ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res.

12(12), 520-531

Journal Homepage: -www.journalijar.com

Article DOI:10.21474/IJAR01/20050
DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/20050

RESEARCH ARTICLE
CONTRIBUTION OF COMMUNICATION FOR A GOOD MANAGEMENT OF WATER BODIES IN
BUURKINA: CASE OF LAC DEM IN THE COMMUNE OF KAYA, PROVINCE OF SANEMATINGA,
NORTH CENTER REGION OUAGADOUGOU

Jérôme Compaore1 and Abdoul Aziz Ouiminga 2

1. Senior Researcher CNRST/INERA.
2. Laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques Renouvelables, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
Manuscript Info Abstract
……………………. ………………………………………………………………
Manuscript History Lake DEM, like other wetlands in Burkina Faso, is facing pronounced
Received: 13 October 2024 degradation due to numerous pressures, mainly anthropogenic,
Final Accepted: 16 November 2024 associated with management problems, a lack of communication and
Published: December 2024 awareness of the basics ofmanagement of water bodies and thereby
resulting in a weak local governance framework.It is with a view to
Key words:-
Lac Dem, Communication, Integrated reversing this trend towards the continuous degradation of our plant
Water Resources Management, cover that our research work proposes the contribution of
Wetlands, ONEA, Ramsar Convention, communication for better management of the Lac Dem water body by
Burkina Faso
relying on theprevious work of the Local Environmental Governance
Consolidation Project (COGEL Project) in collaboration with the
Ramsar Convention.This study is intended to be a scientific
contribution.Also, the shared resource of the lake management plan
offers us this opportunity to analyze the different uses of the water
resource in a communication strategy at the level of the lake and within
its sub-watershed.The estimate of water withdrawals from the lake by
the various actors showed significant annual water quantities of m3 of
water by the various actors involved in the sector.Our initial
hypothesis, which is confirmed, testifies that the mode of withdrawal of
the water resource from Lake Dem does not allow its sustainable
use.However, given the status of the lake with multiple uses and the
poor coordination of the actors, it seems imperative to operationalize
the management framework of Lake Dem.Thus, the effective
implementation of the lake management plan, and a good organization
of all actors through communication strategies, will allow better
coordination and sustainable use of the waters of Lake Dem.

Copyright, IJAR, 2024,. All rights reserved.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
Introduction:-
Burkina Faso has 1794 water reservoirs (DGRE, 2011).These are the natural and artificial wetlands that are located
in all the watersheds and in the forest and wildlife reserves of our country.They are habitats for many terrestrial and
aquatic animal species, as well as avifauna and many other living organisms.These ecosystems make a fundamental
contribution to the ecological balance of the environment and to the lives of populations.Their resources, especially
water, constitute natural capital that generates flows of goods and services.The Ramsar Convention defines a
wetland as a geographical area where water is the main component of the natural environment;associated human,

Corresponding Author:-Jérôme Compaore 520

Address:-Senior Researcher CNRST/INERA.
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animal and plant life.These ecosystems can be natural (watersheds, lakes, rivers, ponds, plains, lowlands, forest and
wildlife reserves, etc.) or artificial (dams, water reservoirs, boulis or artificial ponds, irrigated agricultural
land).However, poor management of these wetlands and their resources can involve a number of significant risks
and obstacles for the stability of local residents and their habitats due to the difficulty of coping with the adverse
effects of climate, developmentproduction activities due, among other things, to the proliferation of invasive plants,
the siltation and silting up of rivers and bodies of water, the absence of communication strategies, the preservation
of the health of populations and thebiological diversity which becomes even more difficult with the pollution
phenomenon of the Permanent Secretariat of the National Council for the Environment and Sustainable
Development (SP/CONEDD, 2013).

