Engineering Economic Analysis 14th Edition Donald G. Newnan - Download The Ebook Now For An Unlimited Reading Experience
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Donald G. Newnan
Ted G. Eschenbach
Jerome P. Lavelle
Neal A. Lewis
Fairfield University
Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It
furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and
education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of
Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries.
Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014, 2012, 2009, 2004 by Oxford University Press
You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this
same condition on any acquirer.
ISBN 978-0-19-093191-9
987654321
DN
TE
JL
NL
CONTENTS IN BRIEF
1. 1 MAKING ECONOMIC DECISIONS
2. 2 ESTIMATING ENGINEERING COSTS AND BENEFITS
3. 3 INTEREST AND EQUIVALENCE
4. 4 EQUIVALENCE FOR REPEATED CASH FLOWS
5. 5 PRESENT WORTH ANALYSIS
6. 6 ANNUAL CASH FLOW ANALYSIS
7. 7 RATE OF RETURN ANALYSIS
1. APPENDIX 7A Difficulties in Solving for an Interest Rate
8. 8 CHOOSING THE BEST ALTERNATIVE
9. 9 OTHER ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
1. APPENDIX 9A Investing for Retirement and Other Future Needs
10. 10 UNCERTAINTY IN FUTURE EVENTS
1. APPENDIX 10A Diversification Reduces Risk
11. 11 DEPRECIATION
12. 12 INCOME TAXES FOR CORPORATIONS
1. APPENDIX 12A Taxes and Personal Financial Decision Making
13. 13 ECONOMIC LIFE AND REPLACEMENT ANALYSIS
14. 14 INFLATION AND PRICE CHANGE
15. 15 SELECTION OF A MINIMUM ATTRACTIVE RATE OF
RETURN
16. 16 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR
17. 17 ACCOUNTING AND ENGINEERING ECONOMY
18. APPENDIX A Introduction to Spreadsheets
19. APPENDIX B Time Value of Money Calculations using Spreadsheets
and Calculators
20. APPENDIX C Compound Interest Tables
21. APPENDIX D Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam Practice
Problems
22. APPENDIX E Selected Answers to End-of-Chapter Problems
CONTENTS
1. PREFACE
2. 1 MAKING ECONOMIC DECISIONS
1. Delivered Food and Decision Making
2. A Sea of Problems
1. Simple Problems
2. Intermediate Problems
3. Complex Problems
3. The Role of Engineering Economic Analysis
1. Examples of Engineering Economic Analysis
4. The Decision-Making Process
1. Rational Decision Making
5. Ethics
1. Ethical Dimensions in Engineering Decision Making
2. Importance of Ethics in Engineering and Engineering
Economy
6. Engineering Decision Making for Current Costs
7. When More Than Economics Is Involved
8. SUMMARY
9. PROBLEMS
3. 2 ESTIMATING ENGINEERING COSTS AND BENEFITS
1. LightTUBe
2. Fixed, Variable, Marginal, and Average Costs
1. Sunk Costs
2. Opportunity Costs
3. Recurring and Nonrecurring Costs
4. Incremental Costs
5. Cash Costs Versus Book Costs
3. Considering All Costs
1. Life-Cycle Costs
2. Design Changes and Cost Impacts
3. Internal and External Costs
4. Estimating Benefits
5. The Estimating Process
1. Types of Cost Estimates
2. Accuracy of Estimate
3. Difficulties in Estimation
6. Estimating Models
1. Per-Unit Model
2. Segmenting Model
3. Cost and Price Indexes
4. Power-Sizing Model
5. Triangulation
6. Improvement and the Learning Curve
