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Chapter 4 TCP-IP Slides

The document provides an overview of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) model, comparing it with the OSI model and detailing its four layers: Network Interface, Internet, Transport, and Application. It identifies common TCP and UDP default ports and discusses various protocols such as FTP, SFTP, SMTP, and Telnet, along with their functionalities. Additionally, it covers data encapsulation processes and the role of protocols like ARP and ICMP in network communication.

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retselisitsoemonyatsi
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8 views

Chapter 4 TCP-IP Slides

The document provides an overview of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) model, comparing it with the OSI model and detailing its four layers: Network Interface, Internet, Transport, and Application. It identifies common TCP and UDP default ports and discusses various protocols such as FTP, SFTP, SMTP, and Telnet, along with their functionalities. Additionally, it covers data encapsulation processes and the role of protocols like ARP and ICMP in network communication.

Uploaded by

retselisitsoemonyatsi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Welcome

TCP/IP

Introduction to the Transmission


Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
Objectives

▪ Compare Layers of the OSI and TCP/IP models


▪ TCP/IP model:
▪ Network Interface Layer
▪ Internet Layer
▪ Transport Layer
▪ Application Layer
▪ Identify common TCP and UDP default ports
▪ SMTP – 25, HTTP – 80 ,HTTPS – 443
▪ FTP – 20, 21, TELNET – 23,IMAP – 143
▪ RDP – 3389,SSH-22,DNS-53,DHCP-67,68
Introduction TCP/IP

▪ The transmission control protocol /Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)


first came on the 1974 .
▪ In 1978 it was divided into two distinct protocols. TCP and IP.
The DoD Model
▪ The DoD model is basically a condensed version of the OSI
model, it’s composed of four instead of seven layers.
▪ Process/Application layers
Common Network Devices
▪ Host to Host layer
▪ Internet Layers
▪ Network Access layers
The DoD and OSI models
• The Host to Host layer parallels the functions of
the OSI’s Transport layer , defining protocols for
setting up the level of transmission service for
applications .
• The internet layer corresponds to the OSI’s
Network layer , designing the protocols relating
to the logical transmission of packets over the
entire networks .
• The Network Access layer monitors the data
exchange between the host and the network.
• The equivalent of the Data Link and Physical layers of
the OSI model.
• The network Access layers oversees hardware
addressing and defines protocols for the physical
transmission of data.
• The Dod and OSI models are alike a in design and
concept and have similar functions in similar layers.
TCP/IP MODEL
• Telnet is a protocols that allows a user to access a
remote client machine called the Telnet server .
• Telnet offers no security or encryption and is being
replaced by Secure Shell(SSH) when across the remote
File Transfer Protocol
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is the protocol that
actually lets you transfer files across an IP
network and it can accomplish this between any
two machines that are using it.
• FTP is not just protocol but it also a program .
Operating as a protocol, FTP is used by
applications.
Secure File Transfer Protocol
• Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) is used when you
need to transfer files over an encrypted connection.
• It uses an SSH session that encrypts the connection.
Apart from secure part, it’s used just as FTP
• Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is the stripped –
down , stock version of FTP. It is a very simple client-
server protocol, which manages file transfers in
computer networks–it’s easy to use and it’s faster.
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is defined as an
email protocol that enables the transmission of emails
among user accounts over an internet connection.
Post Office Protocol
• It gives us a storage facility for incoming mail, and the
latest version is called ESMTP
Protocols along with Port Numbers
TCP UDP
Telnet 23 SNMP 161
SMTP 25 TFTP 69
HTTP 80 DNS 53
FTP 20,21 BOOTPS/DHCP 6
DNS 53
HTTPS
SSH
POP3 110
NTP 123
IMAP4 143
Features of TCP and UDP
TCP Segment Format
UDP Segment Format
Protocols at Internet Layer
• Internet Protocol (IP)
• Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
• Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
• Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)
• Proxy ARP
IP HEADER
Characteristics of ICMP
• They can provide hosts with information about
network problems.
• They are encapsulated within IP datagrams

Destination Unreachable: A message that will be


sent back to the sender by ICMP when a destination
device is not reachable.
ARP
• Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), is a protocol
that finds the hardware address (MAC) of a host
from a known IP address.
Data Encapsulation
• User information is converted to data for transmission on the
network.
• Data is converted to segments, and a reliable connection is set
up between the transmitting and receiving hosts.
• Segments are converted to packets or datagrams, and a logical
address is placed in the header so each packet can be routed
through an internetwork.
• Packets or datagrams are converted to frames for transmission
on the local network. Hardware (Ethernet) addresses are used
to uniquely identify hosts on a local network segment.
• Frames are converted to bits, and then to digital encoding
Data Encapsulation
Thank you !

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