A methodology in the geographical universe of Lac Dem

Lac Dem is an agribusiness center located in the administrative region of Centre-Nord (capital: Kaya).It falls under
the province of Sanmatenga (capital: Kaya) and is entirely located in the Commune of Kaya precisely 13 km
northwest of the city.Its depth is estimated at 2.3 m.During high water periods, the body of water stretches over 6.5
km long and 1.1 km wide and has an area of approximately 7,520,000 m² (Ouédraogo, 2006).It should be noted that
Lac Dem remains a resource well protected by the inhabitants of the surrounding villages.The total area of the lake
area is 1,354 ha.It is covered upstream by the classified forest of Dem (350 ha).The geographical surveys of
Ouattara and Ouédraogo (2009), center the lake at the coordinate points 13°12'N and 01°10'W, gives map n°1
below.

Map n° 1:- Occupation of Lake Dem in the geographical space of Bukina Faso.

Sources: Field surveys October 2023

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A watershed marked by curasse peaks

Dem Lake is located on shale and migmatite granites (metamorphic and crystalline rocks).These rocks belong to the
structure of the Kaya region and have favored the development of clay soils.BOULET et al.(1970) and falls under
four units, namely crude mineral soils, poorly evolved soils widespread in the area, fairly deep tropical ferruginous
soils and pseudogley hydromorphic soils.The watershed of the lake is marked by summits of breastplates with steep
slopes on the glacis (GRAD, 2007).The site of the lake is located in the vast Mossi peneplain with an average
altitude at Lake Dem of 291m, confers map n°2 below.

Map 2:- The morphology of the Lake Dem watershed.

Sources: Field surveysOctober 2023

Sampling of the sudy site

The site chosen for our study is Lake Dem and focused on the villages of the sub-watershed of the lake, 14 in
number, 8 of which constitute our sample.The 8 villages chosen are those peripheral to the lake and were therefore
the subject of our surveys and field observations.They are: Dem, DembilaMossi, DembilaPeulh, Ilyala, Kamsongo,
Konkin, Zorkoum and Zandogo.The target population concerned heads of households, market gardeners, breeders,
heads of technical and administrative services.A total of 80 heads of households (i.e. 10 per village), 80 market
gardeners (i.e. 10 per village) were surveyed individually.The choice of people surveyed was made randomly
(probabilistically) according to their availability.Eight (8) focus groups including 1 per village were also carried
out.At the level of the technical and administrative services, interviews were carried out with the heads of the
services concerned, in Kaya and Ziniaré, namely, the Director and technicians of the Nakambé Water Agency;the
Director of ONEA in Kaya and the head of the drinking water treatment and production station of the Regional
Director of the Environment and Sustainable Development of the center north;the Regional Director of Water and
Hydraulic Developments of the Center North;the Regional Director of Agriculture and Food Security for the Center
North;the Provincial Director of Agriculture and Food Security of Sanmatenga;the Provincial Livestock Director
Kaya and a Technical Advisor from the Town Hall of Kaya.

An Inclusive Data Collection Method

We used data collection tools specific to qualitative and quantitative research, including interviews and
questionnaires. This allowed us to collect precise data on the use of the lake's water resources.The interviews we

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conducted were semi-directive, the questions were formulated upstream before each meeting on the basis of our
interview guides.Quantitative research is based on a systematic approach to collecting and analyzing information
obtained from the sample of the population, with the aim of providing statistically valid results, generally used as
percentages.As such, we used the traditional tool of the questionnaire.The literature review consisted of collecting
secondary data to better understand our subject.Thus, the choice of the market price method made it possible to
estimate the monetary values of each good and service provided by Dem Lake.

Data processing and analysis

After collecting field data, we entered the recorded interviews and analyzed the quantitative data using Excel
software. The information was compiled manually (survey forms and interview guides), noted and recorded so that
the presentation of the results faithfully respects the comments of the respondents.The exploitation of the qualitative
data was done by means of the content analysis of the discourse of the interviewees.Each interview was analyzed in
order to cross-check information with the other interviews and to identify the most sought-after information.The
average of the results obtained from the data of our sample was assigned to the 7 other villages in order to be able to
estimate an overall result at the scale of the sub-watershed of the lake.

