African

....... , ..... <11

Earth Sciences
Journal or African Earlh Scicnces 36/2(03) 273 -] 13
WVo'w.elsc\'ier.comllOCllte/Jafrt'arsCl

Geology and mjneral potential of Ethiopia: a note on geology

and mineral map of Ethiopia
Solomon Tadesse "", Jean-Pierre Milesi b, Yves Deschamps b,'
• iJl.'{I(lmnt'/JI o} C"")/ilgy (/lui Gl!llpil.\·slrs. Addu Ahaba U"i,wsIfY. I' 0 Box 11 76. Addis Ababa. Elniopm
b RRGI/, Mml'ml RI's,mrf't!5 Ow,s/{)I,. J. 1Il1'''''t'' C Gullll'mlll. 8 P 6009.45060 Orleans (f'rif't Z. Frrmtt'

R ~'CCi\'cd 1 August 2002: accepted 28 May 200]

Abstract

This work presents a geoscientific m:lp und datllh.1SC for geology. mineral and energy resources of Ethiopia in a digital form at a
SCale of I :2.000,000, compiled from sevcl1LI sources. The tinal res ull of the work has been recorded on CD-ROM in G IS format so
that the map and the database could be :Iv:lilable to users on a ]>crsonal computer.
Metallic resources (precious, rare, base and fcrrous- ferroalloy metals) are widely related to the metamorphic meta-volcano-
sedimenta ry belts and associated intrusives belonging to various terranes of the Arabian- Nubian Shield. accreted during the East
and West Gondwana collision (Neoproterozoic. 900 500 Ma).
Industrial minerals and rOl:k resources occur in mo re diversified geological environmentS, including the Proterozoic basement
rocks, the Late PlIleozoic to Mesozoic sedimellls and recent (Cenozoic) volcltnics and associated sediments.
Energy resources (oil. coal. geothermal resources) arc restricted \0 Pha nerozoic basin sediments and Cenozoic ,'olcanism and
rifting areas.
e 2003 Elsevier Ltd . All righls reserved .
Kf')'IIWi/.I. Eth.op.a; Geology: Mmem! resources: Digital can ograph)': Googr:lph.c rnformauon sy~lemJ; Nubmn Shield

I. Introduction • The late-Paleozoic to Mesozoic marine and continen-

tal sediments:
The ili m of this paper is to provide readers with a • The Cenozoic basic and fel sic volcanics;
compil a tion of published du ta o n mineral resources, • The volcano-sed imcntary and volcanoclastic rocks.
da ting from those of Jelenc ( 1966) up to the rcecnt associa ted with the Cenozoic volcanics. including
syn thesis by Se1assie and Reimold (2000). 11le published Early T ertiary. Late Tertiary and Quaternary St.'<Ii-
data are com plemented by unpublished information ment s.
provided by one of the au thors (Tadesse). Th is wa s then
1Illcgra ted using a G IS software developed by URGM . These rock assemblages represent 23%, 25%, 34% a nd
18% of the tolal surface area respectively. The compiled
2. Ceology straligru ph ic column including the main units is pre-
sctlled in Table I ,
The main rock types of Ethiopia illustra ted o n the
general and schematic mllp of the geology of Ethiopia 2. 1. Precambrian rocks (lnd (Issociated 1fl/r/lSi OIU
(Fig. I) are:
The Precambrian contains a wide variety of sedi-
• The Precam brian metamorphic rocks wi th associated ment.try. volClinic a nd intrusive rocks" hich have been
syn- to post-tecton ic int rusions wh ich form the Base- sUbjt'C!ed to varying degrees of metamorphism and de·
ment Complex: formation . It occupies a position of particular interest
lying al the interface between the predominantly gneis-
Correspondmg authors. sic terranes of the MOlambique Belt to the south in
£'''l(/i/ mldrtJU.• · sotoels.t<a Ielec:om.net .e\ (S. Tadessc:), jp.nut- East Africa and the Arabion Nubian Shield com-
eSL(ilbrgm fr (J _II MlIcsI). y.dcschamp5@brgmJr (y . Deschamps)_ plcxes of Sudan, Egypt and Saudi Arabia to the north,

0899·53621$ _ sec: fronL mauer C ::!OOJ Etsc\ler LId All nghls rcscned
dOi: 10.1 0 I6IS0899.5362(03 )0(.1048-4
 S. TfJI/esst tl (If. I Journal 0/ A/rltall fA"II Stwnctl36 (1003 ) 173313

Poly-deformed and poly-metamorphosed crystalline Stem, 1994; Abdelselam and Stern, 1997; Tadesse and
rocks forming the basement consist of gneisses (orthog- Allen. 2002).
neiss and paragneiss). various schists (mainly mica-
ceous, chloritic. sericitic, feldspathic lind amphibolitic). 2.2. Lme-Paleo=oic lind Ellrfy-Meso=oic sediments
slates, phyllites, marbles, meta-conglomerates. as well as
various generations of intrusions (granites, granodior- These were widely deposited in Ethiopia during a
ites. diorites. dikes or lenses of aplites and pegmatiles. continuous period of subsidence of the land and mi-
gllbbros. pyroxenites and peridotites). These rocks are grat ion or the sea from the east in the Ogaden towards
mainly exposed (Fig. I) in nonhern (Tigray), western the west and north. and covering the central part and
(Wollega), southern (Sidamo) and eastern (Harar) parts northern a reas of the country. These rocks rest lIncon-
of the country. The basement (Fig. I) in the south ~md formably on the Precumbrian metamorphic rocks, filling
west of the country where granitic rocks and gneisses channels in the basement rocks,
predominate. has been more strongly metllmorphosed Today, a large part or these Late-Paleozoic and
than the Precambrian sequences in the north (Kazmin, Early-Mesozoic marine and continental sediments lIre
1972). The highest metamorphic grade (gra nulite fa- exposed in Eastern Ogaden. in central dissected plateaus
cies) has been recorded in gneisses of the southern in the Dlue Nile river basin and in northern TigrilY
and southwestern part of the country (Gichile, 1992). around Mekele (Fig. 1).
Though in many cases strongly folded and foliated , the The Late-Paleozoic to Triassic sediment and tillites,
rocks in the north which include the youngest forma- composed of sandstone. siltstone, shllie. mi nor con-
tions yet known in the Precambrian, have genera lly glomerate and locally tillite (Table I), have been mapped
undergone on ly very low to low grade metamorphism . in several regions. These sedimen ts comprise the Enticho
A three-fold lithotectonic sequence has been sug- sandstones (Tigray), Ihe Edaga Arbi glacial sediments
gested for the Precambrian basement rocks of Ethiopia (Tigray), the Permian Sa ndstone (SW Et hiopia), the
by Kazmin (1975) and Kazmin et al. (1978), consisting Gura Sandstone (SE Ethiopia), the Middle Abay Tillite
of a Lower, Middle and Upper Complex. (Central Ethiopia). the Waju. Calub. Gumburo Sand·
The Lower Complex, which is considered the o ldest stones and thc Bokh Shale (Ogadcn, SE Ethiopia)
sequence, consists mainly of high grade gneisses and and Genalc basin glacial tillites (Tadesse and Mclaku,
migmatites with subordinate quanz- feldspathic gneisses 1998).
and schists. The Mesozoic sediments comprise: (i) the Lower or
Adigrat Sandstone of Triassic age. (ii) J urassic Lime-
• Rocks of the Lower Complex are o\lerlain by the stone or the Antalo Group and (i ii) the Cretaceous
Middle Complex. represented by platform-type Upper Sandstone. which is largely conglomeratic with
psammitic and pelitic metasediments with subordi- mudstone and marl intercalat ions.
nate marbles and schists. (i) The Adigrat sandstone (Tigray) rests unconform-
• The Middle Complex in turn, is tectonically overlain ably on the basement. The sandstone, which varies from
by the Upper Complex which includes a thick succes- a few meters to 800 m in thickness. is typica lly n yel-
sion of low-grade (predom inantly greensch ist facies) lowish to pink , fine-to medium-gnlined. non-ca lca reous,
island-arc and ophiolitic assemblages. well sorted, cross-bedded quartz sandstone with inter-
bedded siltsto nes and minor conglomera tes.
Recent geochronological and isotopic studics suggest (ii) The Antalo Group incorporates the th ree forma-
that this Precambrian basement (granite-gneiss. volca no· tions which make up the marine Mesozoic sequence
sedimentary and ophiolit ic suites) is dominantly within the central plateau . The type section of the
Neoproterozoic in age (Aya lew et al .. 1990; Gichile, Antalo Group, in the Abay Gorge (i n the Bl ue Nile
1992; Teklay et a l., 1998: Germ. 2000). and that the basin), tOlals 880 m (Getaneh, 1991). Antalo Limestone
rocks previously attributed 10 the Archean o r pre-Neo- is typically developed in the Mekele area, where a 750 m
proterozoic could be part of pre-Neoproterozoic conli- thick sequence consists of fossiliferous yellow limestone
nental crustal rragments (e.g. Tulu Dimlu o rogenic belt . and marl. In chronological order. the rormations arc:
Western Ethiopia. Tadesse and Allen. 2(02). includin g
possibly reworked and remobilized components, as in- (a) The Abay beds (Cen tra l Ethiopia), Middle J urassic,
dicated by Archean zircon xenocrysts round by TekJay composed or limesto nes, calcareous 5..1 ndsIOnes,
<1'1. (1998). shale and gypsum beds (thick ness: 580 m).
Ophiolitic mafic- ultramafic belts could be inter- (b) The Antalo Limestone (loca lized in different re-
preted, in accordance with the models developed for the gions). Upper Jurassic ("Ool itic J urassic") consists
Arabian Nubian Shield, as Neoproterozoic suture of fossi liferous limestones, interbedded marl , ca lca r-
zones along which different terranes were accreted dur- eous shale and rare arenaceous beds (thickness: up
ing the Gondwana collision (Shackleton, 1994. 1996: to 1400 m).
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Table I
SummaI)' or stratipaphy or EthiopIa
ERA Age (Ma) Comple'-=< Mllin groups/formationsllhlcknhs Location MillO rock types MaIO commOOlues
Cenozoic 0 Rif'! (or "Aden") &diments: Omo Group MaIO Ethiopian Rlf'! Febic pcrutkahne \'olcamcs GeOlhermy. (Au)
MIddle ~hocene to .,,~
(t.l~3.1 Ma) (150--750 ml (MER) ArlIT 8asm·fill \otcanoelastic sediments (Fe. Mn)
Qua(emal') depression
ucustnne sediments
Minor basaltic volcamsm 011. gas. coal
13-.15 Ma TrJp (or "Plateau") Tarmaber alkaline ba:;alt Cenlral EthiOpIan Flood baslIhs (alkalLne to tholel' POiash. SOIh. trona.
Sl'Tlh (500-3000 ml formation Plateau (N W) IIi" minor igmmbrite. rh)ollte gypsum. lunl.'Stonc
AlaJlfe formalion bentOnite. diatomite
54 Ma Alba baYlh Harrar Plateau (SE) Assoct:lIcd sediments clay. pumlcc
Ashangi basah
Paleocene mIddle· E. Ogaden sedlmenlS Total: up 10 1000 m Eastern Ogadcn Manne and continental sediments Sulphur '~"
Me:so:wic:
=~

Late Cretaecous to Mesozoi!; Amba Arad om Form (Late Tigra y. Central and Manne and clasue se(hments; Limestone. gypsum.
,,"
~

paleocene
(# 60-55 Ma?)
CretaceouS). lS0-600 m
Antalo Group. I\ gula Shale (Latc
E. Elh.
Tigra y. N. EthIopia
dolomIte silica sand.
common clay -
0

JurassIC). 60-250 m
Antalo Group. Antalo Limestone
(Upper Jurassic). up to 1400 m
Central Ethiopia r
..,"-
Anta lo Group. Abay beds ( ~hddle oS
Jurassic). 580 m ~
0
Adlgrat Sandstone (Lower Tigray. N. EthiopIa Sandstone. siltstone. conglomerate 011. gas
~
Sandstone. Triassic). 800 m shale. calcareous shale. marl clayey
Hamllnlel Form (Jurassic). Sand SE Eth,opIa limestone. limestone, oolithic lsI.
~
up 101350 m

Bel~t Uen Foml (Cenom. Ogaden. SE Ethiopia

'"
o·
~
~
Turonian), 90-230 m is:
~

~
Ferrer Form (A lbian~ Ogaden. SE Ethiopia
Cenomanian). 100---200 m
Se<limcnts Mustahll Form (Aptian Alb,an) Ogaden. SE Elhiopia Dolomite. gypsum and anhydrite ~

Kor.the Form (Neocomlan).

100-50(1 m
Ogadcn. SE Elhiopia bod,
'"
~

Gabredarre Form (Upper

Jurauic). 410 630 m
Ogaden. SE Ethiopia
"
Late Palrol.OIe1 TnasslC JurassIC Early MesozoIC Enllcho sand~tone. about 160 m N EthIopia. Tigra y Manne and eonullenutl 5edimenlS; (Pb. CuI 011. Gas
Early MCSOJ:olc (200 2.SO Ma")
Edaga Garbl Glltccials. ISO 180 m N Eth,Optd. TigrJy
Middle: Abay Ulllle Central Ethiopia Sandstones. sillstones. shale. mmor
Late l'alcolOIC Permian sandstone SW Ethiopia oonglomef'Jte. I~.tl uilltes
Gum sandstone Bale. SE EthiOpia
WaJu and Calub sandstones Ogaden. SE Ethiopia
SedunenlS Gumburo sandstone and Hokh Og:lden. SE EthlOP11i
Shale
N
~
~
280 S Tllden~ ~I II/ I Journ/ll 0/ A/rirull t.lmh Sl'ienus 36 (2001) 171 -1/3

(c) Thc Agula shale (Tigray), Upper Jurassic (Kimme-

ridgian) is composed of shale, black shale, marl,
claystone and minor limestone and dolomite (thick-
ness: 60-250 m).

The Upper Sandstone (Cretaceous) consists of sand-

stone, shale. marl. oolith ic and dolomi tic limesto ne and
minor gypsum- andlor a nhydrite-beari ng beds dcposited
conformably on the Jurassic rocks in somc areas. as in
Western Eth iopia. and wh ich arc unconformable in
others, as in the Tigray region.
The th ickest and most com plete succession of Mc-
sozoic rocks is known in eastern and western Oguden
and in the Hararghe region, including upper J urassic to
Turonian Gabredarre (ool ithic limcsto ne, sa ndstone.
ma rl, shale, and minor gypsum-bell ri ng beds; thickness:
400-630 m), Ko rahe (dolomi tic limestone, marl, shale
and minor an hydrite-bea ring beds; thickness: 100-500
m), Musla hi l (limestone. sha le and marl; no data on
thickness), Ferfer (dolomite and clayey limestones:
th ickness: 100-200 m). Belet Uen (limestone and
gla ucon ite shale; thickness: 90-230 m) lind Amba Ara-
dom (sa ndstone. shale, siltstone: thickness: 150-600 m)
Formations (Gerra, 2(00).

2.3. Ceno=oic rocks

2.3. 1. Cenozoic sedimenwry rocks

Sedimentary and volca no-sedimentary rocks are in-
tercalated in various proportions with several volca nic
episodes occurrin g from the ca rly Tertiary to the QUll-
ternary.
Cenozoic sedimen tary rocks occur in eastern Ogadcn .
the Danaki l depression. and the lower Omo Valley.
Marine and conti nental sediments in eastern Oguden
ra nging in age from Palaeocene to Middle Eocene have
a total th ickness of up to 1000 m (Getaneh. 1991 ).
Latc tertiary to Quaternary sedi men tary rocks as-
sociated with volcllnics include clay. silt , sand . gravel,
tufTs, marls and limestone of the Omo Group ( 150-750
m thick, 1.3- 3. 1 Ma) and clay. si ltsone. sa ndstone and
conglomera tes of thc Adar Formation (30- 200 m thick,
2.6-3. 1 Ma) (Tefern et al.. 1996a,b).

2.3.2. Ceno=oic volclInic rocks

Tertiary volca nics (" Plateau volcanics"): The earliest
and most extensive group of volca nic rocks arc the
··Trap Series", erupted from fissures during eu rly Ter-
tiary (54--13 Ma); (Moh r. 1963; Z.1 nelti n, 1993; Tefera
et al.. 1996a.b; Hofman n et a l., 1997). The Trap Scries
consists of piles of flood basalts and minor ignimbrites.
Thc basalts arc transitional fro m alkaline to tholeiitic in
composition and cru ptcd fro m fissures. The fl ows range
in thickness fro m 500 to 1500 m (Mohr and Zanctlin,
1988) to up to 3000 m (Tefera et al.. 1996a.b). These
 S Ii/rI,'H,'I";11 I J(llImal (If-t/riwlI/;.ilrlh Sn,'nu'~)O r20lJ) 27))/J 2RI
rocks are o\crlalll by shield \.olcunocs that consist Geological mapping and mineral exploration b) the
mainly of porphyritic amygdaloidal oli\inc b:lsalt. Ethiopian Institute of Geological Sune) (EIGS) and
others (EIGS. 1989) shO\~ Ihat withm this crystalline
2.3.3. The Rift {Iml JIll' lls.wc;lIIed l"ufc(lIIic roCI..1 basement the most promising arC'IS for gold and base
The Ethiopian Rift is the northernmost extension of metal deposits arc particularly linked to Ihe low-grade
Ihe great East African Rift Ihal extends from north- metamorphic volcano-sedimentary belts belonging to
eastern Ethiopia to Mozambique in southern Africa. the 900 500 Ma Arabian Nubian Shield temmes.
With a length of more Ihan 4000 km. More than o ne- Most of the Precambrian volcano-sedimentary
quarter of the rift system lies in Ethiopia (Fig. I). The sequences (possible greenstone belts) and associated
Central MaUl Ethiopian Rif! (MER) is a large I km dL'Cp intrusions have been subjccted to :;e\eral orogenic
graben with an average width of about 70 80 km and a cpisodes since their fomlation. In particular during the
length of 700 km Mrctching from the Ethiopian Kenyan P,lIlafrican orogeny. responsible for the fonnation of thc
border in the south 10 Ihe Afar Depression in the north. Arabi:1Il Nubian terranes. This process. combined \\ nh
The rift dissects the highlands of the cou nt ry inlo the the rifting associated with the dc\elopmcllI of the Red
eastern (I lurrar) and western (Central Ethiopia) pIli- Sea and the East African Ethiopian Rifl Valley. has
tca us ~Uld is bounded on two sides by a series of large resulted in considerable fracturing and shattering.. Ma-
normal faults. The eastern escarpment of the MER is jor water resources are associated wllh these fracture
ehur<lctcrized by step faults. with significant throws in its lones.
northellstern sector exceeding 1500 m between the top of The Mesozoic sediments arc Important for their as-
Ihe plateau lind the rif! noor. The westcrn margin is sociated industrial minerals and building materials in-
gradational lind less marked thus uccounting for Ihc cluding limestones. sand. sa nd:.tones. gypsum and clays.
aSymmetry of the MER. Acti\c tectonic movcments arc F,lvourable conditions for oil lind gas are also present.
confirmed by numerous faults affccting Iiolocene rock Early Tertiary formations sho\\ potential possibilities
units and by the intense recent seismicity of the whole for lignite. opal. oil shale. latcntic Iron ore. Bcntonllcs.
region (Di Paola. 1972) . industrial clay minerals. perlite and pumice arc com-
.The Ethiopilln plateaus bordering the rift consist ofa mon.
thick succession of flood basalts and lesscr amounts of Tertiary and Younger sediments hosl sulph ur. diato-
rhyolites emplaced during Eocene to middle Miocene mite. ben tonite. potash. common ;);111. perlite. Favour-
(54 to 13 15 Ma) (Woldegabricl ct III.. 1990). The noor able condi tions for oil and gas arc also present.
of the rift is commonly covered b) I)lio-Quutcrnary Rift volCl.lIlics and sediments arc Important for geo-
volcanic products and basin-fill ... olennoclastic sedi- thermal energy. soda ash. epithermal gold, diatomite.
ments. Basaltic vole.mic rocks (transitional from alka- bentonite. suit. sulphur. pumice etc.
line to tholeiitic III composition) become progressively Table 2 presents a summary of ore deposit t) pes
Younger northwards to Afar. although young basaltic (metall ic and industrial minerals. construction and
VO.lcanism of minor volume is also common along the building materials) kno\\ n to dllte in Ethiopia. Charac-
aXlul Zone of the Ethiopian Rift. The main petrological teristics of main ore deposits (Class A: very large de-
fe,Hure of the MER is the abu ndance of felsic peralka- posit: C ln ss B: large deposit: Class C: medium deposit)
~ne Volcanics (mainly pantelleritcs) related both to the arc su mmarizt.'<i Table 3. Small deposits (Class D).
ISSural activity and to the se\.cral volc.'mocs rising from occurrences (Class E) and deposits without available
the rift noor. It has been suggested that cast west economic data (Class NIA) are presented Table 4.
Structures may be an important factor in controlling lhe Locations arc presented 111 Fig. 2 (metallic mineral de-
lOCations of \olcunism along the rift . Thick sediment posits) and Fig. 3 (non-metallic mineral deposits).
'hccumUlations of lacustrine origlO co ... cr large areas of
t c rift noor. 3.1. Melt/lfie mineml deposits

