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1. Listening
Listening Comprehension 11th form
Work
Mark Twain pointed out that if work were so pleasant, the rich would keep it for
themselves. But however much people may think they dislike work, everyone
has a deep psychological need for it. Everyone wants to be valued, and wages
and salaries are the visible proof that we matter.
Not all kinds of work qualify, however. No matter how worthwhile or demanding
they might be, bringing up children, housework and voluntary employment are
not usually seen as “proper jobs”. The only “proper” job is one that provides paid
employment. Being paid for a job in our society means higher personal status.
Of course we would also prefer work, to be useful, pleasant and interesting—
and also well paid. But you don’t really have to enjoy your work to get pleasure
from it. The fact that we have to overcome some difficulties, that we have to deal
with doing routine tasks, in some way, gives us pleasure.
For example, having to be in a particular place at a particular time, working as
part of a team towards a common goal, gives us a sense of purpose. The
modern workplace also provides somewhere where people can assert their
identity or create a new one.
Without work many people become untidy and lazy, and find they are unable to
enjoy the leisure time which is available to them. When some people retire from
work, they lose their sense of value and purpose. For most of their lives their
personality, self-image and status have been defined by work without it they lose
their appetite for life.
People who suddenly lose their jobs can find the situation particularly difficult. At
a single stroke they lose all the advantages and status that a paid job provides.
In a culture dominated by work, they are seen by those with jobs as incompetent
or lazy. It is little wonder that stress and illness occur more frequently among the
unemployed.
Employment is now changing, however. Information technology has already
significantly altered the world of work. For many, the idea of a job for life is no
longer realistic. Many people fear they will lose their jobs, and some are being
persuaded to accept the possibility of part-time work. Even the workplace itself
may become a thing of the past with more and more people working at home.
This means that we may no longer be able to depend on work to define
ourselves and our position in society, and that we will have to find new ways to
give our lives a sense of value and purpose.

Listening Comprehension 11th form

True / False
1. Mark Twain pointed out that the rich should work more.
2. People have a deep psychological need for work because they want to be
rich.
3. A ‘proper job’ is one that provides paid employment.
4. People don’t have to “enjoy their work to get pleasure from it” because coping
with problems can be satisfying.
5. Working as part of a team towards a common goal, gives us a good salary.
6. Without work many people become happy and tidy and enjoy their life.
7. People who suddenly become unemployed can find the situation particularly
difficult.
8. Stress and illness do not occur among the people who have no job.
9. The arrival of information technology has made work more stressful.
10. The workplace itself may become a thing of the past with more and more
people working at the plants.
Multiple choice test 1st variant
1. Everyone has a deep psychological need for …
A getting wages and salaries; B having a job; C being able to rest; D having
entertainments;
2. Everyone wants to be valued that is …
A to get wages and salaries; B to get prizes; C to be praised; D to be
unemployed;
3. Being paid for a job in our society means …
A lower personal status; B no personal status; C higher personal status; D to
become rich;
4. Some people prefer work to be useful and interesting but you do not have to
…
A cooperate with your colleagues; B get pleasure from it; C love the staff;
D be paid;
5. A modern work place is a place where people can …
A have their lunch; B drink coffee for free; C assert their identity; D argue with
their boss
6. Some people lose their sense of value and goal when they …
A fall ill; B retire; C go bankrupt; D are offered a job;
7. A well-paid job provides …
A status of a rich person; B health insurance; C various professional
possibilities; D the advantages and status;
8. The unemployed people are seen by those with jobs as …
A rich and happy; B incompetent or lazy; C boring or uninteresting; D easy going
and sociable;
9. The world of work is significantly transformed by …
A nuclear technology; B management technology; C information technology; D
educational technology;
10. As the employment is changing now many people fear they will …
A be replaced by the computers B get no salary; C upset their boss; D lose their
jobs;

