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The document is a math assignment for a course on Ordinary Differential Equations, containing various problems and initial value problems (IVPs) to solve. It includes questions that require obtaining general solutions for differential equations and solving specific IVPs. Additionally, it features advanced topics such as Riccati equations and applications related to radioactive decay and epidemic modeling.

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Mohamed Mahfouz
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2 views

sheet1

The document is a math assignment for a course on Ordinary Differential Equations, containing various problems and initial value problems (IVPs) to solve. It includes questions that require obtaining general solutions for differential equations and solving specific IVPs. Additionally, it features advanced topics such as Riccati equations and applications related to radioactive decay and epidemic modeling.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Mahfouz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATH 202

Ordinary Differential Equations


Sheet#1
Instructors: Teaching Assistants:
Dr. Ahmed Abdelsamea, F014-A-AB Ahmed Attia
Room # F022/23-A-AB
Question (1):
Obtain the general solution of the following differential equations:
𝑑𝑣
1) 𝑥 = √1 − 𝑣 2 .
𝑑𝑥

2) 𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 2 = 𝑥√𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 .

3) 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑦 ′ + 2𝑒 2𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 .

4) 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 3 = 𝑥𝑦.

𝑑𝑦 3−2𝑦
5) =
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥+𝑦+1

6) (2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 4)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 2)𝑑𝑦 = 0

7) 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥

8) 𝑦(1 + 𝑒 𝑥 )𝑑𝑦 + (𝑦 4 + 1)𝑑𝑥 = 0;.


9) (𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑒 −𝑦⁄𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0.
10) (𝑡 3 ) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 𝑡 2 +𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑡 = 0.
11) (√𝑥 + 𝑦 + √𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (√𝑥 − 𝑦 − √𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑦 1−𝑥−𝑦
12) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+𝑦
𝑑𝑦
13) = sec 2 (2𝑦 − 2𝑥 − 5)
𝑑𝑥

14) (2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 4)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 2)𝑑𝑦 = 0


15) 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑦 3 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ = 0;.
16) 𝑦𝑦 ′ + 𝑥 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 .
17) 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 − 20)𝑑𝑦 = 0.
𝑑𝑦
18) = (𝑦 + 1)(𝑦 − 2).
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥+2𝑦−1
19) =
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥+𝑦+3
𝑑𝑦
20) = 𝑒 6𝑥+3𝑦−8 + 𝑒 8−6𝑥−3𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
21) (𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 ) = √𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + 5
𝑑𝑥

22) 𝑥𝑦 ′ + (1 + 𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥 sin 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑦2
23) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑒 𝑦 −2𝑥𝑦

𝑑𝑦 3 12𝑦 2/3
24) + 𝑦=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 √1+𝑥 2
1+5𝑥𝑦 3/4 2𝑥 5/4 𝑦 3/4 −𝑥 1/4
25) ( 3/4 1/4 ) 𝑑𝑥 + ( ) 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥 𝑦 𝑦 5/4

26) (𝑦 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0


27) 𝑥𝑦(2𝑙𝑛(𝑥𝑦) + 1)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
28) 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦(𝑥 3 + 𝑒 −3𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑦))𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦
29) (𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥

30) (𝑦 2 √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0


31) (𝑦 sec 2 𝑥 + sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (tan 𝑥 + 2𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
32) (𝜃 2 + 1) cos 𝑟 𝑑𝑟 + 2𝜃 sin 𝑟 𝑑𝜃 = 0
𝑑𝑦 𝑦+1 2
33) (𝑦ln 𝑥) =( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
Question (2):
Solve the following IVPs:
1) 𝑦 2 √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = sin−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥; 𝑦(0) = 0
𝑥𝑦+𝑥
2) 𝑦 ′ = ; 𝑦(2) = 0
𝑦

3) 𝑢(𝑑𝑢 − 𝑑𝑣) + 𝑣(𝑑𝑣 − 𝑑𝑢); 𝑣(0) = 1

𝑑𝑥
4) 𝑡 + 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 ; 𝑥(𝜋) = 1
𝑑𝑡

5) 𝑥𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 = 𝑥; 𝑦(1) = 2

𝑑𝑦 2𝑥−𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥𝑦)−𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥) 𝜋


6) = ; 𝑦(0) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥𝑦)−2𝑦+𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑦) 4

7) 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥(𝑙𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑙𝑛 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0; 𝑦(1) = 𝑒


8) (2𝑥𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 + 4𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0; 𝑦(1) = 2
9) (1 + 𝑥 4 )𝑑𝑦 + 𝑥(1 + 4𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 0; 𝑦(1) = 0
10) (3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 3 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥 3 𝑦 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 + 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0; 𝑦(−2) = 1
3
11) 𝑦 ′ + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥 sin 𝑥 ; 𝑦(0) = 1.
3𝑦 2 −𝑡 2 𝑡
12) (
𝑦5
) 𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦4 = 0; 𝑦(1) = 1.
1
13) 𝑦 ′ + 𝑥𝑦 = 3𝑥; 𝑦(0) = 0
𝑥 2 +1

𝑑𝑥
14) (𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 ) = 𝑥𝑦 ; 𝑦(−1) = 1.
𝑑𝑦

15) 2𝑦𝑦 ′ + 1 = 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 ; 𝑦(0) = 1.


