TO #4 PAHAMIFY | Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Read the following passage carefully and choose the best answer.
(1) The pineapple was originally from Brazil (though there are different varieties from elsewhere). The pineapple was
spread by natives around South America and eventually to the Caribbean and the Indies – which is where the
famous Christopher Columbus discovered it in 1493 and brought it home to Europe.
(2) The pineapple did not make it to England until the 1600s, and it became a HIT in the 1700s. Everything was made
in pineapple shapes and painted with pineapples. It was THE status symbol! People quite seriously took a pineapple
to parties to show off, carrying it around for weeks until the pineapple started to rot. Pineapples were expensive too.
They cost about 5000 pounds each (around $8000AUD) by today’s standards. Initially you had to grow them
yourself, but this was a very difficult and expensive endeavour in an English climate. The pineapples would be grown
in hot pits and boys would be paid to sit and sleep in them – just in case the pit caught on fire.
(3) Pineapple is the only known source in nature of the enzyme Bromelain. Bromelain actually digests proteins. So
when you eat pineapple, it’s essentially eating you back! But don’t worry, once you swallow the pineapple, the acids
in your stomach destroy the enzymes. It is also often suggested that workers in pineapple fields have no fingerprints
because the bromelain in the pineapple wears them away. I’m not certain that this is true, but theoretically it could
occur over time. What I do know is that it’s used as a meat tenderiser, and that if you leave it on the meat too long
it will just turn to mush.
(4) Despite eating your mouth, bromelain has become recognised for its health benefits and is useful in medical
treatments for a number of ailments and diseases. For starters it is part of an approved treatment for inflammation
and swelling, particularly after surgery, and it has been proposed for treating a number of other inflammation based
disorders including osteoarthritis, autoimmune diseases and viral infections. It is also useful for removing damaged
and infected tissues from burn wounds.
(5) More recent research has pointed at its potential use in cancer treatments. A few preclinical studies (that is; early
research not yet tested in humans) have indicated that it has antitumor properties and, for instance, has been found
to stimulate death of breast and ovarian cancer cells. One study tested the effects of bromelain on breast cancer
and found evidence that women who were given bromelain (just swallowed) started producing cells that targeted
and killed breast cancer cells. However, more study in humans and on how to apply treatments will need to be
conducted before bromelain can be applied to cancer treatments.
(adapted from: https://blogs.unimelb.edu.au/sciencecommunication/2012/10/07/the-flesh-eating-pineapple/ )
1. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?
A. Pinapple’s enzyme called Bromelain.
B. How to use pinapple on cooking recipe.
C. Pineapple on medical science.
D. Pinapple’s origin in England.
E. The history of Pinapple.

2. How is Bromelain effective for cancer treatment?

A. Consuming pineapple that contains Bromelain continuously can help body producing cells that kill breast
cancer cells.
B. Using Bromelain as a cancer treatment agent is not recommended since it hasn’t been tasted clinically.
C. It has been indicated that Bromelain has antitumor properties, and has been found to stimulate death of
several cancer cells.
D. Bromelain cannot be used as the main cancer treatment, thus other alternatives are necessary.
E. Some cancer cells that can be treated using Bromelain are breast cancer and ovarian cancer.

3. What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To encourage people to consume pineapple regularly.
B. To entertain readers with history of pineapple.
C. To introduce a new potential agent in medical treatment.
D. To popularize the benefits of Bromelain enzyme.
E. To provide information about pineapple and its enzyme.
 4. What does ‘meat tenderiser’ in paragraph 3 mean?
A. A tool used to cook meat
B. A spice in a pack of meat
C. An agent to help softening meat
D. A special criteria of premium meat
E. A certain way of cooking meat

Late last week, KFC announced that the company is working on developing "the meat of the future", also known as 3D
bioprinted chicken nuggets. As the demand for plant-based meat alternatives continues to increase, KFC is one of
the latest restaurant chains to jump on the faux-meat bandwagon.
On July 16, the company announced its plans to develop "innovative 3D bioprinting technology to create chicken meat in
cooperation with the 3D Bioprinting Solutions research laboratory," which means your Kentucky Fried Chicken
nuggets may not be made from chicken much longer. Instead, these nuggets are slated to become the world's first
nuggets to be produced in a lab – no chicken required – and will look and taste as close to KFC's existing product as
possible. To accomplish this, KFC will be partnering with 3D Bioprinting Solutions, who is "developing additive
bioprinting technology using chicken cells and plant material, allowing it to reproduce the taste and texture of
chicken meat almost without involving animals in the process".