7. Cash Flow Diagrams
1. Categories of Cash Flows
2. Drawing a Cash Flow Diagram
3. Drawing Cash Flow Diagrams with a Spreadsheet
8. SUMMARY
9. PROBLEMS
10. TRUST ME: YOU’LL USE THIS
4. 3 INTEREST AND EQUIVALENCE
1. A Prescription for Success
2. Computing Cash Flows
3. Time Value of Money
1. Simple Interest
2. Compound Interest
3. Repaying a Debt
4. Equivalence
1. Difference in Repayment Plans
2. Equivalence Is Dependent on Interest Rate
3. Differences in Economically Equivalent Plans
5. Single Payment Compound Interest Formulas
6. Nominal and Effective Interest
7. SUMMARY
8. PROBLEMS
5. 4 EQUIVALENCE FOR REPEATED CASH FLOWS
1. Student Solar Power
2. Uniform Series Compound Interest Formulas
3. Cash Flows That Do Not Match Basic Patterns
4. Economic Equivalence Viewed as a Moment Diagram
5. Relationships Between Compound Interest Factors
1. Single Payment
2. Uniform Series
6. Arithmetic Gradient
1. Derivation of Arithmetic Gradient Factors
2. Reality and the Assumed Uniformity of A, G, and g
7. Geometric Gradient
8. Spreadsheets for Economic Analysis
1. Spreadsheets: The Tool for Engineering Practice
2. Spreadsheet Block Functions for Cash Flow Tables
9. Compounding Period and Payment Period Differ
10. SUMMARY
11. PROBLEMS
6. 5 PRESENT WORTH ANALYSIS
1. The Present Value of 30 Years of Benefits
2. Assumptions in Solving Economic Analysis Problems
1. End-of-Year Convention
2. Viewpoint of Economic Analysis Studies
3. Sunk Costs
4. Borrowed Money Viewpoint
5. Effect of Inflation and Deflation
6. Income Taxes
3. Economic Criteria
4. Time Period for Analysis
1. Useful Lives Equal the Analysis Period
2. Useful Lives Different from the Analysis Period
3. Infinite Analysis Period: Capitalized Cost
5. Multiple Alternatives
6. Applications and Complications
1. Bond Pricing
7. SUMMARY
8. PROBLEMS
7. 6 ANNUAL CASH FLOW ANALYSIS
1. Are More Efficient Appliances Cost Effective?
2. Annual Cash Flow Calculations
1. Resolving Cash Flows to an Annual Equivalent
2. Irregular Cash Flows
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3. Capital Recovery Costs
4. Annual Equivalent with Gradient and Overhaul
3. Annual Cash Flow Analysis
4. Analysis Period
1. Analysis Period Equal to Alternative Lives
2. Analysis Period a Common Multiple of Alternative Lives
3. Analysis Period for a Continuing Requirement
4. Infinite Analysis Period
5. Some Other Analysis Period
5. Analyzing Loans
1. Building an Amortization Schedule
2. Finding the Balance Due on a Loan
3. How Much to Interest? How Much to Principal?
4. Pay Off Debt Sooner by Increasing Payments
6. Annuity Due
7. SUMMARY
8. PROBLEMS
8. 7 RATE OF RETURN ANALYSIS
1. What a Marvel! Iron Man
2. Internal Rate of Return
3. Calculating Rate of Return
1. Plot of NPW Versus Interest Rate i
4. Interest Rates When There Are Fees or Discounts
5. Loans and Investments Are Everywhere
6. Incremental Analysis
7. Analysis Period
1. GOAL SEEK
8. XIRR
9. SUMMARY
10. PROBLEMS
11. APPENDIX 7A DIFFICULTIES IN SOLVING FOR AN
INTEREST RATE
1. What to Do If Cash Flow Diagram Has Two or More Sign
Changes
2. Projects with Multiple Sign Changes
3. Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR)
