APPLICATIONS OF INFORMATION AND

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
COURSE CODE: CS101
SEMESTER: 1ST (FALL 2024)
Lecture 4
Date 25, 26, 27 (November)

Prepared By

Safeer Khan, Lecturer Computer Science

GPGC, Kohat
[email protected]
1
 Topics
• Internet
• Search Engine ( Google, Yahoo etc)
• Web Browser ( Google chrome, Mozila, firefox etc)
• Website
• Effective use of popular search engine (e.g Google , Bing, etc)

2
 Internet
• Internet is a network of the networks.
• It is a global network of computers.
• Internet is a collection of millions of computers around the world
• Internet is a collection of millions of computers around the world that are
all connected to one another
• No government or organization is the owner of Internet.
• Many people, organizations, universities and research agencies
participates to run and the development of the Internet.

3
 Use of Internet
• To access information, news, research and education material.
• To conduct business.
• To access sources of entertainment such as online games, magazines etc.
• To meet and talk with people around the world in discussion groups or
chat rooms.
• To access other computers and exchange files.
• To send and receive E-mail messages.
• To shop for goods and services

4
 Search Engine
• A search engine is a web-based tool or software application that helps
users find information on the internet.
• Itaccomplishes this by allowing users to enter specific keywords or
phrases related to the information they're seeking.
• The search engine then searches its database of websites and online
content to provide a list of relevant results.
• It’s
a special tool on the internet that quickly looks through lots of
websites to get you the answers you need.
• POPULAR SEARCH ENGINES
• Google (www.google.com)
• Microsoft Bing (www.bing.com)
• Yahoo( www.yahoo.com)
• DuckDuckGo (www.duckduckgo.com) 5
6
POPULAR SEARCH ENGINES
• Google
• Google Search (also known simply as Google or Google.com) is a search engine
operated by Google was launched in 1998.
• It allows users to search for information on the Internet by entering keywords or
phrases.
• It is the most popular search engine worldwide.
• Google Scholar focuses on scientific and research academic material that scientists
and scholars have scrutinized. (https://scholar.google.com/)
• Examples includes graduate theses, legal and court opinions, scholarly publications,
research reports
• Usage Example: If you're looking for information on climate change, you can type
“climate change effects” into Google and explore the search results.
7
 Popular Search Engine
Microsoft Bing
• Microsoft's search engine, which provides search results and features similar to
Google.
• Bing is a web search engine owned and operated by Microsoft.
• While it's not as dominant in terms of market share as Google, Bing still holds a
significant portion of the search engine market, particularly in certain regions.
Yahoo
• It is an American web services provider.
• Yahoo has several things: a search engine, a news aggregator, a shopping center, an
email service,
• The word "yahoo" is an acronym for"Yet Another Hierarchically Organized
Oracle"
8
 Popular Search Engine
• DuckDuckGo:
• A privacy-focused search engine that doesn't track user activity.
• Baidu:
• The dominant search engine in China.
• Yandex:
• The leading search engine in Russia

9
How Search Engine Work

10
 Web Browser
• A web browser is a software application designed to access and display
content on the World Wide Web (the internet).
• It allows users to navigate and interact with websites, web pages, and
other online resources. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrXPcaRlBqo)
• Browsers are the primary tools used for accessing information,
entertainment, services, and applications on the internet.
• Key features of web browsers are:
1. Graphical User Interface (GUI): Browsers provide a user-friendly interface
with features like address bars, navigation buttons (Back, Forward,
Refresh), bookmarks, and tabs for multitasking
11
 Key features of web browsers
2. URL Entry: Browsers allow users to enter URLs (Uniform Resource
Locators) to access specific websites or resources directly.
www.kust.edu.pk
3. Tabs: Tabs allow users to open multiple web pages in the same browser
window, making it easy to switch between different pages without
opening separate windows.
4. Bookmarks: Bookmarks (or favorites) allow users to save and quickly
access web addresses they want to revisit.
5. History: Browsers keep a record of previously visited web pages,
allowing users to review their browsing history.

