CHUYEN DE 3. DINH LUAT BAO TOAN KHOI LUQNG PHUONG TRINH HOA HOC I. Dinh luit bao toan khéi lwong dung dinh luat bao toan khéi lwong = Dinh luat bio toan khéi long (DL BTKL): Trong mét phan tg h6a hoc, téng khéi luong cae chat sin pham bang tong khoi long cita cdc chat tham gia phan tng. Giai thich: Trong eae phan tig héa hoe, chi e6 cae lién két gita cde nguyén tt thay d6i con luong nguyén tr mdi nguyén t6 van git nguyén nén tng khdi lwong cae chat duge bao toan. 2. Ap dung dinh luat bao toan khéi lwong - Xét phan img: A +B — C + D = Phuong trinh bao toin khoi lvong: m, + ms = me + mo. =Trong mét phin tng cé n chit, khi biét khéi lwong cia (n - 1) chat thi ta sé tinh duoc khéi lugng ca chat con Iai. IL. Phuong trinh héa hoc 1. Phuong trinh héa hoc = Phuong trinh héa hoc 1a cach thire biéu dién phan ing héa hoc bang céng thite héa hoc cia cde chit tham gia phan img va cdc chit san phim. VD: 2H, + 0, > 24,0 2. Cae bude lip phwong trinh héa hoc ~ Bude 1: Viét so 46 phan img, biéu dién chat phan img va san pham dang céng thire héa hoe, = Bude 2: Can bang sé nguyén tir mdi nguyén té: Tim hé sé thich hop dat true cde cong thie + Cach 1; Phuong phap chin —1é. + Cach 2: Phuong phap cn bang theo thir tw: KL + PK + H+ 0. ~ Buée 3: Viét phurong trinh héa hoe hon chinh, Chi: ¢ H@ sé viét ngang v6i ki higu eta chit, ‘© Khdng thay déi chi s6 cia céng thie da viét ding. ‘© Néu trong céng thite héa hoc c6 nhém nguyén tir (OH, NO,, SO,, ...) thi coi ca nhom nhu mét don vi dé can bing. 3. Y nghia cia phwong trinh héa hoc = Phuong trinh héa hoe cho i118 vé sé nguyén ut, sé phan tr gita cde chat cfing nhw timg cp chat trong phan img. Ti 1é nay bing dling ti 1é hé s6 ctia mdi chat trong phuong trinh hoaDINH LU. ONE TOA Vi DY MINH HOA Cau 1. [KNTT - SGK] Carbon tie dung véi oxygen theo so dé: +©0—0G0 car Oxygen Carbondioxide Giai thich tai sao khdi Itrgng carbon dioxide bing tong khéi lrgng carbon va oxygen? Cau 2. [CD - SGK] Giai quyét tinh huéng: (a) Khi dét chay hoan toan mét mau gé, ta thu dugc tro cé khéi lrong nhe hon ban dau. Theo em, su thay d6i khdi long nay c6 mau thuan véi dinh luat bio toan khéi lugng khéng? (b) DE xudt cic bude tién hanh thi nghiém dé kiém chimg dinh Iuat bao toan khdi wong trong tinh hudng trén, Cau 3. [CD - SGK] Tinh khéi long FeS tao thanh trong phan tmg cia Fe va S, biét khéi long cua Fe va S da tham gia phan tmg Lin lugt La 7 gam vi 4 gam. Cau 4. Dét chay hét 9 gam kim loai magnesium (Mg) trong khong khi thu duoc 15 gam hop chat magnesium oxide (MgO). Biét ring, magnesium chay li xay ra phan img v6i khi oxygen (O.) trong khong khi (a) Viet phuong trinh chi eta phan img. (b) Viét cong thire vé khéi lwong ctia phan img xay ra. (©) Tinh kh6i hrong cua khi oxygen da phan tng. ‘Cau 5. Cho kém (Zine) phan