2. Reading
Reading Comprehension 11th form

SPOKEN CORPUS COMES TO LIFE

A Сompiling of dictionaries has been historically the provenance of studious
professorial types - usually bespectacled - who love to pore over weighty tomes
and make pronouncements on the finer nuances of meaning. They were
probably good at crosswords and definitely knew a lot of words, but the image
was always rather dry and dusty. The latest technology, and simple technology
at that, is revolutionising the content of dictionaries and the way they are put
together.
B For the first time, dictionary publishers are incorporating real, spoken English
into their data. It gives lexicographers (people who write dictionaries) access to a
more vibrant, up-to-date vernacular language which has never really been
studied before. In one project, 150 volunteers each agreed to discreetly tie a
Walkman recorder to their waist and leave it running for anything up to two
weeks. Every conversation they had was recorded. When the data was
collected, the length of tapes was 35 times the depth of the Atlantic Ocean.
Teams of audio typists transcribed the tapes to produce a computerised
database of ten million words.
C This has been the basis - along with an existing written corpus - for the
Language Activator dictionary, described by lexicographer Professor Randolph
Quirk as “the book the world has been waiting for”. It shows advanced foreign
learners of English how the language is really used. In the dictionary, key words
such as “eat” are followed by related phrases such as “wolf down” or “be a picky
eater”, allowing the student to choose the appropriate phrase.
D “This kind of research would be impossible without computers,” said Delia
Summers, a director of dictionaries. “It has transformed the way lexicographers
work. If you look at the word “like”, you may intuitively think that the first and
most frequent meaning is the verb, as in “I like swimming”. It is not. It is the
preposition, as in: “she walked like a duck”. Just because a word or phrase is
used doesn’t mean it ends up in a dictionary. The sifting out process is as vital
as ever. But the database does allow lexicographers to search for a word and
find out how frequently it is used – something that could only be guessed at
intuitively before.
E Researchers have found that written English works in a very different way to
spoken English. The phrase “say what you like” literally means “feel free to say
anything you want”, but in reality it is used, evidence shows, by someone to
prevent the other person voicing disagreement. The phrase “it’s a question of
crops up on the database over and over again. It has nothing to do with enquiry,
but it’s one of the most frequent English phrases which has never been in a
language learner’s dictionary before: it is now.
F The Spoken Corpus computer shows how inventive and humorous people are
when they are using language by twisting familiar phrases for effect. It also
reveals the power of the pauses and noises we use to play for time, convey
emotion, doubt and irony.
G For the moment, those benefiting most from the Spoken Corpus are foreign
learners. “Computers allow lexicographers to search quickly through more
examples of real English,” said Professor Geoffrey Leech of Lancaster
University. “They allow dictionaries to be more accurate and give a feel for how
language is being used.” The Spoken Corpus is part of the larger British National
Corpus, an initiative carried out by several groups involved in the production of
language learning materials: publishers, universities and the British Library.

Reading Comprehension 11th form

I. Write (true) or – (false) for each of the statements below:

1. People who compile dictionaries are hard-working and intelligent.
2. The content of dictionaries is unchangeable.
3. People who write dictionaries are called dictionary writers.
4. The meanings of a word never end up in a dictionary.
5. A dictionary shows how the language is used.
6. Written English works are similar to spoken English.
7. Computers help dictionaries to be more precise.
8. The phrase “to say what you like” literally means “to express your
disagreement”.
9. Sometimes the meaning of a word can be guessed instinctively.
10. The first meaning of a word is always the most frequently used one.

II. Answer the questions:

1. What types of people are called professorial?
2. What is the latest technology doing?
3. What do lexicographers get incorporating real, spoken English into the data?
4. What was the result of the project carried out by the volunteers?
5. How did Professor Randolph Quirk describe the Language Activator
dictionary?
6. What role do computers play in the development of dictionaries?
7. What do people usually do for effect?
8. Who benefits from the Spoken Corpus?
9. What do computers let lexicographers do?
10. What is The Spoken Corpus?

3. Writing
- Do students generally like to take part in extracurricular activities? Do they
have enough freedom in choosing what they want to do?
- You want to run for the position of class president at your school. What issues
are of interest to the students? What promises will you make to the students to
get elected? What personal motives do you have for running for this office?
- What do you consider to be a family? How important is family life in today’s
world? There are more and more divorces and single-parent families; how is this
affecting today’s youth? If you could make some changes to strengthen the
family in today’s culture, what would you do?
4. Speaking
- School teachers impact our futures in many ways. Which teacher has been
most influential to you? What makes an influential teacher? Explain why
teaching is a valued profession.

- Many people fantasize about the perfect vacation. Describe where you would
go and who you would take with you. How long would your perfect vacation last?
Name five things that could ruin your perfect vacation. Explain.

- People enjoy decorating their room in a way that reflects their personality.
Describe your favorite room. How does this room reflect your personality? If you
had the money to decorate your room as you wish, what would you change?

- Your school is having a competition in which students are designing a new

school uniform. What colors and styles would you choose? Why do you think
your design should be chosen? What are advantages and disadvantages of
school uniforms?

- Many forms of communication, such as mobile phones, letters and email, are
now available
worldwide. What forms of communication are available in your community?
What is your preferred form of communication?

- Many animals are becoming extinct or endangered. Which three animals do

you think are the most important to protect? What can you do to help save
animals from extinction? If you could bring any one animal back from extinction
which would you bring back? Why?

- Imagine that you have been asked to go on a speaking tour to teach people
about Ukraine.
Which three countries would you go to? Why? What items would you bring to
show people? How do these represent Ukraine? What event in Ukraine's history
do you think is most important for people to know about? Why?

- Many people set goals for themselves every New Year. Do people set goals for
themselves at other times? What are some goals that you have set for yourself?
Do you agree or disagree that it is important to set goals? Why?