Major metallic ore deposilS of Ethiopia consist of

precious metals (Au. PI). rurc metals (Ta) and to a lesser
3. Miner"1 resources ex tent Ni and Fe: some deposlls arc currently mined for
Au and Til (e.g. Legrl Dembl. Kcnticha) or arc at an
f The Precambrian crystalline basement of Ethiopia is advanced stage of investigation (e.g. Bik.ilal projcct. Fe);
o particular interest because of the fact thllt it contains to d:lle. base metals (Zn. Pb. Cu) and alloy metals (Cr.
almost all known mineral commodities of the country 1\'10. Mn) arc only kno\\n as I.x,'currenccs or non-eco-
(both metallic and mdustrilll minerals and rocks). no- nomic small-sizc depoSits.
t'hbly gold. platinum. rare metals. nickel. cOPI)Cr. iron. Metallic resources arc mostly genetlcal1) linked 10 the
e r .
M.omlUn~, kaolin. fcldspar. cllIY. asbestos. tlllc. etc. tectono-thermal evolution of the vanous low-gmde
drble. limestone und gra nite arc also commo n. metamorphic voleano-sedimelllary belts belonging to
Table 2
Ore deposit t)'])eS of EthioPIa
Commodiues On: deposit types MalO deposits (A, B. C) Mmor deposits (sec Table 4)
(sec Table J)
Mr.tullk orr.s
Au, Ag (±Cu, Zn, 8nllie-ductilc shear-zone rdau:d "mesothermal" gold deposilli leg3 Oembi. Megado, Sakaro Ogo, Oul, ~laramsam. lIasamte. Oda-Godere, Adl Zcrescnay
Pb. M. Sb. Oi) Main
Au, Ag Allu"'iakluI'ial placttl Adola Belt. Bore Bedakcssa. lege Olma. Ocmi Ocmssa, Akobo. Slrkole
Au. As. (As.. 8M) Volcanogenic. \'olc&no-sedunental) and sedimental')'-exhalath'e Abetsc:lo. Kala. Azale-Akendeyu
ort. deposits
Au, Ag(As) Epithermal high. or low'5ulphidation ore deposit~ Gedemsa. COrbell!. Tendaho
Be. l.i Zoned gramllc pcgmaul(!$ BlSSldirno valle) (to lo-Be). Gubda valley (Be). Kerllicha (T!l, Be. Ul
Co Red Bed hosted copper depositS Chen.:her. GaJeui \'alley
Co Ore lkposilS related to basic- ullrllba.Uc magmatic roclo:s
Co Bnttle-ductile shear-zone related "mesothermal" gold deposits Adi Dairo-Indalhlo I (Au- Cui. As.hashlre (Au-Cu- Pb-Znl. Bomo
(gttnscbist facies) (Au-Cu), Digati (Au-Cu- Pb)
Cu Fault·related ore deposits in a magmatic contal Entkbo (Cu), Fa ... l)'
Co Vok:anogc:nic. ",oleano-sedimentary and sedimenta1)-exhalati",e Abetselo. Kala. AzaJe..Akendeyu, Galeu
orc deposns
Co Carbooate·hosttd base-metal deposits, or Red Bed hosta! lead Soh (pb-Cu). IJabuna (Pb-Cu)
ckposits?
Fe. Ti (P) On: deposits hosled b)' baSIC mlnmons Blkilal Melka Arba
F, Banded iron fonnalion5 (81F "Superior Fe") Beliga 2, Chago, Gordana. Kortt
Fe (Mnl Laterite·related Ind sosun·related Ikposits Mdka Sedi. Gammalucho. Garo Adua, Entichio: Adi Ikrbere. Chilachikin, Dimma, Galo (Mai Gudll)
".
Mn
SedunentaI)' manganc:se deposns
Laterite and gassan·related 01'C' <kposil$
Enhfela
Adi 8erbere. Melka Sedl
"0 Gramloid controlled ore deposits Fakusho
"0
Nl. Co fer)
Zoned grnmlic pegmatllcs
Ore deposits related to basic-ultrabasic magmatIC rocks and Adola Bell: Tulia, Ula Ulo. Kill"
BIWdimo \'3IIey, Chlltu
Big DubK'ha, MonlUil. Burjiji, Lololu
laterite-related ore deposits
Pb Carbonate-hosted base·metal deposil5, or Red Bed hosted lead AlI'mtu, Gam Ua. Mariam Adl ~ta, Soh
deposits?
Pb, In. BM Volcanogenic. \'olcano-sedlmentary and sedimentary-exhalalive Abetsc:lo. Kata, Azale·Akendeyu
ore <kposilS
Ph. Zn. BM 8rittle-doolle §har·zoTlC related "mesothennat" gold deposits Chamuk. Haramsam (+Au). Ashashire (Au-Cu- Pb---Zn)
Pt. Phd (Au) On: deposlu related to baslC-ultrabaSlC magmalic; rocks. and Yubdo Tulu Dlmtu
residually enriched ore deposits
Pt. Phd (Au) Alluvial-elu~ial pl:lCers Soddu. Yubdo. Tutu Dimtu
Ta.Nb. Cc Zoned grannic pegmatlles Kenticha (Ta) MeJeka (Ta- Nb). Kilkile. Agcre Maryam (Ta)
Tillm. TiRt. Zr Allu\'ial-etu\'ial placers ARata (TiRI. Tiilm. Zr): Bedessa Tega. Sacco River. Zembala Woha
U.Tb Pegm.alites Harar (U--Th)
W Granitoid controlled ore deposits Kala (+Mo)
W Briule-ductiJe shear·zone n:lated "mcsothennal" gold depoSits Digati (+Au-Pb-Zn-Cu- Ni- As). East SakaTo (+Au- As--Ag).
(gn:c:nschisl facies) Korkoro (+Au- Pb-Ag). Mcstelinfin (Azenge) (+Au-Cu)

EM""
GTH Geothennal energy (geotbennal system) Aluto Langano. Tendaho Corbeui. Gedemsa, Lake Abay"
C<nl Lignile dep0511s Nejo. Uchale. Mush \'alley (Ochre Bn:han). Ankober. Chllncho.
Debra Libanos. Chdga, [)elbi. Moye
Petr. gas Oil and gas deposits Calub Ogaden, Red Sea I
 ROC'Ks una Induslrilll minerals
Abr Industrial rocks and mm~ntls related to plutonic rocks and 10 CatTllTa (gMne!. mica)
metamorphIC' rocks
Asb. TIc. Vrm Asbestos. laic or magnesne deposll~ hosted by basIc IlIId Agheremariam. Gam Jabbc (Asb. Vrm). Marwa. f-. foglal. Zanga:
ultntbasic rocks Anno (Tic)
Volcanic-hoslcd mdLlSlnal r()l;k and mmer-II deposns Gcwane. Ledl. Gldleho Island
Supergene and sediment-relined mduslnal rock and mmeral Yuba (ArUS!ii). Mckele. Melka Dire Da .....t. Bole. Chelga. Zega Wadel
deposll$ lebdu. Bebda
Dol Sedi~nl-rc:laled mdLlStnal rocks and mmerals: Siale. marble Galenl. lI ula·Kulll
and o rnamental-stone deposits
D<m VolcanlC'-hoMed mdLlstnal rock and mmeral deposits Lakes rrglOn dlsl(1ct Abt)"ata
Feld Industrial rocks lind mmerals relaled to plutonIC rocks. Kcnucha. Babllc-80mbasa
pegmautes
Volc.tnie-hosted mdustrial rock and mmeral deposits Yita Allum. Adwa
Evaporite-related indusmal rocks and minernls SocIoblc Hagere Sclam. Mugher. Adigudom
In<iLlStrial rocks and minerals related 10 metamorphic rocks; Moyale Adadikoto. Bissidimo valley, Ramis valley
Supergene IIIduslrIal r()l;k and mllleral deposits
G~ Industrial rocks and mmerals related to plutonic rocks Hamaress.a
"'0
Kya
Supergene Industrial rock lind mmeral deposits
Industrial T()I;ks and minerals related to metamorphic rocks
Bombowha. Kombclcha
Chembi
LstC. LstL SedIment-related IIIdustrial rocks lind minerals Mugher, Mckele. Wukiro Dire Dawa. Gefersa, KelJa. lemma·Wonchu. Shinile
MlC'a IndLlStnal rocks and minerals related 10 plutonIC rocks Carrara, Cheha. Marechi. Shebclh. Tuluhora
Mrb! Slate, marble and ornamental-slOne deposits Dalell. Mora, Baruda Bulen. Negash. Gub:!.. Hak im·Gam
NaIr Lacustnne deposits (sebkha_ salar. alkalme lake) Lake Ablyata. Lake Shall!.
Lake Chlltu
Nilr Salts and gypsum deposits: Lacuslrine deposits (sebkha. salar. Deno. Felegc Brchan
a1kalme Jake)
0" Vokanlc-hosted industrial rock and minerdl deposits Mega
Pb~ Ore deposiu hosted by basic intrusions Bikilal, Melka Arba
Ph~ Phosphontes (or sedunentary phosphates) Ogaden 8asm
Pou Vokamc-hosled industnal r()l;iI: and rmneral depos1\S Ganbaldl pass (Nazreth)
PHb SailS and gypsum deposits Salt Valley. Dallol
Py Briltle-ductik shear'lone related "mesothermal" gold depoSits Abctselo
(greenschist facies)
Qtl~ Quopt Zoned granl\lC pegmalllC'S Kenticha area Abdul Kadir
S High-sulptudalion solfalara Chebret Ale Doran. Daneb
Salt Salts :lIId gypsum deposits. lacuslnne deposits Lake Abiyata. Adumi Tulu ilred.
AdlgTllt. ASSode, Gcbro
Sedlment·related mduslnal rocks and mmentls; supergene Dire Dawa. Mugher, Koffe· Kecha. Adlgrat, Kebrc Mcngm. lI aghere 1'!aWOl
deJ"lOSllS MUle. GlmblCho
TatHe 3 ~

Major mmeral deposIU or Ethiopia (A. Band C class) I:

No. Deposit name Commodl\) I a.~ Tonnage range Othercomm. Longitude Latitude StalUS Ore: dc:POSlt types (Gltology) Map symbol
\f~lallil: orcs
1 Adola bell A. S 50 250 t Au Ni, Cr. Pt 38.96 5.81 Producing district Bnule--ducule shear-zone Au.Ag
(Distnct) related "mesothennal" gokl
deposit, alluvial-cluvial

, Adola Valley A. e 10-50 t Au 39.00 5.89 Producing district

placer
Alluvial-<!luvial placer Au.Ag
plaoers
,.,.
,,
e
) Bo~
Laga Adunia ,.,.A. e
I()..SO t Au
10-50 I Au
38.78
38.n 5.n
Producmg
Productng
deposit
depoSit
AlJuvlai-cluvial placer
Alluvia1-cluvial placer
I\U.Ag
Au. Ag

6
Lap Emyo
Lega Dembi A.
e
S
10-50 t Au
50-250 t Au
35.72
38.86
' .50
5.69
Producing
Producing
deposit
deposit
Alluvial-cluvial placer
Briule--duclile shear·zone
Kilned "mesothamal" gokl
Au. Ag
Au. Ag ..'.."
deposit. alluvial-clu\'ial
placer ,
~
7 Megado-small A. e 1()..50t Au Ag 311.01 5.52 "~p<a Bnttle-ductile shear·zone Au. Ag "-
Gagama Klated "mesothennal" gold ~

8 Monnora ,. e 100050t Au 38.67 5.75 Producing deposit

deposit
AlluYial---elu\'ial placer Au. Ag [
• Sakaro Mam A. e 10-50 t Au ]9.17 ' .68 Producing deposll Brinle--dUClile shear·zone
Klaled "mesothennaJ"' gold
Au. Ag
"-
~
I. Smaller ,. e 10-50 t Au 38.7 1 l." Deposit or unknown
statUS
deposit
AlIu\'ial-cluviaJ placer Au. Ag
~.
~
Y.bdo A. e Pt. Ag. Cr. Ni. 3SA2 8.... Producing small·scale Ore deposIt n::laled to basic- Au. Ag ~
" 10-50 t Au
F< mine uhrabasic magnmtic rocks;
laterite-Klated ore deposit: '"
§.

" Yubdo A. e 500--2500 t Ag Pt. Au. Cr. Ni.

F<
35.42 8.... Producmg small-scale
mine
alluvial---eluvjal placer
Ore deposit related to bask:-
ultnlbasic magmatic rocks:
Au. Ag •"'
~

" Bikilal (Fe) F< C 1()..100 Mt Fe Ph~ 35.88 '.30 Deposit under
laterite-Klaled ore deposIt;
alluvial-cluvial placer
Ore deposit n::lattd to basic- Fe, Mn. Ti, V. Zr -
is!
~

Il Gammalucho F,
F,
e
e
l()"IOO Mt Fe
10---100 Mt Fe
]7.21
37.19
7.59
7.51
development
Prospect
Prospect
ultrnbasic magmatic rocks
Laterite-related ore deposit
Lattrite-related OK deposit
Fe.
Fe,
Mn. Ti.
Mn, Ti.
V.
V.
Zr
Zr
-'"
~

"""
Garo
Melka Sedi F< e 10---100 Mt Fe M. 37.39 7.50 Prospect Laterite-Klated ore deposit Fe. Mn, Ti. V. Zr
A.ssaJe (Mnl M. e 1- 10 MI Mn F< 40.06 14.38 Prospect Unspecified ore deposit type Fe. Mn. Ti. V. Zr
17 Seliga 1 (Mn) M. e 1- 10 Mt Mn F, 39.99 14.39 Prospcct UnSpecified ()K deposit type Fe. Mn. Ti. V. Zr
18 Btbga 2 (Mussley) M. e 1- IOMt Mn F, 39.95 14.42 Prospect Gossan.type manganese Fe. Mn. Ti. V. Zr
deposit
Handeda M. e 1- 10 Mt Mn F< 39.97 14.40 ,,~- Unspecified OK deposit Iype Fe. Mn. Ti. V. Zr
"
1 Adola Belt
(District)
Ni S 0.2-2 Mt Ni A. 38.96 5.8\ Dctnnant district OK deposIt Klated to basic-
ultnlbasic magmatic rocks:
Ni. Co. Cr

Iaterite·related ore deposit

20 Am..". N·
" e 0.02-0.2 Mt Ni Co 39.00 5.31 Prospect Ore dtpQsit related to basic- Ni. Co. Cr
ultrabasic magmatic rocks:
laterite-related OK deposit
21 0.""" N, C O.02~.2 MI Ni Co, Cr
"'" 5.74 Prospecl Ore dc-posit related 10 basic-
ultrabasic magrmllJC rocks:
Ni. Co. Cr

laterite-refaled ore deposit

22 DublChli Gudda Ni C 0.02-0.2 Mt Ni Co 39.0] 5.68 Prospect Ore deposit related to baSlc - Ni. Co. Cr
uilrabBS1c magmal1c rocks;
Illlcrne-relau:d ore d(poSH
2J Kenllcha rNi, Cr. N, C 002-0.2 MI Ni Co, Cr ]9.03 5,49 Prospect Ore deposit related 10 baSIC Ni. Co. Cr
Col ultrabaslC magmatic rocks,:
lalcnlc·re]ated ore deposit
N, 0.02-0.2 M1 Ni
" Ketta {Nil C Co. Cr 1897 5.]8 Pros(X'C! Ore deposIt related 10 basic-
ultr.lbasic magmatic rocks:
lateritt-related ore deposil
Ni. Co. Cr

eo.cr ]8.91
25 Killa Ni C 0.02-02 MI Ni 5.49 Prospccl Orc deposit relaled to basic
ultrabasic magmatic rocks:
Ni. Co. Cr
'"~
laterite-related ore deposit ~
26 MomSSll N, C 0.02-0.2 Mt Ni Co ]8.97 5.85 Prospect Ore deposit related \0 basic-
ullrabasic magmatic rocks;
Ni. Co. Cr
,~
0
laterite· related ore deposit ~

27 Tulia (Nil Ni C 0.02...(1.2 Mt Ni Co 38.90 5.44 Prospect Ore deposit related 10 basic- Ni. Co. Cr
uhrtlbasic magmalic rocks:
~~
18 Tullon Chebt Ni C 0.02...(1.2 Mt Ni 38.99 5.23 Prospect
lalerile·related ore deposil
Ore deposit related to basic- Ni. Co, Cr ..,
ultrabasie magmatic rocks: ~
,.
,
laterile-relau:d ore deposit
29 Ujima (Ni. Cr. N, C 0.02-0.2 ~h Ni Co. Cr 39,00 5.12 Prospect Ore deposit related 10 basic- Ni. Co. Cr S
Col uhrtlbasic magmatic rocks; ,~
latente-relaled 0«' deposu ~
30 Ula-Ulo Ni C 0.02...(1.2 Mt Ni Co 38.91 5.51 Prospect Ore deposit related 10 basic- Ni. Co. Cr ~
ultrtlbasic magmatic rocks:
lalenle-relaled ore deposit ,
~.
,
II Yubdo C 10 SOl PI Au. Ag. Cr. 35.42 8." Producing small-scale Ore deposit related to basic Phd, Pt is:
Nt. Fe mme ultrabasic magmatic rocks: ~

laterite-related ore deposit:

alluvial~lu\'ial plaa:r ~
31 KcntlCha (Ta) T. B 50<>-2500 39.02 5.47 Producmg deposu Zoned granrtie pegmallll'S Ta. Nb. Be. Ceo Lt '.
::!
I Ta20S ~

E""•.'
12 AlulO LallgllnO GTH C 10-100 KWh 38.80 7.80 Deposu under Grolhemlltl s)'sten\ OTH "
de\'clopment
B Tcndaho GTH C 10-100 KWh A, 40.85 1148 DePOSit under Geothermal system Gnl
de\'elopntcnl
34 Calub 0 .. C 50-250 km3 44,. 6.24 DePOSit under Gas deposit Gas. Oil shale,
0 .. development !'elf

ROfO und mtius/rial rWMru/s

8m A >S MI Bnt 4106 10.97 Deposil under Volcanic-hosted induSlrial Kin . Bnl. CI}C.
"
36
Ciewane-Mtlle

Gldscho IsJand 8m A >S MI Bnt 38 II 6.70

de\'eloflmenl
Prospect
rock and mmeral deposit
Vok:llnlC·hosled mdustrial
Fdd
Kin. Bnl. Cl}C.
rock and mmeral deposit Fdd ,.
~
~
Tabk 3 ((f)IIlinWfi) N
00
~
No. Deposlt name Commodity I C." Tonnage range Oilier comm. Longitude latitude Statla Ore deposit types (Gitology) Map symbol
31 '-<d, B" A >5 Mt Bnt 39.83 10.83 Prospect Volcanlc-hosled mdustrial Kin. Bnt. ClyC.
rock and mineral deposit Feld
JS Bc:beka ClyC' B 2- 10 Mt Cl)C 35.40 6.90 Producin8 deposit Supergene mdustrial rock lind Kin. Bnt. Cl)C.
minerol deposit Feld
39 Dire Oallo"3. (ayC) ayC B 2- 10 Mt CI)C utC. Sik 41.82 9.51 Prod ucmg depoSit Sediment·related industrial Kin. Bnt. CJyC.