img v6i hydrochloric acid (HCI) tgo thinh mudi zine chloride (ZnC1,) va khi hydrogen (H.). (@) Viét phurong trinh chit eta phan ig. (b) Viét céng thie vé khdi Luong cita cdc chat trong phan tng. (c) Cho biét khéi Inong ca kém va hydrochloric acid da phan mg 1a 6,5 gam va 7,3 gam, khéi Iuong cia zine chloride 1a 13,6 gam. Hay tinh khdi long khi hydrogen bay Ién. Ciu 6. Cho 14,2 gam sodium sulfate (Na,SO.) phan img vira du vi barium chloride (BaCl,) sau phan img thu duge 23,3 gam barium sulfate (BaSO,) va 11,7 gam sodium chloride (NaCl). (a) Viét céng thite vé khdi Iwong cua cdc chat trong phan ig. (b) Hay tinh khdi hrong barium chloride (BaCl.) da tham gia phan img. Cau 7. Dun néng manh hén hop gém 28 g bét sit (iron) va 20 g b6t hu huynh (sulfur) thu duge 44 g chat iron (II) sulfide (FeS) mau xam. Biét rang, dé cho phan tng xay ra het nguwéi ta d3 lay du hue hujnh (sulfur). (a) Viét céng the vé khdi Iuong cia cae chat trong phan tmg. (b) Tinh kh6i Itong Iu hum (sulfur) kay du Cau 8. Calcium carbonate (CaCO,) la thinh phan chinh cita da véi. Khi nung da véi xay ra phan img hiba hoe sau: Calcium carbonate + Caleium oxide + carbon dioxide Biét rng khi nung 280 kg da vai tao ra 140 kg calcium oxide (CaO — voi sng) va 110 kg khi carbon dioxide (CO). (a) Viet céng thie vé khdi Luong cua cdc chat trong phan ung. (b) Tinh ti 18 phan tram vé khdi long calcium carbonate chira trong da vdi. m, Pls, = — 100% Goi: Ma wtCf 9, Hay gidi thich vi sao: (a) Khi nung néng cue da véi (calcium carbonate) thi thay khéi lwong giam di (tham khao phan tng nung da voi 6 bai trén). (b) Khi nung néng miéng ding trong khéng khi (cé khi oxygen) thi thay khdi long tang lén (biét ring kim loai déng eting cé phan img voi khong khi trong ty kim loai magnesium) Cau 10. Biét ring hydrochloric acid c6 phan tmg véi chat calcium carbonate tao ra chat calcium chloride, nude va khi carbon dioxide, Mot /\ cdc dung dung dich hydrochloric acid (1) va cue da véi (2) (thanh phan /\ chinh 1a calcium carbonate) duge dat trén dia can. Trén dia cin thir hai / \ dit qua edn (3) vita dit cho can 6 vi tri thing bing, Bé cue da voi vao dung dich hydrochloric acid, sau mét thi gian phan img cn s® 6 vi tri ndo: A, B, hay C. Giai thich, ‘Cau 11. Dan 36 gam hon hop khi gom khi carbon monoxide (CO) va khi hydrogen (H,) di tir tir vao binh dmg 139,2 gam bét iron (II, III) oxide (Fe,O.) dun néng 6 nhiét d6 cao, sau phan ting thu duge m gam sat (iron), 74,4 gam hén hop khi carbonic (CO,) va hoi nude. (a) Viet céng thite vé khdi long cua cdc chat trong phan tng. (b) Tinh khéi wong sat (iron) thu duoc. BAI TAP TU LUYEN Cau 12. (a) Phat biéu dinh luat bao toan khdi luong. (b) Giai thich vi sao trong mét phan tmg hoa hoc tng khoi Iuong cdc chat duge bao toan, Cu 13. [KNTT - SGK] Sau