Python Programming Fundamentals Cheat Sheet

Package/Method Description Syntax and Code Example

Syntax:
statement1 and statement2

Example:
Returns `True` if both statement1 and statement2 are `True`. Otherwise, returns
AND marks = 90
`False`. attendance_percentage = 87
if marks >= 80 and attendance_percentage >= 85:
print("qualify for honors")
else:
print("Not qualified for honors")
# Output = qualify for honors

Syntax:
class ClassName: # Class attributes and methods

Defines a blueprint for creating objects and defining their attributes and Example:
Class Definition
behaviors.
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age

Syntax:
def function_name(parameters): # Function body
A `function` is a reusable block of code that performs a specific task or set of
Define Function
tasks when called. Example:
def greet(name): print("Hello,", name)

Syntax:
variable1 == variable2

Example 1:
5 == 5
Equal(==) Checks if two values are equal.
returns True

Example 2:
age = 25 age == 30

returns False

Syntax:
for variable in sequence: # Code to repeat

Example 1:

A `for` loop repeatedly executes a block of code for a specified number of for num in range(1, 10):
For Loop print(num)
iterations or over a sequence of elements (list, range, string, etc.).
Example 2:
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange", "grape", "kiwi"]
for fruit in fruits:
print(fruit)

Syntax:
function_name(arguments)
A function call is the act of executing the code within the function using the
Function Call
provided arguments. Example:
greet("Alice")

Syntax:
variable1 >= variable2

Example 1:
5 >= 5 and 9 >= 5

Greater Than or
Checks if the value of variable1 is greater than or equal to variable2. returns True
Equal To(>=)
Example 2:
quantity = 105
minimum = 100
quantity >= minimum
 returns True

Syntax:
variable1 > variable2

Example 1: 9 > 6

returns True
Greater Than(>) Checks if the value of variable1 is greater than variable2.
Example 2:
age = 20
max_age = 25
age > max_age

returns False

Syntax:
if condition: #code block for if statement

If Statement Executes code block `if` the condition is `True`. Example:

if temperature > 30:
print("It's a hot day!")

Syntax:
if condition1:
# Code if condition1 is True
elif condition2:
# Code if condition2 is True
else:
# Code if no condition is True

Executes the first code block if condition1 is `True`, otherwise checks Example:
If-Elif-Else
condition2, and so on. If no condition is `True`, the else block is executed.
score = 85 # Example score
if score >= 90:
print("You got an A!")
elif score >= 80:
print("You got a B.")
else:
print("You need to work harder.")
# Output = You got a B.

Syntax:
if condition: # Code, if condition is True
else: # Code, if condition is False

Executes the first code block if the condition is `True`, otherwise the second Example:
If-Else Statement
block.
if age >= 18:
print("You're an adult.")
else:
print("You're not an adult yet.")

Syntax:
variable1 <= variable2

Example 1:
5 <= 5 and 3 <= 5
Less Than or Equal
Checks if the value of variable1 is less than or equal to variable2. returns True
To(<=)
Example 2:
size = 38
max_size = 40
size <= max_size

returns True

Syntax:
variable1 < variable2

Example 1:
4 < 6

Less Than(<) Checks if the value of variable1 is less than variable2. returns True

Example 2:
score = 60
passing_score = 65
score < passing_score

returns True

Syntax:
 for: # Code to repeat
if # boolean statement
break
for: # Code to repeat
if # boolean statement
continue

Example 1:
`break` exits the loop prematurely. `continue` skips the rest of the current for num in range(1, 6):
Loop Controls
iteration and moves to the next iteration. if num == 3:
break
print(num)

Example 2:
for num in range(1, 6):
if num == 3:
continue
print(num)

Syntax:
!variable

NOT Returns `True` if variable is `False`, and vice versa. Example:

!isLocked

returns True if the variable is False (i.e., unlocked).

Syntax:
variable1 != variable2

Example:
a = 10
b = 20
a != b
Not Equal(!=) Checks if two values are not equal.
returns True

Example 2:
count=0
count != 0

returns False

Syntax:
object_name = ClassName(arguments)
Object Creation Creates an instance of a class (object) using the class constructor.
Example:
person1 = Person("Alice", 25)

Syntax:
statement1 || statement2

Returns `True` if either statement1 or statement2 (or both) are `True`. Otherwise, Example:
OR
returns `False`.
"Farewell Party Invitation"
Grade = 12 grade == 11 or grade == 12

returns True

Syntax:
range(stop)
range(start, stop)
range(start, stop, step)
range() Generates a sequence of numbers within a specified range.
Example:
range(5) #generates a sequence of integers from 0 to 4.
range(2, 10) #generates a sequence of integers from 2 to 9.
range(1, 11, 2) #generates odd integers from 1 to 9.

Syntax:
return value

Return Statement `Return` is a keyword used to send a value back from a function to its caller. Example:
def add(a, b): return a + b
result = add(3, 5)

Syntax:
try: # Code that might raise an exception except
ExceptionType: # Code to handle the exception

Tries to execute the code in the try block. If an exception of the specified type
 Try-Except Block occurs, the code in the except block is executed. Example:
try:
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input. Please enter a valid number.")

Syntax:
try: # Code that might raise an exception except
ExceptionType: # Code to handle the exception
else: # Code to execute if no exception occurs

Try-Except with Example:

Code in the `else` block is executed if no exception occurs in the try block.
Else Block
try:
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input. Please enter a valid number")
else:
print("You entered:", num)

Syntax:
try: # Code that might raise an exception except
ExceptionType: # Code to handle the exception
finally: # Code that always executes

Example:
Try-Except with Code in the `finally` block always executes, regardless of whether an exception
Finally Block occurred. try:
file = open("data.txt", "r")
data = file.read()
except FileNotFoundError:
print("File not found.")
finally:
file.close()

Syntax:
while condition: # Code to repeat
A `while` loop repeatedly executes a block of code as long as a specified
While Loop Example:
condition remains `True`.
count = 0 while count < 5:
print(count) count += 1

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