Some benefits of making and consuming biomeat as opposed to traditional meat is that the product is cleaner and more
ethically produced, as no animals are harmed in the making of it. Furthermore, the creation of such goods has
minimal impact on the environment compared with farming – energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions
can both be drastically reduced using this method. A final product that will undergo testing is expected to be
complete in Moscow by this fall.
Source: https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2020/07/21/kfc-announces-plans-to-use-3d-bioprinting-process-to-make-chicken-nuggets.html

5. Which of the following options best represent the author’s opinion regarding biomeat and chicken nuggets?
A. Plant-based meat tastes better than the traditional meat
B. Even though the new KFC chicken nuggets aren’t made of chicken, the taste is very similar with the
original one
C. Plant-based meat is cleaner because no animals are harmed in the making of it
D. Plant-based meat will lower the harmful impact on the environment
E. Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions can be minimalized using the foregone method
Indonesia's economy has shrunk by 5.3 percent in the second quarter this year, worse than many predictions, as
government's sluggishness in stimulus spending did all but exacerbated the drawbacks Covid-19 pandemic had
brought onto consumers demand and investments.That was the first time Indonesia experienced a contraction on its
gross domestic product since the aftermath of the Asian Financial Crisis in 1999. The government projected a 4.3
percent contraction for the second quarter, while Danareksa Research Institute expected a far milder decrease of
3.58 percent. The reality, however, was much worse. "In the first quarter of 2020, our economic growth had slowed
down to 2.97 percent. Due to the terrible impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, Indonesia's economy contracted by 5.32
percent in the second quarter," Suhariyanto, the head of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), said on the official
announcement on Wednesday.
Household consumption, the mainstay of the Indonesian economy, shrunk by 5.5 percent in the three months,
compared to the same period last year, while spending on investments dropped by 8.6 percent, the BPS data
showed. The government spending dropped by 6.9 percent, despite having earmarked Rp 695 trillion ($47.8 trillion)
in fiscal stimulus to prop up the economy. President Joko "Jokowi" Widodo has slammed his ministers several times
for being slow in disbursing the stimulus spending. So far, the government only spends a low 20 percent or Rp 141
trillion out of the total stimulus.
On the supply side, the transportation and warehousing sector suffered the most drawbacks in the second quarter,
contracting 31 percent. Hotel and restaurant dropped by 22 percent while the manufacturing sector, which accounts
for about a fifth of the Indonesia economy, also shrunk by 6.2 percent. On the bright side, the agricultural sector
managed to grow by 2.19 percent, as well as real estate (2.3 percent) and financial services (1 percent). The
information and technology sector grew the fastest in the period, expanding by 10.9 percent from the same quarter
last year, Suhariyanto said. "The increase in internet usage data traffic during Covid-19 and the increase in internet
subscribers and interactive pay-TV put the sectors among those that are still growing," he said. All regions in
Indonesia saw their economy contracted in the period except Papua. Papua and West Papua can still grow positively
because, in
the same period in 2019, economic growth contracted 23.91 percent. West Papua, in the second quarter of 2019,
also contracted 0.49 percent. "In the second quarter of 2020, there was an increase in copper and gold ore
production so that economic growth in Papua grew 4.5 percent," Suhariyanto said. Java remained the epicenter of
the Indonesian economy, accounting for 58.6 percent of the country's total output.
Source: https://jakartaglobe.id/business/slow-spending-of-covid19-stimulus-condemns-indonesia-to-worst-contraction-in-two-decades

6. The author’s attitude towards the economic rate in Indonesia which has decreased by 5,3% can be described
as which of the following?
A. Shifty
B. Disdainful
C. Optimistic
D. Indignant
E. Pessimistic
7. The word sluggishness in paragraph 1 can be replaced with?
A. Promptness
B. Inaction
C. Ambition
D. Sprightliness
E. Briskness
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
(1) In the middle of feeling upset, someone might cheer you up by saying, “Stay positive!”. Such behavior motivates
you to get used to hiding your true feelings, then you will be trapped in toxic positivity. Toxic positivity is actually
invalidating how you really feel, and you will keep judging yourselves for experiencing certain emotions. However,
Staying positive over pain could be unhelpful as well as harmful.
