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Lesson_1-MOTION-PHYSICAL-SCIENCE

The document provides an overview of motion in one dimension, defining key concepts such as distance, displacement, speed, and velocity. It differentiates between scalar and vector quantities, explaining their characteristics and how to calculate them. Additionally, it includes sample problems to illustrate the application of these concepts in real-world scenarios.

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Shii Cursed
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13 views38 pages

Lesson_1-MOTION-PHYSICAL-SCIENCE

The document provides an overview of motion in one dimension, defining key concepts such as distance, displacement, speed, and velocity. It differentiates between scalar and vector quantities, explaining their characteristics and how to calculate them. Additionally, it includes sample problems to illustrate the application of these concepts in real-world scenarios.

Uploaded by

Shii Cursed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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: . .

1
➢ define motion OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the


➢ differentiate scalar lesson, you will be
2
and vector quantities; able to :

➢solve problems involving


3 distance, displacement, speed,
velocity and acceleration
QUESTIONS:

✓ Do forces always result in motion?

✓ What are the conditions for an object to


stay at rest, to keep moving at constant
velocity, or to move with increasing
velocity?
MOTION
In ONE DIMENSION

Lesson #1: E:\cloud\drive\websites\ppttemplate\ppt\logo-ppttemplate.png


MOTION
OVERVIEW
Motion is a change in position with respect to a
reference point. It is very easy to recognize but has
been very hard to describe. There are several
physical quantities that can quantitatively
describe the motion of objects. Some of them are
through visuals and diagrams and by
determining the distance, displacement, speed,
and velocity.
Warm Up: My Home to Church
Direction: Read the scenario below and answer the questions that follow the
diagram.
Every Sunday, Ren visited the church to attend the mass, and it
took him about 1 minute to walk from his home. Consider the road
map and evaluate each statement below:
Warm Up: My Home to Church
Write T if the statement is true, Write F if the statement is false.
________1. The total length of travel from his house to the church is called distance.

________2. The total distance of his travel is 3m.

________3. The distance between Ren’s position and the identified reference point is 5m.

________4. The shortest distance between his home and the church is called displacement.

________5. Distance is a vector quantity that includes both magnitude and direction.

________6. Displacement is a scalar quantity that includes magnitude only.

________7. Ren’s speed from his house to the church is 2m/s.

________8. Speed is a scalar quantity that describes the magnitude only.


MOTION: ONE DIMENSION
Motion
•an object’s change in
position relative to a
reference point.
• is a continuous change in
position.
•One dimension
Quantities
•Scalar quantities
• described magnitude alone
•Vector quantities
• described both magnitude and
direction
Magnitude
• expressed quantitative measure of a standard
unit. “distance or quantity”
» How heavy? How fast? How far? How long? How
hot?
Direction
• tells us which way the vector points
Most of the quantities used to describe motion can be
categorized as either vectors or scalars.
• A vector is described by magnitude (size) and
direction
• Example.. Where is Big Spring? 40 mi, East

• A scalar is described by magnitude (size) only


• Example…How fast is the speed limit? 70 mph
DISTANCE DISPLACEMENT

Scalar quantity; has magnitude Vector quantity; has magnitude


only and direction
A reference point isn’t used to Distance is measured with
measure distance respect to a reference point
It has positive values It can be positive or negative or
zero
It is equal to or greater than It is either equal to or less than
displacement distance
Distance depends on the path Displacement doesn’t depend on the
path it depends on the starting point
and ending point
Distance=Total Path
• is a scalar quantity
•How far apart two points are far
from each other
• Total length of path traveled by
a moving object regardless of the
direction of motion.

Example: 1 km, 5m etc.


• Displacement = Shortest Path
• is a vector quantity
• object’s distance position
going to a particular direction.
Example: 1km to the right,
5km to the east etc.
✓ Different ways of calculating displacement:
➢ if it is right triangle, use PYTHAGOREAN
THEOREM formula : 𝑐 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
2

➢if the objects moves in one dimension, the


values can be either positive(to the right) or
negative(to the left) or subtract if opposite
direction.
➢If the origin and destination are the same.
Displacement is zero.
Are you ready?
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A person walks 4 meters
east, then 3 meters north.
Determine the distance and
displacement.
Distance covered = 4m + 3m
=7m 3m

2
𝑐 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
4m

Displacement = 42 𝑚 + 32 𝑚
= 16𝑚 + 9𝑚
= 25 𝑚
= 5 𝒎, 𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒕 ; 5 𝒎, 𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒕
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A boat sailing through a river
moved eastward for 5 km,
then cross the river by
moving 3 km southward. On
reaching the other side it
moved westward through 1
km and reached the jetty.
Find the distance covered
and displacement of the boat.

Distance covered = AB + BC + CD
= 5km + 3km + 1 km
= 9 km
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A boat sailing through a river
moved eastward for 5 km, then
cross the river by moving 3 km
southward. On reaching the other
side it moved westward through 1
km and reached the jetty. Find the
distance covered and
displacement of the boat.

𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2

Displacement = (5𝑘𝑚 − 1𝑘𝑚)2 +32 𝑘𝑚


= 4𝑘𝑚2 + 32 𝑘𝑚
= 25 k𝑚
= 5 k𝑚, 𝑆𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
Amy runs 2 miles south, then
turns around and run 3 miles
north. What is the distance
and displacement covered by
Amy?
Distance = 2 miles + 3 miles 2 miles

= 5 miles 3 miles

Distance = 3 miles – 2 miles


= 1 mile North
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A person walks 10 meters west, then 12
meters south, and then 15 meters
east. What is the displacement from the
original point?
2
𝑐
2
𝑐
𝑐 2

𝑑→
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A person walks 1 meter west, then 3 meters
south, and then 5 meters east. What is the
displacement from the original point?
2
𝑐 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
𝑐2
𝑐2
𝑐2
𝑑→
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A person walks 80 meters north, then 80
meters east and then 20 meters south.
What is the displacement of the person?
2
𝑐 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2

𝑐2
𝑐2
𝑐2
𝑐2
𝑑→
Board Work

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