- Marcel Proust once wrote, “The true voyage of discovery lies not in seeking
new landscapes, but in having new eyes.” Please describe this quote in your
own words and what it means to you. How can people gain "new eyes?" What is
more important to you, seeing new places or understanding new things?

- Benjamin Franklin once said, “Eat to live, don’t live to eat. ”How do you
interpret this statement? How would you describe your eating habits and those
of your peers? Do these habits reflect Franklin’s statement? Explain.
- Imagine that you are given a chance to live forever. Would you accept or
refuse this offer? Why? What would influence your decision? How would this
change the way you live your life?

- Most scientists argue that we live in a dangerous time of climate change. Why
should all people be concerned about the environment? How can humans undo
the damage they've done to the Earth? What are people doing in your town or
village to help the environment?

- What is the most threatening health problem facing humanity? Do you know
why this problem is spreading? Do you know anyone it has affected? What can
we do to help solve this problem?

- Publications, such as newspapers, magazines, and books, tend to focus their

marketing on what’s current and popular. What is current and popular in your
community? What do you think this says about our priorities today? Do you think
that popular news is the most informative news? Explain.

- In classical literature themes like love, heroism, vengeance, envy, and hope
tend to be universal and consequently popular. Which of the above themes do
you like the most? Is there a particular book you enjoy in which one or more of
these themes exists? Why do you think the above themes are considered
universal?

- People usually play music that reflects their mood. What genre of music do you
usually listen to? What type of music do you listen to in different emotional
states? Do you think music allows you to deal with your emotions? Explain.

- It has been said that the internet is making the world a smaller place. How has
the internet changed your life? How does it provide you with access to new
ideas and cultures? If you could publish an article on the internet about your
culture, what would it say?

- It is said that, “art imitates life.” Do you think this is true? How important is art in
your life? Can art affect the way we live our lives, or even our culture? What
piece of art perfectly describes you and your personality?

- The American President John F. Kennedy once said, “Ask not what your
country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.” Do you think that
you have a responsibility to contribute to your country? Explain. Why do you
think this is an important question? What are some examples of things you can
do for your country in order to improve it?

- “I left my heart in San Francisco,” is a popular saying. How do you interpret this
statement? Where have you been that you’ve left your heart? Is it a place that
you go often, or have only been once before? Do you plan on returning?
- Imagine you had the skills to do any job for one day. Which job would you
choose? Why? Is this a career you could see yourself pursuing in the future?
Explain. What steps have you taken in order to make that goal a reality?

LISTENING COMPREHENSION
 Natural Classic
I'm a very keen reader, but selecting the book with a natural-history theme, which has influenced me
most, was some challenge, until I thought back to my childhood. Then it was easy.
Where the book came from is a mystery, and I have never met anyone who has heard of it. It is
Rita Richie's The Golden Hawks of Genghis Khan. I read it when I was about 10 years old and I
remember to this day the effect it had on me.
Set in 1218, it is a story of a rich boy whose parents are dead. He is growing up in the splendid city
of Samarkand and has a fascination for hawks, those magnificent hunting birds. There is a great deal of
mystery surrounding his past, but he is led to believe that a band of Mongols killed his father to steal a rare
type of bird - the golden hawk. Determined to get these birds back, he runs away from Samarkand and joins
a group of people travelling to the country of Mongolia. What follows is a grand adventure centered on
the city of Karakorum, where the great Mongol chief Genghis Khan was then based.
The book combines adventure, mystery, honour, friendship, danger, suffering - all seen through
the eyes of the young hero, Jalair. I still find this fantasy a thrilling read. Jalair's great love for the
birds was enviable and inspiring. But most of all it was the sense of place that stayed with me. The
book gives the reader an idea of the vast open spaces of central Asia and its huge skies, without the
use of the long descriptive passages that would bore a child. There are no boundaries. The
emptiness of the Gobi Desert, the Tian Shan mountains and the excitement of riding through forests
and over rolling hills fascinated me.
The book gave me more than hawks, horses and a desire for wild places. It also gave me a set of
values. The Mongols in The Golden Hawks were totally uninterested in possessions, a characteristic that
is absolutely essential for people who spent their lives travelling from place to place. They were never
mean. Generosity, good will and optimism were highly valued, hard work was enjoyed and the rest was
pure fun. They simply loved life.
Two years ago, I fulfilled a life-long ambition and went riding in Mongolia's mountains. I was not
disappointed.
Task 1. For each of the questions 1-10 decide which of the statements are true or false on the
basis of what is stated or implied in what you have heard and put a «+» if a statement is true and a «—» if
a statement is false next to the corresponding number on your answer sheet.
Remember: you are NOT allowed to take notes at ANY time when the text is being read to you.