(2) When someone shares a painful experience, the best response is empathy. Responding immediately with “Let’s
just look at the silver lining!” ignores their pain. People engaged in toxic positivity often try to drive away from the
negative emotion, for it makes them feel uncomfortable. This issue is often a problem for parents of teens. For
example, if your teenage daughter tells you she is depressed and explains everything in life is terrible, she is not
expecting you to say, “Your life is great! Let’s just look at all the good things you have going for you!”. Parents do this
when their children are young, too. A parent might say, “Stop crying,” or “Don’t be sad!”. That is invalidating. Also, it
teaches children, from toddlerhood onwards, that they need to repress their genuine feelings to gain approval from
others. A more appropriate response would be, “I can see you’re sad. I’m here for you,” and it is perhaps
accompanied by a hug. Listening deeply and responding with empathy is more appropriate than giving an immediate
response.
(3) A child raised in an environment of toxic positivity, which is one example of an invalidating environment, can
grow up to develop mental health issues. Many mental health experts theorize that depression, borderline
personality disorder, anxiety, codependency, bipolar disorder, and other behavior issues are the result of chronic
invalidation by a parent. Parental invalidation can persist through adolescence. Children who are told to focus on the
good and repress their negative feelings may grow up to have difficulty with intimacy and vulnerability around
others. They have been told several times not to trust their own feelings and cover them up with forced cheerfulness
and happiness.
(4) Instead of introducing toxic positivity, encourage the use of mindfulness - in yourself, in teens, and in others. In
dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) the core skill of mindfulness teaches you to acknowledge sadness, instead of
judging yourself for feeling that way. DBT does not encourage dwelling on negative emotions, but it does not
encourage suppressing them, too. DBT believes emotions are like waves: instead of fighting the water, a DBT
therapist will advise you to ride the wave. Practicing honesty with themselves and others regarding their emotions is
a big part of mental health treatment. Learning to identify, process, and manage emotions can help reduce the
symptoms of mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, borderline personality disorder, substance use, and
other emotional or behavioral issues.
Adapted from: https://evolvetreatment.com/blog/toxic-positivity-teens/
8. According to the text above, what must parents do to help their children avoid toxic positivity?
A. To avoid children from toxic positivity, parents must support and respond to them by giving a hug to
their children.
B. Parents must let them feel and express how they are feeling in order for them to keep away from
toxic positivity.
 C. Parents must tighten the family relationship and make it more intimate in order for them to be more open
to the family.
D. Parents must explain to children that toxic positivity is harmful, and parents must introduce the kinds
of mental issues.
E. In order to prevent children from toxic positivity, parents must tell them that toxic positivity affects mental
health.
9. The underlined phrase in “ … a DBT therapist will advise you to ride the wave” means …
A. Overcome the pain
B. Enjoy any emotions
C. Express the pain
D. Tell someone the pain
E. Avoid the sadness
Read the text below and choose the correct answer to the following question
(1) A University of Washington team wondered if artificial intelligence could recreate that delight using only visual
cues
-- a silent, top-down video of someone playing the piano. The researchers used machine learning to create a system,
called Audeo, that creates audio from silent piano performances. When the group tested the music Audeo created
with music-recognition apps, such as SoundHound, the apps correctly identified the piece Audeo played about 86%
of the time. For comparison, these apps identified the piece in the audio tracks from the source videos 93% of the
time.
(2) Audeo uses a series of steps to decode what's happening in the video and then translate it into music. First, it has
to detect which keys are pressed in each video frame to create a diagram over time. Then it needs to translate that
diagram into something that a music synthesizer would actually recognize as a sound a piano would make. This
second step cleans up the data and adds in more information, such as how strongly each key is pressed and for how
long.
(3) If we attempt to synthesize music from the first step alone, we would find the quality of the music to be
unsatisfactory,The second step is like how a teacher goes over a student composer's music and helps enhance it,
said Shlizerman
(4) Once Audeo has generated a transcript of the music, it's time to give it to a synthesizer that can translate it into
sound. Every synthesizer will make the music sound a little different -- this is similar to changing the "instrument"
setting on an electric keyboard. For this study, the researchers used two different synthesizers.
(5) "Fluidsynth makes synthesizer piano sounds that we are familiar with. These are somewhat mechanical-sounding
but pretty accurate," Shlizerman said. "We also used PerfNet, a new AI synthesizer that generates richer and more
expressive music. But it also generates more noise."
(6) For example, one future application is that Audeo can be extended to a virtual piano with a camera recording just
a person's hands. Also, by placing a camera on top of a real piano, Audeo could potentially assist in new ways of
teaching students how to play.