khi dét chdy than t6 ong (thanh phin chinh 1a carbon) thi thu duge xi than. Xi than nang hon hay nhe hon than té ong? Giai thich. Cau 14. [KNTT - SGK] V6i séng (calcium oxide) phan img vi mét sé chat c6 mat kh6ng khi nhu sau: Caleium oxide + Carbon dioxide — Calcium carbonate Calcium oxide + Nude > Calcium hydroxide Khi lam thi nghiém, m6t hoe sinh quén day nap lo dung voi song (thanh phan chinh la CaO), sau mét thoi gian thi khéi Luong ctia lo sé thay d6i nhu thé nao? Cau 15. Nung 5 tin da véi (CaCO,) thu duoc 2,8 tin véi séng (CaO) va khi carbonic (CO.), (@) Viét phwrong trinh chit cua phan img xay ra, (b) Viét céng thie vé khéi long cita phan tng xay ra. (©) Tinh khéi long Khi carbonic thoat ra. Cau 16. Dét chay 48 gam metan trong khi oxygen sinh ra 132 gam khi carbon dioxide vi 108 gam nude duoc biéu dién theo phuong trinh chit sau: metan + khi oxygen — khi carbon dioxide + nude. (a) Viet cng thie khdi long cua phan img xay ra.(b) Tinh khéi lvong cua khi oxygen tham gia phan tng. Cau 17. Mét thanh sat (iron) nang 560 gam dé ngoai khéng khi bi khi oxygen phan tng tao thanh gi 1a iron (II, IID oxide ¢6 cng thie 1a Fe.O,. Dem cn thanh sit (iron) thi ngng $76 gam. (a) Viét phurong trinh chit cho phan tmg niy. (b) Viet cng thite khdi long eta phan ting xy ra, (©) Khi oxygen di phin img bao nhigu gam? Cau 18. Nung hén hop gém hai mudi calcium carbonate (CaCO,) va magnesium carbonate (MgCO,) thu duge 76 gam rin va 66 gam khi carbonic (CO.). Tinh khéi luong cua hai mudi ban dau. Cau 19. Nung néng 200 gam iron (II) hydroxide (Fe(OH),) mét théi gian thu duoc 80 gam iron (IID oxide (Fe.0,) va 27 gam nude (HO), (a) Viét céng thite vé khdi long cua cdc chat trong phan img. (b) Tinh phan tram khdi luong Fe(OH), 3 bj phan huy. Cau 20. Bé diéu ché aluminium sulfide (AL,S,) ngudi ta dem nung trong khong khi 27 gam nhém (aluminium) va 60 gam Iuu hujnh (sulfur). Sau khi phan ing két thie chi thu duge 75 gam aluminium sulfide. Biét ring, dé cho phan tg xay ra hét nguoi ta da lay du Luu huynh. (a) Viét cong thie vé khdi Iwong ctia cdc chat trong phan img. (b) Tinh kh6i lwong Luu hujnh (sulfur) kay dur Céu 21. Biét ring calcium oxide (CaO — véi séng) héa hop véi nude tao ra calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH); ~ voi ti), chat nay tan duge trong made, cit 56 gam CaO héa hop vita dit voi 18 gam H. B6 2.8 gam CaO vao tong mét cdc kin chira 400 ml nude tao ra dung dich Ca(OH),, edn goi ki made voi trong (a) Tinh khdi long ciia calcium hydroxide. (b) Tinh khéi long cita dung dich Ca(OH)., gia str nude trong céc li nude tinh khiét (D = g/ml). Vi DY MINH HOA Cf 1. [CD - SGK] (a) Lip phuong trinh héa hoe ciia phan img magnesium (Mg) tic dung véi oxygen (O:) tao thanh magnesium oxide (MgO). (b) Lip phuong trinh héa