... Mekele cye A >10 Mt CJyC L>,C 39.49 13.54 Producing deposit
rocks and minerols deposit
Sedime",-relau~d Industrial
rOl,:ks lind minerals deposit
Feld
KIn.
Feld
Bnl, Cl}C.

C,<O Unspecified ore deposit type

" Melka Jebdu B 2-10 MI CJye 41.77 9.58 p"""", Kin,
Feld
Bnl. CJ)e.

42

43
Vubo (Arussi)

Lakes ReSlOn dis·

C,<O

D'm
A

A
>10 Mt aye
>10 Mt Dtm
38.43

38.79
9.13

8."
Prospect

Donnant district
Supergene industrial rock and
minernl deposit
Volcanic· hosted industrial
Kin.
Feld
D""
Bnt. ClyC.
..'"
~

....
tOO (Dtm)
Vita GanS B 5-10 t GemS 39.67 9.99 Producing deposit
rock and miDernl deposit
Volcamc·hosted industrial GemS ,~
rock and mineral deposit •
~

45 SodobJe Gp B 50-500 Mt Gp 38.40 9.53 p"""", Salts and gypsum deposit GO

~
46 Moyale G, C 0.1- 1 Mt Gr 39.07 3.60 p",,- Industrial rocks and minerals G,
~
deposit related to metamor·
phic rocks
"-
" H amaressa Grn. C 5-20 Mt Gran 42.07 9.35 Prospect Industrial rocks and mmerals
deposit related to plutonic
UtC, utL. Mrbl.
Grn. "
S~.
••
48 Chembi Kyo A >5 Mt Kya 38.93 6.11 Prospect """
Industrial rocks and minernls
deposit related to metamor·
Ky.
r
phic rocks i<>
39 DIre Oaw8 (utC) "',C C 10-50 MI utC ayC. Silc 41.82 9.51 Producing deposit Sediment-related industrial ute. UtL. Mrbl. ~.

rocks and minerals deposit Grn. S

"... GcfeTSa (Kersa) "',C C 10-50 Mt utC' 38.40 9.48
"""P«' Sediment-related industrial
rocks and mioerals deposit
utC. utL Mrbl.
Grn.
is(
~

Mekele "',C B 5()....25OMt

"'5G-25O
,C Mt
O)'C 39.49 13.54 Producing deposit Sediment·related mdustrial
rocks and minerals deposit
UtC. utL Mrbl.
Gm. ~
SO Mugher (L.nC) "',C B Gp ]8.57 '.48 Producing depoSit Sediment·related mdustnlll UtC. utL. Mrbl. '-
"',C rocks and minerals deposit Grn. ~
"',C
" Wukiro

"',L
B

C
SO-25O Mt
"',C
39.56 1J,74 ProduclIlg deposit Sedlment·rc:lated industrial
rocks and minerals deposit
UtC. LsIL. Mrb1.
Grn. "
"
S)
Kella

BaOlda (MrbI) Mrbl B

2- 10 Mt utL

100SO Mt Mrbl
38.38

35.92
8,12

10.57
DePOSll o r prospect
of unknown status
Producing deposit
Sediment·related industrial
rocks and minerals deposit
Slate, marble and
LstC, uIL. Mrbl,
Gm.
Lste. UtL. Mrbl.

,.. Daleti Mrbl A >50 Mt Mrbl 35.23 10.02 Producing deposit

ornamental·stone deposit
Slate. marble and
Grn.
LstC. LstL. Mrbl,
ornamental·stone deposit Grn.
Producing deposit SllIte. marble and UtC, ulL, Mrbl.
"56 Mora

Lake Abiyala,
Mrbl

Natr
B

A
10-50 Ml Mrbl

>100 Mt Nair Salt

36.03

]8.50
10.53

7.66 Deposit under devel·

ornamental·SIOIlC" deposit
Lacustrine deposit (sebkha,
Grn.
Natr, Nitr
Lake Shala, We opment salar. alkaline lake)
ChillU
 l...d:c ShaJa N:ur 7.5()
" R I()..IOO ""I
Nair
Stll! 38.45 I'rospcci lacu5uinc dcposll (sebkha.
saJar. alkaline la~e)
NaIr. NUT

""
Dallol (Ptsh, Puh C 5-50 MI KlO 40.]2 1-140 Pro)pecl Salts and gypsum deposit Puh
Sal! VaJJcy Puh A >500 MI KlO Salt 40.26 14.]) Producmg pro\']nce Sal,s and gypsum deposIt Puh
60 Kcn licha arca Q~ C 0' I MtQtz Feld 3900 5.45 Pro~pect lndustnal rocls and mmcmls Qll
deposIt related to plulonic
rod:s
S 2-20 MI S Prospect
" Oebret Ale
Adami Tulu area
B
C 5- 50 MI NaC1
"".30
38.67
14.20
7.8 1
High- su lrhidallo n wlfa lam S
62
"" Donnan! dcposEl Lacustrine dcposli (scbkh;J. Salt

..
saiar, alkaline lake)
6J 5- 50 ML NaG 39.52 Salts and gypsum dCpo$l1
Adlval (Salt)
Assalc (Salt)
Gcbro
""
Salt
Salt
C
C 5-50 Ml NaG
5- 50 MI NaCI
40.17
37.19
1432
14.39
7.51
f'rospcci
ProSpccl Salts and gypsum dcposll
Salt
Sail
6'
66 Lake Ab,yala Sail
C
B SO-SOO MI 38.58 7.62
Prospect
ProdUCing deposit
Salls and gypsum deposit
Laeustnne depoSIt (sebkha.
Salt
Salt "~
NaO salar. alkaline lake) ".
S6 Lake
Lake
AbtYdtn.
Shala. "', C 5---50 Mt NaO Nlnr 38.50 7.66 Ikposlls under
development
Laellstnne deposit (sebkha.
salar. allaline lake)
Salt
,~
Lake Chiltu ~
C 13.30 ,
67 Lake Ardera
"" 5---50 Mt NaO ""90 Deposit under
de,dopmenl
Lacustrine deposit (sebkha.
salar. alkaline lake) "" ,
0
0

" Lake Shala

"" C 5---50 Mt NaO NaIr 38.45 7.>0 PrOSpe:i:l Laeustrine deposit (sebkha.
salar. alkaline lake)
Salt ~
...
" Lake Zl .... ay
(north of)
Salt C 5---50 MI NaO 38.79 8.08 Donn:lnt depoSit Lacustnne deposit (sebkha.
salar. alkaline lake)
Sail
,,
S.
68 Om: Oawa (Silc) Silc B 2.5---10 Mt Silc ClyC. UtC 41 .56 9.20 Producing deposit Sediment·relatoo Industrial SHe ••
rocks and minemls depoS it ~
'" Kecha Silc C 0.5-2.5 Mt Sile 38.63 9..11 Prospect Sediment-related industrial
rocks and minerals deposit
Silc ~

7. KolTe-Mute.
Glmbicho
S,. B 2.5-10 Mt Sile 38.60 9.47 Prospect Sediment·related Industrial
rocks and mlnerdls deposit
Sile
'•"
;
~
71 Mugher (Silc) Silc B 2.5--10 Mt Sile 38.20 9.60 De posit under Sedimcnt·relatcd industrial Slic :s:
de\c\opffiCllt rocks and minerals deposIt ,-
Class A \'CfY lurge deposit; 8 large deposit: C: medIUm deposit. Commodmcs: see Sipl1rlCaoce or abbre~ ialions Figs. 2 and 3. ~
~

""
~
Table 4
Mmor rnulCral dePOSllS of Ethiopia
'"
~
~

No. Depos.lnalllC 10 Commodity o.~ Longitude Lamude Ore depoSIt types (GlIOlogy)
MttaUkous
NIA
"
7J
Mcgado-smaU Gag;tmll.

Aba Wedo
ETH·OO534

ETH-00866
A&
A, NIA
38.01

35.51
5.52

9.17
Bnllie-duclile Shear-lone related "mesothennal"
gold deposits tgra:nschisl facies)
Alluvial-eluvial placcrs
A...... A,
"
75
76
Abadida (Ta)'issa)
Abba)' (Wesu:rn Amuenl)
ETH-00828
ETH-0066l
ETH.00867
A'
A,
E
E
NIA
38.83
38.88
3S.22
6.11
5.71
10.42
Syn· to lale-orogenH;:, fault·related ore depositS
AlJuvial-eluvial placcrs
Alluvial-eluvial placers
n Abbay Rher Basin. 15S ETH...... A, NIA 3S.5 1 951 Unspecified are deposit type
78 Abba)' River Basin. 178 ETH...... A, NIA 35.52 ' .36 Alluvial-eluvial placers

"
80
&1
Abba} River Basin. 183
Abba} Ri~1:r Basin, 302-303-30-4
Abba) Rh-er Basin, 309
ETH-00870
ETH ...."
ETH-00873
A,
A,
A,
NIA
NIA
NIA
35.66
35.53
35.46
9.37
9.12
9.08
Unspecified are deposit type
Alluvial-eluvial placcrs
Alluvial-eluviaJ placcl"5
..'~"
..
A, NIA
"
8J
Abbay River Basin. 310-315-316
Abbay Rwer Basm, 312-317
ETH-00874
ETH-00875 A, NIA
35,49
35.56
' .06
'.06
Alluvial-elu\·ial placers
•••
-
Aliuvial-eluviaJ placcl"!i
Abba)' River Basin. 318-319-32(}.323-324 ETH.00878 A, NIA 35.49 9.02 Unspecified are deposit type:
A,
r..
NIA
"
86
Abba} River Basin. 321-3n
Abbay RIVer Basin, Melli (Lower. I)
ETH-00879
ETH-00880 A, NIA
35.56
35.03
9.02
10.19
Alluvial-eluvial placcrs
Alluviakiuvial placers

..
81 Abbay River Basin. Metl! (Lower. 2) ETH..... I A, NIA 35.11 10.17 Alluvial-eluvial placers
88 Abbicba ETH-00205 A, E 35.06 ' .44 Alluviakiuvial placers

9()
AIx"
Abebech
ETH-00207
ETH......
A,
A,
NIA
E
38.96
38.80
6.08
5.63
Alluvial-eluvial placers
Alluvial-elu\ial placers
'iI•"
~
ETH ....., A, NIA •
"" Abubuuu (Upper)
Abuman: (River). 023 Ern...... A, NIA
35.39
34.74
10.70
10.67
AJluvial-eluvial placcrs
Briule-duetile s~r·zone related ··mcsothermar·
gold deposits (greenschist facies) ..
I:'
A"",," A, '.54
"... Ad,Zeresenay
ETH-00210
ETH-00221 A,
E
NIA
35.07
38.22 14.48
Alluvial-eluvial placc:rs
Briule-ductile shear-zone related '"mesothennal"
gold deposits (greenschist facies), residually
S
0
~

enriched on: deposilS

..
" Adl Agar

Adi Oairo-Indallilo 2
ETH-00215

ETH-00219
A,
A,
NIA
NIA
37.97

38.12
I·t·n

14.50
Bnttie-ductile shear·ZODe related " mcsothermal"
gold deposits (greenschist facies)
Briule-duCtile shear·zone related "mesothennal"
"'
~

§
~

~
gold deposits (greenschist facies)
97 Adi ~Iola, Chemit ETH-00220
ETH ......
A,
A,
NIA 38.05 13,91 AJlu\·iaHluvial placers :t
~

""100
Aebin N/A 35.96 11.67 Alluvial-eluvial placcrs ~

Ma (Oabu! basin) ETH-00229 A, 0 38.71 S.54 Alluviakluvial placers

Aftata·Dawa ETH-002l3 A, NIA 38.82 '.23 Briltle-ductile shear·zone related '"mesothennal"
gold deposits (greenschist facies)
101 Aflata placer (Au) ETH-0023I A, NIA 38.69 5.24 Alluviakluvial placers
102 Afudan: (Lower) ETH-00889 A, NIA 34.62 10.88 Alluvial-eluvial placc:rs
10' Afudan: (Middle). 012 ETH-00890 A, NIA 34.57 10.76 Alluvial-eluvial placers
104 Afudan: (Middle), Gazan (Lower) ETH-0089J A, E 34.60 10.82 Alluvial-eluviill placers
lOS Afudare (Upper). 018 ETH..(l()892 A, NIA 3451 10.66 A\Juvial-eluvial placers
106 Afudare (Upper). Ondonolr: ETH-00893 A, E 34.... 10.24 Alluvial-eluvial placers
107 Agar Kete ETH.00894 A, NIA 35.48 9.51 Alluvial-eluvial placers
108 A..... ETH-002J6 A, NIA 34.41 10.00 Brinlo-<iueti\e shear·zone related "mesolhennaj"'
gold deposilS (gn:cnschist facies)
//.'09
//,
A lallll
A/anga
El"H-0024 /
ETH-00241
A.
A.
D
NfA
E
35.33
35.09
35.44
9.5 /
6.80
8.99
AJ/uvia l--<,/tn1a/ placcrs
AiJu \ iaJ-cluvial placers
Allu\'ial-du,-ia l placers
//,
Alrc: ( Hrrbrr} basm
Ankon
ETIl -001.J4
ETlI-00201 '"
A. NfA 34.JJ 9.16 S)'o- \0 lale-orollcnic. fault-related orc deposits.
allu\·ial--i:luviaJ placers
Arangam.:a ETH -00897 A. NIA 35.33 10.30 Allu ... ial--elu~ ial placers
"'"' Asgede ETH-00250 A. N/A 38.13 [407 BnuJe-duclilc shear-lone related "mcsothennllr'
gold dt'poslIs (greenschist facies)
A'A'ala Terrace ETH-OOl54 A. E 38.82 ' .96 Alluvlal--elu. ial placers
"'//' Azcwo ETI-t-002S6
'" NfA 38.03 14.63 Bnulc-duclrlc shear-lone related "meSQlhermal"
gold deposit> (greenschist faclCS)
, 17 BablCho ETII -0084 I A, E 38.83 6.01 Alluvial--eluvial placers
A. NfA
118
119
Badarnu
&.,
ETH -002S9
ETH-00261 A. NIA
35.60
35.62
892
11.02
AlIu\'ial--eluvial placers
A lluv;III--eluvilll placers '"
;;'
120 Ibnga ETH"()o262 A. E 34.36 ' .69 Alluvial dU" ial placers ~

121 &,. ETH..()0263 A. NIA 33.98 8.25 Alluvial~l uvial placers ~

122 Bascla ET H.Q09O.I A. NfA 34.75 10.05 Bnule-ductiJc shea r-zone related " mesothennal"
gold deposilS (grrcnschist facies)
••
~

123 Bedakessa ETH..()0267 A, E 38.89 5.81 A lluvl~tl~luvia l placers

12' Bela\1icte ETH..()0269 A. NfA 34.41 10.56 Brinle-iluctl le shear-zone related "mesotherrmd"
gold deposits (greenschlst facies)
~
~
Beles (LoI'I"Cr) ETH..Q0906 A. NIA 35.25 10.94 A lluvia l~luVlal placers
125
126
127
Beles (SQuthem Affluent)
Belellmboko
ETH-00907
ETH-009 10
A.
A,
NfA
N/A
35.40
35. 12
11 .09
10.57
Allu"ial~lu\'ial placers
All u vial~luvial placers
'"
S,
128 Belfude (Lower. Upper): Strkole {Areal ETH-009 11 A, N/A 3477 10.59 Syn- to late-orogenK:. fault-related ore deposit!>. §"

129 Bila. Chokorsa area ETH-00915 A, NIA 35.60 9.36

alluvial-eluvial placers
Unspecified ore deposit type
,
~
~

130 Blrbirsa I ETH"()o281 A. NIA 34.95 8.51 Brin le-4ucllJe shear-rone related "mesothermal"
gold deposits (greenschist facies)
,•
;,
131
132
Boh.. 125
Bomu: Shogel (Shanglll): Shogd (Upper.
ETH-00920
ETH-00921
A.
A.
NfA
NfA
35.23
34.75
9.94
10.43
Syn- 10 late-orogenK:. fault- rela ted ore deposits
Alluvial-eluvial placers ~
a
~

amU(:nI) ~

'0

"
133 Bomu Menghl ETH-00289 A. E 3439 10.49 Syn- to late-orogenIc. faul t-related ore dcposilS
13' 8,,,,, ETH-00291 A. NfA 35.46 8.87 Bri llle-4ucllle ,hear·zone related "nlC:SQthermar'
~
~

~
gold deposi ts (greenschIst facies) C!
ETH-00922 NfA 35.SO I I 17 Atluvial-cl uvia l placers
1"
136
Bula (Lower)
Bula ( Upper) ETH-00923 '"
A, NfA 35.58 11.30 Alluvial dllvi'll placers
~