Adapted from: 'Audeo' teaches artificial intelligence to play the piano – ScienceDaily
10. The text mainly discussed about …
A. SoundHound becomes an alternative music instrument.
B. Audio comes up as a fresh innovation for the music industry.
C. Piano is gonna be replaced with SoundHound and Synthesizer.
D. Artificial intelligence can be involved in orchestra performances.
E. Music currently becomes everyone’s hobby and interests.
11. The word “it” in the sentence “First, it has to detect which keys are pressed in each video frame to create
a diagram over time.” Refers to …
A. Music Instrument
B. SoundHound
C. Artificial Intellegence
D. Audeo
E. The Researchers
12. The word “cues” in paragraph 1 has the closest meaning to …
A. Tools B. Face C. Sign D. Steps E. Appearances
13. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. The big cost is needed to invent the Audeo along with its monthly maintenance and developments ahead.
B. Audeo fully supports in detecting the fast-dance move and high skill of playing music instruments.
C. The student’s music productivity will be in a very full-helped way as it offers innovations.
D. Students will easily get bored through this tool since there are no students that are attracted to music.
E. The Audeo will only assess the result, not the process of the students in learning music instruments.
BMKG to Observe Zero Shadow Days in West Sumatra
(1) TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - The Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) of Padang Panjang, West
Sumatra, has forecast that zero shadow days will occur in several regions in the province from Sept 21 to 27, 2020.
(2) "The phenomenon of days without shadow is expected to occur from Sept 21 to 27, 2020," Mamuri, Head of Data
and Information Section of BMKG Padang Panjang, said on Sunday,
(3) A zero shadow day is a day on which the Sun does not cast a shadow of an object at noon, when the Sun will be
exactly at zenith.
(4) The Astronomical phenomenon happens twice in a year when the Sun will be right at the position above the
equator of the Earth. Indonesia is located at the equator.
(5) "No shadow day usually occurs at noon, at that time the sun is exactly 90 degrees above our object or body," he
said.
(6) On Sept 21, a zero shadow day is predicted to occur in Simpang Empat area at 12:13 Western Indonesian
Standard Time (WIB) , and in Lubuk Sikaping at 12:12 WIB.
(7) "Then on Sept 22, 2020, it is predicted to occur in Bukittinggi and Lubuk Basung at 12:11 WIB or 12:12 WIB," he
said.
(8) From Sept 23 to 25, 2020, zero shadow days are expected to occur in Pariaman, Parit Malintang, Padang,
Arosuka, Painan, Solok, Payakumbuh, Sarilamak, Padang Panjang, Batu Sangkar, Sungai Dareh, Muaro Sijunjung, and
Sawahlunto.
(9) "From Sept 26 to 27, 2020, the phenomenon of zero shadow days will also occur in Tua Pejat and Padang Aro,"
BMKG's Mamuri remarked.
adapted from https://en.tempo.co/read/1388211/bmkg-to-observe-zero-shadow-days-in-west-sumatra
14. What does the author intend to deliver through the passage?
A. To inform people about the danger of the natural phenomenon.
B. To inform people in various areas about the occurance of the natural phenomenon.
C. To explain how the natural phenomenon is happening.
D. To warn to people about the possible consequence of the natural phenomenon.
E. To warn people to get ready for the natural phenomenon.
15. Which of the following is NOT CORRECT according to the sentence?
A. The phenomenon only occurs at noon on the day.
B. The phenomenon can be seen in most cities in West Sumatra.
C. This phenomenon occurs for several days.
D. This phenomenon happens annually.
E. The phenomenon occurs at a different time in a different place.
16. According to the passage, what drives “the phenomenon of days without shadow” to occur?
A. The sun doesn’t shine too bright.
B. The moon cast a shadow on the earth’s surface.
C. The weather is clear and sunny.
D. The sun revolves slower than usual.
E. The sun is exactly above, so it won’t cast a shadow underneath.
Should I be worried if I don’t do 10,000 steps a day?
(1) There’s no denying that walking is good for your health, but there’s nothing magic about the number 10,000. This
figure is thought to have come from a Japanese pedometer called ‘manpo-kei’ (literally ‘10,000 steps meter’),
marketed as a device for the health-conscious in the run-up to the 1964 Tokyo Olympics.
(2) The 10,000 steps target has probably stuck around because it’s easy to measure and easy to remember. But a
2019 study led by researchers at the Harvard Medical School measured the step counts of almost 17,000 women
over four years and found that the benefits tapered off well before 10,000 steps.
