Biological Forum – An International Journal 13(3): 476-482(2021)

ISSN No. (Print): 0975-1130

ISSN No. (Online): 2249-3239
Nanoparticles as Nano-priming Agent for Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity
against Plant Pathogens
Pranab Dutta1*, Gitashree Das2, Sarodee Boruah3, Arti Kumari4, Madhusmita Mahanta5, Alinaj Yasin6,
Anwesha Sharma6 and Lipa Deb4
1
Associate Professor, School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences,
Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umiam, Meghalaya-793103, India.
2
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Plant Pathology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam-785013, India.
3
Subject Matter Specialist, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tinsukia, Assam Agricultural University, Tinsukia, Assam, India.
4
Ph.D. Scholar, School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences,
Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umiam, Meghalaya-793103, India.
5
Project Assistant, School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences,
Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umiam, Meghalaya-793103, India.
6
PG Scholar, School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences,
Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umiam, Meghalaya-793103, India.
(Corresponding author: Pranab Dutta*)
(Received 07 June 2021, Accepted 13 August, 2021)
(Published by Research Trend, Website: www.researchtrend.net)
ABSTRACT: Engineered nanoparticles have become important in the areas of nanotechnology which entered
into all aspects of human life now-a-days. In field of agriculture also, nanotechnology has been used.
Nanoparticles have promising solution over traditional agricultural practices. In seed technology long term
storage and field stand are the major challenges which is very difficult to handle. Seeds nanopriming
enhances seed germination and improves crop productivity. It also improves the biochemical parameters of
the seeds. Nanoparticles also have antifungal and antibacterial activity against many fungal and bacterial
plant pathogens. In this article we reviewed the importance of nanopriming for better plant health
management. In this review article emphasis has been given on the how the nanoparticle can be better used
for as priming agents for better seed storage, field stand without any negative effect on the biochemical
parameters. The recent achievement on use of nanoparticle as nanopriming agent with antimicrobial
activities has been reviewed.
Keywords: Antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, nanopriming, nanotechnology
INTRODUCTION Nanotechnology has been also used in the field of
agriculture. It is used in controlling the plant pathogens
Nanotechnology is the combination of different
for which the productivity and production is reduced
disciplines of art and science. In this science, scientist
every year worldwide due to plant diseases. Widely
design, characterize, produce of structures, devices and
pesticides cause the environmental hazards due to
systems by controlling shape and size on the nanoscale
which the researchers developed a new technology,
as per the need of its application (Dutta and Kaman,
named as “nanotechnology” to manage pathogens (Jo et
2017). Generally useful materials are created at
al., 2009). Nanotechnology has a potential to improve
nanoscale with novel properties (physical, chemical,
the farm productivity and it can minimise the cost of
biological) at that scale. In recent years, the science is
resources and environment that are related to
considered as emerging as innovative technology
agricultural sectors (Dutta, 2012). Nanomaterials can be
where the scientist with expertise in physics, chemistry,
used in different areas of agriculture. It can be useful
biology, material science and medicine are work
for crop improvement, management of water and weed,
together with a definite goal.
seed and food technology etc.
Now-a days, engineered nanoparticles become most
important index in the area of nanotechnology which A. Nanopriming
has entered into all aspects of human life and their Agriculture and food sector are related to human life
various applications that can be quickly expanded as and therefore now-a-days, the use of nanotechnology
compared to bulk materials due to their new has become important in agriculture sector and
characteristics. There are many reports in which it is promising solution over traditional agricultural
stated that biological processes have been improved by practices. It also improves crop productivity and
using engineered nanoparticles (Husen and Siddiqui, quality. Seed nanopriming increases crop productivity
2014). in field condition (Shukla, 2019). It also enhances seed
Dutta et al., Biological Forum – An International Journal 13(3): 476-482(2021) 476
germination, increase all physiological parameters both NPs at optimised dose level can be used as co-fertilizers
in storage and in field condition. to improve the chickpea growth in lower concentration.