hoc cia phan ting khi cho dung dich sodium carbonate (Na,CO,) tae dung voi dung dich calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH),) tao thanh calcium carbonate (CaCO,) khéng tan (két tia) va sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Cau 2. [KNTT - SGK] Lap phuong trinh héa hoc va xic dinh ti 18 s6 phan tir ctia cde chdt trong so 4} phan tg héa hge sau: NaCO, + Ba(OH): ~~ > BaCO, + NaOH Cau 3. [CTST - SGK] Lap phuong trinh héa hoc va cho biét ti 1¢ s6 nguyén ti va sé phan tir cla cdc chat trong mdi so dé phan tng sau: (a) Na+ 0, --7NaO (b) Na,CO, + Ba(OH), —- NaOH + BaCO, Cau 4. Cho cae so 46 phan img sau: @Na+0, —— > NaO (b) Al+ 0, ~~ > ALO, (©Fe+ Ch —~> Fel, (@) P.O. +0 ~~ > HPO, (©) Fe(OH), ~~ > Fe.0, + HO (KCIO, —- > Kel +0;Hay lap phuong trinh héa hoc va cho biét ti 1é sé nguyén tir, s6 phan tir cua cde chat tong méi phan ung. Cau 5. Cho cae so dé phan ig sau: (@) Mg + HCl ~~ > MgCl. + H. (b) Fe.0, + HCL ~~ > FeCl, + H.0 (©) Al+ HCL ~~ > AICI + Hs (@) CH. +0, —-> CO, + H.0 (e) BaCl, + AgNO, ~~ > Ba(NO,), + AgCl (® Al(SO,), + Ba(OH), ~~ > AI(OH), + BaSO, (g) Cu+ H.SO, ~~~ CuSO, + SO. + H.0. (h) FeS, +O, ~~ —> Fe,0, + SO. () K.Cr0, + HCL —- > KCI + CrCl, + Cl + HO) Hay lap phuong trinh héa hoe va cho biét ti 1é sé nguyén tit, sé phan tir ea ede chit trong mdi phan img. Cau 6. Hay lap phuong trinh héa hoc va viét biéu thi cla dinh ludt bao toan khdi luong cho mi phan img sau: (a) Phosphorus dé tac dung voi khi oxygen tao ra hop chit diphosphorus pentoxide (P,O.) (b) Kim loai magnesium tic dung v6i sulfuric acid (H,SO,) tao ra hop chat magnesium sulfate (MgSO, va tao khi hydrogen. (©) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) tic dung vii sulfuric acid (H.SO.) tao ra hop chat sodium sulfate (Na,SO,) va nude. (d) Phan hay potassium chlorate (KCIO,) thu duoc potassium chloride (KCI) va khi oxygen. ‘Au 7. Cho so a6 phan img sau: AL+ CuO. —> ALO, + Cu (a) Lap phwong trinh héa hoe ctia phan img. (b) Cho biet ti 1é sé phan tir ctia 4 cp chat trong phan tmg (tay chon). ‘Cf 8. Cho sor dé phan img sau: Na.CO, + CaCl, ——> CaCO, + NaCl (a) Lap phuong trinh héa hoe cua phan img. (b) Cho biét ti1é s6 phan tir eta 4 cap chat trong phan tg (tiy chon), Cau 9. Biét ring kim loai nhém (aluminium) tic dung voi sulfuric acid (H.SO,) tao ra hop chat aluminium sulfate Al(SO.), va khi hydrogen, (a) Viét phuong trinh héa hoc cita phin img. Hiéu nhw thé nao vé ti 1é sé nguyén i, sé phan tir gitta cdc chat trong phan img? (b) Néu c6 6 nguyén tr Al sé téc dung duge véi bao nhigu phan ttr H.SO,, tgo ra bao nhigu phan wr AL(SO,), va bao nhiéu phan ti H.O. (c) Ciing cu hoi nhw trén néu c6 6,02.10" nguyén ti AL Ciu 10. Hay chon hé sé va céng thite héa hoe thich hop dat vao chd cé dau héi trong cde so dé phan img sau dé viet thinh phuong trinh héa hoe: (a) 2Cu +? ———> 2Cu0 (b) ?