•
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
D
(mobile)
(computer)
(process), (store), (input), (output)
(data)
(information)
(On/Off)
(instruction set)
(program)
2 .
(hardware)
(software)
(device)
(CPU Central Processing Unit), (main memory),
(secondary memory), (input device), (output device)
WT
(ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit)
(control unit) (chip)
(processor)
(CPU)
(Control Unit)
T I
(ALU)
2.1
(file)
2.2
(keyboard)
(mouse)
(GUI)
AI
POS
(kiosk)
(interactive kiosk)
ATM
2.2
POS(Point Of Sale)
T-Money
(ear phone)
2.3 T- M oney
(OMR Optical Mark Reader),
Ch ap t er 02
(MICR Magnetic Ink Character Reader), (OCR
Optical Character Reader), (Bar Code Reader)
2 .
CPU
(CPU Central Processing Unit)
CPU
(microprocessor) (processor)
(control unit) (arithmetic logic unit)
(Intel) CPU
AMD (Advanced Micro Devices) CPU
2.4 CPU AMD CPU
(motherboard) (main-
board)
ROM(Read Only Memory)
CPU
AI
> C PU
>
2.5
GPU
GPU (Nvidia)
(GPU Graphics Processing Unit)> CPU
GeForce GPU
2.6 GPU(GeForce RTX
GPU GPU
GPU CPU
GPU 3D
GPU GPGPU(General Purpose Graphic Processing
Unit)
GPU
C H APTER
nn
AI
(Sonar)
(EC S),
2.7 GPU
AP
PC
(CPU) AP(Application Processor)
(AP) (chip) AP
CPU
(GPU), (DSP Digital Signal Pro-
cess),
AP
(SoC System on Chip)
Main circuit
O
Camera
board module
B
Flexible
Memory cables
Application Power
processor management
IC
2.8 AP
AP (Qualcomm) MSM (Qualcomm
Snapdragon)’, (Exynos)’, (NVIDIA) (Tegra)’
‘A’
AI
2.9
DIMM
(DIMM Dual In-line Memory Module)
DIMM
CPU
RAM(Random Access !
Memory)
RAM DIMM DIMM
(on/off)
2.10 DIM M DIM M
(bit)
RAM
C H APTER
4.
USB
(storage) RAM
(volatile)
(non-volatile)
USB (HDD Hard Disk Drive)
USB(Universal Serial Bus)
256GB USB
1TB USB
(MDD Magnetic Disk Drive)
(read/write head)
USB (access time)
2.11 USB
SSD(Solid State Disk)
SSD HDD
SSD 1TB SSD
HDD SSD
AI
HDD
(external hard disk
drive) USB
USB SSD
2.12 SSD
(display) (printer)
(plotter)
2.13
LCD(Liquid Crystal Dis-
play) Q LED(Light Emitting Diode)> LCD
C H APTER
LED
LED
(curved)
2.14
(UHD Ul-
tra High Definition)
(pixel) 3840X2160 Full HD 1920X1080
4K UHD
2.15 4K UHD
(modeling)
(3D Three Dimension)
AI
(Charles W. Hull) 3D
3D
RP(Rapid Prototyping)
3D
2.16 3D
(holo-
• gram)
•
•
* (Dennis Gabor)
‘ H olos’ ‘ Gram ma ’
2.17 3D
C H APTER
K-POP J
(Holo-
Lens)’ (H oloLens) j
(H M D Head M ounted Display)
2.18
2.3
1 .
AI
2.19
2.1
MS-WORD,
Visu Studio, Eclipse, Python, PyCharm,
SourceTree,
SQL Server, mySQL, MariaDB, Ora e
Windows 10, 11, OS, Unix, Linux
Android, iOS
Operating System
CPU
C H APTER
2 .
CPU,
(booting)
(Unix), (Linux), (Windows), (Mac) OS
(UI User
Interface)
(GUI)
2.20 GUI
GUI (Apple) (Macintosh)
macOS (macOs Monterey)
2.21 mac OS
llfWindows
2.22 Windows
2.4
1.
(abacus)
U H A H ER
1645 (Blaise Pascal, -
(Pascaline)
2.24
(Pascaline)
(Gottfried Leibniz)
2.25
(Charlse Babbage, -
(Difference Engine) (Analytic
Engine)
AI
(Augusta Ada, -
(Augusta Ada, -
(Analytical Engine)’
(O bservations on Mr. Bab
bage ’s Analytical Engine)’
(subroutine)’,
(loop)’, (jum p)’ (if)’
“A D A”
C H ARTS
2 ,
(Herman Hollerith, -
(PCS Punch Card
System)
(Batch Processing)
IBM(Inter-
national Business Machines)
2.27
(Alan M. Turing, -
(turing machine)
2.28
AI
1942 (von Neumann, John, -
(von Neumann machines)’
(EDSAC Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator)
2.29
(Enigma M achine)
(BO MBE)
•
2.30
C H APTER
ABC I
(John. V. Atanasoff)
(Clifford Berry) AB-
C(Atanasoff—Berry Computer)
(H. H. Aiken, - IBM
[(Harvard MARK- I
(relay)
2.31 ABC
2.5
(ENIAC)
(Machine Language)
2.32
AI
(J. W. Mauchly, - (J. P. Eckert, -
(ENIAC Electronic
Numerical Integrator And Computer) 2.