“Nanopriming” is a new method of seed priming in Prazak et al., (2020) reported that under normal and
field of agriculture where nanoparticles like Zinc chill temperature silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have
Oxide, silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles etc. are positive effect on germination, field emergence and
used. Seed nanopriming is done to improve germination physiological parameters of two variety of bean namely
percentage, seedling growth and increasing seedling Bali and Delfina. AgNPs solution was applied as a
vigour index in the field of agriculture. short-term pre-sowing treatment at a concentration of
Nanopriming was significant on germination of 0.25, 1.25 and 2.5 mg dm-3 along with the microbial
sunflower. The sunflower seeds were treated for 10 and agent Nitragina which contains Rhizobium
20 minute with nanoparticles. Then the seeds were kept leguminosarum pv. phaseoli. Lower concentration of
in a petriplates for germination. After 8 days, AgNPs have beneficial effect on seed germination and
germination percentage was recorded and found that physiological parameters in both laboratory and field
seeds treated for 20 minutes achieved highest condition. Black gram seeds priming with Zinc oxide
germination percentage, seedling dry weight and (ZnO) and Copper (Cu) nanoparticles improves the
seedling vigour index as compared to 10 minutes seed quality (Raja et al., 2019).
treated seeds and control. Hence, it was concluded that Seed priming with 60 ppm titanium dioxide can
germination percentage of seeds increased with effectively enhance the seed germination and plant
increasing nanopriming time (Maroufi et al., 2011). growth parameters maize seedling under abiotic stress
Nano iron- chelated fertilizer increased the seed number condition like salinity stress. The growth parameters
per pod, pod number per plant, 100 seed weight and and relative water content, biochemical parameters like
grain yield of chickpea as compared to control by 17, total phenolic and proline contents, catalase (CAT),
48, 13 and 65% respectively. Seed priming with Zn, Fe phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) etc were found
and Ca increases the 100 seed weight and grain of significantly increased and on the other hand sodium
chickpea than non- priming seeds (Valadkhan et al., ion concentration, mean emergence time, membrane
2015). electrolyte leakage and melondialdehyde were
Nanopriming with gold nanoparticles at a concentration decreased when titanium dioxide was used as priming
of 5 ppm helps to activate maize seed germination and agents as compared to control under salinity stress
promotes emergence percentage as compared to (Shah et al., 2020).
unprimed control and hydroprimed groups (56%) with Using biosynthesized Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles
3 times more seedling vigour than the control as a nanopriming agent can significantly enhance the
(Mahakham et al., 2016). Husen and Siddiqi (2014) germination per cent of seed and growth parameters of
reported that nanopriming with engineered maize than ionic control (Zinc acetate) and
nanoparticles helps in increasing the biological process hydropriming. ZnO nanoparticles was absorbed on the
of plants. endosperm region of the seed which was revealed by
Krishnaraj et al., (2012) reported that ZnO NP treated HR-SEM analysis. ZnO NP can reduce the Zn
seeds showed increased germination per cent which deficiency and improves the agronomic characters of
may be due to stimulation of antioxidants system. the maize seeds (Itroutwar et al., 2020).
Increased plant growth parameter like root and shoot
B. Antifungal and antibacterial effect of nanoparticles
length, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots in ZnO
In three types of media, 3 types of nanosilver liquid
NP @100 ppm treated plants were also reported by
(WA-CV-WA13B, WA-AT-WB13R and WA-PR-
Kaushik, (2019).
WB13R) were used against Sclerotium cepivorum
ZnO NP has positive impact on seed germination,
which causes white rot of green onion in different
seedling vigour and growth of tomato at 400 ppm
concentration as reported by Jung et al., (2010). The
(Khanm et al., 2018). Zafar et al., (2016) reported that
results showed that all nanosilver liquid inhibit the
treatment with ZnO NP increase the biochemical
pathogen more than 90% at a concentration of 7 ppm.
parameters in Brassica nigra seedlings. Mohsenzadeh
In in vivo, it showed that nanosilver liquid developed
and Moosavian (2017) showed that ZnO NP can
the plant growth by increasing the biomass and dry
increase the amount of soluble sugar in treated plant as
weights and it decreases the population of pathogen in
compared to that of control.
soil.