+ 2HCl ~~~ ZnCl, +H, (¢) CaO + 2HNO, ~~ —> Ca(NO,), + ? (@) 2Al(OH), ~~ > ? + 30 (©) Fe+ AgNO, ~~ > 2+ 2Ag (0) 2NaOH +? ~~ —> Fe(OH), + NaCl (Cau 11. Lip phuong trinh héa hoc ting véi cde so dé phan tmg sau diy? (a) Al+ FeO, ~~ > ALO, + Fe (b) Fe.0, + CO ~~ > Fe + CO, (©) FeO, +CO ~~ > Fe + C0, (@) FeO, + HCl ~~ > FeCl + FeCl, + HO(©) Fe(OH); +0. +O ~~ Fe(OH), () Fe(OH), + 0, ~~ > Fe,0, + HO (g) CHO +0, ~~ > CO. +H. (2) CHO, + 0, ~~ > CO, + HY @ CHN +0, -~ > CO, +N 1.0 (®) CHON+0, ~~ CO, +N.+HO ()Na.CO, + CaCl, ~~ > CaCO, + NaCl (m) Ba(OH), + HPO, ~~ > Ba(PO,), + H.0 (a) Na,SO, + Ba(NO,), ~~ > BaSO, + NaNO, (0) (NHL).SO, + B(OH): ~~ > BaSO, + NH. + H.O (p) MnO, + HCl ~~~ MnCl, + Cl, + H,O Ci 12. Lap phuong trinh héa hoc tng véi cic so dé phan img sau day (khong thay déi chi sé x,y, n néu cd). +0, -- > C0.+H.0 > CO, + H,0 > CO. +0 co, + => CO.+ 0 () CHO. + 0, —- C0, + 0 (2) CH, +0, ~~ CO. + HO (h) CHO, + 0, —- > CO. + HO (i) CH,ON, + 0, ~~ > CO, + H.0 +N, Cfu 13. Lap ludn xée dinh x, y va lap phrong trinh héa hoc eta ede phan img dudi day (khong thay di chi sé x, y néu c6), (@) FeO, + HCl ~~ > FeCl, + 0 (b) FeO + HCl ~~~ FeCl, + HO (©) Fe.0, + HNO, ~~~ Fe(NO,), + H.O (@) CuO + HNO, ~~ > Cu,(NO,), + H.0 (©) xNa_ + yHO ~~ NaOH), + yi2H @) Cuso, + AL ~~ AL(SO), + Cu (g) Fe(OH): —"> FeO, + HO (h) FeCl, + Cl, ~~ > FeCl, (@) KMnO, + HCl ~~ > MnCl + KCl, + H.0 + Ch oO ¢BAITAP TU LUYEN Cau 14. (a) Phuong trinh héa hoe biéu dién gi, g6m céng thite héa hoe eta nhiing chit nio? (b) So dé phan img khée voi phuong trink héa hoc cha phan ting 6 diém nao? (© Néu ¥ nghia cua phuong tinh héa hoc Cau 15. [CTST - SGK] Kim loai nhém (Al) véi uu diém 1a nhe, déo, din nhiét tot va d8 ding phan ting vii oxygen (O.) tao lép mang oxide mong (ALO:) bao pho bén ngoai gitp cho kim loai nhém duge bio vé ving chic trong khéng khi, Em hay lap phuong trinh héa hoe biéu dign phan img gitta kim logi nhém voi khi oxygen va giai thich tai sao ngudi ta throng ding nhém dé ché tao dé ding va dung cu nha bép. Ciu 16. [KNTT - SGK] Lap phwong trinh héa hoe cita cae phn tg sau: (@) Fe + 0, --> FeO, (b) Al + HCl ~~~ AICI, +H,(©) AL(S0.), + NaOH ~~ > Al(OH), + Na.SO, (@ CaCO, + HCI ~~ > CaCl, + CO, +0 Aw 17. Cho ede so 45 phan tng sau: @K+0.--> Ko (b) Mgt 0, —- > MgO (©Fe+HCl ~~~ FeCh +H: (d) CH, +0, ~~~ CO,+H,0 (©) Na.CO, + Ca(OH), —— > CaCO, + NaOH, (FeCl + AgNO, ~~ > Fe(NO,), + AgCL (g) Fe + HNO, ~~ > Fe(NO,), +NO+H.O () CuFeS, + 0, ~~—> CuO + Fe.0, + SO, (i) KMa0, + HCl ~~ > KCI + MnCl, + Cl, +H,0 Hay lap phuong trinh héa hoc va cho biét ti 1é sé nguyén tir, sé phan tir ctia cdc chat trong méi phan img, Ciiu 18. Hay lip phong trinh héa hoe va viét biéu thie cia dinh Iuat bio toan