1. The author hasn't read a good history book for a long time.
2. The book the author is telling about was borrowed from a library.
3. The main character of the book is Genghis Khan.
4. The action takes place in the 13 century.
th

5. Jalair is an orphan.
6. Mongols take the boy as prisoner..
7. The Mongols' chief is dead at the beginning of the story.
8. Jalair's father's nickname was Golden Hawk.
9. The boy is eager to find those who killed his father.
10. The book was interesting to read because it had a lot of pictures in it.

READING COMPREHENSION
Directions: For each of the questions 1—10 decide which of the answers (a, b, c or d) best complete the
statements on the basis of what is stated or implied in the text and mark the corresponding letter (a, b, c or d)
with a «+» on your answer sheet.
Academy Awards is the name for prizes given annually in the United States by the Academy of Motion
Picture Arts and Sciences for excellence in the creation and production of motion pictures. First presented
in 1929 for films shown in 1927 and 1928, the Academy Awards, commonly known as Oscars, are
among the film industry's most coveted prizes.
The entire academy membership participates in voting for the annual awards. In most award categories,
a maximum of five entrants are first nominated by the academy members who work in that particular field
(that is, actors select actors, directors select directors, and so on). From among these nominees all
academy members select the winners by secret ballot. The winners are publicly announced at a formal
ceremony each spring. One hour of the 1929 awards ceremony was
broadcast on the radio, and from 1944 through 1969 the entire ceremony was broadcast. Television
broadcasts-began in 1953 and today attract a worldwide audience. Various people claim to have given the
name Oscar to the symbolic statuette presented to winners, but the origin of the name has never been
definitely determined. The gold-plated bronze human figure, which is 34.3 cm high and weighs 3.9 kg , was
created by American sculptor George Stanley based on sketches made by American motion-picture art
director Cedric Gibbons.
 Awards are given for best motion picture; foreign-language film; performances by male and female actors
in both leading and supporting roles; achievement in direction; screenplays, both original and adapted from
previously produced or published material; and scores and songs composed for films. Other award
categories include live-action short subject, animated short subject, documentary feature, and documentary
short feature. Excellence in technical disciplines is also recognized, including art direction, cinematography,
costume design, makeup, film editing, sound and sound effects editing, and visual effects. In addition, special
or honorary awards are given for distinguished careers or humanitarian achievement.
Statements:
1. The ceremony described in the passage is about:
а) 1929 years old;
b) as old as three quarters of a century;
c) giving prizes to the members of the Academy;
d) to die out.
2. The-word "coveted" in line 5 may best be replaced with:
a) excellent; b) desired;
c) distributed; d) useless.

3. It may be inferred from the text that the awards are given for:

a. the movies made in the current year;

b. the movies made in the two years before the ceremony;
c. the movies made in the following year;
d. the movies made in the previous year.

4. The decision on giving an award is made by:

a) the Academy's rector; b) all the members of the Academy;
c) a few selected academicians; d) the public.
5. It may be inferred that the Academy is:
a) an educational establishment; b) a scientific organization;
c) a research institution; d) a public organization.
6. Each nominee has a ... percent probability to become a winner.:
a) twenty; b) fifty;
c) five; d) twenty-five.
7. The official ceremony is closest in time to:
a) Christmas; b) Thanksgiving Day;
c) Independence Day; d) April Fool's Day.
8. The word "scores" in line 23 most probably means:
a) music; b) marks;
c) subjects; d) topics.
9. It is stated that Oscars are made of:
a) bronze covered with gold; b) gold covered with bronze;
c) an alloy of bronze and gold; d) golden plates.
10. One can make a conclusion that this category will NOT be awarded:

a. a 30-minute thriller;
b. a 60-minute documentary about Saddam Hussein;
c. a 5-minute cartoon about Mickey Mouse;
d. a 100-series Santa Barbara TV soap opera.

WRITTEN COMPREHENSION
Choose one of the three suggested topics and comment on it.

1. The place we live in is a reflection of our personality.

2. What would you do if you became President of Ukraine?
3. The school system of Ukraine needs to be changed.

SPEAKING
1. You are taking a job interview. What would you tell about yourself, your interests, and hobbies?
2. Which of the members of your family do you appreciate most and why?
 3. What do you like/ dislike in people? Which of those qualities does your friend
have?
4. What day of your life brings you the sweetest memories? Why?
5. Do you have any special holidays in your family? What's special about them?
6. If you had a chance to decide where to spend your summer break, where
would you go?
7. What would you change in TV broadcasting if you had enough authority?
8. Would you prefer to be a theatre or a movie actor?
9. What would you say to persuade your parents that the music you listen to is
worth doing it?
10. If you were a personnel manager, would you demand that your staff knows
a foreign language?