Pawar et al., (2019) reported that iron oxide
Spherical silver nanoparticles of size 10, 20, 40 nm
nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) enhanced the seedling
have antifungal effect against Tricophyton rubrum and
growth of chickpea of variety Digvijay. Seeds were
some fungus like Aspergillus, Candida and Albicance
primed with iron oxide nanoparticles with different
as reported by Aghamoosa and Sabokbar (2014).
concentration ranging from 4 to 16 microgram/ml and
Alananbeh et al., (2017) studied the effect of Ag
starch was taken as a coating agents. Primed seeds were
nanoparticles on fungi isolated from raw and waste
air dried and later used to study the seedling growth by
water. In this study, they have collected the water from
using paper towel method for in vitro as well as in vivo.
2 sources: home and hospital, additionally bottled water
The growth parameters like root length , shoot length
and autoclave distilled water was used as a control.
etc were considered as crucial indicators. These growth
Fungi were isolated from the sample of water and
parameters indicates that seeds enhanced in lower
purified on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Eight genera
concentration upto 12 microgram/ml and inhibits
and nine species of fungal were identified: Aspergillus
further growth at higher concentration. Hence, Fe2O3
Dutta et al., Biological Forum – An International Journal 13(3): 476-482(2021) 477
flavus, A. niger, A. terreus, Fusarium oxysporum, F. asahii was minimum at a concentration of 0.15µg/ml
solani, Geotrichum candidum, Mucor hiemalis, and based on electron microscopy,silver nanoparticles
Penicillium chrysogenum, Rhizopus oryzae, permits the funal cell and damage the cell wall and
Trichoderma harizianum and Trichophyton sp. cellular components of Trichosporon asahii (Xia et al.,
Aspergillus sp were found to be highest and selected for 2016).
further experiment. On Aspergillus niger and Ouda (2014) studied the inhibitory properties of silver
Aspergillus terrus, silver nanoparticles of rod shaped nanoparticles against Alternaria alternata and Botrytis
and cube shaped were tested at a concentration of 1, 10 cinerea at various concentration. The result revealed
100µg/ ml. Results showed that increase in that silver nanoparticles have highest inhibitory growth
concentration of silver nanoparticles, reduced the at a concentration of 15 mg L-1. Microscopic
gradual growth of both the Aspergillus sp. It was found observation shows that silver nanoparticles damage the
that Aspergillus terrus have higher reduction as effect of fungal hyphae and conidia. AgNPs also
compared to Aspergillus niger. reduced the effect of sugar, protein of both the
The antimicrobial activity of two bio- synthesized NPs pathogen.
i.e., gold and silver were studies against four human Dimkpa et al., (2013) studied the potentiality of ZnO
pathogens viz. Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, nanoparticles (NPs) and bacterial biocontrol agent
Staphyllococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger. It was against growth of F. graminearum. In this study
found that biogenic Ag nanoparticles showed a strong significant fungal growth inhibition was observed
antimicrobial activity against B. cereus followed by E. which was caused by ZnO NPs and inhibition per cent
coli, S. aureus and A. niger as 26.13, 26.02, 25.43 and was better than micro-sized particles of ZnO. From this
22.69 respectively (Bhuyan et al., 2017). They also study it was understand that though both types of
reported that silver NPs may be due the their small size particles released similar levels of soluble Zn but
(5–25 nm) could easily penetrated into the cell toxicity capacity is dependant on the size of the
membrane and there by cause disturbance of the particles.
metabolism, cause irretrievable damage and ultimately Yehia et al., (2013) studied the antifungal activity of
leads to cell death. But, the biogenically synthesized ZnO NPs against F. oxysporum and P. expansum and
gold nanoparticles didn't show any antimicrobial found that the antifungal activity is concentration
activity dependent. They found highest mycelial growth
In another study Das and Dutta (2021) evaluated inhibition at 12 mg L−1, with 77% and 100% mycelial
Trichoderma asperellum mediated Ag and Au growth inhibition for F. oxysporum and P. expansum,
nanoparticles as antifungal activity against the fungal respectively.
pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani causing sheath blight of George et al., (2014) studied the anti-fungal activity of
rice. The nanoparticles were tested at 6 different ZnO and TiO2NPs against the fungal pathogens like
concentration (viz., 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 200 ppm) and Aspergillus niger, Trichophyton, Fonsecaea,
compared with the chemical. Result showed that Ag NP Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus oryzae, Fusarium,
at 200 ppm showed maximum radial growth inhibition Ramichloridium schulzeri and Cladosporium, on agar
per cent with 73.39%. Au nanoparticle at 200 ppm and in broth media and comparison was made with two
caused a 60.83% inhibition of the pathogen. Electron common antifungal compounds Amphotericin-B and
microscopy study showed that Ag NP accumulate Miconazole. They reported that both the nanoparticles
inside the fungal cells thereby cause distortion of fungal were highly effective than the bulk-particles and as
cells leading to death of the pathogen and found as efficient as Amphotericin-B. But, at equal dose
these as the main mode of action. While studying the Miconazole was found to have a better anti-fungal
effect of Ag NP at 200 and 100 ppm on sclerotia it was activity. While comparison was made it was found that
found that Ag nanoparticle caused complete inhibition ZnO NPs better anti-fungal than TiO2.
of germination of sclerotia of R. solani. In pot Boruah and Dutta (2021) synthesized chitosan
experiment, Ag NP at 200 ppm showed increased the nanoparticles from a fungal pathogen viz., Fusarium
plant growth parameters with 20.00% reduction of oxysporum, and three fungal bioconbtrol agents, viz.,
disease incidence as compared to control R. solani Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and
where they recorded 88.00% disease incidence with Trichoderma viride and from a commercial source of
increased the concentration of vital secondary chitosan. Studies on characterization of the synthesized
metabolites like phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids and NPs showed absorption peaks at the range of 310.02 to
total soluble sugars in the Ag nanoparticle treated pot. 342.00 nm in UV–VIS spectroscopy study. Presence of
While studying the effect of fungus mediated silver OH, N–H, C–H, C=O, C–O, C–N and P=O were
nanoparticles against inoculum, biomass and protein confirmed by FTIR study which are considered as the
content of Fusarium oxysporum Dutta et al., (2020) functional groups of chitosan nanoparticle. The NPs
found significant reduction of inoculum concentration, were found to have positive charge and were found
biomass and protein content of the pathogen and stable in nature with nearly spherical in shape (as
thereby causing death of the fungus. comfirmed electron microscopy study). The average
Silver nanoparticles have antifungal activity against size of the chitosan nanoparticles were found as 273.20,
Trichosporon asahii. They studied the growth of 172.50, 78.36, 89.03 and 300.10 nm for F. oxysporum,
Trichosporon asahii against different concentration of M. anisopliae, B. bassiana, T. viride and commercial
silver nanoparticles. Result revealed that inhibitory products respectively. The synthesized chitosan
growth of silver nanoparticles against Trichosporon nanoparticles were found to be highly compatible with
Dutta et al., Biological Forum – An International Journal 13(3): 476-482(2021) 478
T. Asperellum at the three different tested dosage. respectively. The overall experiment summerized that,
While studying the in vitro efficacy three soil borne ZnO have anti C. albicans activity and it can be used
plant pathogens viz., against Fusarium oxysporum, for treating of the infections disease caused by C.
Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii, the albicans but further in vivo investigation in needed.
combination of T. asperellum and chitosan nanoparticle Jo et al., (2009) reported that Ag ions and NPs have
was found as the best treatment combination for in antifungal activity against Magnaporthe grisea and
inhibiting the suppression of radial growth of the Bipolaris sorokiniana. In in vitro assays, the
pathogens as compared to Trichoderma alone and at nanoparticles showed significant effect on colony
0.1% carbendazim. formation against both pathogens.
Goswami et al. (2020) studied the antifungal efficacy of Qi et al., (2004) reported that chitosan NPs and Cu-
biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (BSNPs) against the loaded NPs can inhibit the growth of various bacteria
pathogen causing crown rot and anthracnose of banana namely, E. coli, S. aureus, S. tymphimurium and S.
caused by Colletotrichum musae at different choleraesius. Ag NPs, synthesized from gallic acid
concentrations (0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.1% and aqueous solution with different sizes (7,29 and 89 nm
0.2%) and compared with chemical fungicide mean value) have antibacterial activity. The
(Carbendazim @ 0.1%). BSNPs at a concentration of antibacterial activity varies with the size dimensions of
0.2 per cent effectively inhibited radial growth of the the nanoparticles (Martínez-Castañon et al., 2008).