4. SUMMARY
5. PROBLEMS
9. 8 CHOOSING THE BEST ALTERNATIVE
1. Selecting the Best Pavement
2. Incremental Analysis
3. Graphical Solutions
4. Elements in Comparing Mutually Exclusive Alternatives
5. Doing a Set of Incremental Challenger–Defender Comparisons
6. Choosing an Analysis Method
7. SUMMARY
8. PROBLEMS
10. 9 OTHER ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
1. Clean, Lower Cost Space Travel
2. Future Worth Analysis
3. Benefit–Cost Ratio Analysis
1. Variations on the Theme of the Benefit–Cost Ratio
4. Payback Period
5. Sensitivity and Breakeven Analysis
6. Graphing with Spreadsheets for Sensitivity and Breakeven Analysis
7. Doing What-IF Analysis with Spreadsheets
8. SUMMARY
9. PROBLEMS
10. APPENDIX 9A INVESTING FOR RETIREMENT AND OTHER
FUTURE NEEDS
1. Defined Contribution and Defined Benefit Plans
2. What Returns Are Reasonable to Expect and What Risks Go
with Them
3. PROBLEMS
11. 10 UNCERTAINTY IN FUTURE EVENTS
1. Moving the Load
2. Estimates and Their Use in Economic Analysis
3. A Range of Estimates
4. Probability
5. Joint Probability Distributions
6. Expected Value
7. Economic Decision Trees
8. Risk
1. Calculating the Standard Deviation
9. Risk Versus Return
1. Risk and Return as Multiple Objectives
10. Simulation
11. Real Options
12. SUMMARY
13. PROBLEMS
14. APPENDIX 10A DIVERSIFICATION REDUCES RISK
1. Portfolios of Stocks and Bonds
2. Making the Trade-Off Between Risk and Return
3. PROBLEMS
12. 11 DEPRECIATION
1. Depreciation and Intangible Property
2. Income, Depreciation, Cash Flow, and Valuation
3. Basic Aspects of Depreciation
1. Deterioration and Obsolescence
2. Depreciation and Expenses
3. Types of Property
4. Depreciation Calculation Fundamentals
5. Depreciation and Asset Disposal
4. Time- and Value-Based Depreciation
1. Straight-Line Depreciation
2. Declining Balance Depreciation
5. Depreciation for Taxes—Bonus Depreciation
1. Tax Cuts & Jobs Act
6. Depreciation for Taxes—MACRS Depreciation
1. Property Class and Recovery Period
2. Percentage Tables
3. Calculating and Using MACRS Percentage Rates (rt)
7. Depreciation for Taxes—Bonus Plus MACRS
8. Comparing Depreciation Methods
9. Unit-of-Production Depreciation
10. Depletion
1. Cost Depletion
2. Percentage Depletion
11. Spreadsheet Functions for Depreciation
12. SUMMARY
13. PROBLEMS
13. 12 INCOME TAXES FOR CORPORATIONS
1. Corporate Taxes Around the World: How to Compare?
2. A Partner in the Business
3. Calculation of Taxable Income
1. Classification of Business Expenditures
2. Taxable Income of Business Firms
4. Income Tax Rates
1. Corporate Tax Rates
2. Combined Federal and State Income Taxes
5. Economic Analysis Taking Income Taxes into Account
6. Investment Tax Credit
7. The After-Tax Rate of Return
1. After-Tax Rate of Return with 100% Bonus Depreciation Can
Equal Before-Tax Rate
2. Estimating a Project’s After-Tax IRR
3. Firm’s After-Tax Minimum Attractive Rate of Return
8. Capital Gains and Losses for Nondepreciated Assets
9. SUMMARY
10. PROBLEMS
11. APPENDIX 12A TAXES AND PERSONAL FINANCIAL
DECISION MAKING
1. Income Taxes for Individuals
1. Calculating Taxes Due
2. Withholding Taxes
3. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and Personal Income Taxes
4. Combined Federal and State Income Taxes
5. Capital Gains/Losses for Individuals
6. Tax Credits vs. Tax Deductions
7. Student Loan Interest Deduction
2. Student Loans
3. Retirement Accounts
4. Insurance
1. Automobile Insurance
2. Life Insurance
5. Personal Budgeting
6. PROBLEMS
14. 13 ECONOMIC LIFE AND REPLACEMENT ANALYSIS
1. Aging Bridges
2. Economic Life of a New Asset
