SECOND TERM,ACADEMIC SESSION 2024/2025
LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK FOR WEEK 4
Subject: FURTHER MATHEMATICS
Lesson Topic:
Class: SSS 2
Time: 40 minutes
Date :27th January ,2025 To 31st January ,2025.
Learning Outcome
By the end of the lesson, pupils will
be able to;
Definition of terms
Events and outcome (measuring probability)
(a) Experimental probability
(b) Theoretical probability
CONTENT
PROBABILITY (EVENT AND OUTCOME)
DEFINITION OF TERMS
(i)Event: When an experiment is performed two or more results or
outcomes will be expected to happen. Each attempt is called a
trial and the outcome of a trial and the outcome of a trial is called
an event, usually denoted by E.
(ii)Random Experiment: A random experiment is a repetitive
process which may result in any one of the possible outcomes of
the experiment OR:
(iii)Sample space: The sample space of a random experiment is
the set containing all the possible outcomes of the experiment
OR:
Sample space is all the possible outcomes of a trail in an
experiment usually denoted by S.
(iv)The number of the points in a sample space n(s), and in an
event, E is n(E).
Examples
When a coin is tossed twice, all the possible outcomes i.e. the
sample space
S = {HH, HT,TH, TT}
∴ n(s) = 4
If a die is cast once, there are six outcomes.
∴ the sample space , S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
∴ n(S) = 6
Suppose an event E that an even number is thrown,
then E = {2, 4, 6} and n(E) = 3.
A box contain 16 red, 6 white, and 18 blues balls.
The sample spaces, S = {16 + 6 + 18) balls
n (S) = 40
When a die is tossed twice, the outcome of the first toss S1 = (1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6) does not influence the outcome of the second throw.
S2 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). The two outcomes are independent of each
other. For instance, the chance of throwing a5 in the first toss is
1/6 does not influence the chance of the throw of 2 in the second
toss (i.e. 1/6); they are Independent Event.
Equally likely events: Two or more events are said to be equally
likely to happen if the chance of occurrence of each of the
same.e.g.
1.In the throw of a die, there are six equally likely outcomes, S =
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} the change of each occurring is 1 out of 6 c.c. 1/6.
2.From a pack of 52 cards, the chance of picking any of the cards
at random is 1/52.
PROBABILITY
The probability of an event is the chance of its occurrence, that is
the likelihood of the event happening with respect to the sample
space.
Prob. Of E = number of elements in E___
number of total elements in S
∴P(E) = n(E)
n(S)
NOTE: Probability of an event lies between 0 and 1 i.e. O<P(E)
<1
then the prob. that it will not occur is 1 – P(E).
EVALUATION
In a class of 27 boys and 12 girls, what is the probability of picking
a girl.
A no is chosen at random from 40 to 50, find the probability that it
is a prime number.
If all 2-digits numbers 00, 01, 02, …….99 are equally likely to be
chosen, find the probability that a number picked at random has 5
as its first digit.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PROBABILITY
EXPERIMENTAL PROBABILITY
Experimental Prob = no of required outcome
no of possible outcome
Example
A die is rolled 200 times, the outcome obtained are shown below.
No
No. of Outcomes
25
30
45
28
40
32
Find the experimental probability of obtaining (a) 6 (b) 2
(a) P(6) = n(6) = 32 = 4
n(S)200 25 = 0.16
(b) P(2) = n(2) = 30 = 3 = 0.15
n(S) 200 20
Since experimental probability uses numerical records of past
events to predicts the future, its predictions are not absolutely
accurate, however the probability of throwing a 2 on a fair 6-sided
die is 1/6, since any one of the 6 faces is equally alike. This is an
example of theoretical probability.
THEORETICAL PROBABILITY
Theoretical probability is the assumed value assigned to the
occurrence of an event based on the assumption that each of the
elements in the outcome are equally likely to happen i.e. by
considering the physical nature of the given situation.