pathogen. The effect of BSNPs against anthracnose and Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have antibacterial
crown rot diseases of banana was also studied by activity on E. coli. AgNPs can harm the bacterial
undertaking five treatment combinations. Among all the structure and slow down the activity of some
treatments, pre harvest spray of 0.2 per cent BSNP one membranous enzyme (Li et al., 2010). Kaviya et al.,
week prior to harvest alongwith hands dip treatment of (2011) reported that biosynthesis of AgNPs from Citrus
harvested banana fruits in BSNPs for 10 min was best sinensis peel extract have antibacterial activity against
for anthracnose disease with a per cent disease index E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus
(PDI) of 51.72 against 97.17 in control after 15 days of aureus. Synthesis of AgNPs was done at room
harvest. In case of crown rot, highest PDI of 94.38 was temperature (25°C) and formation of silver
recorded in control against 56.90 in the same treatment nanoparticles was confirmed by using TEM, FESEM,
with BSNPs for 10 min was best for anthracnose EDAX, RTIR, XRD and UV-vis analysis.
disease with a per cent disease index (PDI) of 51.72 as Emami- Karvani et al., (2011) reported the
against 97.17 in control after 15 days of harvest. In case antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs against gram-
of crown rot, highest PDI of 94.38 was recorded in positive and gram-negative bacteria. E. coli and S.
control against 56.90 in the same treatment with 0.2 per aureus were taken to test against ZnO by disc and well
cent of BSNPs . The highest shelf life of 15 days after diffusion agar method and result showed that gram-
harvest was recorded when banana fruits were treated negative bacteria was seemed to be more resistant to
with 0.2 per cent of BSNPs both as pre-harvest spray ZnO than gram-positive bacteria.
and post-harvest application against 8 days in control. Chidambaram et al., (2012), synthesized Au NPs using
Spraying of recommended dose of Carbendazim (0.1%) aqueous extract of seed of Abelmoschus esculentus and
can increase the shelf life of banana fruits upto 14 days characterized for crystallinity, shape, size, potentiality,
only. charge functional groups, etc. Antifungal activity of Au
Pegu et al., (2019) studied the effect of chemically NPs were tested against Puccinia graministritci,
synthesized Zinc Oxide nanoparticle as nano priming Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Candida
agents to improve the field performance of direct albicans using standard well diffusion method. Au NPs
seeded rice for early seedling vigour and improvement causes highest zone of inhibition against P. graminis
in yield. They reported highest spikelet fertility and C. albicans with 17 mm and 18 mm respectively.
(82.17%), seedling vigour index (3479.16), seedling Shabani et al., (2016), synthesized Au NPs, spherical in
height (42.15 cm), Chl a (9.73), Chl b (3.89), pollen shape, from Fusarium oxysporum with an average size
fertility (90.13%) etc. with ZnO an nanopriming agent. of 20 nm determined by scanning and transmission
Kaushik and Dutta, 2017; Dutta et al., 2021 during their electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering and
study on efficacy of ZnO particle found effective result found antifungal properties against human pathogenic
in suppressing the mycelial growth of Sclerotinia yeasts and molds by inhibition zones ranged from 10 to
scleritiorum and Rhizoctonia solani at 50, 100 and 200 18 mm.
ppm concentration. Savi et al., (2012), studied the antifungal activitiy of Au
Karimiyan et al., (2015) studied the antifungal effects NPs against three pathogenic fungi, Fusarium
of ZnO NPs by investigating in vitro against the verticillioides, Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus
pathogen Candida albicans and this NPs was compared flavus at a concentration of 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg L-1,
with amphotericin B. Minimum inhibitory which was evaluated at 2, 4, 6 and 8 days after
concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal incubation and found that with the increased in
concentration (MFC) of these nano-particles were concentration, the diameter of the fungal colony was
evaluated. Acetic acid solution was prepared from the decreased.