khdi luong cho mai phan img sau: (@) Cho kim logi magnesium téc dung v6i hydrochloric acid (HCD, sau phan img thu duge magnesium chloride (MgC1.) va khi hydrogen. (b) Suc Khi carbonic (CO.) vio dung dich sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sau phan ting thu duge sodium carbonate (Na,CO,) vi nude. (©) Nhiét phan hodn toan copper (ID) nitrate (Cu¢NO, (CuO), nitrogen dioxide (NO.) va khi oxygen. (@) Cho phosphoric acid (H,PO,) tac dung v6i sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sau phan ting thu duge sodium phosphate (Na,PO.) va nude. ‘fu 19. Cho so dé phan img sau: BaCl, + AgNO, — (a) Lap phuong trinh héa hoe cua phan img. (b) Cho biét ti 18 s6 phan tt cita 4 cap chat trong phan img (tity chon). Cau 20. Dét chay day kim loai nhém (aluminium) trong lo khi oxygen thi xay ra phan img héa hoc ), sau phan tng thu duge copper (II) oxide > AgCl+Ba(NO,), theo sor dé sau: Al + 0, ——> ALO, (@) Lap phuong trinh héa hoe eho phan img trén, (b) Cho biét ty 18 sé nguyén tir (hodc phan ti) gitta cdc chat tham gia, chat san phim? (©) Dign gid tri thich hop vao 6 cén tréng trong bang duéi day: “noni SB nguyén tir Al 6 phan tir O. Sé phiin ti ALO, Thi nghigm han ting ohn img vo thanh Thi nghigm 1 150 Thi nghigm 2 600 Thi nghiém 3 40 ‘Clu 21. Hay chon hé sb vA cong thite héa hoe thich hop dat vao chd c6 daw hoi trong ede so dé phan img sau dé viet thinh phuong trinh hoa hoe: (@) CuO + 2HNO, ~~ 2+ HO (b) 2+ 30. —~ > 3CO, + 3H.0 (©) Fe.0, + > 2FeCh + 27 H.0 @ 2 +2 ——> 7AL0, © ~~ 2H.PO, Oe tase Nano, (CH, + 2 ~~ CO, + 27.0 (2) ? AKOH), ~~ > ALO, + ?Céu 22. Cho 2,4 gam Mg phin img hodn toan véi 7,3 gam hydrochloric acid HCl tao ra 9,5 gam mudi va giai phong khi hydrogen, (a) Lap phuong trinh héa hoc. i 1¢ s6 nguyén tir magnesium va sé phan tir hydrogen. hydrogen tao thinh. Cau 23. Lap phuong trinh héa hoe tig véi cdc so dé phan tmg sau day (kh6ng thay d6i chi s6 x,y, 0 néu cd). (@) NO, +0, +H,0 ~~~ HNO, > Fe.0, +NO, +0, >NO+HO @HS+ SO, + HO (©) S0,+ Br +HO ~~—>H,SO, + HBr () CH —> C0, +H0 (g) CHO. > CO, +10 (h) Al+ Fe,0, —— > Fe + ALO, () RO, + HS0, —— > R(SO.), + FLO BAI TAP TRAC NGHIEM 1.M fornn ‘Ciw 1. Cho phin ting: A +B — C+ D, Phuong trinh bao toan khoi luong ciia phan ting 1a Asm, = ms +me+ mp. B. m,+ Mp= me + Mp, C. ms = my + Me + Mp. D. mp = m,+ ms + Me. Cau 2. Cho phan tg: A + B + C—>D. Phuong trinh bao toan khéi long ciia phan img Li Asm, + Mp + Mc = Mp B. m, = ms + Me + Mp. C.m,+my=me + mo. D. m+ ms - me = ms. ‘Ciu 3. Cho khi oxygen tac dung véi khi hydrogen, sau phan tg thu duge nude (H,0). Theo dink Juat bao toan khdi lugng ta co A My, Mg, = Mo. BM, -™, Mo, = Myo +My. pb. ™, Cu 4. Bét chéy mot miu nhom (aluminium) trong khi oxygen thi nh6m (aluminium) téc dung véi khi oxygen tgo thanh aluminium