<::
137 Bun (Au) ETH"()o297 A. E 38.84 5.48 Alluvud~Ii.Mal placers
138 Bunkaro ETH"()()298 A. NfA 38.84 5.13 AU uvlal--eluvial placers
139 Burku ETU-OOJOO A. NfA 38.73 5,48 Bnllle-dUCIile shear-zone related "mcsothermal"
gold deposits (greenschIst faclcs)
140 Buru.no- Wachu Dlma ETH..()()30 1 A. NfA 38.77 ' .40 Bn llle-4uc\11e S~,1 r-zone related "mcsothermal"
gold deposits (greenschlSI facies)
141 Carlo ETII-OOJ05 A. E 35.(16 8.32 Alluvial-cluviaJ placers
142 Chammo (Akobo baSIn) ETII-00310 A. E 35,04 6.48 A ll u~ lal--el uviltl placers
143 Chamo ETII -00829 A, NfA 3j ,06 6.46 Sy n- 10 lale-orogenlc. fault-related ore: depo~lts
144 Cheketa ETH-003 14 A, NfA 38.85 5.61 UnUle-duclde shear-zo ne related "mesothcmml"
gold deposits (greenschist facies)
Chcmlll ETH-00847 A. E 38.9 1 ' .69 Allu~ia l--i:luvial placers
14' ~
00
~
Table 4 (rotlllnlWd)
No. Deposit name ID Commodity Longitude Lutitude Ore deposit types (Gitology)
!l!
A."
146 ChokorM (Mu1etm. Ebcha) ETH.0Q928 IA 35.56 Alluvial-eluvial pla~rs
147 Cboncho-KlIpc-Kdahu ETH-00322 '"
A, NIA 38.32
' .29
5.62 8rillJo..duaik shear-wne related "me:sothermal'·
gold deposits (greenschist factn)
I.. Cbunde, Cheri ETII-00929 A, NIA 36.23 10.36 Alluvial-eluvlal placers
149 CornlO ETli-00324 A, NIA J5.63 9.14 Alluvial-ellivial placers
". "'b~ ETU.0Q931
ETH.Q0932
A,
A,
NIA
NIA
34.95 10.11 Alluvial-eilivial placers

''""
"3
Oabus (Eastern Afflumt)
Oabus (Ri\'er)
D:!bw (Upper). 01lJa (Lower)
ETH.(10933
ETH-00934
A,
A,
NIA
NIA
35.04
J5.03
34.98
10.4S
10.28
9.34
Alluvial-eluvial placers
Alluvial-eilivial placers
Alluvial-eluvial placers
154 Dabus (W. Affluent) ETU-0093S A, NIA lS.05 10.54 Allllvial-elu\'ial placers
155 Dale (Affluent) ETH-00938 A, NIA lS.02 10.10 Alluvial-eluvial placers
'"
".
157
Dale (Middle)
Dama (lower Mormora baSIn)
ETIi-00939
ETH-00333
A,
A,
NIA 35.06 10.03
' .40
AlJuvial-elllvial placers ;;<
~
E 38.47 Alluvial-eluvial placers
Oll\\,ll Cursu ETH-0033S NIA
'"
'"
160
Degero (Dabus Basin)
Degero (Upper)
ETH-00343
ETH-OI05S
'"
A,
A,
E
NIA
18.91
35.S5
38.0\
' .36
9.61
11.83
Alluvial-eillviai plaCCTS
Alluvial-elu\'ial placers
Alluvial-eluvial plaCCTS
••
~

161 Deb OjiJa ETH.Q0844 A, E 38.86 5.88 Alluvial-eluvial placers

162 Oemi Rufa ETH-00347 E Alluvial-eluvial placers ~
3S.S0 5.53
'"
163
164
Oila. 190
01la.193
ETH-00947
ETH-0094'
A,
A,
A,
NIA
NIA
NIA
35.24
35.31
9.28
9.24
Alluvial-elu\;al placers
Alluvial-eillvial placers ..,l
'"
166
167
Otl1a (Upper)
Dimma (Au)
Dol
ETI-1-00951
ETH-003s.4
ETIi-00362
A,
A,
NIA
D
35.39
35.86
34.40
9.38
9.52
10.49
Alluviai-eillvilil placers
AI1I1\·ial-eluvial placers
BritlJe-dllctile shear-zone related "mesothermal'·
S,
~
§

~
gold deposits (greenschist faCIes)
16' Dura (Lower) ETH.(109S2 A, NlA 35.47 10. 15 Alluvial--eluvial placers ~

169 Dura Aebm ETH-00953 A, NlA 36.38 10.83 Alluvial-eluvial placers

17. Dun (lo\\ocr) ETH-00954 A, N/A 34.62 10.69 AlIlIviul-elu\'ial placers
•~
171
172
Ouri (Middle)
Ebilcha (lkkuJi-Moush)
ETH-00955
ETU-009S6
A,
A,
NIA
NIA
34."
35.94
10.65
10.30
Alluvial-eilivial placers
Syn- to latc--orogenic. fault-related ore deposits
ais(
173 Ebin;:ha-Okote ETIi-00367 A, NIA 38.78 5.08 Briule-ductik shear-zone related "mesothennar·

..,mba A,
gold depositS (greenschist facies)
~
'"
I7S EJOba (North)
ETII-00833
ETU-00957 A,
NlA
NIA
35.94
35.S6
10.60
10.46
Syn- to late-orogcnie. fault-related ore deposits
Aliuvial-elu\;aJ placers
~

'.
176 Embukncya ETU-Q095S A,
A,
NIA 35.43 10.10 S)'n- to late-orogtnic, fault-related ore deposits ~
NIA
177
17'
Faduka (Area)
Fare (lower. Upper); Belcsa:
Gebo (Middle); Oda
EnI-00959
ETH-0096I A, NIA
34.51
35.13
10.56
10.28
Syn- to late-orogenic, fault·related ore deposits
AlIlIvial-eluvial placers "
179 F;wo (Mount) ETH--00962 A, NIA 35.40 10.12 Syn- to late-orogenic. rault-related ore deposats
180 Gagama ETH-00387 A, E 38.80 '.S6 AlilIvial-eluviaJ placers
181 Gambela Mountain ETli-00392 A, NIA 34.41 10.66 AUlIvial-elllvial placers
18' 0.,.". ETH-00398 A, N/A 34.99 7.05 AlIlIvial-elllvial placers
183 Gassana (Akobo placers) ETH-00399 A, NIA 35.19 6.43 Alluvial-eluvial plaet:rs
18' Ga\\,;ssa ETH-00401 A, E 37.17 7.41 Alluvial-eluvial placers
185 Gayo-Bedakessa ETH-00402 A, N/A 38.84 '.80 Brittlo-ductlle shear-zone related "mesothermaJ"
gold deposits (greenschist facies)
18. Gazan (Lower P) ETH-OO%3 A, NIA 34.62 10.77 AJluvial-eIIl'lial placers
187 Gazan (Middle, Upper) ETH-00964 A, NIA 34.55 10.64 Syn- to late-orogcnic. fault-related ore deposits
". Gebo (Middk) 061 ETll-OO%, A, NIA 35.0& 10.30 A\lu~;al--eluvial placers
189 Gengen (NW). Corealila ETH-00967 A, N/A 34.80 10.64 Al!uvial-chwilll placers
190 Ghidano I ETH-004O? A, NIA 35.32 9.15 BriuJe-duclilc shear-zone relaled "mesothermaf'
gold deposits (gr«nschisl facies)
191 Ghldano :2 ETH-00408 A, NIA 35.21 6.32 Alluvial-eluvial placers
J92 Gide (Upper) ETH-00969 A, N/A 34.67 10.58 AJluviai--cluvial placers
A, E JS.17 7.43 Alluvial-(duvLal placers
'"
194
195
Godare
Goma (ETH)
Goml (Affluent). Goml (Lower)
ETI-I-00412
ETII-00414
ETH-00970
A, N/A
N/A
35.69
35.44
8.85
9.13
Alluviakluvial placers
Allu\'iaJ-eluvial placers
196 Goml (Head Walers). Rom, Guhso ETH.{l()911 '"
A, NIA 3548 9.18 Alluviakiuvial placers
(Nonh)
",
19.
Gon:ta
Go~
ETJ-I-00416
ETH-00417
A,
A,
E
E
34.49
38.81
9.67
5.14
Alluviakiuvial placers
Alluvial eluvial placers
A,
199
200
Gordoma (Au)
G,"
ETH-0041S
ETH-00972 A,
NIA
NIA
3554
35.26
'.96
11.29
Aliuviat--chlVial placers
Alluvial--ciuvial placers '"~
201 Gudubsa ET~I -00425 A, NIA 38.32 5.56 Brutie-duC1ile shear- zone related "mesothennar'
gold deposits (greenschist racies) ,,;r
202 Gunfi (North) ETH-00976 A, NIA 34.97 10.04 Unspecified ore deposit type
203 Gurararda ETH-00427 A, N/A 35.16 6.72 Alluvial-<,Iuvial placers =:..
204 Hafa (Lo .....er) ETH-00979 A, N/A 34.82 9.98 Alluvial-eluvial placers ~

205
206
tiara (~,hddle:. Upper)
Haramsam (Moyak property)
ETH-00980
ETH-00434
A,
A,
NIA
E
34.70
39.21
'96
3.60
Syn- \0 lale-orogenic:. rault-relatcd a re: deposits
Briule-ductile: shear·zone: related "mesothennal"
gold delKlsits (greenschIst facies)
..§
20'
20'
Haro Obl1i
Haru Abili
ETH-00435
ETH.... ,. '"
A,
E
E
38.79
38.79
5.61
5.6 1
Alluvial-eluvial placers
Alluvial-c:luvial placers
"S,•
0

209 Harudida ETH-00842 A, E 38.83 6.13 Alluvial-c:1uvial placers •

210 Hasamlc (Moyale property) ETH--00437 A, NIA 39.21 '.60 Bnule-ductile shear-zone related "mcsothennal" Ii'
gold deposits (greenschist facies) ~
211 tlauzien ETH-00438 A, NIA 39.31 14.05 Alluvial-dllVial placers
212
2/3
Ha ya Dima
Hiddi Dimma
ETH--00439
ETH.Q0440
A,
A,
A,
N/A
N/A
38.81
38.80
5.53
5.66
10,11
AUuvial-eluvial plao:rs
Alluvial-eluvial placers
Alluvial-eluvial placers
'§'"
~
214 Hoha (Upper) ETIi-00981 N/A 34.54 ~

215 Horia. Kersa. Huda Elli-00982 A, N/A 35.78 9.37 Alluvial-c:luvial placers ~

216
217
Idab
JCjeba fLower)
ETH-00983
ETH-0098-$
A,
A,
N/A
NIA
35.29
35.75
10.46
9.85
Alluvial-cluvial placers
Alluvial-ciuvial placers ~
218 Jibota ETH--00450 A, E 38.70 5.83 Alluvial-eluvial placers "
21'
2..'0
Jllo
Kandibab (Akobo basm)
ETH-00451
ETH-00840
A,
A,
NIA
NIA
34.05
35.03
1.68
6.43
Alluvial-clu ... ial placers
Alluvial-eluvial placers
"'
~
;:;
221 Kankurc. KUJur. Ikdesat ETH-00986 A, E 35.4 1 9.58 Alluvial-eluvial placers
m ',po ETH-00845 A,
A,
E 38.85 5.8 1
6,47
AlIuvilll-c:lu\'lal placers
AlIu\'ial-c:luvill.l placers
223 Kari (Akobo basm) ETH-004S8 E 35.oJ
224 Karsa (Au) ETII--00460 A, N/A 35.50 8,83 Alluvial-cluvial placers
225 Keltcha ETII..()()468 A' E 38.84 5.90 Alluvial-c:luvial placers
22. Kelcy South ETII-00990 A" N/A 35.59 9. 10 Alluvi:II-eluvilll placers
227 Kenucha (Au) ETlI-00795 A, NIA ]904 5.55 Syn· to late·orogcnlc, fault-rdated ore depoSits
Keri, Degcro Valley, Oegcro-Ken June- ETH-00991 A' E 35.55 9.62 Alluvilll-c:lu\;al plaa:rs
'"
229
tlon
Kesela ETII..()()994 A, N/A ]5.20 9.83 Alluvilll-ciuvial placers
230 Klblsh ETII-00415 A, N/A 35.49 5.71 Alluviol-elu\'ial placers
~
~
Table 4 IrootllnUC'll) Ii
,>
'\;0, DepoSII name 10 CommOOIl), Clau longitude: Lamude Ore dcPOSltlypcs (Gllolo!)J
,. NJA
'"
231
KllaJ

K""'n
ETII.()()SJI

ETH.oo® A. N"
36.36

~5.65
10.62

9.2..1
Onllie ductile shear·rone rd:ued ulne:!>Olhcmlal"
golt.! dcPOSIlS (grccn~hlsl faeies\
8 rillle-duel1le shear·zolll: related ··m~lhennar·
gold dePOSitS (gn:c:nschisl fac1cs)
m KOfia·Metu ETlI.()0997 A. NIA 3S.66 98 1 Sya- 10 late-orogenic. fault-relaud ore dep05ns
2J.I Kumudu ETJI-00485 A. N/A _\S,9() 5.70 Syn· 10 late-orogcnic. fauh-l'C'lated on: dcposllS.
!LIluvial-eluvial placers
135 Kurmul ETH-OOI90 A. NIA 3..1.43 10.56 Briule duetile .shC".lr-zone rehlled "mcsolhermal"
,,. Kute:n ETH..()O..I91 A. N/A 3S.68 10.70
gold deposits (gn:t'nK'hlst facies)
Alluvial-eluvi:tl placers

n. ..'f"
Lap Bagudu A. E
'" LapGbesbe
ETH-008"
ETH ......, A. NlA
36.25
38.73
8.85
S.75
Syn- to late-orogenic, fault·related ore deposits
Allu\'ial-eJu\'ial plac:crs
".,., lalolellc
ur~Gqcmil
ETH'()()5().:I
ETH.()()5Q7
A.
A.
NIA
E
3S.42
38.30
S.89
'.56
Alluvial-ciuvial placcr$
Alluvial-c\ll\'ial placers
,
~-* 1 Up Sasuda ETH-00510 A. NIA 35,5 1 89' Al1uviaJ-clu ... ial placen.
•
~42 Lq.a DmUl I ETH-OOSI4 A. NIA 38,86 5.76 Brittle ductile shear-zone related "mcsothennal"
gold deposits (greenschist facies) -
~

243
'44
Lega Dlma ~
Lega Gcshe 2
ETH-0051S
ETH-OOSI6
A.
A.
E
E
38.80
38.69
5.76
5.83
Al1u\'Ial-cluvial placers
Al1u\'ial---elu\'ial placers [
245 Lep Gef;he I ETH-OOSI7
•• NJA 38.80 '.1<1 Briule----ductile shear-zone related '·mcsolhermar· ~
,... Lq,a Gom ETH-OOSI8 Ao N/A 38.85 5.77
gold dcposits (gn:cmchisl facies)
Brittle dunlle shear-I.one rel:ued "mesothermal"
,
So
gold deposits (greenKhlst raCles) a•
247 L.o~er
Bore ETU-00521 A. D 38,85 5.53 Allu\·uil-eluvlal plal'CfS
,
S'
".
2~9
LoW~fBUlJiJI (BUI'JIJI baSin)
MalUh"fl. Mt'l.:rlen Creek
ETI-I-00522
ETH-00999
A.
A.
E
N"
]8.83
)411
5.16
10.11
Alluvial-elu\"ial placers
Orilllo-dllC1ile shear-rone related ··mt$Olhel11lal"
~

A. N/A ]8.85
gold deposit~ (greenschist facll:s)
Brittle----dUC'lik: shear·zone related ··mesothermar· '"
§.
S
""
251
Maleka·Aba ba

ManghlC: area
ETH-005!S

ETH-00200 A. N" 37.30

5.93

12.22
gold deposits Igreenschlst fl1CleSJ
Allu\'ud-clu\'ial placers
~
~

A.
-~
152 Mekarussa ETlI-oos·n E 38,82 6.09 Alluyial-eluvial placers
153 Mella ETlI-OOS37 A. N" ]8.84 6.0] All uvlal-eluvial placers
".
lSS
Menge (Upper. Middle)
Mereto (Area)
ETH-Ol003
ETH-OOI9-I
A.
A.
NIA
NIA ''''
39.33
10.37
14.12
Alluvial-cluvial placers
Syn- 10 late-orogenic. rault-related ore deposits
'.
""
'56 Mt11J ETH-OOS44 A. NIA 35,47 8.85 UnSpecified ore dePOSI\ type ~

257 Mountain Fasio ETH-005S1 A. N" 35.40 10.12 Brittle-ductile shcar-zolll: related "mesothermar'
gold depositS (gn:c:nsch15t raeies)
258 f"eger. Niger (Lowt'r) ETI-I-O I0 13 A. NIA ]5.79 10.08 Syn- to late-orogenlC. faull·related ore deposl\s
259 Niraq~ ETH-OOS35 A. NIA 39,00 13.07 Syn- to late-orogenic. raull-related ore deposits
160 North MI·Essa ETH-00827 A. N" 38.80 'JIJ Syn- 10 Iatc-orogcnie. fault-related Oil: deposits
26' OI,"~ ETH-00572 A. N" 38.77 5. 10 BriuJe-ductilc shear-zone: related "mcsolhennal"
gold deposits (greenschist facies)
26' Ru baci1e (Hafa) ETH-OIOI S A. N" 3..1.55 10.02 AUuyial-eluvial placas
263
"" ETH-00579 A. N" 35.92
'A' Brittle----ductile shear-lOne related ·'mesothemull··

,.. Sai (Midd~) ETH-OI019 A. NJA )5.70 9.51

gold deposits (gn:c:nSChiSt facies)
Alluvial-eluvial placers
'OS Sai (U PJlC'I") ETH-OI020 Ao NJA 35.62 ' .56 A1luvial-eJuvial placers
Sa...-ana ETIi-00585 A. E 38.78 5.78 AlluYlakluvial placers
267 Scl~ (Suer) ETII-OI02! A. ~/A .loUI 10.01 AJJu\'illl-('lu~MI rllltTr~
A.
'" Serdo EHI-00590 D 38.01 5.63 Bnnle-ducu!c shCM-LOnc rel"h.-d "mcsothcrmJr·

".,.
gold dl.'POMt~ (grl.'Cnochbt (acrcs)

'"
17U
Serdoshct
Sh.mka
ETII-~8
ETII-OOS91 A.
E
D
3U5
~R_91
5,63
5,79
AUuI lal-·dul ral placers
AUuI'ial ~Iullal placcrs