1. Drivers Behind the Economic Life
2. Spreadsheets for Economic Life
3. Including Salvage Values and Overhauls
4. Economic Life, Unplanned Repairs, and the Opportunity Cost
of New Alternatives
3. Replacement Analysis
1. The Replacement Problem
2. Replacement Analysis Common Scenario
4. Marginal Costs
5. Complications in Replacement Analysis
1. Other Scenarios for Replacement Analysis
2. Defining First Costs for Existing and Replacement Assets
3. A Closer Look at Future Alternatives
6. After-Tax Replacement Analysis
1. Economic or Minimum Cost Life Problems
2. Marginal Costs on an After-Tax Basis
7. SUMMARY
8. PROBLEMS
15. 14 INFLATION AND PRICE CHANGE
1. Price Trends in Solar Technologies
2. Meaning and Effect of Inflation
1. How Does Inflation Happen?
2. Definitions for Considering Inflation in Engineering Economy
3. Analysis in Constant Dollars Versus Then-Current Dollars
1. Inflation and Uniform Flow Equivalence
4. Price Change with Indexes
1. What Is a Price Index?
2. Composite Versus Commodity Indexes
3. How to Use Price Indexes in Engineering Economic Analysis
5. Cash Flows That Inflate at Different Rates
6. Different Inflation Rates per Period
7. Inflation Effect on After-Tax Calculations
8. Using Spreadsheets for Inflation Calculations
9. SUMMARY
10. PROBLEMS
16. 15 SELECTION OF A MINIMUM ATTRACTIVE RATE OF
RETURN
1. What’s the Rate of Return on a Dam?
2. MARR for Individuals
3. Sources of Capital
1. Money Generated from the Firm’s Operations
2. External Sources of Money
3. Choice of Sources of Funds
4. Cost of Funds
1. Cost of Borrowed Money
2. Cost of Capital
3. Inflation and the Cost of Borrowed Money
5. Investment Opportunities
1. Opportunity Cost
6. Selecting a Minimum Attractive Rate of Return
7. Adjusting MARR to Account for Risk and Uncertainty
8. Representative Values of MARR Used in Industry
9. Capital Budgeting or Selecting the Best Projects
10. SUMMARY
11. PROBLEMS
17. 16 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR
1. From Waste to Power and Money
2. Investment Objective
3. Viewpoint for Analysis
4. Selecting an Interest Rate
1. No Time-Value-of-Money Concept
2. Cost of Capital Concept
3. Opportunity Cost Concept
4. Recommended Concept
5. The Benefit–Cost Ratio
6. Incremental Benefit–Cost Analysis
1. Elements of the Incremental Benefit–Cost Ratio Method
7. Other Effects of Public Projects
1. Project Financing
2. Project Duration
3. Quantifying and Valuing Benefits and Disbenefits
4. Project Politics
8. SUMMARY
9. PROBLEMS
18. 17 ACCOUNTING AND ENGINEERING ECONOMY
1. A Tale of Three Engineers
2. The Role of Accounting
1. Accounting for Business Transactions
3. The Balance Sheet
1. Assets
2. Liabilities
3. Equity
4. Financial Ratios Derived from Balance Sheet Data
4. The Income Statement
1. Financial Ratios Derived from Income Statement Data
2. Linking the Balance Sheet, Income Statement, and Capital
Transactions
5. Traditional Cost Accounting
1. Direct and Indirect Costs
2. Indirect Cost Allocation
3. Problems with Traditional Cost Accounting
4. Other Problems to Watch For
6. SUMMARY
7. PROBLEMS
19. APPENDIX A
20. APPENDIX B
21. APPENDIX C
22. APPENDIX D
23. APPENDIX E
24. PHOTO CREDITS
25. REFERENCES
26. INDEX
PREFACE
Our goal has been, and still is, to provide an easy-to-understand and up-to-
date presentation of engineering economic analysis for today’s students. That
means the book’s writing style must promote the reader’s understanding. We
humbly note that our approach has been well received by engineering
professors—and more importantly, by engineering students through multiple
editions.