Results and Discussions:-

A water-consuming household activity
The observation of graph n° 1 below tells us that households take more water from wells, boreholes and standpipes
than from the lake.Indeed, the water withdrawals made by households in the lake are not very important because this
resource is mainly used for the manufacture of bricks which is not a full-time activity.

Graph n° 1:- Estimated annual volume of water withdrawn by households from the lake and hydraulic structures.

Source: Survey data, 2023

The same observation indicates that hydraulic works, especially that of boreholes, is the most used for household
activities by the populations.For the villages in the sub-watershed of the lake, we were able to estimate the number

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of hydraulic structures at 54 boreholes, 19 wells and 2 standpipes.The village of Kamsaogo is an exception because
we noted a lack of hydraulic infrastructure there.This locality has only one pump for its entire population estimated
at more than 900 inhabitants, resulting in a certain inequality in access to drinking water in the area.We can then
draw the conclusion that the more the populations have hydraulic structures, the less they consume the water
resources of the lake.This fact allows us to show that the hydraulic works have a positive impact on the water
resources of the lake as long as the communication strategies are implemented and to answer both our second
specific question.The cases of the villages of Zorkoum and Konkin corroborate this, because the number of
infrastructures in these localities favors the reduction of the use of water from the lake, hence less pressure exerted
on this resource.

A high water consumer livestock:

Livestock is the second activity of our populations and uses a lot of lake water after agriculture.The purpose of this
part is to estimate the quantity of water consumed by animals, in particular cattle, donkeys and small ruminants.The
calculation method used in this part is based on individual surveys carried out with heads of household because they
also practice livestock farming as a second activity.These surveys enabled us to establish the average number of
animals (cattle, small ruminants, donkeys) per household (by household size), and therefore to be able to calculate
an average coefficient for each category of animals, which corresponds to the numberof animals per capita for each
village surveyed.These coefficients multiplied by the number of the population allowed us to obtain the number of
animals for each village.The average of the coefficients obtained from our sample (8 villages) was assigned to the 7
other villages in order to be able to estimate a result at the scale of the sub-watershed of the lake with an annual
consumption of 123,207.20 m3.The villages that consume more water for livestock are Kamsaogho with an
estimated volume of 17004.41 m3 and 8756.07 m3 for Dembila-Peulh and is explained by a strong habitation of
Fulani communities whose main activity is livestock, confers graph n° 5 below.

Graph 2:- Estimated annual volume of lake water used for farming.

Source: Survey data, 2023

The major consumers of water remain cattle compared to other animals, with a volume of water of 58788 m3 for
4027 cattle against 52560.5 m3 for 20575 small ruminants, and 11850.95 m3 for 1353 donkeys per year.The

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potential scenario of an increase in this cattle population would therefore lead to a sharp increase in the demand for
water from the lake.However, it is important to point out that there is a fairly high number of small ruminants (more
than four times that of cattle) in this area.Despite this strong numerical superiority, the water consumption of the
latter does not exceed that of cattle.As a result, we note that with regard to the pressure exerted by pastoral activity
on Lake Dem through the use of its water resources, cattle breeding has a preponderant place.On the donkey side,
there is a low number with less water consumption.This is explained by the fact that these animals are used more for
field work than other tasks.