FORM 10 LISTENING Ключі до тестових завдань

1 . + , 2 - , 3.-, 4.+, 5 . + , 6.-, 7.- , 8.-, 9.-, 10.-.
ЧИТАННЯ Ключі до тестових завдань
1. b, 2. b, 3. d, 4. b, 5. d, 6. a, 7. d, 8. a, 9. a, 10. d.
Reading 11th form
PART 1
You are going to read an article about a woman who writes children's books. For
questions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best
according to the text.
Jane Hissey, creator of the 'Old Bear' stories
If anyone knows what makes a great children's book, it must be Sussex author
and illustrator Jane Hissey. Her 'Old Bear' books have achieved classic status in
a variety of formats: books for different ages, audio tapes, calendars and diaries.
I caught up with Jane at her home in the East Sussex countryside and asked her
what she thinks is the secret of a classic children's book. 'That's a difficult one. I
suppose it's got to be relevant to the child's stage of development - for young
children, pictures on a page that are familiar, for older children, an experience.
The book should be familiar, but hold some surprises too, in order to maintain
the interest. It must inspire and delight, but there is also an element of the
matter-of-fact, the things that happen every day.'
Jane was born in Norwich and studied design and illustration at Brighton
College, after which she taught art to secondary school students. She married a
graphic designer and settled in East Sussex. After the birth of her first child,
Owen (who is now 18), she gave up teaching and worked on her own artwork,
drawing pictures of teddy bears and designing greeting cards. An editor from a
publishing company saw her work and invited Jane to do a children's book. After
the birth of her second child, Alison (who is now 14), she set to work.
'Old Bear', the leader of the gang, was Jane's childhood teddy and she still loves
him. T get the feeling he's writing his own words. I look back at the first book I
wrote and realise he's lost a lot of his fur. That's partly because I pin him in front
of me in order to draw him. Like the other toys, he gets stuck on little clamps. All
the toys have aged more than I show in my drawings; I'm able to keep them
looking youthful.’
Over the years, from the first 'Old Bear' book in 1988, her children have made a
huge contribution - not least in terms of plot. I used to give my children the toys
to play with - and they had tea parties and so on. One of my bear characters,
'Little Bear', is the same age as Ralph, my youngest, who's seven now. All the
children have been involved and, in years to come, they will realise how much.'
Jane's technique is very interesting. Unlike many other children's illustrators, she
works in coloured pencils, which makes her work immediately accessible to
children because it's the medium most familiar to them. She likes to draw the
original about four times larger than it appears in the book. Because they are
eventually reduced in size, the drawings then look more dense, with a deeper
texture. T build up layers and layers of colour,' she explains, 'so the effect is not
wishy-washy. There's a depth of colour and you can see the other colours
underneath.' With such a laborious, meticulous method of working, a single book
takes a year to write and illustrate. How, I asked her, does this work fit in with
the demands of a large family and home? She told me it was a combination of
teamwork and good planning. 'My husband is also an illustrator, so we both work
from home and we can juggle things so that one of us is always there.'
Despite such phenomenal success in the book world, Jane remains very down-
to-earth about her collection of toys. But, she admits she would miss them if she
 suddenly had no contact with them. T hope I'll know when people are getting fed
up with the characters. If ever they did, I think I'd go on drawing them for fun. My
own children have been very useful to me in my work, but as they are older now,
I'll just have to hope that other people's children can inspire me.'
1. According to Jane, a successful children's book
A contains material that is unexpected.
B should offer an escape from everyday life.
C does not lose its attraction as children get older.
D is set in a place which is known to its readers.
2. Jane first became involved in book writing because
A she got in touch with an editor.
B her artwork attracted professional
C husband encouraged her to try.
D she wrote stories for her own children.
3. What does Jane say about her teddy bear illustrations in paragraph 4?
A They have improved over time.
B She uses real models to work from.
C They have been pinned up around the house.
D She has had difficulty keeping them up-to-date.
4. How did Jane's children assist her in her work?
A by allowing her to concentrate on her work
B by telling her what they thought of her stories
C by suggesting characters for her stories
D by giving her ideas for her stories
5. According to the writer, Jane's books take a long time to produce because
A the pages have to be so large.
B the colouring is a lengthy process.
C she redoes so many of her drawings.
D she colours each page to suit the mood of the story.
6. When Jane says 'we can juggle things', she means that she and her
husband can
A find someone to look after their children.
B afford to turn down work.
C find space in the home to work.
D organise their daily schedules.
7. How does Jane feel about her future work?
A uncertain
B excited
C encouraged
D depressed
8. What do we learn from the article as a whole about Jane's attitude to her
books?
A She is interested in experimenting with different drawing techniques
B She regards her characters simply as a commercial project.
C She is fond of the toys that she draws regularly.
D She is bored with writing about bears all the time.