𝑑𝑦
16) √𝑦 + 𝑦 3/2 = 1, 𝑦(0) = 4
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −2𝑦+(𝑥−1)(𝑥+1)3 𝑒 −𝑦
17) = (𝑦+1)(𝑥 2 −1)
; 𝑦(0) = 1.
𝑑𝑥
Question (3):

1) Solve:
𝑑𝑦 −2𝑦 + (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1)3 𝑒 −𝑦
= ; 𝑦(0) = 1
𝑑𝑥 (𝑦 + 1)(𝑥 2 − 1)
using the substitution: 𝑧 = 𝑦𝑒 𝑦

2) Consider the following Differential Equation (Riccati Equation):


𝑦 ′ = 𝑝(𝑥) + 𝑞(𝑥)𝑦 + 𝑟(𝑥)𝑦 2
If 𝑢 is a solution of the given DE, use the transformation:
1
𝑦=𝑢+
𝑣

3) Prove that the solution of the DE:


𝑑 𝑦′
𝑘− ( )=0
𝑑𝑥 √1 + (𝑦 ′ )2

is a circle equation considering that 𝑘 is a constant. Then, find the center and
radius of this circle given that 𝑦(−1) = 𝑦(1) = 0

4) Verify that for any choices of the constants A and B, the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 +
𝐴𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 −𝑥 is a solution of the ODE: 𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 = 2 − 𝑥 2

5) Prove that if the equations 𝑀1 (𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁1 (𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0 and 𝑀2 (𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 +
𝑁2 (𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0 are exact then the equation (𝑀1 (𝑥, 𝑦) + 𝑀2 (𝑥, 𝑦))𝑑𝑥 +
(𝑁1 (𝑥, 𝑦) + 𝑁2 (𝑥, 𝑦))𝑑𝑦 = 0 is also exact.

𝑑𝑦
6) Show that any equations that can be written in the form of 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑦) =0
𝑑𝑥

is exact and find its general solution. Hence find the solution of:
𝑑𝑦
a) 𝑣 ′ (𝑥) + 2𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 2
b) ( − 𝑎) + −𝑏 =0
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
7) Solve: 𝑥𝑦 ′′ + 2𝑦 ′ = 6𝑥

8) Solve: 𝑦𝑦 ′′ = (𝑦 ′ )2

Question (4):
1) A radioactive substance A decays into B, which then further decays to C.

a) If the decay constants of A and B are respectively 𝜆1 and 𝜆2 (the decay constant is by definition
(ln 2/half-life)), and the initial amounts are respectively 𝐴0 and 𝐵0, set up an ODE for determining
B(t), the amount of B present at time t, and solve it. (Assume 𝜆1 ≠ 𝜆2 ).

b) Assume 𝜆1 = 1 and 𝜆2 = 2. Tell when B(t) reaches a maximum.

2) Suppose that you have a closed system containing 1000 individuals. Corona flu epidemic
starts. Let 𝑁(𝑡) represent the number of infected individuals in the closed system at time t.
Assume that the rate, at which the number of infected individuals is changing, is jointly
proportional to the number of infected individual and to the number of uninfected individuals.
Furthermore, suppose that when 100 individuals are infected, the rate at which individuals are
becoming infected is 90 individuals per day. If 20 individuals are infected at time 𝑡 = 0, when
will 90% of the population be infected?
Hint: the assumption here is that there are only healthy individuals and sick individuals.
3) The rate of change of the volume of a snowball that is melting is proportional to the surface
area of the snowball. Suppose the snowball is perfectly spherical. The volume (in centimeters
4
cubed) of a ball of radius r centimeters is 3 𝜋𝑟 3 . The surface area is 4𝜋𝑟 2 . Set up the

differential equation for how the radius r is changing. Then, suppose that at time 𝑡 =
0 minutes, the radius is 10 centimeters. After 5 minutes, the radius is 8 centimeters. At what
time t will the snowball be completely melted?

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