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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HARBAL ALOEVERA SOAP
Mr. Markad Abhijit R.*1, Mane Abasaheb P.*2, Prof. Kunal Hake*3
*1,2Student, B. Pharmacy, Mahadev Kanchan College Of Pharmaceutical Education And Research,
Uruli, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
*3Assistant Professor, B. Pharmacy, Mahadev Kanchan College Of Pharmaceutical Education And
Research, Uruli, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
DOI : https://www.doi.org/10.56726/IRJMETS40822
ABSTRACT
Herbal cosmetic is also known as natural cosmetic . aloe Vera soap is herbal cosmetic. The present research has
been undertaken with the aim to formulate and evaluate the pure herbal formulation Aloevera is a herbal
product having active constituents beneficial for skin. Soap was produced by using hot process .soap is defined
as a substance used with water for washing and cleaning made up of a compound of natural oil or fats with
sodium hydroxide or another strong alkali &typically having perfume &colouring, hardening agents are added.
In this preparation many ingredients are used like vitamin e capsule used as a antioxidant. Sodium lauryl
sulphate is used as surfactant. It lower the surface tension between ingredients. Sodium hydroxide is called as
lye. bees wax used in purpose of hardening agent & rose oil used for fragrance. Soap can be made from the base
hydrolysis of a factor an oil this hydrolysis is called saponification. Aloe vera contains numerous vitamin
,enzyme ,amino acid, natural sugar and agents which may be anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial .the
physicochemical parameter of Formulation (physical evaluation ,pH, foaming ability,& foam stability) were
determined. Aloe Vera is natural product which are used in prevention and treatment of various skin problems.
Aloe Vera is derived from Arabic words ‘Aloe’ means ‘Shinning bitter substance’ and ‘Vera’ means ‘True’. It is
belongs to the family of ’Alliaceae’ . Aloe Vera is also known as “Ghrit kumari” and many people’s which is used
for wellness of health and medicinal purpose. It’s involves the health benefits of wound healing ,treating burns,
minimizing front bite damage ,protect skin damage from X-rays, Lung cancer, Reduce blood sugar in diabetes
and improve immune system. Aloe Vera soap as contains various medicinal properties like anti-septic, anti-
microbial , anti-viral ,anti-oxidant, anti-fungal . Aloe Vera plant is triangular, fleshy leaves with serrated edges,
yellow tubular flowers and fruits that contains numerous seeds. Each leafs composed of three layer: The first is
inner clear gel that contains 99% water and rest is made of glucomannans, amino acids ,lipids, sterols, vitamins.
The middle layer of latex which is the bitter yellow sap . The outer thick layer of 15 -20 cells called as rind . It is
use for several skin disease like acne.
Keywords: Herbal Soap, Formulation, Saponification, Hand Sanitizer, Antiseptic Soap, Bioactive Compounds.
I. INTRODUCTION
Herbal soap preparation is a medicine or drugs it contain Antibacterial & antifungal agents which mainly uses
of part of plants such as leaves, stem, roots and fruits to treatment for a injury disease or to achieve good health.
This preparation possess antimicrobial property are administered topically and available to apply in various
forms like creams, lotion, gel, soap ,solvent ,extract or ointment. The variety of creams and soap properties have
been used to treat various skin disorders. Mostly skin infection are caused by fungi, staphylococcus aurous and
streptococcus species. Ethno medically ,juice and extract from leaves of the plants are topically applied as
antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents in treatment of skin disease including ringworm and prorates. The
succulent gel form is used to disorder of psoriasis. crude preparation of soap are able to soften the skin
epidermis enhance greater penetration and cleaning acne and also promote the healing and resolution in
quickly in time.