A state company ensures the availability of the resource: National Office for Water and Sanitation (ONEA)
ONEA is the State company in charge of Urban Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation (AEPA) in Burkina Faso.As
part of the DWS, it uses groundwater and surface water resources (lakes, dams, etc.).The city of Kaya is supplied by
the water resources of Lake Dem which ONEA has been taking since March 2009. The objective is to know the
volume of water taken by this structure and see the evolution of these takings for thepopulationsupply.During our
field surveys in Kaya, we were able to obtain from the management and technical services of ONEA, the data
relating to the monthly and annual quantities of water withdrawn from Lake Dem from 2010 to 2013. Indeed,the
volumes of raw water from the lake withdrawn by ONEA in these years as well as the quantities of water withdrawn
by ONEA amount to 683,327 m3 in 2010, 837,220 m3 in 2011;918,100 m3 in 2012 and 1,093,239 m3 in 2013. This
means that there is an increase in water withdrawals by ONEA from the lake each year. Between 2010 and 2011
there was a growth rate of 22.5%. In 2012, this rate increased to 34.4% to reach 60% in 2013. The reason for this
increase is explained by the increase in the population, the growing number of subscribers and their demand (Idrissa
Diallo, interviewee number1, qualitative research data).Our observations in the field have allowed us to note that
there is a permanent presence of water in the lake, but this water decreases considerably at a certain time of the year
(March, April and May).This period coincides with the peak samples taken by ONEA.

A humanresourcelackingskills
Market gardeners do not have the necessary skills and adequate training on crop irrigation techniques and needs.It is
important for farmers not to confuse crop water needs with their irrigation needs.Irrigation water needs must take
into account several parameters including the type of soil and the water needs of the plant.This requires technical
training on these different communication aspects.Indeed, during our surveys, we were able to realize that market
gardeners have gaps in the sense of information and communication around their activities.It is very fitting that Mr
Thomas Ouédraogo underlined and I quote: “water is poorly managed by market gardeners.The reasons for this poor
management can be explained by several factors, in particular the lack of control of the water needs of crops, the
state of the means of drainage, the non-compliance with development standards, the poor organization of irrigators,
the poormanagement of hydraulic structures, etc.(respondent number 2, qualitative research data).MrAdamaMillogo
enriches these remarks by saying that and I site it: “market gardeners do not calculate the irrigation needs of crops,
their irrigation is mainly based on observation” (respondent number 3, data from qualitative research).These
comments are consistent with our field observations which showed us that market gardeners are not trained in
irrigation techniques.Our discussions with the latter have enabled us to understand that they have no scientific basis
on the irrigation needs of crops;they rely more on their personal experiences to irrigate.This means that the training
and strengthening of the skills of these actors will promote better control of the water in the lake.The logistical
difficulties are especially observed at the level of market gardening activities.It is defined by the technical means of
supply and support for the market gardeners' operational systems.Among these technical means, we can cite motor
pumps, pipes, etc.The logistical problems are due to the lack of financial means.They are materialized by the
obsolescence of the pumping equipment (pipes regularly pierced, torn, etc.), see photo n°1 below.

He annual volume of water lost by market gardening activity exceeds the annual volumes of lake water withdrawn
by households and livestock breeders. We can then conclude that the improvement of market gardening equipment
and materials would allow a reduction in losses and therefore less pressure on the lake's water resources. Equipment
problems are not the only sources of water loss, there is also the lack of capacity building for actors.

A Proportion of trends in volumes of water withdrawn by actors

The water resource of Lake Dem allows different actors to carry out activities. The volumes of water withdrawals
from the lake vary according to the nature of the activities. Thus, the objective in this part is to show the importance
of water withdrawals from the lake according to the activities carried out in the sub-watershed of Lake Dem.

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Photo n°1:- Bad condition of garden hoses leading to water loss.

Photo: Field survey, 2023

As we can see in photo n°1, the condition of this watering equipment favors water loss due to leaks.Thus, our results
show that these losses are very high.They represent an estimated annual volume of 128,767.02 m3, or 3.11% of the
total quantity of water withdrawn annually for market gardening.Compared to the total quantity of water withdrawn
annually for market gardening, these losses certainly do not seem significant, but they exceed the average annual
quantity of water withdrawn by pastoral activity as shown in Figure 1 below.

Figure n° 1:- Comparison of the annual volume of water lost from the lake by market gardening, with the annual
volumes of water from the lake withdrawn by households and breeders.

