GROUP PRESENTAION FOR THE COURSE COM 114 (BINARY NUMBER )

BY

GROUP A MEMBERS

PRESENTATION TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER

SCIENCE,KANO POLYTECHNY, KANO, NIGERIA

2022/2023 SESSION

30TH MARCH, 2023

 GROUP MEMBERS

NUMB NAMES LEADER

ER

1 MUSBAHU MUHAMMAD MEMBER

2 MUHAMMAD ABDUAHI MEMBER

3 ABDURRAHMAN SALISU INDABAWA MEMBER

4 YUSUF AUWAL SULAIMAN MEMBER

5 HUZAIFA SANUSI BALARABE MEMBER

6 ABUBAKAR AMINU YAHYAH MEMBER

7 IBRAHIM DANJUMA MEMBER

8 SAFIYA MUHAMMAD KAMIL MEMBER

9 BILKISU MUHAMMAD MEMBER

10 ABUBAKAR ABDULLAHI ADAM MEMBER

INTRODUCTION.

The modern binary number system was studied in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries by Thomas
Harriot, Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz, and Gottfried Leibniz. However, systems related to binary numbers
have appeared earlier in multiple cultures including ancient Egypt, China, and India. Leibniz was
specifically inspired by the Chinese I Ching.

Binary describe a numbering scheme in which there are only two possible values for each digit 0 or 1
and is the basis for all binary code used in computing system.

Binary is the only language understand by computer and translated by the machine language which
contains 0 and 1.

A binary number is a number expressed in the base-2 numeral system or binary numeral system, a
method of mathematical expression which uses only two symbols: typically "0" (zero) and "1" (one

The term binary also refers to any digital encoding/decoding system in which there are exactly two
possible states. In digital data memory, storage, processing and communications, the 0 and 1 values are
sometimes called low and high, respectively. In transistors, 1 refers to a flow of electricity, while 0
represents no flow of electricity.

Since the binary system uses only two digits or bits and represents numbers using varying patterns of 1s
and 0s, it is known as a base-2 system. Here, 1 refers to "on" or "true," while 0 refers to "off" or "false."

In contrast, the decimal numbering system is a base-10 system, where each possible place in a number
can be one of 10 digits (0-9). In a multidigit number, the rightmost digit is in the first place, the digit next
to it on the left is in 10th place, the digit further left is in 100th place and so on.

The importance of binary code

The binary number system is the base of all computing systems and operations. It enables devices to
store, access and manipulate all types of information directed to and from the CPU or memory. This
makes it possible to develop applications that enable users to do the following:

view websites;

create and update documents;

play games;

view streaming video and other kinds of graphical information;

access software; and

perform calculations and data analyses.

The binary schema of digital 1s and 0s offers a simple and elegant way for computers to work. It also
offers an efficient way to control logic circuits and to detect an electrical signal's true (1) and false (0)
states.

BIT

A single binary digit is called bit. A binary consist of several bits example are 10101 is a five bit
binary number

101 is a three bit binary number

BINARY NUMBER TABE

Number Binary number Binary number Binary

number number number

1 1 11 1011 21 10101

2 10 12 1100 22 10110

3 11 13 1101 23 10111

4 100 14 1110 24 11000

5 101 15 1111 25 11001

6 110 16 10000 26 11010

7 111 17 10001 27 11011

8 1000 18 10010 28 11100

9 1001 19 10011 29 11101

10 1010 20 10100 30 11110

11

NOTE, binary number can be done in different ways like, binary arithmetic.
Binary arithmetic operation :like we perform arithmetic operation, in numeric, subtraction and
multiplication, and division, operations on binary numbers. And also binary number can be
converted into other number system such as

1. Converting from decimal to binary

2. Conversion from binary to hexal decimal number
3. Converting binary number into characters or( ASCII)

Example converting four in binary

STEP 1

First divide the number (4) by 2 using integer quotient obtaining in these step direction for the
next continue with the step until the quotient become zero e.g.

Division Reminder

4 divide by 2 equal to 2 0

2 divided by 2 equal to 1 0

1 divided by 2 equal to 0 1

Step 2

Now write the remainder in reverse chronolical order (i.e from bottom to
top).

The last significant bit (MSB) is 1.

Hence the decimal number 4 is binary 100 .

So if we want to find how many bits does 4 binary have ?

We have to count the number of zero's and one's. So ,4 in binary is 100 . Hence there are (2)
zero's and (1) one . Hence,we have 3 bits,therefore ,the number of bis does 4 in binary have is
3.

Conversion from Binary to Hexadecimal number system

Hexadecimal number system provides convenient way of converting large

binary numbers into more compact and smaller groups. There are various
ways to convert a binary number into hexadecimal number. You can convert
using direct methods or indirect methods. First, you need to convert a binary
into other base system (e.g., into decimal, or into octal). Then you need to
convert it hexadecimal number.

Octal Number System

A number system with its base as 8 and uses digits from 0 to 7 is called Octal Number System. The word
octal is used to represent the numbers that have eight as the base. The octal numbers have many
applications and importance such as it is used in computers and digital numbering systems. In the
number system, octal numbers can be converted to binary numbers, decimal numbers, and to
hexadecimal numbers.

Conversating binary numbers into text character:

Binary numbers can be translated into text, character using American Standard Code Information
Interchange (ASCII ).

The ASCII is the most common character encoding format to text days in computers and on the
internal ,there unique values for 128 alphabetics , numeric and special additional charactes and control
codes.

BINARY ADDITION

Its possible to add two binary numbers and will give us a binary itself.its the simplest method.

Example

1101

+ 1001

----

10110.