oxide (ALO). Phuong trinh héa hoe biéu dign phan img cia nh6m (aluminium) v6i khi oxygen 1a A.2A1+ 30, —"> ALO,B. 4A1 +30, "> 2AL0, 4A +60 —*>2AL0,D.2Ab +30; > 2AL0, Dot phosphorus (P) trong khi oxygen (0), thu duge diphosphorus pentoxide (P.O). Phong trinh héa hoc biéu dign ding qua trinh wén 1a ‘A, 4P+50,—92P,0, B, 2P+0,—5P,, c, P+50, 52P.0, p, 2P+50,"42P0, Cfu 6, Dét chay khi amonia (NH,) trong khi oxygen O,, thu duge Khi nito (nitrogen) va nude, Phuong trinh héa hge biéu dign ding qua trinh trén 1a A, ANH, +30, —"42N, +6H,O. B, 2NH,+0,—*5N, +H,0. . 2NH, +30, "> N, +3H,0. 1p, 4NH, +0, —" 52N, +6H,0. Cu 7. Rugu ethylic (CH,OH) chay trong khi oxygen tgo ra khi carbon dioxide va nude. Phuong trinh hod hoc biéu dién phan tng trén 1 |, C,H,OH +30, —*-52C0, +3H,0. B, C,H,OH +0, —*-52C0, +H,0.©. CH,OH+0,—" 9CO, +3H,0. Dp. CH,OH +; orgy ‘Ci 8. Trong mot phan img hod hoe, e: — CO, +H,0. chat phan img va chat tgo thanh phai chita cling A. sé nguyén tir cita mi nguyén t6. B. S6 nguyén tir trong mdi chat. C. sé phan tir trong mdi chat. D. sé nguyén té tao ra chat. Cau 9. Khoi lung trade va sau mot phan tmg hoa hoe duge bio toin vi A. sé lugng cic chit khong thay déi. B. sé long nguyén tir khong thay déi. lign két git cic nguyén tir khong d6i. D. khOng ¢6 tgo thinh chét moi. Céu 10. Khang dinh sau dy gdm 2 ¥: “Trong phin img héa hoe, chi c6 phan tir bj bién d6i cin ede nguyén tir van git nguyén, nén ting khdi lwong trvéc phan tmg luén bing ting khéi hrong sau phan img”. Hay chon phuong an ding dus diy? ALY 1 diing, ¥ 2 sai. B.Y 1 sai, ¥ 2 ding, C. Ca hai ¥ déu ding nhung ¥ | khéng giai thich cho ¥ 2. D. Ca hai déu dung va y | giai thich cho y 2. Cf 11. Phuong trinh hoa hoc néo sau day ding? A. Mg+0,—* 5Mg0,, B, Mg+O— MgO. c, 2Mg+0,— >MgO. Dp, 2Mg+0, —" »2MgO. ‘Céu 12. Phuong trinh héa hoc nio dudi day viét sai? A. Cu + 4HNO,~ Cu(NO,), + 2NO; +2H.0. B.2A1 + GHCI~ 2AIC1, + 3H. ©. 2Fe + OHCI> 2FeCl, + 3H. D. SO, + 2H,S>3S + 2H.0. ‘Cf 13. Phuong trinh héa hoe nio sau day ding? A. CH, + O; > 2CO, + H,0. B. 2C,H, +5O,— 4CO, + 2H,0. C.Ba + 0, Bao D. 2KCIO, > 2KC1 + 0, Cau 14. Cir 4 mol sit (iron) sé phan ting duge 3 mol khi oxygen. Phuong trinh nao sau day Li dang? A. Fe, +O, —> Fe.0,. B. 2Fe, + 30, ——> 2Fe,0, C.4Fe + 30, —> 2Fe.0, D. Fe, +30 —> Fe, ‘Cu 15. Cho phuong trinh hoa hoe: 3Fe+X—">Fe,O,. Cong thite hoa hoe va hé s6 ela X 1a ALO, B. C. 20.. D. 30,. ‘fw 16. Cho phuong trinh héa hoe: CaCO, + 2X + CaCl, + CO; + HO. Céng thnte eta X14 ALHCL B.Ch. CH. D.O. Cau 17. Chat X duge tao ra khi cho kim loai déng tac dung v6i axit nitric (HNO.) theo phuong trinh \Cu+ SHNO, — 3X + 4H.O + 2NO. Céng thite héa hoe eta chit X 1a B. CuO, C. CuO); D. Cu(OH): ‘Céu 18. Cho phan tng héa hoe sau: Al+ HCL—>AICI, +H, sau khi can bang phan ing trén