Soap is defined as mixture of chemical compounds resulting from the interaction of fatty acids with a metal
radical. Soap may also be described as any water-soluble salt of those fatty acids which contain eight or more
carbon atoms. The metals commonly used in soap making are sodium and potassium, which produce water-
soluble soaps that are used for laundry and cleaning purposes. Soap is produced by the saponification of a
triglyceride, the triglyceride is reacted with a strong alkali such as;KOH or NaOH to produce glycerol and fatty
acid salts. Antiseptic soap is an alteration of an ordinary soap where bioactive ingredients are added into the
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basic soap medium to produce a variety of biological effects to the product. But due to the likelihood of causing
side effects as a result of use of synthetic substances, it is important to avoid the use harmful synthetic
chemicals from antiseptic soap products. The plant based natural products have become another source that is
used to enhance the important biological characteristics of medical soap .coconut oil, Aoevera extract ,olive oil,
venire, need olives sandalwood, turmeric and Jasmine are
The Herbal plant aloe Vera of maximum 100 cm in height and mature in 5 to 6 years. Aloe Vera is derived from
Arabic words ‘Aloe’ means ‘Shinning bitter substance’ and ‘Vera’ means ‘True’. It is used for host of purposes
since the ancient Egyptians called plant of “Immortality”. It is also none as ‘Ghrit kumari’ in Hindi. Aloe Vera
leafs is use for cure sunburns, burns and skin disease. Aloe Vera soap is used to skin care like acne , wound
healing and protect sunburn of skin. Turmeric and jasmine are few of the most commonly found substance in
skincare products including Antiseptic soaps Aloe Vera is a plant that has narrow green leaves filled with
viscous gel and possesses distinct margin with needles, it readily grows in hot and dry climates, and the gel is
used in making different products and preparation of cosmetics Furthermore, it contains over hundreds of
nutrients and bio-active compounds like enzymes vitamins sugars, minerals, lignin, saponins, anthraquinones,
salicylic acid amino acid and In addition ,it secondary metabolites possess many properties which includes anti
inflammation, antibacterial, antio
II. COLLECTION OF HERBAL PLANT MATERIAL
The herbal aloe Vera soap are prepared by various plants like Aloe Vera gel, Olive oil, Coconut oil, sunflower oil,
Castor oil etc.
Aloevera gel :
Biological source: It is collected from dried latex of leaf.alooe parry beaker aloe ferox miller and hybrid of this
species with Aloe Africana miller and aloe specimen beaker
Family: Lilaceae
Morphology of Aloe Vera: Height - 60 to 100 cm
Leaves - Thick and fleshy Colour - Green to grey green Width – 10 cm xidant, immune boosting , anticancer,
antidiabetic, anti-aging and sun relief.
Fig.1. Pulp of Aloevera.
Uses:
a) It is used to cure skin wounds.
b) It's boiled juice to treat hair falls.
C) Aloe Vera gel is used to protect radiation burn in skin.
Fig.2. Function of Aloevera
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THERAPEUTIC ACTION OF ALOEVERA:-
1 Anti-inflammatory action :
Aloe Vera by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase pathway reduces the production of prostaglandin E2 from
arachidonic acid. A novel anti-inflammatory compound called C-glucosyl hormone was also isolated from Aloe
gel extracts recently. Langmead et AS reported Anti inflammatory effects of Aloe Vera gel in human colorectal
mucosa in vitro. Reuter et al."' reported the anti inflammatory potential of Aloe Vera gel (97.5%) in the
ultraviolet erythematic test. Lee et al 20 reported anti inflammatory activity of Aloe Vera adventitious root
extracts through the alteration of primary and secondary metabolites via salicylic acid elicitation.
2. Anti Ulcer effect of Aloe Vera:
The anti-ulcer effect of Aloe Vera in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) induced peptic ulcers in rats
was reported by Borra et al.21
3. Effects on the immune system :
Allergen, an anti-allergic compound of Aloe Vera
4. Laxative effects:
The Anthraquinones present in latex acts as potent laxatives .They do so by increasing intestinal water content
by stimulating
5. Antiviral activity:
The antiviral activities of Aloe extracts may be due to indirect or direct effects. Indirectly they show these
effects by stimulating the immune system and directly by anthraquinones. The anthraquinone aloin inactivates
various enveloped viruses such as Herpes simplex, Varicella zoster and Influenza?'
6. Antitumor activity:
In a study polysaccharide fraction of Aloe has shown to inhibit the binding of benzopyrene to primary rat
hepatocytes, thereby preventing the formation Of potentially cancer-initiating benzopyrene-DNA adduct.