Examples
Tola throws a fair six-sided die, what is the probability that she
throws (a) a 9 (b) a 4
(c) a no greater than 2 (d) an even no (e) either 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, or 6?
Solution
Since the faces of a six sided die are numbers 1, 2, …6, it is
impossible to throw a 9.
∴ P (9) = 0
There is a chance out of 6 chances of throwing 4
∴ P(4) = 1/6
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} , n (S) = 6
no > 2 = {3, 4, 5, 6} , n(<2) = 4
P (no >2) = n(no>2) = 4/6 = 2/3
n(s)
There are 3 possible even number S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, n (S) =
6
even no = {2, 4, 6} n (even) = 3
P(even) = n (even) = 3/6 = ½
n (S)
Either 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} n (S) = 6n (r) = 6.
P(r) = n(r)= 6/6 = 1
n(S)
Example 2
A bag contains 3 red, 5 green and 7 white balls, if a ball is
selected from the bag, what is the probability that the ball is
green?
Total no. of balls, n(S) = 3 + 5 + 7 = 15
Event E = green balls ∴n(E) = 5
∴P(E) = n(E) = 5 = 1
n(S) 15 3
2 A school contains 357 boys and 323 girls, if a student is
chosen at random, what is the probability that a girl is chosen.
TEACHING PRESENTATION ;
STEP 1;Revises the previous topic by asking questions while the
students listen attentively .
STEP 2;Introduce and carefully explains the new lesson topic
while the students listen attentively.
STEP 3;Allows the students to ask questions for better
understanding and the Teacher answers adequately.
STEP 4;Write notes on the board hile the students copy into their
notebooks.
EVALUATION
Assess the students comprehension by asking these these questions;
EVALUATION
Use the figure below to answer the following:
16
13
11
10
7
6
12
14
15
(a) If a number is picked at random from the figure. What is the
probability that it is:-
(i) Odd (ii) Prime (iii) even (iv) less than 10
(v) Exactly divisible by 3 (vi) a perfect square (vii) a
perfect cube?
(b) If a row or column is picked at random from the figure. What
is the probability that the total of its no is(i) 34 (ii) 35
GENERAL EVALUATION
1 A bag contains black balls, 3 green balls and 4 red balls, A
ball is picked form the bag at random, what is the probability that
it is
(a) Black (d) yellow (c) Green (d) not black (d) either
black ore red
ASSIGNMENT
READING ASSIGNMENT
NGM SSS2, page113-114, exercise11a, numbers 1-12.
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
OBJECTIVE
1 What is the probability of throwing a number greater than 4
with a single fair die.
(a) ½ (b) 1/3 (c) 5/6 (d) 2/3
2 A number is chosen at random from the set (11, 12, 13, ….25)
what is the probability that the number is odds?(a) 7/15 (b)
8/15 (c) 1/4 (d) 3/4
3 A box contains 8 blues 6 yellow and 10 green balls , one all is
picked at random from the box, what is the probability that the ball
is yellow. (a) 1/3 (b)½ (c) 3/4 (d) 5/12
4 A coin is tossed twice, what is the probability of obtaining at
least a head
(a) 3/4 (b) 1/3 (c) 2/5 (d) 1/2
5 A letter is chosen at random from the word PROBABILITY,
what is the probability that the letter is a vowel? (a) 3/11(b) 4/11
(c) 5/11 (d) 6/11
THEORY
1 Two groups of male students X and Y cast their votes in an
election of an officer; he results are as shown in the table below:
In favour
Against
Group X
152
48
200
Group Y
88
62
150
240
110
How many students participate in the election?
If a student in favour of the officer is selected, what is the
probability that he is from group X?
A student is choosen at random, what is the probability that he is
against the officer?
2 A ltter is choose at random from the alphabet. Find the
probability that it is (a) M (b) not A or Z (c) Either P, Q, R, or S (d)
One of the letters of NIGERIA.