PART 2
You are going to read an article about sending scientific expeditions to the
Moon. Seven sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from
the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap (9-15). There is one extra
sentence which you do not need to use.
Getting back on the Moon
Several decades after the Apollo 11 Moon landing, scientists want another trip.
One of the most dramatic events in human history took place in 1969. Dressed
in his space suit and equipped with an oxygen backpack, a walkie-talkie, a
camera and a special visor to block out the fierce light of the sun, the astronaut
Neil Armstrong stepped from the Eagle lunar module out onto the Moon. He was
soon joined by Edwin 'Buzz' Aldrin. The two men collected rock samples and
took photographs before returning to the Apollo spacecraft.
After several decades, the excitement surrounding mankind's first visit to
another world has not decreased. 9 ___ Moreover, the snapshot of a sapphire-
blue Earth, as seen from the Apollo spacecraft, remains a powerful symbol of
space exploration.
However, some scientists claim that, despite twelve men having walked on the
Moon in six missions between 1969 and 1972, basic questions about it remain
unanswered. For example, is there really water there? What is the 'far side' like?
How did the Moon come to orbit the Earth? 10 ________ Human beings, they
say, would be better at gathering information and samples than unmanned
spacecraft.
David Heather, a lunar researcher from London, agrees that such questions
could be answered more easily if people were sent up rather than robots. He
thinks that people are more intelligent and useful. 11_____
The researcher, who is studying data from unmanned spacecraft, believes that
because scientists have got some sample material from the Moon, most people
considerthat it is unnecessary to go back there. He insists, however, that a lot of
the material we have does not give a good idea of what all parts of the Moon are
like. 12 ______ As a result, there are very few pieces of rock from the highland
regions and insufficient material from the lunar seas.
13 _____That is another reason why people like David Heather would like to see
more scientists up there, working with more advanced equipment. A lot more
could be done today.
There are problems, however, the main one being that it is incredibly expensive
to send humans to the Moon. 14 ______ There is only so much money to go
round. There would be arguments about the best use of resources between
people who want to go to the Moon, people who want to build telescopes on
Earth and people who want to build telescopes in space. Each group would
argue that their project is the most important and urgent undertaking.
There is another problem to be faced. 15 _________For example, astronauts on
the far side of the Moon, which is invisible to Earth, would be out of contact. A lot
of people would oppose manned missions for that reason alone.
A All the Apollo missions had to land near the Moon's equator, so the samples
have come from a limited area.
B It is easy to forget, too, that the technology of the early lunar missions was the
technology of the 1960s.
C They are supposed to do the kind of tasks that astronauts cannot do.
D The most mysterious areas of the Moon are probably the most dangerous.
E Now, some believe that manned missions should begin again.
F The human footprints on the lunar surface seem as incredible now as they did
in the 1960s.
G For that reason, some people might oppose any plans for new missions.
H They can make quick decisions about what they should collect and examine.

PART 3
You are going to read a magazine article about four athletes. For
questions 16-30, choose from the athletes (A-D), The athletes may be
chosen more than once.
Which athlete
started doing her sport as a way of using up energy? 16______
thinks she sometimes demands too much of herself? 17_______
has worked as a model? 18_______
sometimes feels too tired to go on? 19_______
took a break from her sport to improve her motivation? 20_______
used to have to combine training for her sport with a job? 21_______
hasn't completely recovered from an old injury? 22______
feels people's envy is misplaced? 23______
doesn't avoid any particular type of food? 24______
knows the time when she can continue in her sport is limited? 25_______
wouldn't consider having a day in the week free of training? 26_______
goes straight from the running track to the pool when she is training?
27________
says she has a different attitude to her body from non-athletes? 28________
feels that she was born with certain advantages? 29________
gave up something time-consuming to concentrate on her sport 30________
A Jessie, 31, is 100m hurdler
'People are always commenting on my arms. I think I'm lucky genetically
because I had good muscle tone even before I started training. I've actually
been earning some extra money recently by posing for some photographers who
appreciate the beauty of the strong, fit bodies athletes possess. Obviously, I
have to watch what I eat carefully, and as desserts and chocolate are a
weakness of mine, it can be a problem! I tore the ligaments in my knee three
years ago and since then I've been in constant pain, and have had it operated
on four times. But I'm running well at the moment. I train about three to four
hours a day, six days a week. I have friends who say they wish they looked like
me, but it's hard work to maintain my body in peak condition.'
B Natasha, 16, is a gymnast.
'My mother got me into gymnastics because I was an over-active child - I was
always getting into trouble for standing on my head and leaping around. At the
moment, I train up to six hours a day and Sunday is my only day off. I don't
worry about my weight or what I eat as my parents do that for me - they think I
don't know when to stop. But I do have to keep off peanuts! Anyway, it's more
about muscle tone than weight. I don't envy models their bodies because they're
a different shape. We're not skinny, we're toned and muscled. Most of us retire
at 19 or 20 because you invariably get bigger then. Three years ago, I had a hip
injury which put me out of the sport for 18 months and I had to be really
committed to get through it. There are days when you're so worn out that you
think "I can't do it today", but you must try to work through the exhaustion.'
C Sophie, 21, is a backstroke swimmer.
Three years ago, I took three months out because I knew I had to if I was to
carry on. I now know that every time I get in the water, it's because I really want
to be there. In my time out, I occasionally treated myself to chocolate, which is
normally forbidden. I didn't train either, so it was hard when I started swimming
again. My body is a tool for me and I don't see it in the way other women view
theirs. I was approached by a major chain store once about modelling
swimwear, but I wasn't keen on the idea. I train seven days a week, which is
tiring, but missing a session is never an option. I swim for two hours in the
morning, then spend two hours in the gym before going back to the pool. Now
that I have the advantage of financial sponsorship, I can train full-time and no
longer have to get up at 4.45 am to swim before going to the office.'
D Karen, 28, is a modern pentathlete
I’m very competitive and I can push myself too far in training. I'm never tempted
to miss it, except when I feel ill. A typical day's training is: shooting from 8 am to
9.30 am; running from 10 am to 11 am; swimming from 11 am to midday; riding
from 1pm to 3 pm; and then 45 minutes fencing. I snack on bananas to keep up
my energy levels, but it's impossible to fit in time to eat and digest anything
substantial until the end of the day's work-out. I limit my coffee-drinking because
it's bad for me, but I can eat anything really, as long as it's in moderation. I only
eat around 2,500 calories a day, which isn't much more than the average
woman needs. I was studying to be a vet when I started competing in
pentathlons. I was training every day and fitting it in round my coursework, which
was exhausting, so eventually one of them had to go. I'm more focused now.'