Another study reported the induction of glutathione S.transferase and as well inhibition of the tumor-
promoting effects of phorbol myristic acetate suggesting the possible role of Aloe gel in cancer
chemoprevention3o.3 • Saini et al." reported anti-tumor activity of Aloe Vera against MBA/croton oil-induced
skin papillomagenesis in Swiss albino mice. El-Shemy et al 33 reported antitumor properties and modulation of
antioxidant enzymes' activity by Aloe Vera leaf active principles isolated via supercritical carbon dioxide
extraction
7. Anti bacterial and Anti fungal activities:
Extracts from Aloe Vera were found to have antibacterial and anti fungal activities 4,35,36,37,38
8. Moisturizing and anti-aging effect:
Aloe is rich in mucopolysaccharides which help in binding moisture to the skin. Aloe stimulates fibroblasts to
produce collagen and elastic fibers thereby making the skin more elastic and less wrinkled. It also has cohesive
effects on the superficial flaking epidermal cells by sticking them together, which softens the skin. The amino
acids present in Aloe gel also soften hardened skin cells. Zinc present in the gel acts as an astringent & tightens
the pores. Aloe Vera gel gloves improved the skin integrity, decreased appearance of fine wrinkles and
erythematic in the treatment of dry skin associated with occupational exposure indicating its moisturizing
effects
9. Effects on skin exposure to UV and gamma radiation:
Aloe Vera gel has been reported to have a protective effect against radiation damage to the skin. Though exact
role is not known, but following the administration of Aloe Vera gel, metallothionein, an antioxidant protein is
generated in the skin, which scavenges free radicals 11. Effects on skin exposure to UV and gamma radiation:
Aloe Vera gel has been reported to have a protective effect against radiation damage to the skin. Though exact
role is not known, but following the administration of Aloe Vera gel, metallothionein, an antioxidant protein is
generated in the skin, which scavenges free radicals
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10. Role of Aloe Vera in dentistry:
Aloe Vera extracts were found to be effective in the maintain of oral heigin Wynnalso reported application of
Aloe Vera gel in dentistry.
Synonyms:
1) Aloe barbadensis Mill.
2) Aloe barbadensis var. chinensis Haw
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asphodelaceae
Subfamily: Asphodeloideae
Genus: Aloe
Species: A. vera
Cultivation
As an ornamental plant
Aloe vera has been widely grown as an ornamental plant. The species is popular with modern gardeners as a
topical medicinal plant and for its interesting flowers, form, and succulence. This succulence enables the species
to survive in areas of low natural rainfall, making it ideal for rockeries and other low water-use gardens. The
species is hardy in zones 8–11, and is intolerant of heavy frost and snow. The species is relatively resistant to
most insect pests, though spider mites, mealy bugs, scale insects, and aphid species may cause a decline in plant
health. This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden
In pots, the species requires well-drained, sandy potting soil, and bright, sunny conditions. Aloe plants can turn
red from sunburn under too much direct sun, though gradual acclimation may help. The use of a good-quality
commercial propagation mix or packaged "cacti and succulent mix" is recommended, as they allow good
drainage. Terra cotta pots are preferable as they are porous. Potted plants should be allowed to completely dry
before rewatering. When potted, aloes can become crowded with "pups" growing from the sides of the "mother
plant". Plants that have become crowded can be divided and repotted to allow room for further growth, or the
pups can be left with the mother plant. During winter, Aloe vera may become dormant, during which little
moisture is required. In areas that receive frost or snow, the species is best kept indoors or in heated
glasshouses. Houseplants requiring similar care include haworthia and agave.
There is large-scale agricultural production of Aloe vera in Australia, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, China,
Mexico, India,[51] Jamaica,[52] Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa,[53] Spain,[54] and the United States,[55] with
much of the output going toward the cosmetics industry.[4]
Uses
1) Two substances from Aloe vera – a clear gel and its yellow latex – are used to manufacture commercial
products. Aloe gel typically is used to make topical medications for skin conditions, such as burns, wounds,
frostbite, rashes, psoriasis, cold sores, or dry skin. Aloe latex is used individually or manufactured as a product
with other ingredients to be ingested for relief of constipation. Aloe latex may be obtained in a dried form called
resin or as "aloe dried juice".
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2) There is conflicting evidence regarding whether Aloe vera is effective as a treatment for wounds or
burns.There is some evidence that topical use of aloe products might relieve symptoms of certain skin
disorders, such as psoriasis, acne, or rashes, but topical application may cause an allergic reaction in some
people.