21 %

40 %

39 %

Volume annuel d'eau prélevé dans le lac (m3)

Volume annueld'eau du lac utilisé pour l'activité pastorale

Volume annuel des pertes en eau du lac a par l'activité maraicher e

Source: Survey data,(2023

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Figure n°2:- Proportions of the volumes of water withdrawn by the actors.

2% 1 %

20 %

77 %

Quantité annuelle d'eau du lac prélevée par les maraichers (m3)

Quantité annuelle d'eau du lac prélevée par l'ONEA (m3)
Quantité annuelle d'eau du lac prélevée par l'elevage (m3)
Quantité annuelle d'eau du lac prélevée au lac par les ménages) (m3

Source: Survey data, 2023

Figure 2 above shows the proportions of the volumes of water withdrawn and provides an answer to the first specific
question.This figure indicates that the activities that consume the most water from the lake are market gardening and
the production of drinking water by ONEA.Indeed, with very high proportions (77% for market gardening and 20%
for ONEA) these two activities stand out from the others (2% for livestock farming and 1% for households).These
percentages support the fact that agriculture, especially market gardening, is the primary production activity in the
sub-watershed of the lake.This shows that better water control by market gardeners will allow better use of the lake's
water resources and also reduce the pressures exerted on it.By comparing the quantity of water withdrawn by these
actors with the volume of water available from the lake, and given the increase in population and needs, Lake Dem
risks no longer being able to ensure its environmental flow.Hence the need for better governance of this water
resource by integrating aspects of communication and awareness

The different actors involved in the water consumption process

Market gardening in the Lake Dem sub-watershed is practiced on the shores of the lake and uses its water
resources.The purpose of this part is to establish the estimated volume of lake water used annually by market
gardeners for watering, by village of the sub-watershed of the lake. To do this, we conducted surveys with market
gardeners in the 8 villages bordering the lake and focus groups in each village.Thus, by village, we were able to
individually investigate 10 market gardeners on their methods of water withdrawal, their cultivated area, the
duration of speculation, the volumes of water used and the quantities of water lost by irrigation.These individual
surveys enabled us to calculate the average volumes of water irrigated, losses and the average areas of the
perimeters per market gardener for each village surveyed.Using the focus groups by village, we were able to
establish the number of market gardeners with a perimeter: almost all the heads of households in each village, i.e.
90%.The average of the results obtained from our sample (8 villages) was assigned to the 7 other villages in order to
be able to estimate an overall result at the scale of the sub-watershed of the lake.Overall, the average annual quantity
of water used by market gardeners in the Lake Dem sub-watershed amounts to 4,005,138 m3.

Estimation of the economic value of fishery resources

Fishing is one of the activities carried out by the local populations of Lake Dem.From the surveys, it appears that the
favorable time for fishing lasts between 4 to 5 months and the rest of the month is considered as the period when the
activity is slowed down.The main species of fish sold are catfish, sea snails, sardines, carp and prawns.We found

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that fishing is not the main activity of fishermen.Fishing only comes in third place after agriculture and animal
husbandry.Inspired by the categorization of fishermen carried out by the FAO (Bado et al., 2007), we can say that
the fishermen of Lake Dem belong to the category of semi-professional fishermen.Alongside the latter evolve
occasional fishermen whose practice of the activity remains a hobby.In Lake Dem, a fisherman sells an average of
857 kg of fish per year and obtains an average amount of 417,160 FCFA per year and the quantity of fish devoted to
family consumption is estimated at 134 kg per year, i.e. 67,000 FCFA.Figure 3 below shows the percentage of fish
sold and that reserved for family consumption.

Graph n° 3:- Estimation of the annual volume of water by market gardeners through irrigation.

Source: Survey data, 2023

Figure n° 3:- Distribution of the use made of fish from Lake Dem.