12
Web Browser

13
List of Popular Web Browsers

14
 How to Search information on web.
• Step 1: Open a Web Browser
• Use any browser like Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, or Safari.
• Step 2: Go to a Search Engine
• In the address bar, type the URL of a search engine, like www.google.com or
www.bing.com
• Step 3: Type Your Query
• Click on the search bar and type your question or keywords related to the information
you need.
• Example: Type "What is Artificial Intelligence?"
• Step 4: Press Enter
• Hit the Enter key or click the search button (magnifying glass icon).
15
• Step 5: Review Search Results
• Browse through the list of results displayed. Each result shows a title, a
short description, and the link to the webpage.
• Step 6: Click on a Relevant Link
• Click on the link that seems most relevant to your query.
• Step 7: Read and Evaluate Information
• Read the content on the webpage.
• Check the source for reliability and accuracy

Click the below link to watch video related to how to search

information on web.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDONzKjPVOA
16
 What is Website
• A website is a collection of related web pages and multimedia content that are
accessible through a common domain name on the internet.
• Each web page is typically composed of text, images, videos, and other
interactive elements that are displayed in a web browser when a user visits the
website
• For Example : The main page of website (www.admission.hed.gkp.pk/) (
online admission website)

17
 What is Browsing
• Browsing typically refers to the act of navigating and exploring content on the
internet using a web browser.
• When you browse the internet, you are interacting with various websites and
online services by clicking on links, buttons, and tabs within the browser. This
allows you to view and interact with text, images, videos, and other multimedia
content that is hosted on remote servers and accessed through the browser
• Popular web browsers include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft
Edge, Apple Safari, and Opera.
• Each browser has its own strengths, features, and user interfaces, but they all
serve the common purpose of providing access to the vast amount of
information and services available on the internet
18
 Effective use of popular search engines to
explore World Wide Web
• When searching for materials in electronic resources and
databases, it's a good idea to use effective searching techniques to
get the most out of your time and efforts.
• You don't want to waste your time gathering a bunch of irrelevant
information that you can't use in your paper.
• Use these search strategies to help you find useful information
quickly and effectively.
• You can use Search operators which are special commands that can
be used to refine your Google search results.
• Using operators can help you find more relevant results more
quickly.
19
 Effective use of popular search engines
1. Research keywords to find the most relevant search terms
• Keywords are the words and phrases you enter in the search bar on
search engines (Google, Yahoo, Bing).
• Before you enter your search terms, take the time to think about which
keywords are most relevant to your needs.
• For example : Searching for "apple" may show you results about the
fruit, the technology company, or even recipes, but specifically writing
"Apple iPhone 14" will narrow the results to information about that
specific smartphone.
2. Use quotation marks for exact phrases
• Enclose phrases in quotation marks to search for exact matches. This is
useful when searching for specific phrases or titles.
• Searching for “machine learning” within quotation marks will return 20

results where those two words appear together, rather than separately.
 Effective Use of Search Engines
3. Get definitions for words using the define: operator
• Use the define: operator to get definitions for specific words
directly from the Google search box.
• For example, entering “define: internet” will display the definition
of the word at the top of the page,
4. Easily find locations with the map: operator
• When searching for directions or organization information
while planning a trip, you can use the map:operator to bring up a
map of that area directly from your search bar.
• For instance, “map: Abbottabad” will show you the clear map of
Abbottabad. 21
 Effective Use of Search Engines
5. Utilize Advanced Search Operators:
• Learn advanced search operators such as site:, filetype:, and related:
to refine your search.
• These operators allow you to specify certain criteria for your search.
• For instance, “site:wikipedia.org artificial intelligence” will only show
results from Wikipedia about artificial intelligence
6. Location-based Searches:
• If you’re looking for nearby coffee shops, use “coffee shops near me”
or include your location, like “coffee shops in downtown San
Francisco.”
22
 Effective Use of Search Engines
7. Filetype Searches:
• Looking for a PDF document on a specific topic? Try adding “filetype:pdf”
to your search query, like “climate change filetype:pdf”.
8. Search Suggestions:
• Pay attention to the auto-suggestions that appear as you type your query.
• They can provide helpful hints or refine your search terms.
• By utilizing these techniques, you can improve the accuracy and
relevance of your search results, ultimately saving time and finding the
information you need more efficiently.

23
 Reading Assignment
• Advantages and disadvantages of internet.
• What Are the Types of Web Sites.

24
25