(resistor), 150Kw,
2.33
(M. V. Wilkes)
(EDSAC Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer)
,
1950 (J. Mauchly)
(J.P. Eckert, Jr.) (EDVAC Electronic Discrete Variable
Automatic Computer)
K
(UNIVAC- (UNIVAC UNI-
Versal Automatic Computer)
HA !
2.34
JLTs w y
(IT) IBM IT
(J m Von N eumann, -
i
IBM
2.35
AI
2 .
-
J9 6 3
G M - N A A I/ O F O RTR A N C O B OL
IBM
2.36
IBM GM-NAA
I/O
(FORTRAN FORmular TRANslation
language) (COBOL COmmon Business Oriented Language)
(High Level Programming Language)
3 .
h iAPT r o
3
• IBM DEC
•
IBM S/360 MIT PL/1
2.37
(IC Integrated Circuits)
IBM IBM
S/360 DEC(Digital Equipment Corporation) PDF’—
IBM IBM S/360
IBM 1964 S/360
IBM
(N ASA)
2.38 IBM IBM S/360
IBM S/360
IBM PC
t
IBM
IBM
IBM z15
AI
MIT (Mul-
tics)
(Time Sharing)
(Multiprogramming)
IBM PL/ (Programming Lan-
guage One)
(BASIC Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)
4 .
(LSI Large Scale
Integration) (VLSI Very Large Scale Integration)
(Cray Research) Cray—
IBM PC
(Intel) Intel
MIT(Micro
Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems)
(PC) (Altair)
(Bill Gates) (Paul Allen)
(Microsoft) (Steve Wozniak)
(Steve Jobs) (Apple)
C H APTER
*
IBM PC MS-DOS IBM PC/XT
(GUI) (Lisa)
GUI (Graphical User Interface)
2.40 iMac
2.41
AI
1955 CEO
i
D OS
(N eXT)
(Pixar)
MP3 (iPod)
(iPhone)
• TV,
PC (iPad) *
WWW
(ARPANET)
(CERN European Organization for Nuclear
Research) (Tim Ber-
ners Lee) (WWW World Wide Web)
(edge), (Chrome)
2.42 ► (N etscap e)
C H APTER
WWW
(AI Artificial Intelligence)
(Parallel Processing) (Expert System)
(Neural Network)
(Quantum computer)
(superposition) (entanglement)
(bit)
(quantum bit)
(qubits)’
OO-OPKVll
D— (D—Wave Systems)
(D-Wave IBM
AI
IBM IT CES2019
‘Q
2.43 IBM IBM Q
(Q#)
MS
MS
(loT), (AI)
2.6
1.
C H APTER
(Cray Inc.)
Cray XC30
(FLOPS Floating point Oper-
ations per Second) 1 (Tera) FLOPS 1
(Piz Daint) Cray XC30 6,270.0 TFlops
2.44 Cray XC50
(Oak Ridge National Labora-
tory) IBM (Summit) (PFlops)
(PetaFlops)
(PFLOP)
2.45 (Sum mit), PFlo ps
Al
2(Tiahan-
33,862.7 TFlops
2.46 2(Tianhe — 33,862.7 TFlo ps
C H APTL ;
PC
(midrange computer)
(workstation)
PC
(oracle) POS
AI
2.48 Oracle MICROS W orkstation 6 Family
IBM
CPU (Mac)
2.49
(desk top)
PC
(Personal Digital Assistant) PDA
C H APTER
PDA
2.50 b PDA PDA
(lap top), (palm top)
(lap)
AI
(iPhone)
iOS (Android)
GPS,
2.52
PC
(iPad)
PC PC
iOS PC
C H APTER
2.53
(Raspberry Pi) (www.rasp-
berrypi.org) CPU
ARM
SD(Secure Digital) SD
HDMI(High—Definition Multimedia
Interface) TV USB
SD
256MB A 256MB
B
AI
General Purpose I/O
SDCard
Slot
POWER HDMI Audio
2.54
SD
(www.raspberrypi.org/downloads) (Rasp-
bian Wheezy) (Arch Linux)
C
2.55 (www.raspberrypi.org/downloads)
(Arduino) (micro controller)
2.56 (arduino.CC)
LED
USB (IDE)
(entry level) (enhanced features), (loT), (education)
(wearable)
(UNO)’
2.57
AI
(sensor)
2.2
3cm 4m
C H APTER
'
F .
SMD J^1 8 B 20
LE D
LE D
*
y
'
J IR
LE D
* IR
S# #
2.58
•
•
•
• (Nox, Sox, C O
•
• Air Q u ality S e nsor
• La ser Ra d er
(GPS) •
•TPMS
•
•
•
• (MAP S e nsor)
• (MA F S e nsor)
•
•
•
•
•
•
• •
•
•
•
• (G S e nsor)
2.59
AI