Source: Survey data, 2023

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Based on the estimates made, the quantity of fish taken from Dem Lake is 46,595 kg/year.The quantity of fish
intended for family consumption is 6,293 kg/year, or 14% of the total fish harvest.This is equivalent to 3,146,500
FCFA.The quantity of fish sold is 43,302 kg/year, or 86% of the total.The amount obtained for this sale is
19,606,500 FCFA.In short, the total monetary value of the halieutic resource is 22,753,000 CFA francs.The quantity
of fish taken from Dem Lake is low due to the siltation of the body of water and the development of prohibited
fishing practices such as poisoning the water with pesticides used for agriculture.According to the fishermen, the
lack of equipment such as canoes and nets does not allow them to take large quantities of fish from the lake.

An estimate of the economic value of assured drinking water

The local population of Lake Dem uses the water mainly for irrigating market gardening plots and watering
livestock.The city of Kaya located 15 km from the lake, to overcome the problem of drinking water supply has since
2006 used Lake Dem to supply drinking water.Indeed, before the exploitation of Lake Dem, two (2) wells and
fourteen (14) boreholes served as supply systems for the city of Kaya (COULIBALY, 2011).The water from Lake
Dem is also used to supply drinking water to the town of Kaya.The number of people who get drinking water from
Lake Dem is estimated at around 43,520 individuals (COULIBALY, 2011).The demand for water is increasing.The
National Office for Water and Sanitation (ONEA/ Kaya Center Agency) is responsible for supplying the city with
drinking water. Kaya ONEA sold 1,086,880 m3 of water and received 303,695,274 FCFA in the second year of
2013. It should be noted that ONEA collects water free of charge like any other user.Indeed considered as a
common good, there is a rivalry that takes place on the resource.Would it not be necessary to apply the user-pays
principle on this resource since the fourth principle of IWRM considers it as an economic good?It is with this in
mind that the inter-village land charter for the management of Dem and Sian lakes was drawn up to provide for the
conditions of access to resources.Based on article 7 of the charter, we estimated at 54,344,000 FCFA the tax that
ONEA could pay to the community per year.This sum is a considerable loss for local authorities who could use it to
self-finance activities to protect water resources and promote the goods and services provided by Lake Dem.

Estimating the economic value of non-timber forest products

Woody and non-woody species play an important socio-economic role: the fruits are sold and consumed by people
and animals, the leaves, barks or roots are used in the local pharmacopoeia, consumption, and used as a source of
food. 'energy. Throughout the catchment area of the lake, protected plant species mainly concern those said to be
useful for their fruits, flowers, bark, leaves and roots. According to Ouattara and Ouédraogo (2009), these are:
Vitellaria paradoxa, Acacia albida, Tamarindusindica, Lanneamicrocarpa, Sclerocaryabirre). Also, are classified
among the species with a strong dominance of individuals: the Ziziphusmauritiana, the Khaya senegalensis. For
these authors, the particular aspect of this sector lies in the creation of numerous Adansoniedigitata agroforestry
parks in cultivated areas close to human habitats. Parks of Acacia albida are abundant there and are subject to
intense pruning for fodder purposes. The fruits and leaves from these trees are used as food products by households
in the study area. Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are defined as any material of animal or plant biological
origin other than wood, originating from forests or other wooded land or from trees outside forests (FAO, 2001,
quoted by Ouédraogoetal. .). The collection and processing of NWFPs are done particularly by women and are
present at all levels of the sector. Also, this study made it possible to estimate the average value of NTFP
consumption by households in the eight villages selected as well as the total value which is obtained by
extrapolating the average values per household to all households in the wetland of Lake Dem . The study carried out
was based more on the supply services of Lake Dem in order to highlight the benefit of Lake Dem. Table 1 below
summarizes all the ecosystem goods and services of Lake Dem.

Table 1:- Total Economic Value of Dem Lake Provisioning Services.