suspension of nanoparticles. Results showed that MIC
C. Mode of action of gold nanoparticle
and MFC of nano-ZnO was recorded 200 µgmL-1 and
Wani and Ahmad (2013), reported that Au NPs can
400 µgmL-1, respectively. The MIC and MFC of
cause intracellular acidification due to inhibition of H+-
amphotericin B was 0.5 µgmL-1 and 2 µgmL-1,
Dutta et al., Biological Forum – An International Journal 13(3): 476-482(2021) 479
ATPase activity ultimately leading to death. On the Chandran et al., (2015) studied the effect of chitosan
other hand Tiwari and Lee (2013) reported that Au NPs nanoparticle on innate immune responses in Camellia
attaches itself to the membrane of bacteria and the sinensis plants. They found that upon treating the leaves
integrity of cell is disturbed. It also alters the membrane with nanoparticle, there was an increase in the activity
potential by deterring the activity of ATPase enzyme of defence enzyme i.e., increase in accumulation of PO
resulting in lower concentration of ATP inside the cell (Perioxidase), β-1, 3-glucanase, PPO (Poly Phenol
and also disrupts the translation process by preventing Oxidase) and PAL (Phenylalanine ammonia lyase) as
the binding of tRNA to the ribosomal subunits (Cui et compared to treatment with chitosan. Antioxidant
al., 2012) enzyme like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase
Au NPs cause outflow of the contents of the cell and (CAT) were found to increase by 41% to 49% in case
subsequently increasing the permeability of the cell of chitosan nanoparticle treatment whereas 33% to 40%
wall due to creation of holes in it and ultimately death increase was recorded when plants were treated with
of bacteria and also prevents transcription to occur by chitosan alone. The recorded 3.5% higher induction of
binding with the DNA (Rai et al ., 2010) phenol content in the leaves treated with chitosan NPs
Yu et al., (2016), reported that Au NPs do not allow the than chitosan. Similarly flavonoid content was also
formation of bacterial biofilm which is essential for its found to be increased in the chitosan nanoparticle
pathogenicity and directed the stimulation of immune treated leaves as compared to chitosan. Transcript
response-related genes. Another study conducted by analysis showed higher expression of PPO, β-1, 3-
Vijaykumar and Ganesan in 2012 reported that Au NPs glucanase, PAL and TLP genes in chitosan NPs treated
bind with gp 120, a glycoprotein and prevent the leaves than that treated with chitosan. Also they found
attachment to CD4 receptor of the virus, thereby higher levels of PO generation in both the chitosan and
preventing its entry. When Au NPs interact with virus chitosan NPs treated leaves compared to the untreated
cell, they create pressure that destroy the shape of the leaves.
virus cells, deforms it and opens it rendering it
CONCLUSION
harmless. Against viral pathogens Au NPs block the
viral infection by stopping its entry, its attachment to Nanopriming reduced the difference between the time
the host cells and cell to cell movement (Baram -Pinto of sowing and seedling emergence and improve the
et al ., 2010). germination rate and total germination percentage.
Priming with nanoparticles can also increase the shoot
D. Role of nanoparticle on biochemical defence
and root length, improve fresh and dry weight.
mechanisms of plants
Nanoparticles are also have a great potential against
Literature related to role of nanoparticle on biochemical
fungal and bacterial pathogen. It can inhibit or suppress
defence mechanisms of plants on Au NPs is rare.Yasur
the growth of fungi and bacteria in both in vitro and in
and Rani (2013) studied the impact application of
vivo condition. In the future the cited work can utilized
AgNPs and AgNO3 on seed germination, growth
by the research scholar and scientific community for the
parameters of castor bean, Ricinus communis. No
better management of seed related problem with better
significant effects on seedling growth even at 4,000 mg
plant stand in the field condition.
L-1 of AgNPs, while in bulk form of Ag as AgNO3
inhibited the seed germination of castor. Through Acknowledgment: The author acknowledges the
atomic absorption spectroscopy the uptake of Ag in authority of AAU, Jorhat, Assam and CAU( Imphal) for
seedlings of the castor seeds was confirmed. An the guidance, encouragement and support for writing
enhanced enzymatic activity of ROS enzymes and the review article.
phenolic content in castor seedlings was observed Conflict of interest: There is no conflict of interest
AgNPS and AgNO3 treated plants. Besides, enhanced among the authors
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How to cite this article: Dutta, P., Das, G., Boruah, S., Kumari, A., Mahanta, M., Yasin, A., Sharma, A. and Deb, L (2021).
Nanoparticles as Nano-priming Agent for Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity against Plant Pathogens. Biological Forum – An
International Journal, 13(3): 476-482.

Dutta et al., Biological Forum – An International Journal 13(3): 476-482(2021) 482