".
171 Shar f1.a""~r) ETII-{)IO!J 1'/ . \ lS,)9 )().8.1 AlIulral -clul.al placer~
171 Shar (R'I'I:r lIead31 i!T1I.fJI015 r.,/" .'561 10.67 AlIulial--elul.alplllttrs
173 Shlrgdo rn 1.()()596 A. 1'/" ;>" 9,S8 Brinlc:-duct.lc: 3hc:ar-ZQnc rcl:llcd '·mC:'(IIhcnllllr·
gol,j depcbJt~ tgrlXll..clust f;.!m»)
17J Shugul crll-00597 A. NIA ~J_8S 10.60 AlIull;.!1 'CIUI'I;.1 placers
275 Shungu ETII -{)I017 A. N/A J,U5 10.71 SYI)- to l;.!lt-orogcmc, fauh-rd,ucd ore: ,jCPO~II~
176 S,rba (Upper) ETII-OI019 A. t-o/A 35.3J 9.98 Allullal-dulllIl placers
m Sukok mead Walen). Dun~ ETII-OIOJO A. l'fA J-U! 10,~3 Allul'ial-<-lullal pl,'cel"!; ,
li8 SlrkoJr: (L()\O.cr); Tumc:I-S.rkok Junction, ETII-OI031 A. NIA lJ.77 10.6:! Allul-ial-elul-lal plal"Crs ~
;,'
Tumc:t ~
c

'"
280
Sirkole (Slrkole-Gonza bas.n)
Small Gegema
ETU-00598
ETII-00600
A.
A.
D
E
:W,73
38.01
10.51
5.5~
Allul1;d--clullal placcb
Allullal-<-Iuvial pl..cers ,"
2g1 Suken ETU-OI03J A. NIA 36.16 10.18 AlJuvlal----eluvlal placers "-
281 Teleu: RII-er ETII -00607 A. N/A 37.46 14.1-1 AUullal-elu~lal plaCl:'f'S
183 TerJkcmli ETII-00834 A. NIA 38.11 14.32 Syn- to lale-orogenic, flluh·rclaloo orc depo~.1S ~
284 Tesfa ETH.Q0609 A. E 38,80 5,63 Allu\ial-elullal placers 3
"-
285 T ..clfa and Uluk ETH-{)()613 A. NIA 3444 9.77 Brmle-ductile shear·zone relined ·'mesothermal"
gold deposits (greenschisl facies)
...
~

286
287
T50h_ Gebo (Upper)
Tukur Wuha
ETH-OI039
ETI-I-008J6
A.
A. E
~/A 35.0'1
38.81
10.25
5.77
Syn- 10 late.orol!emc. fault-related ore dCPOS'h
AlIul'ial-<-luvilll pincers i
288
J89
Tulia (,\ U)
Tulu Ghrngh.
ETJ-I-{)()614
ETH-{)()620
A.
A.
E
:-J/A
:t8.7l
35.17
" ..
9.33
S)'o- 10 late-orogenic. faull-related ore deposllS
Bnllie, dUChk shear-tone relaled "me..olhermar·
,~
'>
gold deposilS (grecll,5Ch,SI faclcs) !:f
290 Tumet (Lo""er). O-IS ETH-OI().I3 A. NIA 3-1.81 10.s4 Allu\ial-eluI'IKI placco; •
291 Tumc:1 (Upper), OS8 ETli-OIO+t A. NIA 3-1.8& 10.14 Allu\-,al----elulllli placers ~
292 Turnel (Upper), 065 ETII-OI().I5 A. ~IA 3-175 10.26 Allul·.al-elull:J! plll.-ers '-
>
19~ Tumet. Hohn. Demba 1:.."-010-16 A. NlA 3-1,79 10.09 Alluvlal-<-tunal plaeers ~

'0
NIA
294 U. ETlI-00627 A. 3S,8~ 9,1:! Briule-ducli1e ~hear-lone related "mesolhcmlal"
gold dc:poslls (grecnsch')1 (arres)
~
295 U<ri ETl f-00629 A. NIA .18.76 13.77 BnUlc:--dUCIlIc shear-rone n:1;.lcd "mrsolhcmMr· '-
Ujlffia (Au I ETII-006~J
'" N/A ' ,09
gold dcposils (grecn!oChlsl faclCS)
Allu\ial--elul ial pl<letTS '"
~
;:;
'"
297 Lppt'T Rore
Upper Gora
ETII-00633
ETII -00635
A.
A.
D
E
lIUIi
.\11.80
38.86
5.57
5.7J
Allunal-elu\'lal placers
AlIu\lal--elu\lUlJ pLtcers
'"
299 C~ ETI I-006J8 A. E 3.5.68 902 Bnllle-<iUCli1e shear-zone: related ·'mcsothermal"
sokl depo5lb (grOtnschlM litcicsj
lO() Wabera ETII.00639 A. N/A .'S.U S.S8 Allu~laI dunal phaoel'l
301 Wlln1Jl, ETl I-006-I1 A. NIA .18.83 5" Bnule- duo:;:t.k: shcur·/.QrIC rel .. led "moOlhermar·
gold deposlls (grlXlbChlSl (aclCS)
'01 Wollcbo ETl I..()()6.* 3 A. E 38.81 ~.82 Allullal elu~lal pl..eeT!
101 Wollena ETII-00644 A. E .18,89 ~,611 IJnll!c-ductile shear-rone related '"mc:solherm:ll"
gold drposH5 (grt'\'n'>Chl~1 fIlCI~»)
A. 3~76 10,63 AllUVial ~Iuvud placers
""
.105
W"",brno
Wo",,"\!
ETII-00646
ETII.{lI051 ".
'<1A
NIA 35.25 10,06 AlIuI'inl ~Iulutl plJcn1i
'<!
~
No. Deposit name ID Commoduy Class Longitude LatilUde Ore deposit types (Gimlog)
ETII..006SO 35.60 9.0S BriUle---<lllCll1e shear-zone R'Jated "m~'SOthermal"
gold deposits (greensclust facK'S)
307 Zager. Hargc"lS ETH-00651 Au N/A 38.31 14.54 S)"n- to hue-orogcnle. fault-related ore deposit!.
allu\ lal-<lu\'ial placers
lOS East Salaro ETH-00365 Au. Ag. A s. N/A J8.SS 5.69 8ritlle-ductile shear-zone related "mesothcrmal"
W gold de~11S (green!iChl~t facies)
J09 ETH..oo571 Au. Ag. 81. N/A 3S.33 5.58 Bntlie-ducllie shear'lone R'iated "nlf,:liothermal"
Ph. 5b gold dePOSIts (greenschist facies)
310 Tulu Kapi (Birbir basin) Au. Ag. Cu E 35.65 9.06 Brillie-duclile wear-zone related "mesothermal"'
gold deposits (greenschist facies). allu\'lal-eluvial
placers
Digah ETH·OO)51 Au. Ag. Cu. N/A 3S.80 '.30 8nulc-ductile shear-zone rebted "mesothermal"'
'" Ni. Ph. In.
W
gold depoillS (greensdust facies)

312 MO)1!1e propcny (Chamuk. Haramsam. Au. Ag. In. D • 39.07 3.51 8riule----ductile shear-zone R'lated "mesolhermal"'
tlasamte) Ph gold deposlls (greenschist facies)
3IJ Abumarc (Wesl. East) ETH-00885 ,\u. As. Co. N/A 34.75 10.68 5) n- to late-otogenic. faull-related orc deposits
Cu. Ni. W
)14 .... eJO (Au) ETH-OOS66 Au. Be N/A 35.61 9.47 Pegm;Hilcs
JI5 Tulu Kami.Nejo ETH-00622 Au. Be N/A 35.50 9.70 5)'1\- to hue-orogenic. fault-rdated arc deposits.
allu\ial-c:luvial plattrs
31. Abergcle ETII-OOI9J Au. 8M N/A 38.95 IJ.IO Unspecified on: deposit l)'pe
317 Aoo.. ETH-OOI84 Au. 8M E 3S.05 10.40 Syn- to bte-orogenic. fault-related ore depostl5.
alluvial-c:lu\'ial placers
318 Mefalso. Adi lIag ETH-005JI Au. 8M NJA 38.\1 1470 AlIu\'ia\-clu\illl placers
319 Qda·Goderc ETH.oo569 Au. 8M E 35.11 10.26 Syn- to bte-orogenic. fault-rchued ore deposlu
)20 Sassamte. Uara ETH-OOS84 Au. 8M N/A 39.14 3.59 Alluvial eluvial placers
)21 Wem RI\er ETIi-{)0642 Au. 8M N/A 39.16 13.91 Allu-.ml eluvial placers
ill Agherml3.riam (Au) ETH-00235 Au. Cu N/A 3S.25 S.S5 Ailuvial-eJu\'ial placers
323 Akobo (Au) ETU-00238 Au. Cu D 35.22 6.46 5)"1\' 10 lale-or08ellll;:, fault-related ore deposits.
allu\'iaJ-<lu\'jal placers
324 Born. ETH-00288 Au. Cu N/A 34.47 10.44 Bnttle-duelilc shear-zone R'lau:d "'mesothermal"'
gold deposits (greenschist facit:S)
J25 Kalla-I ETH-009&S Au. Cu N/A )5.55 8nttle--duetik: she:lr-zone related "mesothermal"
gold depoSits (greenschist facies)
326 Samre (Au) ETH·OO582 Au, Cu N/A 39.23 13.09 Syn- to latc-orogenic. fauh-related on: deposits
327 Beshir ETH-00275 Au. Cu. Co. N/A 34.43 10.65 Brinle-ductile shear-zorn:: related "mesothermaJ"
Mo. In gold deposits (greenschist faaes)
328 Chamob ETIi-00311 Au. Cu. Pb NIA 36.80 S... Brillle-ductiJe shear'lone rdated "mesothemlaJ"'
gold deposits (greenschist facies)
329 Ashasrure ETH.oo251 Au., Cu. Pb. N/A 34.43 10.49 8rillle-duclile shear-zone related ··mesotherm.ar·
Z. gold deposilli (greenschist facies)
330 Mffidinfin (Azenge) ETH-00542 Au. Cu. W N/A 34.48 10.60 Brillie-ductile shellr-zone rebtl-d "mesolhermal"'
gold deposilS (gR'cnschist facies)
331 Ebleha ETH-00366 Au. Ni. Cr. N/A 38.76 5.14 8rinle-<l\.lClile shear-zone related "mesothermar'
Co.Cu gold deposits (greenschist faCies)
lJ2 Korlioro ETI-f-QO.l8J Au. Pb. Ag, F 38,88 5.7/ i:l riu le-duelilc: shear-Tone- n'I;Hoo "mesOIhenn<l!"'
W gold deposus h~n:cnsch isl faclCS). al/u"IOII ell/"lal
placer)
JJJ [)emu Dama ETII'()()348 Au. Ph. Zn NIA ]9,00 5,28 8 rink duclile shC'3r-1.one rd;lIed "nlcsolhemmr'
gold deposits (greenschl)1 faelC'»
n-l Olla Amuent ET H..()()946 Au, Phd N/A ]5.41 9,23 Atlu"'I;II--('lu~la] pla~'Cr5
3JS Ku" ETII -00993 Au. Pt N/A ]545 9.39 Ailul i;,1 eluvial placers
336 Krllu (Upper) ETII-00995 Au. PI N/A ]5,69 9.57 AlIuI;a] clu,ial placers
m Omll [klllS.sa ETIi-OOJ46 Au, Zn, CII E ]8,80 5.53 Syn- to Jale--orogenic. falllt-rcl;llt-d ore depo~II~.
allul lal--(']uI ial plileers
338 Au. Ln. Cu NtA ]8.76 5.59 Brin le-du.ctilc shear-zone relalL"d "mesothenna]"'
gold deposits (grL-em;chisl facies)
339 KIIJIffill12 ETH ~S5 Au. Zn. CII 0 ]8.8 1 5.49 Syn- to laic-orogenIC, fault-related ore deposlb
J.IO Gudba Valley ETII..(I(}424 Be NtA 38.89 '.68 Zoned grJ.nltic pegmatite!!
341 Enhcho (BM) ETH.oo373 8M NtA ]9,15 14,48 Unspecified ore deposit typc
34'
343
Tulu Golel
Wolloba-rAllo
ETH-0062 1
ETH..()()64S
Co
Cr
NtA
NiA
35.67
]8.88
9,43
5.73
Unspecified ore depoSll I)'pc
Podifonn chromite deposits
344 Budussa ETH-00292 Cr. 1'.1. Co NIA 38.92 5.26 Residua ll y enrn:hed ore deposits

,...
3" Adalegcdr ET H-002 12 Cu NIA
N/A
]9.99
]5.22
14.43 Unspecified ore deposit type

347
Akobo (CuI
Bada Ramoda
Oa....-.! Valle)
ETH-002J9
ETH-00258
ETJ-I-OOJ36
Cu
Cu
Cu
N/A
NIA
-'0,10
38.82
'"
14.42
5,42
Un specified ore deposit t) pc
Unspecified ore deposit I ~pe
Ore deposi ts related 10 basic ultmbasic magmatic
'"
34' Enocho (Cu) ETJ-I -00374 Cu NIA 38.96 14.14
rocks
Cu skams
}5. ETH-X-3S ETH-00378 Cu N/A 39.64 13.97 Unspecified ore depositt}pc.'
3S1 Fawly (Cui ETH..oo380 Cu N/A 39.76 14.35 Cu skarns
352 Ganale Valley ETH'()()394 Cu NIA 39.11 5,85 Ore dcposits rela ted to basie-ullmoosic IIlitgmillic

m Hlmah ETI-I..Q044 1 Cu NtA ...... 14.43

rocks
Unspecified ore deposit type
",,.
m.
Ja)a Valle) (Cu)
Mllica I-Ioma
ETJ-I-Q0.t48
ETH-OOS24
Cu
Cu
N/A
N/A
41.17
38.76
9.20
5.32
Unspecified ore deposit type
UnSpecified ore deposit t)'JlC
T$lIhet RI~er ETII-006 I I Cu N/A 38.94 1].8 1 Unspecified ore deposit t}·PC
m T5I:habc Emboa ETH.()()779 C, D 38.2 1 14.20 Unspecified ore deposi t tYJ>C
358 TlOh (SW) ETH.()/036 Cu N/A .15.05 10.23 Syn· to late--orogcnic. fauft-related ore dCJlO.'>ll\
'SO Tsoh ( West). 069, 076 ETtl-OIOJ7 Cu NtA 35.06 10,28 Syn- to hut-orogenic. fault-relltted ore deposl1~
360 Adi Da iro- lndaJlilo r ETH-00218 Cu. Au NIA 37.95 14,05 Syn- 10 late-orogc nlC. fsult-n:lataJ on: depo~lt).
allul' ial--('lul' ia l placcl"$
361 Chen:hc:r ETII.0082S Cu, Co N/A 41,08 Itss Red Bed hosted copper de-poSlt5
36'
363
364
GllIttti Valle) tCu. NI, Co)
Kiln", Vallc)' (Cu. Nt. Co)
Azak AI.-mdayu
ETH-00390
ETII -00481
ETJ-I'()()2SS
Cu,
Cu,
Cu.
Ni, Co
Ni, Co
!lb, ln,
J)
0
N/A
.....
40,92

3417
9.07
'.06
10.42
Red !Jed hosted copper deposits
Red Bed hosted copper deposits
1\ lIu"illl~luvill l placcn
A,
36' Alllgab Mt'Sha ETII-00247 Cu. Zn NtA 31129 1441 Unspecified ore deposit type
3M Tschllfi Senar ETH-006 12 Cu. L.n NtA 38.47 /1,73 Ore deposiu n:l.tted to b.uie ullmbasle mJgnlauc
roch
167 ETIi-0086S Cu, Zn. Au N/A 38.42 DepoSits of \lolcanogenlC massh,t ~nd disso:mmatcd
Cu A u sulph,des
J68 R.~ ETII -00864 Cu, Zn. Au N/A ]8.84 14.40 DeposllS of\lolcanogcmc massi'e lind dissemmated
eu A u sulphides
Table 4 (fOIfunu.:J) '0
;!(
•• Deposit name 10 Commodity Cb~ Longllulk 1II1ilude Ore depo!>it typc$ (Gaology)
369 Kalla. Tulu (buche, Adare ETH.()0987 Cu, Zn, Fe, E 3S.56 9.49 GO!''Ioiln-relatcd deposit>.. \olcunogt:nic. \okano-
Au, AS sedimental) and scdUllentlll)'<lIhlllau\'C' 01"1:" dc-
POSllS
Abbay Rin'r Basin, 314 ETII-008TI r, 3546 9,05 dc~il
""
371
312
Adua eFe)
A.m
ETH-00217
£1'11-00237
r,
F,
N/A
NiA
N/A
38.79
3S.36
14.14
9.07
Unspecified ore
G~n-rel.ted deposits
Unspecified ore dePO~ll typC"
type

37J Ayta iArea} EHI-00902 F, NolA 35,42 9.11 laterite-relaled ore deposits
J" Bila ETU-00914 F, NiA 35.63 9,37 Banded iron formations IBIF "Superior I-'e")
m Bi~lduno (Fc) ETH-00281 F, NlA 42.19 9,19 Unspecified ore deposit type
37. OUlgo ETH-OOlO8 F, E 35.47 9.13 ~immtary Fe and Mn deposits
..,
J71 Chilachlkin ETH.()(I319 F, NIA 3UI 13.87 Gossan·related deposiu
J78 Dlmma (Fe) ETH-0035S F, N!A 3S.58 8.95 Gossan-related deposils

,'"
l1'l En tKllIo (Fe) ETH-00372 F, NlA 39,12 14.23 Gos.;an-related d~posJIS il-
ETII -00315 F. N!A ]8,71 8.97 Unspecified ore deposit type ~
""
_~81
382
£nloto
Galelli Valle) (Fe)
Gamba
ETJI-00391
ETH-00393
F,
F,
N /A
NlA
4114
35.5 1 •.'"
9.01 Unspecirlt'd are deposit type
Gossan-reilltcd deposil$ •
~

F, ]7.17 laterite-related ore deposits

38] Gato (Mai Gudal ETH ...... E 7.41
a-•
...•..
J8.I GhimU'll basm ETH-00<09 F, N/A 36.01 7.02 UnspeciHed ore deposit type
J" Gordana ETH-00831 F, E 3S.42 9.10 Sedimentary Fe and Mn depositS
J86 Gotdom:. (Fe) ETH-OO-II9 F, E 35.54 8.77 Unspecified ore de~it type
381
J88
G.b<
KentlCh. eFc)
ETtl-OO-(2)
FTH..()C)469
F,
F,
NIA
N/A
]1.27
39.18
1.59
5.19
Unspecified ore dcposlt type
Ore dC'posits rc:lated to basic- ultrabasic magm:nie
,
~
B
F,
rocks •
J89 Koree ETI-I-008]8
F,
E 35.42 8."
8.9..\
SI..'dimentary Fe and Mn dl.'~lts
~
J90 N/A 40.94 UnsptCifiod ore dePOSLt type
391
392
KunOi
Kurkure
Like
ETll-004S6
ETH......
ETII-OOS I9
F,
F,
N/A
N/A
31,28
JUg
7.38
7.49
Unspecirtcd ore deposil type
Un:.pecified ore deposit type
'"
\('
~
393 Shall'-.o ETH..()0591 F, N!A 38.6] 5.22 Orc deposit§ related to basic ullrnbaslC magmatic
rocks
a
~
~

J94 Sirba (Korkandi) ETH-OI02S r. N/A 35.36 10,09 Atypical or unspecified ore deposits associated with