Since it was first published, this text has become the market-leading book for
the engineering economy course. It has always been characterized by
LA TRANCHÉE
LES BALLES
LE POÈTE
Le Christ n'est donc venu qu'en vain parmi les hommes
Si des fleuves de sang limitent les royaumes
Et même de l'Amour on sait la cruauté
C'est pourquoi faut au moins penser à la Beauté
Seule chose ici-bas qui jamais n'est mauvaise
Elle porte cent noms dans la langue française
Grâce Vertu Courage Honneur et ce n'est là
Que la même Beauté
LA FRANCE
Poète honore-la
Souci de la Beauté non souci de la Gloire
Mais la Perfection n'est-ce pas la Victoire
LE POÈTE
17 décembre 1915
CHEF DE SECTION
LA VICTOIRE
On imagine difficilement
À quel point le succès rend les gens stupides et tranquilles
Écoutez la mer
LA JOLIE ROUSSE
TABLE
ONDES
LIENS
LES FENÊTRES
PAYSAGE
LES COLLINES
ARBRE
LUNDI RUE CHRISTINE
LETTRE-OCÉAN
SUR LES PROPHÉTIES
LE MUSICIEN DE SAINT-MERRY
LA CRAVATE ET LA MONTRE
UN FANTOME DE NUÉES
CŒUR COURONNE ET MIROIR
TOUR
VOYAGE
À TRAVERS L'EUROPE
IL PLEUT
ÉTENDARDS
LA PETITE AUTO
LA MANDOLINE l'ŒILLET ET LE BAMBOU
FUMÉE
À NÎMES
LA COLOMBE POIGNARDÉE ET LE JET D'EAU
2e CANONNIER CONDUCTEUR
VEILLE
OMBRE
C'EST LOU QU'ON LA NOMMAIT
CASE D'ARMONS
LOIN DU PIGEONNIER
RECONNAISSANCE
S. P.
VISÉE
1915
CARTE POSTALE
SAILLANT
GUERRE
MUTATION
ORACLES
14 JUIN 1915
DE LA BATTERIE DE TIR
ÉCHELON
VERS LE SUD
LES SOUPIRS DU SERVANT DE DAKAR
TOUJOURS
FÊTE
MADELEINE
LES SAISONS
VENU DE DIEUZE
LA NUIT D'AVRIL 1915
LA GRACE EXILÉE
LA BOUCLE RETROUVÉE
REFUS DE LA COLOMBE
LES FEUX DU BIVOUAC
LES GRENADINES REPENTANTES
TOURBILLON DE MOUCHES
L'ADIEU DU CAVALIER
LE PALAIS DU TONNERRE
PHOTOGRAPHIE
L'INSCRIPTION ANGLAISE
DANS L'ABRI-CAVERNE
FUSÉE
DÉSIR
CHANT DE L'HORIZON EN CHAMPAGNE
OCÉAN DE TERRE
MERVEILLE DE LA GUERRE
EXERCICE
À L'ITALIE
LA TRAVERSÉE
IL Y A
L'ESPIONNE
LE CHANT D'AMOUR
AUSSI BIEN QUE LES CIGALES
SIMULTANÉITÉS
DU COTON DANS LES OREILLES
LA TÊTE ÉTOILÉE
LE DÉPART
LE VIGNERON CHAMPENOIS
CARTE POSTALE
ÉVENTAIL DES SAVEURS
SOUVENIRS
L'AVENIR
UN OISEAU CHANTE
CHEVAUX DE FRISE
CHANT DE L'HONNEUR
CHEF DE SECTION
TRISTESSE D'UNE ÉTOILE
LA VICTOIRE
LA JOLIE ROUSSE
002—Lettre-océan
[Première image]
Juan Aldama
Correos
Mexico
4 centavos
U.S. Postage
2 cents 2
[au centre]
Ypiranga
Republica Mexicana
Tarjeta Postal
[à droite]
11.45
29-5
14
Rue des Batignolles
[motif circulaire, centre]
Sur la rive gauche devant le pont d'Iéna
[motif circulaire, rayons]
TSF
[bas de l'image]
[Deuxième image]
[cravate]
mon cœur
les yeux
l'enfant
Agla
la main
Tircis
semaine
l'infini redressé par un fous de philosophe
les Muses aux portes de ton corps
le bel inconnu
et le vers dantesque luisant et cadavérique
les heures
[aiguilles]
Il est – 5
Et tout sera fini
[cœur]
Les rois qui meurent tour à tour renaissent au cœur des poètes
[miroir]
Dans ce miroir je suis enclos vivant et vrai comme on imagine les anges
et non comme sont les reflets
Guillaume Apollinaire