voi cdc hé sé nguyén, t6i gian thi ti 1g hé s6 gitva hai hop chat 1a AGL B. 6:2. | Ch2 D. 3:2. (Cau 19. Phuong trinh héa hoe nao dudi day viét sai? A. Fe + 2HCI -> FeCl + Hb. B. Al + GHCI > 2AIC1, + 3H. C. Fe.0, + 3H, > 2Fe + 31.0. D. 2HS + SO, + 38 + 2H. ‘fu 20. Cho so dé phan img: Al + FLO + NaOH ——> NaAlO, + Hy Sau khi cn bing véi cdc hé s6 nguyén t6i gian thi hé s6 cla cdc chat Lan luot la A23 113 B.2,3,2, CLL D.2,2,2,2,3 Cfu 21. Cho so dé phan ting: FeS. +O; —"—> Fe.0, + SO.. Hé sé can bing t6i gian cia ca trong phuong trinh héa hoc lan Iuot 1a: hat‘Cu 22. Cho so dé phan img: Al + HSO, —> Al(SO,), + H.. Sau khi cin bing v6i cde hé sé nguyén t6i gian thi ting hé sé trong phuong trinh héa hoc 1a: AD. B.8. C5 D.6 ‘Cf 23. Cho sor dé phan tmg: FeO, + HNO, ——> Fe(NO,), + 1.0. ‘Téng hé s6 t6i gian trong phuong trinh hoa hoc sau khi can bing la: AB B. 10. C12. D.14. ‘Cfiu 24. Cho so dé phan img: Fe,0, +3H,S0, ——>Fe, (SO, ), +3H,0- vj x vay thi gid tri thich hop otia x va y lan luot la Alva2 | B.2va3. C.2va4, D.3va4. fu 25. Cho so dé phan ting: AI(OH), + H.SO, > AL(SO,), + H.O. Voi x * y thi gia tr thich hop ia x, y Kin lugt Ia A.lva2 B.2vi3 C.2va4 D.3vad fu 26. Cho so dd phan img: 4CuFeS: + 130, —"—> 4Cu0 + 2Fe.0, + 8SO., Téng hé sé can bang nguyén, t6i gian cia cdc chat trong phan tmg 1a AL 24. B. 30. ©.21 D.31 (Cau 27. Than chay tao ra khi carbonic (CO.) theo phuong trinh: carbon + oxygen > khi carbonic. Biét ring khéi lugng carbon da chay 1a 4,5 kg va khdi lvong oxygen da phan tng 1a 12 kg. Khéi Juong CO, tao ra Li A. 16,2 ke. B. 16,3kg C. 16,4 kg. D. 165 kg. Cau 28. Dot chay hoan toan m gam hop chat (A) can 6,4 gam khi oxygen thu duge 4,4 gam khi CO. va 3,6 gam hoi nude. Gid trj ca m la ALLS. B. 1,6, C.1,7. ‘Cf 29. M6t ede dumg dung dich hydrochloric acid va 1 vién kém duge dat 6 dia e: cn Y dat cde qua cn sao cho kim can 6 vi tri cn bing. Bo vién kém vao céc axit. Biét ring c6 phan img: Zn+2HCI—>ZnCl, +H, * Vi tri cua kim ean la . A. kim can léch vé phia dia can B. kim cAn léch vé phia dia can X. C. kim can 6 vi tri thang bing. D. kim can khong xéc dinh. . ‘Cau 30. Mét chiée dinh sit (iron) dé du ngay ngoai khéng khi thi bi gi. Khoi hong ca dinh sit (iron) thay déi nhu thé nao so véi khéi lugng cia chiéc dinh ban dau? A. Tang. B. Giim, Khong thay adi, D. Khéng thé biét duge. Cau 31. Bé can nhw hinh bén dang 6 vi tri thing bing. Trén dia Aco” NaOH va HCl, trén dia B e6 2 ede dung eée dung dich NaHCO, va HCI. Trén méi dia can ta rét hét hrong dung dich HCI vao céc bén canh. Gia thiét khdi Iuong cdc chiéc cdc bang nhau va cde phan img hha hoe say ra nw saw: NaOH + HCl -> NaCl + H.O NaHCO, + HCI NaCl + 1.0 + CO. Kér thie thi nghiém thi cn léch vé bén dia no? A. DiaB B.Dia A C. Thang bing, D. Dia A hoic dia B. HET.