39S
J96
Soh (Fe)
Tsoh.072
ETH-0060]
ETH-0 10]8
F,
F.
N/A
NlA
41.48
]Hl6
9.14
10.28
acid lind alkaline plUlOntc rocks
Unspecified on: deposit type
Atypical or unsptocifio:d ore deposilS associaled with
-~'"
~
acid and alkahne plutonic rocks '-
397 Ujau ETH-00630 F, N/A 41.42 9.25 Unspecified art" deposlI type ;;;
398 Wdlcga ETH-00038 F, 0 35.31 8.71 Banded iron ronnations (BI F "Superior Fe")
39' Wondeytl ETH-OIOSO F, NlA 35.41 10.20 Alypit......1or unspecified ore dC'posits associated with
acid and alkaline plutonic rocks
400 WOf11kaJu ETH.00647 F. N/A ]5.53 9.01 Gossan-rclated <kposils

""
""
Yubdo Nonh
Wankcy (Area). Wabcra-Kiltu
ETH-00853
ET II -O I048
F,
Fl.'. eu
E
NlA
]5.40
]5.11 ....
'.90 Bandtd iron formatiOns (BIF "Superior Fc",
Vokanogcnie. \'oJcano-sedimcnlary and sahmen-
lary-t~halall\"e ore deposits
40J Mella ArOO ETH-00538 Fc. n. Phos 0 39.61 6.26 Ore deposits hosted by basic intrusions
ETH-002 17 M. N/A 38.82 14.43 Uru.pccificd ore deposit type
""
"ll
406
Ad. C1ligono
Enkafala
Adl Berbere
ETH-00816
ETII-00216
M.
Mn. Fe
E
N/A
40.14
]8.5S
14.13
14.:Hi
ScdimentJlI) manganese <kposits
Gossan-related deposits

...
." Agere Maryam (Mol
Falr.usbo
ETI-I-0079]
ETH-00960
M.
M.
N/A
N!A
38.11
]5.09
557
10.09
Zoned grannie pcgmames
GrnnilOid controlled ore deposits
",.
4/0
Tulu-Nasi (S W)
Ubc (Wubc)
ETII -O/().Il
ETII..(II().I7
Mo
Mo
NfA
NfA
35.59
J.l.69
970
10.59
Pc~milhle>;
SY"- 10 Illle-uro8cmc. fauh-n:I:Hcd orc depoltn ~
411 Clullu ETII-0032(l Mo. Au N/A .15.50 9.51t Zoned gl'llmllC pegnlHlllc~
412 Bl$Sldimo ValJe} (Mol ETH·OO28-1 Mo. Be N/A -I2 ,().I 9.55 Zoned I!-ramuc pcgmall1es
Meld,;a (Nb-Tal
'"
." lIarar
Mal'}'~m
ETII·OO839
ETU-00036
Nb. Ta
Nb. Th. t
NfA
N/A
38.81
41.0 1
6.03
9.)5
Zoned grnmLi, pcgmall11:S
Pcgmallle5

'"
41 '
Agc'rc.'

818 Dubicha
(Ni) ETlI -00791

ETII-00278
Ni

Ni
NfA

~/A
38.10

39.03
""
5.90
Ore dep05l1s reluled to bd~ic Ultr:lOO"K magmatl~
roclo;s
Orc depoSIts retated 10 basic ultmbaMc m:lglllall~'
rocks
ETH-OO-J64 N, 5.29
'"
418
K.atall<lCha

Ni
NIA 38.98 Orc deposits related to baSIC ultmbaslc mJgm:lII.
rocks
Small Dubicha ETI-I..ooS99 NfA 39.05 5.87 Ore deposlIs related 10 ba)IC ultnlbaSIC mdgmil.lic
roch ">'
'1' BurJIJI (UJima) ETH..()0299 Ni,Co NtA 38.84 5.25 On: deposits relau:d 10 basic--ullrnbasic magmatic ~

42" Fuhtnto ETH-00385 Ni. Co N/A 39.00 '.00

rocks. residually cnriched orc deposits
Orc dc:posl1.s relatcd to baSIC u[(Tabaslc mllgmalic
,
¢,

rocks ~
421 Lolotu ETH·OO520 Ni,Co E 39.05 5.62 Ore: deposllS related to b.1Sic ulirabaSlc
rocks
magmatiC ,~

"
-\22 Dubleha ~hka ETH-00361 Ni. Co. Cr 0 39.02 5.61 Ore deposi15 related 10 ba)lc-ultrabasie
rocks
magmatic
..,~
413 Small Tulu Dimtu ETH-01032 Ni. Co. Cr. NfA 35.70 9.37 Latcrite-related ore: dCPOSl1S

-11-1 Tulu D\mtu ETII-OIOJI

C.
NI. CO, Cr. N/A 35.75 9.46 Latentc:-relatcd ore deposits
'"
~.
Po ~
415 Samre (Ni) ETI-l·OO583 Ni. Co. Cu E 39.11 1308 Ore deposits related to basic- ultrdbasic m~gmlltic ~
'oc"' uhr.Jb;l~ic m;Jgmatic
'5'
~
-126 NaDIa ETH-OIOll Ni.Cr N/A 34.53 10.63 Ore dt:pOSltS related to baSIC
rocks
Pb NfA
-'"
~
427 AlTtalu ETH-001J() 41.73 9.82 Carbonate·hosted base·metal dcpo;;lIS ~

428 Gam Ua ETH·OO396 Pb NIA 41.87 9.87 Carbollllle·h~tcd base·met:'!] deposits

429 IJabuna ETII-O()4-I6 Pb.Cu NfA -1148 ,." Carbonaae-hostc:d boise-metal deposits

""
"I
Soh (Pb. CuI
Sodd.
ETH-0060S
ETH-00601
Pb. Cu
Phd, Au
NfA
0
41.33
35.49
9.26
9.08
Carbonate-hosted ba.>C·metal deposit.'>
Laterite-relau;d ore depoSIt.'>. IIllu\Ull elu\JdI ''.""
432 Abbay RI\er Ba5m,]13 ETH·00876 I" NfA ]S.59 9.07
placers
UnspecirlCd ore dCPO~1I I)'re ~
""
-13] NfA 3~.35 Allu\'ial--clu~lal phlccl'S

"..
Dill. 196
Agerc Mal')'lIm (Ta)
E11 1-00949
ETI·J-00792 '"
T. NfA ~H.06
919
S.55 Zoned gran1l1c pcl!mal1l~

.,.
'" Kllkilc
Gule (Small)
ETII-00471
ETH..()()975
T. N/A
NfA
~9 06
'''' Zoned gmmllc pcgmnllt"
Unspecified ore dcpoilb relaled 10 \olcanlC ~)'~tem\

431 Bcd~ Tc8l' 1:..H-00268

Til. Nb

Ti NfA
""
38.99
10.54

5.79
Ilnd shllllow Intru~lons
Allu\'illlt:luvi;11 placers
." Zc:mbaba Woha ETI1-00661 T,
n,
NfA J9.28 !i.8~ AUu\:ial-clm ilil placcrs
Ore depoSib III llayered rlllg eomplc~es lUnd Imd
'" Gumbela·Dcmbldolio ETI 1-0085 I Fe NIA 34.80

H.OS
8_53

885
AI:ts~an sub-t)~)

'"
"I
Glmbl-DlllaU area

Sacco RI\t:r
Elll-003S2

ETH-OOS78
Ti. Fe. V.
Ph~
TI. V.W
E

NfA 34.57 8.]5

AnorthOSltc-hosted ilmenite
dep05:ih
Allu\'lal-clu\'I:t1 placers
31ld hemllhte Ilmemte

,.
~
~
Tabk 4 (rontfllwd)
!li
No Ikposlt name 10 Commodity aa" Longitude Latitude Ore' deposit types (Gllology)

44' Aflat!! (Tillm) ETII-002J2 Tillm, TiRt. N/A 38.59 5.47 Allu\lal-eluvi!!1 platen
Zs

.,
443
444
Aghere Mariam (TiRt)
81f:heru
Tulu Boh
ETH-0002J
ETH-00271
ETH-OI04Q
TIRt
W
Zo, Fe
N/A
NlA
N/A
38.M
34.33
35.59
5.15
'.29
9.51
Unspecified Ore' deposit type
Unspecified ore depositlype
Unspel:ified volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary·

....
441
Manam Adi Desla
Aboudo
ETH-00528
ETH-00882
Zn.Pb
Zn, Pb. Cu.
N/A
N/A
39A9
34."
13.98
10.74
exhalative deposits
Carbonate·hosted base·metal deposits
Syn· to late-orogenlC. rault·related Oil: deposits
Ao

...41'
Roda alld Itlloomru nlvreraU. I'm'rg)"
Adua (Ami)
.... om
ETH-01062
ETH-OI061
Am.
Am.
N/A
N/A
38.90
38.72
14.17
14.13
Unspecified orc deposit Iype
UnSpecified ore depoSit type ..'"
'SO Encb Gamers ETH-00371 A,b N/A 39.56 14.23 Asbestos. talc or magnesite deposits hosted by
basic and ultrabasic rocks ,•'"
Fa .... l) (Asb) ETH-00379 A,b N/A 41.01 13.83 Asbestos. tak or magneslle deposits hosted by •-
'" basic and ultrabasic rocks

'"
4Sl
Haddessa Mulug·Bitana

MIU'W3.
ETH-00430

ETH-00529
A,b

A,b
N/A

N/A
3956

".68
'23
14.08
Asbestos. laic or magnesite deposIts hosted by
basic and ultrabasic rocks
Asbestos. talc or IIUIgnesile ~i15 hosted by
[
basic and uJtmbasic rod.:s "-
~
,
Moglal ETH-OOS45 A>b NlA 39.92 14.00 Asbestos. talc or magnesite deposits hosted by
'" Subaha ETU-00606 Mb N/A 39.69 14.36
basic and ultrnbasic rocks
Asbestos. talc or magnesite deposits hosted by
"
!
'" basic and ultrabasic r()(:b
~
". Yubdo (Asb)

Zanga (Asb)
ETH·00653

ETH..()()658
A,b

A,b
N/A

N/A
35.66

40.35
8.86

14.30
Asbesws. talc or magnesite deposl\s hosted by
basic and ultrabasic rocks
Asbestos. Illk or magnesite deposits hosted by
,,~
'51
basic and uhrabasic rocks
Adare (South) ETI I-008S6 Bn N/A 35.57 9.49 Volcanogenic. volcano-sedimentary and :.
'" sedimentar)"-exhal8.th-e ore dqlOSits
~

§'"
'"
""
Belesa.075
Addis Ababa I
ETII·OO908
ETH-00213
Bn
ayC
N/A
NlA
35.14
38.75
10.27
9.02
Syn· to lale-orogenic. fault·rtlated Ort deposits
Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits -
~

461
4.2
BoI,
Dcbrt Zeu. Able. and Kalili
ETH-00287
ETH·00341
a,c
a,c
NiA
NIA
38.61
38.9S
'.30
8.72
Supergene mdustrial r()(:k and mineral deposits
Supergene industrial rock lind minerai deposits "'"
463
464
D,,,,"o
Dilla (ClyC)
ETH-00342
ETH-00950
a,c
a,c
NIA
NIA
36.69
35.SS
7.17
9.45
Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits
$cdimenHelated industrial rocks and minerals
'"
46' GUle $eddo (Oye) ETH-00428 a,c N/A 35.20 8.87 Supergene indusuilll rock and mineral deposits
466 KOtcha ETH ...... aye NIA 38.37 '.SO Residually enriched ore deposits
461 Maji ETH-OOS21 CI,c N/A 35.10 '.54 Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposil$
468 Mojo (O)q ETH..ooS46 aye NlA 39.08 8.67 Supergene industrial rock and mineral dqlOSil$
469
"''''~ ETH-00587 aye N/A 38.66 8.8] Supergene industrial T()(:Ie and mineral deposil$
470 500<'0 ETH-00602 aye NIA 3959 8.10 Supergene industrial r()(:k and mineral deposil$
471 SuluJl3 ETH-OI035 aye N/A 38.76 9.23 Supergene ioduSlrial r()(:k and minera l deposits
472 Zega. Wood (Oye) ET H..0Q659 ayC N/A 38.21 9.88 Supergene induslrial rock and mineral deposits
413 Kebrt Mengist (ayC) ETH""""" oye. Sile, N/A 38.88 5.75 Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits
Mica, Gr
414 Chelga (Oy R) ETH-00315 a,R N/A 37.72 12.30 Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits
 NfA 38.55 8.51 Supergene IOdustnal rock :and minerai deposJl$
Kob ETH -00481 a"
".'"
477
An~obc:r
AIjo (Hum)
Enf-002~
ETH-00898
ETII-00899
Cool
Cool
Cool
N/A
NIA
N/A
3967
36.47
3660
9.59
8.93
8.88
Lignite depos.lts
LignIte dePOSIiS
LlgrUlC' dePOSIlS
""
'"'SO
AIJO (KoblJ)
AI)O l$embo·Nebo, Alellu)
C1u",""
ETH·OO9OO
ETlI-OOJ12
Cool
Coal
NfA
NfA
36.47
35.35
U9
9.72
Lllmle dePOSits
Llgnll!: dePOSIts
481 Chdp (Coal) ETH-OOJI6 Coal D )1 10 12.52 LigMc deposIts

..,,.
NIA )7.8) 7.20 LignllC' dc:poslls
48' Cluda (Erll ) Enl-OOJI8 Cool
LignllC' deposits
,
48J Ochre 8.rhan (Abo-Gcdaml
Debrc libanO$, Coal (GurR. Gonln R )
ETII.()()941
ETH.(X)9..l)
ETIi-0014S
Cool
Cool
Cool
NlA
r-;IA
0
39.SI
38.82
36.87
'"
9.73
1.37
Llgnlle dePOSits
Lignite: depositS
'"
487
0.1"

""""
Fep Macklo
ETH-OOJSO
ETH-OOJ81
Coal
Cool
NIA
NIA
39.62
38.76
II.SO
9.81
Lignltc dePOSItS
Ligmtc deposlls
'~"
Gonfo ETH-004IS Coal NIA 39.50 11.31 Llpute depoSits
""'4"" l-Iunda-Blc$ama
J,=
ETH-0044S
ETH-004S2
Cool
Coal
NIA
NIA
42.20
36.87
9.52
7.70
Lignite deposits
Llgtlllc: deposns
,,~
Kebre Mmpsl (Coal) ETH..()0467 ea.1 NIA 38.84 '.90 Liill1te deposiu
'"
492 LaJo.s.po ETIi-OOS05 Cool
ea.1
'NIA
NIA
36.78
35.09
7.47
9.72
Ligfllle deposlls
Ligll1te deposlU
~

~
") Mencii (Gerba) ETH-OlOOI
."
.., Mendl (Keni) ETIl-OlOO2 Cool NlA lU8 9.81 Lipllte dcposlu

...
497
M"~
MoJO (Coal)
MOJo-Anchano
ETH-00543
ETH-00547
ETI'I-OOS48
Cool
Cool
Cool
NIA
NIA
NIA
36.85
39.03
36.90
142
8.73
7.32
9.04
Lignite deposllS
Lignite deposits
Lignite deposits
Llgll1te deposits
~
...
~
,
498 Mountain Tanltara ETH-OOS53 Cool NIA 36.52 3'
Mo~ ETH-00555 Cool D 36.82 7.35 Llgnue deposits •
'"
SOl)
SOl
Mughcr (Alkttu)
Mughcr (L...cp J~e. l...ep Bole. Borall)
ETH-OIOO6
ETH-OlOO8
ea.1
Cool
NIA
N/A
38.63
38.62
947
9.42
lignite deposits
Lignite deposllS
\l'
;;.
Mush Valley ETH-00559 Cool E 39.67 9.75 LigJllle deposits !(>

,,
S02
NeJo (Kel'$l;, Chancho, Fincho. Bola, ETH-OIOl4 Cool NfA 35.39 9.51 Llp'"le deposits j
SO)
SO< NeJo (Koya. Gute Sedo) ETH-OI015 Cool NIA 35.46 9.49 LigMe deposits
~
SO, NeJo (MllChd:ell1, Salda. JeJeba) ETH-OI016 ea.1 E ]5.35 9.52 Lignite deposits ~

S06 Sayoma ETH-00586 Cool NIA ]6.8] 7.32 Llgnuc deposits ;;

S07 Scbni ETH-00588 Cool NIA ]8.69 9.63 Ligllllc deposits ~
ETU-OI021 Cool NIA 38.54 9.57 LIV"le dcpos1U
50S $eke- Lcncha '.
S09 W.b ETH""'" Cool NIA 37 J3 708 Lignlle <kposllS
'"
SI' Wuchale
Zcp Wadel (COllI)
ETH-OI052 Cool
Cool
E
NIA
]9.58
18.13
11.50
9.89
Lignlle deposm
Ltgll11C deposits
~
~
~

'"
SI2
SIl
Galelll
Ably",l. (DIm)
ETH """'"
ETH-00389
ETH-00822
001
D'm
D
NIA
40.79
]8.57
8.58
764
Scdllnent-n::lated Induslnal rocks and mlO(,11I15
Volcanic-hosted mdu~trllil rock ",nd mln('ral
depoSit'
42.00 8.86 Ind ustrial rocks and mmerals rdaled 10 plUlonl<:
'14 Babde-Bombasa l.,.U -00257 F('ld 0
rocks
ETII-OOS65 Fdd NlA 39. :n 5.20 Industrial rocks and mlilen.ls n::laled to plutonll.:
SIS N<sh<k
rock!

'16
SI7
Rochelle

FUll1amblra
ETII -00577

ETII-00386
Feld. Gr.
001
Fe\d. SIIc
"'A

NIA
40.72

4HZ
1\.41

9. 18
'''' ..
Induslnal rocks and mUleralJ related to plutonK:

Industrllli rocks and mincl'l\l~ relat ed to plUlO111C

,~

Gp E ]952 IH5 Salts and gypsum dCp05lb

Adtgudom ETH-00810
'l!
'"
Table 4 (toII'",1ll'dI
No. Deposit ""me '0 COmlnO(hl), ClaM Lo"jpludc lIItitudc Ore deposit types (Guolog)'1

51' Adlsgt:'
BlUe' ~ile Gorge. 2.."'9
ETIi-00881 G,
Gp
N/A lS.n 9.85
10.OJ
SailS lind gYflSum deposlh

''''
5~1 DalOoale
ETII-00917
ETU'()()337 Gp
NlA
N/A
38.23
41 n 10.7]
Salts and gypsum dcpo>.ib
El'aporlte-rel<!ted mdustrial rocks and mmemls
522 Hagere St-Iam ETH.QOSI8 G, N/A 39.17 1.1.63 Salls and gypsum depo5ilS
52J Mu!bet" (JIm,,) ETII-OIOO7 G, N/A 38.59 9.45 Salls lind !)'psum depoo;lI.J
52-1 Samanuir ETH-005S1 U, N/A 4·t H 6.56 El'aporite-relatcd mdu5tna! rocks and mmC:l":I.l~
525 Yegor ETH-OlO53 G, 0 38.~ 9.91 Salts and ~um deposus
526 Adadikoto ETU-002II G, N/A 39.10 5.35 Industrial rocks and mllll'rais related to
met:lmorphic rocks
527 81~dllnu Valkoy (Or) ETI-l.()():283 G, N/A -1203 9.11 Industnal rocks and minerab related 10

,,. JaJa Valle) (Gr) ETII-{l().M9 G, N/A -1\ 15 9.05

IDelamorphil.: rocks
Industrial rocks and mmerals mated 10
..'~"
melamorphk rocb
Kunru Vali.:) (Gr. Dol) ETH.{)().I88 N/A 44).79 8.74 Industrial rocks and minerals related to
''''
,,.
Gr. Dol
metamorphic rocks ••
Raffib- \'alk)' ETH-00576 Gr. Dol N/A 40.91 8.18 Industrial rocks and mmerab related to ~

metamorphIC rocls :;.