005—Voyage
[nuage]
télégraphe
oiseau qui laisse tomber
ses ailes partout
[train]
006—Il pleut
Il pleut des voix de femmes comme si elles étaient mortes même dans
le souvenir c'est vous aussi qu'il pleur merveilleuses rencontres de
ma vie ô gouttelettes et ces nuages cabrés se prennent à hennir tout
comme un univers de villes auriculaires écoute s'il pleut tandis que
le regret et le dédain pleurent une ancienne musique écoute tomber les
liens qui te retiennent en haut et en bas
[la mandoline]
comme la balle à travers le corps le son traverse la vérité car la raison
c'est ton art femme
o batailles la terre tremble comme une ma[n]doline
[l'œillet]
Que cet œillet te dise la loi des odeurs qu'on n'a pas encore promulguée
et qui viendra un jour régner sur nos cerveaux bien + précise &
+ subtile que les sons qui nous dirigent
Je préfère ton nez à tous tes organes ô mon amie
Il est le trône de la future sagesse
[le bambou]
[colombe]
[trompette]
Sacré nom de Dieu quelle allure nom de Dieu quelle allure cependant
que la nuit descend
[Notre-Dame]
salut monde dont je suis la langue éloquente que sa bouche ô Paris tire
et tirera toujours aux Allemands
[obus]
011—Loin du pigeonnier
Et vous savez pourquoi
Pourquoi la chère couleuvre
Se love de la mer jusqu'à l'espoir attendrissant de l'Est
Xexaèdres
barbelés
mais un secret
collines bleues
en sentinelle
Malourène 75 Canteraine
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Dans la Forêt où nous chantons
012—S.P.
013—Visée
014—1915
1915
soldats de faïence et d'escarboucle
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015—Carte postale
016—Saillant
Salut le Rapace
Salut
[à droite]
grain de blé
[fin du poème]
Lou
Lou Verzy
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017—Échelon
[à gauche]
Le Ciel
Coquelicots
Flacon au col d'or
On a pendu la mort
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018—Madeleine
[étoile]
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018—Venu de Dieuze
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[ficelle]
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Qui vive
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Avance au ralliement
Halte là
Le Mot
Claire-Ville-Neuve-En-Cristal-Eternel
[portée]
forte s'allantanado
funambule des lianes du printemps
tu assassines les arbres qui sont tes G.V.C.
La poule d'eau caquète et plonge à ton approche
Cantato
Ah ! mon Dieu m' quiot' fille
L'hommé qu' j'ai
C'est eun' mouq' dans d' l'huile
Tout à fouait
Couple des marais les turquoises
Hennissements partout
Amour sacré amour de la Patrie
Le général
Il était Antisthène et c'était Fabius
019—Aussi bien que les cigales
[première page]
[coiffure]
Attols singuliers
de brownings quel
goût de vivre Ah !
[œil gauche]
Des lacs versicolores
dans les glaciers solaires
[œil droit]
1 tout petit oiseau qui n'a pas de queue et qui s'envole quand on lui en met
une
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