(3) The least active women averaged about 2,700 steps per day, and increasing this to 4,400 steps was associated
with a 40 per cent drop in mortality rates. Higher daily step counts showed greater benefits, but only up to 7,500
steps per day, at which point mortality rates levelled off.
(4) This study only looked at older women (average age of 72), and there will have been many factors other than
step count that affected their likelihood of dying within the four years. But the wider conclusion is that fixating on
the number of steps isn’t necessarily helpful. A better – and perhaps more attainable – goal is 150 minutes of
moderate exercise per week, including brisk walking.
(adapted from https://www.britannica.com/story/nikola-teslas-weird-obsession-with-pigeons )
17. Which of the following tones can be used to describe the passage above …
A. Persuasive
B. Informative
C. Convincing
D. Critical
E. Disappointed
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
(1) In Taiwan, boba is a staple of the night markets, which encompass hundreds of food stalls where everyone
congregates after work for groceries and snacks. Food trends come and go in these stalls, but according to Chen,
boba has become a mainstay. "When you are walking from stall to stall, if you look around, everyone is carrying
some variation of boba, whether that's a fruit drink or a milk tea," he says.
(2) Starting in the '90s boba also became a huge craze in the U.S., following the widespread immigration of
Taiwanese people and the growing popularity of café culture due to places like Starbucks. "[Starbucks] opened the
doors for the midday pick-me-up," Chen says. "When they started offering things like frappuccinos in addition to
coffee, it really made away for all different types of drinks."
(3) The popularity of boba tea grew even more when places like Boba Guys opened up, offering high-quality teas,
real milk, and a comfortable, casual atmosphere. Chen also theorizes that as drinks like aloe juice and coconut water,
both of which can have jellied remnants in them, have risen to prominence, "people are becoming more used to
having chewy bits in their drinks."
(4) Still, he is surprised that bubble tea has managed to capture the imaginations of so many American consumers in
such a relatively short period of time. He compares it to sushi, starting as a foreign tradition but eventually being
absorbed fully into American food culture. "If I told people twenty years ago that one of the most popular beverages
would be a tea they could chew, they'd be very skeptical," he says. Fortunately, Chen's bet on tapioca balls paid off,
and given the last decade, it's likely that the trend will only continue to spread across the globe.
Source: https://www.foodandwine.com/tea/bubble-tea-taiwanese-street-drink-turned-american-addiction
18. The word “prominence” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to …
A. Fame
B. Necessity
C. Obligation
D. Regulation
E. Anonymity
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
(1) Always groom your cat when they are relaxed and happy and have already chosen to interact with you. Grooming
is a form of human touch, so you need to be familiar with the areas your cat prefers to be touched before you start
grooming your cat.
(2) To begin, hold out the brush to your cat (as you would your hand) to see if they choose to sniff and rub their face
against it to deposit their scent. This is their way of making the brush smell familiar to them. Cats particularly enjoy
being stroked around the face, so it is a good idea to start with a few strokes of the brush on the head and cheek
areas before moving onto other parts of the body. Always groom in the direction of your cat’s fur. If your cat is
comfortable
or enjoying the grooming around the head region, move onto a few grooming strokes in between the shoulders and
along the back. The tummy area is a sensitive area for a cat, so a lot of cats prefer not to have this area touched. It is
a good idea to groom your cat in short bouts as this will help them feel in control of the situation. Allow your cat to
choose whether or not they would like to rub a certain part of their body on the brush first.
(3) Grooming sessions should be as long or short as your cat is comfortable with. Remember to take the brush away
every now and then and re-offer the brush to your cat as a way of checking that your cat is still comfortable for the
grooming to continue.
Source: https://www.battersea.org.uk/pet-advice/cat-advice/how-groom-cat
19. The main idea of the last paragraph is …
A. There is no specific duration to groom a cat because the grooming session depends on the cat’s comfort.
B. The cat is usually comfortable when the bruh is placed nearby along with some strokes on its favorite
body part.
C. Amidst the grooming session, the owner must check the cat’s comfort by stroking the cat’s face.
D. During the grooming session, the owner, or someone who grooms a cat, has to be familiar with their touch.
E. Before grooming a cat, the cat must smell and rub its face to the tool in order to keep its scent there.
20. The author mentions the following statements, EXCEPT …
A. The grooming can start with letting the cat leave its scent.
B. The owner should spare some time to comfort the cat.
C. It is a must to brush the cat in accordance with its fur direction.
D. Grooming a cat should be done once every three weeks.
E. It is advised to stroke around its face instead of the tummy area