53' Sob (Gr. Dol) ETH.Q0604 Gr. Dol NJA 41.31 9.17 Industrial rod.s and minerals related to

5J~ MclI::ka (Gran) CTH-OIOS6 Onn NfA 38.82 6.05

metamorphic rocks
Indw,trial rocks and minernls relaled 10
t
plutonic rocks "-
S;
53:\ Lu.ke Aba)"a IGTH) ETI-I.{)().I'n GTI-I N/A 38.11 6.70 Geolhermal ene'lO (8cothermaI5r~lem) ;;;.
".. Corhctti ETH.oo315 0Tt1. Au NIA 38.39 7.2) Volcantc-dome related 101Oo-sulphldlllion epuhermal
deposiu
~
,
g>
m
".
Gakm>a
A.",
I:.'-H.(J().ID4
ETII-00901
onl. Au
Kln
NtA
NIJ\
J9.18
38.13 .'"
1175
GC:Olhennal ~) (geothermal system)
Residually t:1lnehl'(\ ore depoSll~
Supergene inll~trial rocl and mlllc:r,,! deposits
~

~,•
ETII-00801 E
'"'" BomOOlOoha K'n 38.75 6.15

,..'">I,
Deb~T"bor ETII-1J094.t K', N/A 38.01 11.83 Reslduul1y enri(:hed O~ deposits
•
ETH·(l()978 N/A 37.59 1 L76 Sedlment·related industrial rocks and mlnerab
-~
~
Gypsite-Mariam K'n ~

Kerl<r ETH-00992 Kin N/A 37.42 12.71 Supergene mdu,trial rock and mineral deposits ,~

KQmbeJ..:ha ETII-00803 K', E 4115 9.-18 SupergeDe mdustrilll rock and mineral depo5its
>I, Abba)' RI\er Basin. 257 ETlI.(I()871 ,-"C NIA 37.80 '.98 Sediment-related industrial rocks and mmeral~
,~

,....
.....
>I' Guder. lS5 ETJI.(I()973 ,-"C NfA J7.7S 8.97 Stdimen\-relll\ed industrinl rocks lind minemls

,..,
,..
J== ETlf.00985 U,C N/A lU3 9.91 SC(hment-relaR-d Industrinl rocks lind minerals
"
~

>I,
Wen.::hll
Shinjle
Cheha
ETII.()I().49
ETI-I.()()595
ETH.()()]I]
"',C
utC. Mrbl
MII:3
E
NlA
N/A
38.98
41.95
41.87
10. 14

..,
9.73
Sediment-related Industrial rod:.s and minuals
Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
Industrial rocks lind minenals related to plutonIC
"
rocks
>I, Marechl ETII'()()517 Mica N/A J6.-19 Industrial rocks and mintta1s related 10 plutonIC
rocks
54. Shebclli ETH'()()5~ Mica N/A 42.42 9.01 Industrial rocks and mitl(rnls related to plutonic:
rocks
". Tul;lhora ETH.fJ0625 MIca N/A -IUS '.99 Industrial rocks and minerals related to plutonic
rocks
Camn ETH-OOJ1J6 1\111:3. Abr N/A -12.37 9.26 Industrial rocks and minerals n-Iated 10 plutonic
'"m rocks
Ova Jabbe ETJ-J'()()]95 Mica. Asb. N/A "'.99 9.05 Asbestos. tak or magnesite deposiu hosted b)'
Vnn basic and ultra basic rocks
m Hamtr (MICl. Dol) ETH -004J6 M,ca. dol N/A ~1.95 9.13 Sed,mCJlI-ll:l:1100 mdLlstrial rocks and mtner.lls
55' Belarnor ETH-00905 Mrbl N/A J5.0.1 10.16 SJ:uc. marble ~nd ornamental·stone deposits
Boloa (Areal .15.25 State. nmrblc: and ornnrncnl:.I·q onc deposits

".'"
ETH·00918 Mrbl NfA '.99
Boka. 118 ETH-009 19 Mrhl N/A JS_~6 10,02 Slate. marble and ornamental-stone deposits
ETII-00296 0 36.07 10.6.1
'"", Bulen
Dabu.~

Dabu.~ "
1 ETII-00936
ETI-I-00937
Mrbl
Mrbl
Mrbl
N/A
NIA
35.05
35.05
10.39
10.34
Siale.
Slate.
mllrble
nUlrbk
and
and
ornamental-SlOne dcpo,,\s
oma1l1enlal·~tom.· dCJKl~l\s
ornamenlal-~tone
'"
56()
5<1
Guba (Mrbl)
Hak.m-Gara
ETH-00421
ETH.()0432
Mrbl
Mrbl
D
0
35.28
42.07
10.27
9.29
51:111:,
51:uc.
SI,ilc.
marble
m:lrble
marble
and
:Ind
and
ornamcnt(.l·stonc
deposits
dcpo~its
ornamental-stone depoSl1S
5<, Mai Daro ETI-I-OI06O Mrbl 0 38.38 14.30 Slate. marbk and ornamental·Slone dcpoosit5

,..
5<, Mankush (Guba)
Mikndu tBclkoro)
ETH-OIOOO
ETH-OlOO4
Mrbl
Mrbl
NIA
NIA
35.37
35.[4
1121
10.33
Sla1e. marble and ornamental·slOne deposits
Slate. marble and omHmenlal·s\one deposits
5<, Negash 39.61 13.89 Slate. marble and ornamental-slone dCJlO"15
ETH-00811
ETH.(1(1.I+I
Mrbl
Mrbl, Dol
N/A
0 9.10 Sc(hmcnt-related industrial rocks and mmerols '"
'"
5<,
Hula-Kuni
Omo ETH-00349 Nilr NIA
41 11
38.05 9.82 Salts and gypsum deposits "t
'"
M,,, ETH-00532 01, NIA 38.0-l 3.82 Volcanic-hosted industrial rod. and mineral de-
posits
,
PelT NIA -W.81 4.98 ~

'"". Belel Werm

Bulbul
ETH-00272
ETJ-I -00295 PelT N/A 38.57 7.67
Oil and gas deposits
Oil shales. b,lllminous sandstones lrod limestones:

'" Deghabur ETU-00344 Pelf N/A ·-I3.5S 8.15

oil. (5 )
Oil and gas deposits {
572
m
Ferrer
Galadi
ETH-OOJ83
ETH-00388
PelT
Pelr
N/A
NIA
44.11
46.:!8
'.08
6.82
Oil and gas deposits
Oil and gas deposns
...
,,<,,, S
'" Gima ETH-00410 NIA 36.14 7.51 Oil shales. bituminOUs sandstones and limestones:
oil. (S) ,3
'" Gumburo
Mersa Gulbub (Pelr)
E11-1-00-'26
ETH-00541
Petr
"",
NIA
NIA
45.49
38.98
1.03
11.84
Oil and gas deposits
Oil shales. bituminous sandstones and limest(lnes:
,2J
'" ETH-00562 Petr N/A 44.51 5.28
oil. (S)
Oil and gas deposil$
~

~
'"
'"
Mustahil
Wrandab ETH""'" Pelr
Pctr, Gas
NIA 43.95 7.23 Oil :lnd gas deposits
011 and gas deposits
~
:;:
51' Ogadt'Tl (Pelr. Gas)
Ogaden basin (PhosJ
ETH-00796
ETlI-OOS70 Phm
0
NIA
43.64
45.08
S.75
7.07 Phosphorites (or sedimentary phosphates I
'"
582 Ganbakli pass (Nal.TClh) ETH-OOSI9 POZl NIA 39.80 8.53 Volcanic-hosted mdustrial rock and mineral de-
POSits
~
58' Reina. 078 ETH ...... ", NIA 35.13 10.26 UnspecIfied ore dcposlI type "~
58' Co,," ETU-00930 ", NIA 35.S9 10.19 Unspc'Cificd VOIoiIlO-~lmentar) and seduncntary- ~

'" ugara Cre.!k

Shar (\1iddle)
ETII-00496
ETI f-OI024
", N/A
N/A
3807
35.89
6.17
10.31
e.,halau\·c depoSIts
Un'pc'Cified ore deposit type
S)n- to lale-orogenic. fault-rel~led ore deposits
"
'"
'"
58'
Shar, 066
Gu~ho
ETH-01026
ETII-00977
",
",
!'y. eu
NIA
NIA
.\5.92
3471
10.28
10.26
Syn- to !;lIe-orogenic. f:wlt-rel:ued ore dcpoSlh
Un~pc'Cified ore deposit type
"19 Abdul Kadir ETlI-00206 Qll.op N/A 42_19 10.35 lolled grJnlUc pcgmahU:S
'90 Da~b ETII-OOU4 S N/A 4{1.4) 14 15 Unspecified ore deposIt type
S91 Dofan ETI'I-00358 S E 39.9:'\ 9.31 Illgh-sulphidatioll scilralam
592 C"", ETII '()()l!6 &lh N/A 4146 6.18 Themlal spnngs

,..
59' Dol
EI Sod
ETII-003S9
l:.'I-I-00368
&llt
Salt
NIA
NIA
41.53
J8.4Q
6.01
-120
Tht:rmal sprillp
Salts lind gypsum dtflO~IIS
41.81 5.14 Thc-mml spnllg5
~95
\96
Eldcre
Gtradll
ETI I-00369
ETl I-OO..\05 "'''
&Ih
NIA
N/A -1L.w 6.36 Theml:!1 ~prillgs
:;!
 ~

,.
0

Table -I (rontm,1td)
No. Deposit name ID Commodi ty a,,, Longilude Latitude Ore deposit Iypes (Gilologyl
597
'98
Godicho
HoaI"
ETU-0041l
ETH..()(I4.$2 "',
"h
Nf,\
NfA
37.76
4149
6.22
5.62
Sail! llnd gypsum deposits
Th~nnal springs

'99 hn" ETH.{)()447

ETH..()0456
So" NiA 41 88 6.56 Thermal spnngs
Sah NiA 6.55 Thennal springs
"".'"
KilamlS 4140
La'-e G,uheth ETli-OOSOO Sah N/A 41.01 13.40 Salts and gypsum depoSIts
60' lake wpno ETH-OOSOI Sa" N/A 38.64 7.65 Salts and gypsum deposits

....
60' Mepdo (S:tlt)
0.00"
ETH-OOS3J
ETH-OOS75
sah
"h
N1A
NfA
37.90
42.81
3.9\
6.48
SaliS and gypsum deposits
Salts and gypsum deposits
'"
...
60' ScU.. ota
CMye Felege 8erhan
ETH-OOS89
ETH-00915 ""
Salt. Nitr
N1A
NiA
38.99
38. 15
12.B4
10.77
Salts and gypsum dcposil~
Lacustrine depos1ls (sebkha. salar. alkaline lake) ..
~
'(17
60S
AdLgrlIl ISllc)
Blue ~i\C Gorge. n ....:us
gnl-00124
E:TH.()I}916
Sile
Silc
Si.
N/A
N/A
39.58
]8.19
14.08
10.07
Scdtment·rdated ind ustrial rocks and minerals
Scdimenl·rdall~d ind ustrial rocks and mineruls ••
"-
""61' N/A
Chlldo (Ocbre Gurach) ETH.009l6 )8,39 9.78 Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals
Enticho (Silc) ETH-0081O Sile N/A 39. IS 14.18 Sediment-related ind ustrial roch and minerab
Gudc:r, 256 ETH-00974 Sile N/A 37.76 8.97 &<hment-rel:lled industTial rocks and minerals ~
'"
...~
612 Hobl bridge ETI-I-00443 Sik N/A 39.38 4.80 Sediment-related ind ustrial rocks and minerals

'" La." ETH-OOS06 Si1e N/A 41 .29 '.30 Scxhment-related IndustTial rocks and minerals
NfA ~
'"
6"
616
Marda
Mukarba
Dcbre libanos (Silc)
ETH-OOS26
ETH'()IOIO
ETH-00942
Sile
Sik
Sik. aye
N/.
N/A
42.33
)8.S9
38.87
8.85
9.45
9.71
Se<hment- rdated industrial rocks and minerals
Sediment-related industrial rocks and minemis
Sediment-related IOdustrial rocks and minerals
,
§
,n Ambo. 258 ETH-00895 SiJc. Gp.
a);:
N/A 37.83 8.98 Sediment·related IOdu~lrial rocks and minernls ,I:'
~

N/A i<'
'" Bl ue f\.11e Bndte ETlI-00285 Sile.Gp.
aye
no 0
37.8S 10.SO Sahment -relnttd IOdu5triai rocks and minerals

Asbestos. tale or magnesite deposits hosled by

;;-
•
a
.,.'"
An"" ETI I-OOS04 39.00 658
~
Msic and lIhntbasic rocks ~

Agheremarill.m (Asb) ETH-002l4 T1c. Ash N/. 38.39 5.23 Asbestos. talc o r magnesite deposits hosted by ~

621

'"
Ambo. 267
Arero Town
ETI I-00896
ETI-I·OOO28
Tru'
U
N/A
E
37.g5
38.80
' .00
4.70
basIC and lIitnthaSIC rocks
Travertine-related deposits
Unspecified OR: deposits related 10 ~'olCl!.nic systems
-§
~

O!
lind shaJlolII intrusions ~

623
'24
Em:r Rh'Cr
G<ch'
ETH-00376
ETH-00033
U
U
N/A
E
42.09
35.35
8.86
7.35
Unspecil'ic:d ore deposit type:
Unspecified ore deposiu related to ~'o\canic systems
and shallolll inlrusions
"
625 Gobelli ETH..(M)411 U NfA 41.92 8.64 Unspecified ore deposit type
." San"'' ETII-00032 U E 38.85 5.8S Unspecified orc deposits related 10 volcanic systems
and shallow intrusions
627 S~"", ETH-00031 U E 38.35 5. 17 Shear-zone n:lated mcsothennal uranium deposits
628 W""= ETI-I-00030 U.fuh E 39.35 5.67 Unspecified ore deposIts ~Ia ted 10 ~'olc-J n ic SYSlems
and shallow inlrusions
Oass D: small deposit: E; OCCllrrc:oee; NJA: no information I\'ailable Commodities: .sec signification or abbreviations Figs. 2 and 3.
 S T",'....I.· t·/ ,,/ , JOllr",,1 ,,' Afnl"(lll &i"" Snl'II<(,J JIj !fJl.iJ, 171 111 30]

the Upper PrOlerozoic (900 500 Mal Arabian Nubian Au). Sabro (>3 tAu). Wollena . Kumudu and the
terranes. Accordmg to the repartition of these belts. Western Ethiopia area (Oul deposit. 2.5 tAu).
regional distnbution of metallic mineral resources show Different types of primary gold depoSits ha'·c been
three distmct domains (Figs. I I\nd 2): characterized (Table 2): (i) the orogenic mcsothermal
gold deposi ts being the dominant type. (ii) some poorly
I. A southern dOl11alll. including the rnela-volc:lno- known gold-bearing volcanogenic massive sulphides
sedimentary Adola and Kenticha bells (s(''C Fig. 2b); (VMSs) and secondary gossan-type occurrences and (iii)
Ihis dOI11:lIn hosls major primary gold deposits recently identified epithermal-t),pe mmeralizations
(e.g. Leg:t Oembi mine. Megudo. Sakaro). the (Tadcssc.200I).
main Ethiopian gold placer deposit ... the pegmatite- (i) nle orogenic mesothennlll gold deposits: Most of
hosted Kenticha tantalum mine and the secondary the known primary orogenic mesothennal gold deposl1s
Interne-related IUckel deposits of the Adola district. and occurrences are related to shear zone-hosted veins
Other Isolated primary gold deposits under recon- wlthm the NeoproterozOic ,olcano-Sc..~imentary succes-
n,lIssance arc kno\' n 200 kill southwards. close sion of greenschist to amphibolite fade:. metamor·
to the to\\ n of Moyale ilnd the Kenya border (e.g. phic rocks. They consist of amphibohtes. carbonaceous
llararn sam. I hmllntc). quam feldspa r biotitc schist. graphitic quartzite. meta-
2. A \\ide western domain (SI.'C Fig. 2a). following the sandstone and conglomerute and the associated basic
Sudanese border: this domain cun be subdivided into ultra basic intrusions. common in o ther greenstone belts
four belts. hosting primary gold deposits (c.g. Dul. of different ages. such as the Barberton (South Africa)
Oda-Goderci. the Yubdo platinum deposit. the iron and the Birimian volcano--sedimentary bellS in West
deposits of Dihkal. Chago. Gordanll. and base metal Africa (Milesi ct al.. 1992: Marcoux and Mllesi. 1993;
prO:'J)I..""Cts of ,olcnnogenic volcanoscdimcnt:lry type Lcdru et al .. 1997).
(Abctsclo. K:l1a) . The auriferous quartz veins and lodes vary in length
3. A northern domam (Tigray) extending nort l1\~ards in from n fe", meters to several hundred melers. The Ku-
Eritrea. compost.'<i of scveral meta-volcano-sedimen- mudu ore occurrence IS the smallest. about 400 m in
tary belts and sub·belts. bounded by mafic ultranlllfic length. whilc the Lega Dcmbl deposit exceeds 2000 m in
rocks. hosting gold and base metal occurrcnc:,:cs (e.g. strike find 100 m in width. Individual quartz veins (e.g.
Adl Zcrcscna). Au). Saknro) measure 580 m long by 2 10 m wide. Most of
the quarl2 \eins and lodes strike conformably with the
Significant metallic mineral sites loc:.uoo outside of country rocks. Gold (fineness: 350 870 pennil at Lega
these domall1S arc rare: they lI1c1ude the Melkll Arb:.1 Dcmbi) occurs in ... eins as free p"lrtic1es (grams) or is
iron depo.ltit (basic intrusion-related). the Chercher con tamed within sulphides such as pyrite. galena and
copper deposit (Red Dcd type in Mcsoloic sa ndstones) chalcopyrite. Gold contents in the ore bothes reaches up
and the Enknfala manganese deposit (Plio-Pleistocene to 10 gil (e.g. Lega Dembi). The type of \\all rock al·
sediments of the Danakil depression). terntion varies dependmg on the hosl rock types bUl
is genera lly represented by scricl1lz.1Iion, silicificntion.
1././ Primarl' goltJ depo.\·ils chloritization. su lphidization, enrbonatizatlon. serpent.
Primllr) and pincer gold deposits and occurrences iniZ:l1ion and blOtitizalion . Quartz and carbonates an:
have been reponed from the Panafricun volcano-sedi- the most common gangue minerals. Sulphides are gen-
mentary sequence 111 Southern EthiopIa (Ado);1 gold emily associated with the gangucs. but do not e.'l(ceed
field). Western Ethiopm (Wollega region). Southwestern more than 2% of the "olume of the veIns. The most
Ethiopia (Al-obo region). and Northern Ethiopia ni- common sulphides an: galena. chalcopyrite. arsenopy-
gray region). Il o ....e"er. at present the Adola gold field is rite. pyrrhotite and pyrite. Tellurides (pct2.lte. aitalle and
the only existing tlCII"e gold producing arc" except for hessite) arc common (e.g. Lega Dembi) (Tadesse. 2000).
small sc~llc placer gold mining uctivilles by nrtisanlll With regard to the gold origm. most of the known
miners in the above mentioned regions. primary gold deposits and occurrences III the region are
I)nnmry gold sources were discovered in the 1980s concentrated withi n the Megado Belt and panly in the
durm3 detailed exploration 111 the Adola gold field by Kenticha Belt which is characteriSt'd by "olcano-sedl'
Ethiopmn Minerai Resources Development Corpord- menUiry (greenstone) rock associations (Upper com-
tion (EM ROC. 1985). Such \\ork resulted in the dis- plex). The orc bodies known so far are located within
COvery of the Lega Dembl and Saknro primary gold these units or close to the shear contact with hlgh-grode
deposits and many other pnmllry gold occurrences. gneiSS. the on I) exception bemg the OIgau gold occur-
A global potential of more than 100 t ofprinmry gold rence. Therefore. it is obvious thut this major structure
can be estimated (resources). baSL'<i 011 present state of (the Megado belt) controlled the emplacement and de-
knowledge. mclUlhng the Adola gold field with Lega position of the sourc.:cJhost rocks and later shear-
Dclllbi (62 tAu). Megado (23.76 t Au). Serda (2.85 t ing provided channel· ways for the circulation of
 S Tmlcsse 1.'1 ul. I Journlll of A/ricatr Eartlr Sr.rl.'nct.f 36 (1{J{J3 ) 173 311