3) Aloe vera gel is used commercially as an ingredient in yogurts, beverages, and some desserts, but at high or
prolonged doses, ingesting aloe latex or whole leaf extract can be toxic. Use of topical aloe vera in small
amounts is likely to be safe
III. EVALUATION TEST
Evaluation:
The herbal soap formulated was evaluated for the following:
1. PH
2. Foam height
3. Foam retention
4. stability studies
5. Thermal stability
6. Microbial growth
7. Determination of percentage free alkali
8. Alcohol insoluble matter
9. Total fatty matter
10. Cleaning efficiency by thumb impression test
A] organoleptic evaluation: -
• Color: orange
• Odour: Aromatic
• Appearance: -Good
B] Physical evaluation test:
The herbal soap formulated was evaluated for the following properties:
1) PH: -
The pH was determined by using pH paper. pH was found to be 7, basic in nature, compatible to skin pH Figure:
PH Scale
2) Foam height-
0.5 g of sample of soap was dispersed in 25 ml distilled water. Then, transferred it into 100 ml measuring
cylinder and the volume was made up to 50 ml with water. Twenty-five strokes were given and allowed to
stand till aqueous volume measured up to 50 ml and the foam height above the aqueous volume was measured
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3) Foam retention-
About 1% soap solution was prepared and from this, 25 ml was taken in a 100 ml measuring cylinder. The
cylinder was covered with hand and shaken for 10 min. The volume of foam at 1 min intervals for 4 min was
recorded.
4) Stability studies-
The stability studies were carried out as per ICH guidelines. the soap filled in bottle and keep in humidity
chamber maintained at30 to 2, 60 to5 and 70 to 5/RH for two months. At the end of the studies sample were
analysed for the physical properties and viscosity. High moisture content it well be affect on the soap.
5) Thermal stability-
Thermal stability of the formulation was determined by the humidity chamber controlled at 60-70/ RH at room
temperature. This soap is mainly stable at room temperature increases it mainly unstable.
6) Microbial growth-
Using agar plates the plates were placed in to the incubator and are incubator at 37c for 24 hours and
compared with standard.
7) Determination of percentage free alkali-
About 5 g of sample was added to 50 ml of neutralized alcohol and was boiled for 30 min under reflux on a
water bath, then cooled and to it 1 ml of phenolphthalein solution was added. It was then titrated immediately
with 0.1 N HCl.
8) Alcohol-insoluble matter-
In a conical flask, 5 g of sample was taken. To this, 50 ml of warm ethanol was added and it was shaken
vigorously, until the sample was dissolved completely. The solution was filtered through a tare filter paper
along with 20 ml warm ethanol and dried it at 105°C for 1 h. The weight of dried paper was noted.
9) Total fatty matter (TFM)-
TFM was estimated by reacting soap with acid in the presence of hot water and calculating the fatty acids
obtained . 10 g of the formulated soap was dissolved in 150 ml distilled water and heated. To this, 20 ml of 15%
H2SO4added while heating until a clear solution was obtained. Fatty acids that are present on the surface of the
resulting solution are solidified by adding 7 g beeswax and heated again. Then, it was allowed to cake. Cake was
removed and blotted to dry and weighed to obtain the TFM using the formula.
% TFM=(Weight of the cake–Weight of the wax) in g/Weight of the soap in g×100
Moisture content-
The moisture content was used to estimate the percentage of water in the soap by drying the soap to a constant
weight. The soap was weighed and recorded as “wet weight of sample” and was dried from 100 to 115°C using
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a dryer [21]. The sample was cooled and weighed to find the “dry weight of sample.” The moisture content was
determined using the formula.
10) Cleaning efficiency by thumb impression test-
Thumbs of hands exposed to environments were placed gently placed on a sterile nutrient agar medium plate
by maintaining proper distance. Then, the impression of one thumb washed with the medicinal soap and the
other thumb washed with the control soap was placed on the same nutrient agar medium plate separately and
carefully without convergence of thumbprints. The behavior of microbial growth on the plates was observed
after an incubation period of 24 h at
IV. CONCLUSION
The formulated soap showed considerable antibacterial activity as the commercial standard and all the other
parameters were good and hence, it can be concluded that the formulated herbal soap must be standardized
and can be used as a promising alternative to commercial chemical containing skin whitening soaps. Aloevera
soap is most widely used in skin irritation , acne, protect from sunlight ,face wash and moisture
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