Resources Total value (direct use) Go %
Agricultural land resources 930 080 000 42
Vegetablecrops 871 714 000 39
Halieuticsresources 22 753 000 1
Water resources 303 695 274 14
Pastoral resources 33 490 850 2
52 975 873 2
Non-timberforestproducts
Total (Fcfa) 2 214 708 997 100
Source: Survey data, 2023

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The estimate of the value of market goods and services from the lake gives a monetary value of more than two
billion two hundred million CFA francs.This value is minimal because the study focused on the evaluation of the
direct use value of some goods and services associated with Lake Dem.The value of agricultural production (cereal
crop plus market gardening) which is 1,801,794,000 CFA francs is greater than that taken from the ecosystem
around Lake Dem.The value of the goods taken (fish, NWFPs, pasture, water) in the lake is 412,914,997 CFA
francs.

Conclusion:-
Water is an essential resource for the survival of populations, especially rural populations.Wetlands are used by
these populations for various activities including agriculture, livestock, fishing, etc.With regard to Lake Dem, its
water resource, like that of many other wetlands in Burkina Faso, faces many pressures.These pressures generally
linked to anthropogenic activities, coupled with strong climatic variability and a weak governance framework
characterized by the absence of information and communication strategies constitute a serious threat to the survival
of ecosystems. The objective of this study was to analyze from a communication angle the different uses of the
water resource at Lake Dem and within its sub-watershed.It is intended as a contribution to the operationalization of
the management frameworks for Lake Dem, in particular the lake management plan for the preservation of this
shared resource.Thus, the analysis of the results of the field survey carried out with the various actors indicates the
virtual absence of communication strategies for a better appropriation by all the actors of good practices and new
principles.In addition, several other difficulties in terms of communication and information hinder the smooth
running of the management of the lake and therefore the proper extraction of its water resources, among which, the
lack of necessary skills and adequate training of market gardeners.on crop irrigation techniques, the poor state of the
logistical means of dewatering, the poor coordination of actors and a weak governance framework and the absence
of training.

Au regard de ce qui précède et comptetenu de l’importance et le caractère du lac à usaWater is an essential resource
for the survival of populations, especially rural populations.Wetlands are used by these populations for various
activities including agriculture, livestock, fishing, etc.With regard to Lake Dem, its water resource, like that of many
other wetlands in Burkina Faso, faces many pressures.These pressures generally linked to anthropogenic activities,
coupled with strong climatic variability and a weak governance framework characterized by the absence of
information and communication strategies constitute a serious threat to the survival of ecosystems. The objective of
this study was to analyze from a communication angle the different uses of the water resource at Lake Dem and
within its sub-watershed.It is intended as a contribution to the operationalization of the management frameworks for
Lake Dem, in particular the lake management plan for the preservation of this shared resource.Thus, the analysis of
the results of the field survey carried out with the various actors indicates the virtual absence of communication
strategies for a better appropriation by all the actors of good practices and new principles.In addition, several other
difficulties in terms of communication and information hinder the smooth running of the management of the lake
and therefore the proper extraction of its water resources, among which, the lack of necessary skills and adequate
training of market gardeners.on crop irrigation techniques, the poor state of the logistical means of dewatering, the
poor coordination of actors and a weak governance framework and the absence of training.gesmultiples, our
hypothesis “the mode of abstraction of the water resource does not allow a rational and sustainable use of it” has
been confirmed.There is then the imperative need to operationalize the tools of communication and capacity
building within the framework of a management adapted to the context of Lake Dem.To do this, efforts must be
made by all the actors concerned by the Project, including the Ramsar Convention for a more effective and
sustainable management of Lake Dem.

Bibliographic:-
1. Bureau Central du Census (2009), Monograph of the North Center Region: general population and housing census
of 2006 (RGPH-2006).Ministry of Economy and Finance of Burkina Faso, report.
2.ECOWAS.Water Resources Coordination Unit (UCRE): IWRM
[Online].http://www.wrcu.ecowas.int/fr/stand.php?id=008#_ftn6 (Consulted on 25/01/15).
3. Commune of Kaya, (2010), Plan communal de développement de Kaya, Ministry of Territorial Administration
and Decentralization of Burkina Faso, final document.
4. Center-North Regional Council (2010), Regional Development Plan 2010-2014. Ministry of Territorial
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