Keys:
PART 1: 1-A, 2-B, 3-B, 4-D, 5-B, 6-D, 7-A, 8-C.
PART 2: 9-F, 10-E, 11-H, 12-A, 13-B, 14- G, 15-D.
PART 3: 16-B, 17-D, 18-A, 19-B, 20-C, 21-C, 22-A, 23-A, 24-D, 25-B, 26-C, 27-
D, 28-C, 29-A, 30-D.
 ISTENING COMPREHENSION

Show Me the Way to Go Home

Task 1. For each of the questions 1—10 decide which of the statements
are true or false on the basis of what is stated or implied in what you have heard and put a
«+» if a statement is true and a «—», if a statement is false next to the corresponding
number on your answer sheet.
Unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents. This fact is
becoming abundantly familiar as American parents are forced to make room for their
adult children. There is a naive notion that children grow up and leave home when they
are 18, and the truth is far from that. Today, 59 % of men and 47% of women between
18 and 24 depend on their parents for housing in this or that way and this is part of a
major shift in the middle class.
Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising,
a condition that makes home and its amenities particularly attractive to young people.
A high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and
emotionally battered survivors back to parental shelters! For some, the expense of an
away-from-home college has become so exorbitant that many students now attend local
schools. Even after graduation young people find their wings clipped by skyrocketing
housing costs.
Sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over
bathrooms, telephones, and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate
balancing act.
Still, most psychologists feel lengthy homecomings are a mistake. Offspring, struggling
to establish separate identities, can wind up with a sense of inadequacy, defeat, and
failure. And aging parents who should be enjoying some financial and personal
freedom, find themselves bogged down with responsibilities. Living with children of any
age involves compromise and obligation, factors that can be detrimental to some
aspects of well-being. All children, even adult children, require accommodation and
create stress.
Brief visits, however, can work beneficially. They may make parents and their children
much closer to each other without being a burden for either part.

 Remember: you are NOT allowed to take notes at ANY time when the text is being read to
you.

1. Leaving home after school used to be a tradition in the US.

2. Children do not want to leave their parents' houses.
3. There is a variety of choices for children to make.
4. Students nowadays have fewer options for studying than before.
5. More females than males depend on their parents for housing.
6. Living with adult children is relaxing in most cases.
7. When adult children return home, it is them who need to get used to their parents'
way of life.
8. Most parents expect their lives will change for the better without their children living
with them.
9. Living with parents may be psychologically harmful.

10. There seems to be no possible way to handle the problem today.

READING COMPREHENSION
The Beatles
Directions: For each of the questions 1-10 decide which of the answers (a, b, c or d) best
complete the statements on the basis of what is stated or implied in the text and mark the
corresponding letter (a, b, c or d) with a «+» on your answer sheet.

Everyone in the world knows The Beatles, a British rock music group,
which revolutionized popular music around the world in the 1960s by leading a move ment
in rock music known as the British Invasion. From 1964 through 1969, the Beatles
achieved unprecedented popularity with 30 songs reaching the Billboard magazine top-ten
popular music charts.
Formed in 1959, the Beatles were composed of four musicians born in Li-v erpool,
England: guitarist George Harrison, guitarist John Lennon, bassist Paul McCartney, and
drummer Peter Best. In 1962 drummer Ringo Starr (born Richard Starkey) replaced Best.
Influenced by American rock-and-roll artists of the late 1950s, such as Little Richard and
Buddy Holly, the Beatles styled their songs in the sophisticated manner of the American
tradition of popular-music songwriting that peaked in the 1920s and 1930s. From the
simple, fresh style of their early songs, such as "I Want to Hold Your Hand" (1963) and
"A Hard Day's Night" (1964), the Beatles progressed to innovative, experimental works-
culminating in the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967). Considered the
first concept album (songs unified by a common theme), Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club
Band was also admired for its haunting harmony and lyrics, unconventional musical
phrases and rhythms, and the integrated use of electronic music and the Indian sitar.
Other Beatles' albums include With the Beatles (1963), Beatles for Sale (1964), Abbey
Road (1969), and Let it Be (1970).
In 1970 the Beatles split up and each member pursued another musical career, either as
a solo artist or as bandleader. Despite individual successes, members were often
approached with requests to reunite, fueling wide speculation until John Lennon's murder
in 1980. The Beatles won the Grammy Trustees Award in 1972 and the group was
inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988. In 1995 the first volume of a three-
album retrospective of the Beatles, Anthology, was released, accompanied by a television
miniseries of the same name. The Anthology album, which includes the previously
unrecorded song "Free as a Bird" (written by Lennon and recorded by the surviving band
members during 1994 and 1995), became one of the fastest-selling albums in the history
of popular music. The second album of the series, Anthology 2, was released in 1996.
Statements:
1) The words "the British Invasion" in line 3 most probably mean:
a) a British attack on America; b) conquering a new land by the British;
c) spreading of new ideas; d) putting something into a British vase.
2. It may be concluded from the passage that:
a) no one had managed to write famous songs before the Beatles;
b) the Beatles became popular by making music charts;
c) the Billboard magazine writes on music;
d) the Beatles composed about 5 songs a year.
3. The composition of the group:
a) was never changed; b) needed changing regularly;
c)was the same for about 8 years; d)required much time and effort.
4. It is implied in the passage that the Beatles wouldn't have become famous had it not
been for:
a) Ringo Starr b) a little man named Richard;
c) the culture of a different country; d) Hollywood.
5. The word "sophisticated" in line 9 can best be replaced with:
a) pervert; b) subtle;
c) complicated; d) urban.
6. It took the Beatles about... years to get to the peak of their artistic career.
a) 2; b) 4;
 c) 6; d) 8.
7. The thing that was, NOT mentioned as the one that made Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts
Club Band an outstanding event in music was:
a) song texts; b) voice arrangements;
c) unusual instrument combinations; d) the general idea.
8. It is implied that:
a) a lot of people wanted the Beatles to join together after their breakup;
b) each of the Beatles wanted to become a bandleader;
c) John Lennon was murdered not to let the group reunite;
d) the ex-Beatles' were not very happy in their solo careers.
9. It can be inferred that the Grammy Trustees Award is given for achievements:
a) in music; b) in murder;

c. in splitting up; d) in reuniting.

10. One can make a conclusion that:

a. the Anthology album was released shortly after Lennon's death;

b. in 25 years after the breakup the group was still very popular;
c. after inducting into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the group never recorded songs
together;
d. the album consisted of previously unrecorded songs.

WRITING COMPREHENSION

 Choose one of the three suggested topics and comment on it.

1. Nowadays young people often choose their future profession without being cut out for
it but just for the sake of expected financial benefit.
2. It is absolutely necessary that Ukraine reshape itself following the countries of the
European Union.
3. It is unfair that Ukrainian higher education diplomas are not recognized in many
developed countries.

SPEAKING

1. You are taking a job interview. What would you tell about yourself, your in-
terests, and hobbies?
2. Which of the members of your family do you appreciate most and why?
3. What would you change in TV broadcasting if you had enough authority?
4. What would you say to persuade your parents that the music you listen to
is worth doing it?
5. If you were a personnel manager, would you demand that your staff know a
foreign language?
6. Which of the school subjects will be most useful in your future career?
7. Does weather influence your performance?'
8. Your English friend is going to come to Ukraine. What would you tell him to help
him feel comfortable in the country?
9. If you were to make a list of the most outstanding Ukrainians, what names
would you include in it?
10.You are to write an article about your favorite sportsman. What would
you write?
 Відповіді
FORM 11 АУДІЮВАННЯ
I. +, 2. -, 3. -, 4. +, 5. -, 6. -, 7. -, 8. +, 9. +, 10. -.
ЧИТАННЯ
l.c, 2. с, 3. с, 4. с, 5.Ь, 6. d, 7. b, 8.'а, 9. а, 10. b.

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