hydrothermal fluids during gold transportation and collected at various loc:llities (such us Gedemsa. Aluto
deposition. Thus, the model proposed belongs to the and Corbetti caldcras, Tcndaho grnbcn, Afar and MER)
syn-orogcnic mesothermal type with significa nt contri- have revealed anoma lous vulucs nmging from 100 to 500
butions from the source, and trapping by the Panafrican ppb Au. These occurrences warrant further investiga-
deformation metamorphism and magmatism events. tions.
Following Tadcsse (2000). the gold was most probably
broughl 10 the surface from a source at depth in asso- 3.1.2. Gold-bearing placers
ciation with basic- ultra basic magmatism, during the Mining for gold in the southern region of Ethiopia
opening of the Mcgado belt . Later, due to metamor- dates back to the mid-1930s. Since then nearly 56 I of
phism and deformation. gold might have been leached gold has been produccd from placers of the Adola area
from the protore and trapped at favourable structural alone, unlilthe end of 1999. No record is available on
and lithological sites at various IOC;'ll ities within the the gold production of the western Clnd southwc.<aern
volcano-sedi mentary sequence (Upper complex) and at regions. However, it is believed thaI a few kilograms of
the conlact of these rocks with the high-grade gneiss gold arc being produced annually by the local miners.
formations (Midd le complex). Up unlil the establishment of modern methods for the
Disseminated gold mineralization associated with mining of Ihe primary gold deposits o f Legn Dembi and
sulphides and vein lets is hosted by various sedimentory Sakaro. mining for gold was carried out by the primitive
rocks such as quartzites and micasch ists of the Adola panning method. employing a significant number of la-
Group and conglomera tes of the Kajimiti Beds. These bourers. The introduction of semi -mechanized mining
deposits. often confi ned to Panafrican shear-zones and methods, such as using hydraulic monitors and dredging
faults. probably also belong to the orogenic type miner- in the last 2 3 decades have contributed to significant
alizations. improvement in the production of gold in the Adola
(ii) Gold-bearing VMS mineraliZ.llions: Gold is also area.
present (as visible gold in heavy mineral concentrates) The eluvial- alluvial placers have been commercia lly
associated with some polymetallic base metnl occu r- the most important in the Adola gold fi cld . Deluvial
rences of VMS---aflinity and with their assOciated hy- gold is known to occur on the hillsides o f thc Lcgll
drothermally altered zones and secondary gossans, such Dcmbi and Sakaro primary gold deposi ts and the Ku-
as Kala and Abctsclo (Western Ethiopia). Similar gold- mudu ore occurrencc. Gold placers nrc widespread and
bearing massi"e Soulphide deposits of Cu Zn-Au VMS occur in the Bedakess..1, Shanka. Wol1ena , Wollebo.
type with ussocillted gossa ns are well-known within Borc. Lega Dcmbi va lleys and in a number of small
various Neoproterozoic meta-volcano-sedimentary belts tributaries of the Awaln and Mormora rivers. A total of
of the Arabian Nubi'lIl Shield (e.g. Sumran. Wadi 173 placer deposits and occurrences of gold arc known
Bidah and Wadi Shwas (e.g. Al 1·lajar deposit. Cottord in the Adol .. urea . comprising 7200 km 2 (EM RDC,
et. al.. 1993) belts in Saudi Arabi:l : Ariab belt in NE 1985). In the Adola gold field. placer gold deposits with
Sudan (COllard el al., 1986; Recochc. 1989): Ad; Nefas contents averaging 0.1 glm 3 (of grovel) or marc of gold
and Debarwa deposits in Eritrea). Economic secondary and with gold reserves of over 30 kg are classified tiS
gold enrichments associated with the oxidized part of "placer deposits", while those with lesser gold va lues
some of these deposilS (gossans) are currently exploited and reserves are termed "pilleer occurrences·'. All gold
by open-pit mining in the Red Sea Hills of northeastern placers are concentra ted in the N S trending Mcgado
Sudan (Ariub Mining Company). In Ethiopia. this type Belt. The economic gold concentrations of the placers
of mineralization warrants further investigations. occur in gravel, sund. sill and clay sediments of dry
(iii) Epithermal deposits: A new melullogenic pro- streams. river flats. old valleys, ;'Illd terruces. They arc
vince characterized by epithermal-type gold mineral- derived from the primary gold deposits (orogenic rnes-
izatIons has been rccemly identified in Ethiopia otherma l veins, lode type deposits. and gold-bcuri ng
(Tadessc. 2000). Low sulphidation (adulariu-scricite quartzites associated with the rocks of the Adola Group
type) occurrences have been found wilhin Quaternury and the conglomeratcs of the Klljimiti Beds). thaI <lfC
vo!canoclastic rocks of the MER. These occurrences arc often confined 10 Panafricun shear-zones and faults.
mamly represented by base and precious metal-bearing The gold is distributed in placers us nests or combi-
quartz adularia yeinlets. Sulphide minemls including nations and paystreaks. The lurgest gold placer deposit
pyrite, chalcopyrite arc associated with various iron has been explored in lhe Bore valley with calculated
oxides. Gold and enargite were identified at Gedemsu, reserves of up to 4.5 t of gold (EM ROC. 1985; Sclassie
and galena. stibnitc and covcllitc were reported al and Reimold . 2000). This placer has been mined since
Tendaho. Their host rocks have been affected by intense Ihe late 1950s and its gold production is still in progrcss.
hydrothermal alteration: potassic and argillic alterations In the Adola area. a total reserve of 13.67 I of plttcer
at Gedemsa and Tcndaho, essentially propylitic altera- gold was estllnalcd in 1985 (Selassic .md Reimold.
tion at Corbetti . Thus. a lot of core and cutting samples 2000).
 s nlll,·~,,' ('/ III I Jmmllll ,I} I{rinm /:.'lIrlll $,i('llfl'l J6 :!(J()J, :!7J JI1 ]05

Genetically, the gold placers of the area fall into three PHst producllon of Yubdo. from 1926. is estimated 3t
groups: (i) residual eluvial (slope) placers at sites of 2.7 t PI. Resource calculations \ary between 2 and 27 t
disintegration of primary source. (ii) eluvi;,1 alluvial PL following variolls e~tim,lles: 20 t Pt at 0.4 glm-'
placers formed in small valleys and fa ns. due to inter- (Duval Corp .. 1969): 12 t Pt at 0.34 glt for Nippon
Illittcl1t stream activity: and (iii) alluvial placers formed Mining Co. (1972) and 27t Pt at 0.2 glm l (+10 t Au and
in the valley floor and on nver terraces. Commercially. 980 I Ag) for Gilevich (1980: in Mogessie and Bclete.
the potential of the area is linked with the alluvial 2000). Neverthc1cs~. the fact that 85% of the platinum
placers containing the bulk of the estimated reserves. occurs in the clay grain-siLe fraction suggests that ad·
Residlml eluvial and proluvial plucer~ arc targets for vanced tcchnology is required for ore beneficiation. At
hand mining operations. Thc major p:Lrt of known prescllt. Golden l)rospect Mining Company of England
placers is shallow-lying with o\'erburden being as th ick is pro~pccting and mining Pt and associated gold from
as 15 m. Ihe mineralised Yubdo laterites.
Ilased on the mode of occurrence and geology of Platinum-group clement occurrences have also bt."Cn
placers of the area. the following observations clln be reported together with gold from se\'eral secondary type
made: the low-order valleys are rather monotonous in occurrences in Western Ethiopia (Wolleg:.) (c.g. Tulu
geOmorphic a ... pect along their cntirc length. The largest Dimtu. residual and Soddu. placer).
(such as Hore. Kajimiti. Bedake~sa. Awala. and Mor-
mora) have contrasting morphologies <II dHTerellt scc- 3.1.4. Tall/a/ulII (ll iohilllll . REE. lilhium. ben'lIillm)
tions due to local control by underlying geology. d('po.\il.~
neotectonics and faults. Terraces of small tributaries as The Kenticha rare-metal pegmatite in the Adola urea
a ru le have little or no surf.tce expression in topography was discovered in 1980 by EM ROC during the course of
nnd in most case arc buried under ... Iope waste. preliminary and detailed exploration. Since 1989.
All placer gold occurrences arc discontinuous. they Ken tieha has produced 20 t of tantalum oxide (Ta ~ O ~)
form isolated ground~ :tIld pay-streaks. Gold is con- from delluviulll with:t hydr:lulic pilot plant (Sclassie und
cen lnlted as nests and as combinat ion of nests and Reimold. 2000). Production is no .... running at about
paystreaks. Nest-like concentrations most frequent ly 120.000 lb/year of lanlllium oxide from .... eathered peg-
OCCur adjacent to distribu ted gold. mati te and alluvial orc (Anonymous. 2001a.b). In 1988.
In conclusion. the regional distribution of placer de- prelirmnury reserve ... were evaluated at 25.000 t of Co\-
pOsi ts ;wd occurrences III the area is characterized by II umbo-Tan lalite ore ut a 0.02 0.03% Ta ~ O~ grade
distinct !opatial association with both the Megado and (Selassie and Reimold. 2000). but hard rock ore reserves
Kenticha primary gold belts. This emphasises the inti- are still to be evaluated.
mnte spatial as!>ociation of the arcas o f placer fo rma- The pegmatiles in Ihe Kenticha rare-metal field arc
tions with the primary gold fields. The majority of the genetically related to dome and lenticular-shaped dif-
pl.leers arc loca lised in the arcas of the enlmnced erosive ferentia ted gr:lnitic and pegmatitie Intrusions along a
tra nsforma tion of the relief. d iscretc NS fault and shear system. including biotite
Structurally the Adola :trell consists of numerous. granite. two-mica gmnite and alaskitic gntntte. These
variously uplifted blocks of the crystalline basement. post-orogenic illlrusives arc supposed to be the parent
Under these circumsl3nccs. the spatiul distribution of rocks of the rare metal enriched pegmatitcs occurring
~ones of weakness c_l;el'l direct control Oil the formatio n withi n Ihe Kenticha ficld. arr.mged in zonal pallerns
of the drainage pallcrn. These zones of weakness incl ude around the source granite and following a N S trending
system of fault~ of \arious ugcs. regIonal fau lt and shenr system. The late to post-Pan-
african Kcnticha pegmatitc is dated lit 480±50 and
3.1.3. P/m;lIl1m depos;ls SIS:!:: 10 Mn (Sclassie and Relllloid. 2000).
'r he Yubdo deposit (Wollegu) was mined from 1926 The main mineral uS!iOCiations found III the pegma-
till 1935. The platinum is associated with ultramafic tite rocks include Columbo-Tantalite group minerals.
complexes and more specifically with the lowermost pan il; iolite. beryl, Icpidolitc. phosphate mlllerais (apatlle.
of Ihe alteration products (laiC rites) of dunitic rocks. amblygonite and lithiophillite) and toummhne (schorl
l he n... erage grade of secondary residual ore from and elbaite). Within the gmnile pegmaltle system. l:tte-
Yubdo mine is 0.005 1.31 g I)t/m'. At Yubdo mine. the magmatic ahenltions (ulbltizntioll. !.Cricitization. grcisc-
average compo~ilion of the I)t Fe nuggets is 79.48% ni.l. mioll. kuolinlzation Rnd dc\e!opmenl of amazOntte
~Iatinum. 0.49% pall:tdlUm. 0.75~'<I rhod ium. 0.8% irid- and microclinc) lire widely dc\clopcd. parlicularly in lhe
Ium. 1.4 1% osmiridium. und O,49'}Iu gold. The remaining lute products of granite pegmaIHc series.
Percentage is iron . Other metallic minerals include til- tn addition 10 tantalum. Li. Rb and Cs could also be
l<lmeen ite. osmindium. elcctrum. pcntlllndite :md chal- commercially exploited in the fultlre from the pegma-
COCite in trace .. mounts (Betetc el al.. 2000: Selassie and lites of the district. e~peciuny by selectivc minmg_ Fur·
RCimOld. 2000). thermorc. Columbo-Tnnullite conccntnltcs represent n
306 S TU(/e.u'1'1 01 I Jourlla/ of African Earth &iencf'J J6 (2001) }7)- JI1

complex raw material for the extraction of other (in ti taniferous iron·ore bodies are confined to the uHr-
addition to Ta) rare metals (e.g. Nb, Zr, REE). abasic lone which consists of orc·bearing actinolite rich
Other significant tantalum occurrences have been rocks. olivine pyroxenite. meta·hornblendite. apatite
idemified in Kilkilc. in the same rare-metal fie ld. while bearing meta-hornblendite and meta-gabbro. The ultr-
a Nb---Ta and REE- Th pegmatite-related occurrence abasic zone is about I km wide and 12 km long. The size
close to a two-mica granite was discovered near Melcka of the o re bodies is of 200--1400 m in length, 2- 6 m in
in the Sidamo region. width and 200-300 m in depth. The dominant ore
The existing geological investigations and the history minerals in the Bikilal titanifcrous iron ore deposit arc
of similar pegmatite fields in the world suggests the magnetite (containing ilmeni te as exsolution lamell:lc)
possibility of further potentia l economic rare-metal reo (40%), ilmenite (29%) with in silica te minerals (about
sources within the region . 30% ), The most common accessory minerals are pyr·
rhotite and pyri te (2- 2.5%), apatite (0.6%), chalcopyrite
3. 1.5. Nickel ( cobalf, chromil/m ) deposirs and pentiandi le « 1%), Main gangue minerals are am-
More than twenty nickelifcrous occurrences have phiboles. chlorite and rarely phlogopitc, o livine. py.
been identified in association with serpentinite bodies roxene and plagioclase. The titaniferous iron o re is
belonging to the Adela and Kcnticha belts (Sidamo). chiefly compacl·dissemi nated.
One third of them have been explored more in detail by The Bikilal iron deposit is estimated at about
pitting and drilling, resulting in a reserve estimate of 58,000,000 t grading 41 % tota] Fe (EIGS. 1989). Zones
17.000,000 t of ore grading 1.3% nickel (E IGS, J 989). of apatite enrichmelll arc currently evaluated through
Main deposits are located al Ula Ulo (4 Mt at 1.33% drilling ( 127.000.000 t of apatite ore with 21,8% total Fe;
Ni and 0.01 % Co) and Tulia (6.6 Mt at 1.12% Ni) Selassie and Reimold. 2000).
(Goossens, 2000). Other sim ilar nickel occurrcnces have
also been report(.'<i in Sidamo (e.g, Kilta. 2 Mt at 1.5% 3.1.7. Manganese deposits
Ni. Big Dubicha . Small Dubichu , Fulanto, Monissa, The Enkafala a rea in Tigray (Dnnakil depression) is
Burjiji and Lolo tu). responsible for the sma ll former Ethiopian manganese
All these occurrences are related to uhrabasic rocks ore production (aboul 40.000 I of ore from 1958 10
metamorphosed to scrpcn tinitcs, nlmost entirely altcrcd, 1963), Reserves of the Enkafala sedimentary Mn deposit
These serpenti njtcs (Iizardilc and an tigoritc with somc are believed to be 75,000 metric Ions (Gclltneh, 1985).
chrysotile stringers, Clark. 1978) are all enclosed in a The thin manganese layer is inlerSlratified in clastic Plio·
"halo" of talc and bands of talc schists, tremolite, Pleis tocene marine sedimcnts, Ore consists of hard ox·
chlorite sch ists and actinolite schists, The nickel miner· ides (psilomelanc. pyrol usite) and hollandite. Barium is
alization, of residual type. is hosted in ltuerites capping presen t locally in the o re.
the serpen tinite bodies and is apparently mainly held in Other areas in Tigray where manganese mineral oc·
a secondary mineral of the garnierite group (pimelitc). eurrences are known are Mussley, Deliga. Handeda. Adi
The average metal contents for unahercd ultra basic Bcrbere, Adi Chigono. The origin of these occurrences is
sourcc rocks are uneconomical : nickel (0.1 0.3%), co· poorly known, some of them being at least partly of
bait (0 ,0;20/0 ). copper (0,998%). secondary origin (gossan·type? e.g, Mussley, Adi
Bcrbere), The Melka Sedi deposit (KalTa) is associated
3.1.6. 1rOll ( titanillm) deposits with laterites,
Iron occurrences are idcntified in mnny areas in
Ethiopia: among others in Tigray (Adult, Entichio) and 3. 1.8, Base mewl (copper, =iIl C, lead. molybde/lum,
Wollega ( Koree, Gordoma, Chago (Maj Gudo» . They wolfram) deposits
belong to three main types (Table 2): (i) Precambrian The scarcity of significant base metal deposits in
basic intrusion·hostcd Fe· Ti type ( Bikilal. Melka Arba). Ethiopia may be due to It lack of systematic exploration.
(ii) handed iron formation (BIF) type occurrences as·
socia ted with Precambrian ferruginou s quartzites (Ko- • Copper: most promising copper occurrenccs seem to
ree, Gordoma, Chago) and (iii) secondary latcrite nndlor be related to VMS type minerali.z.1tions occu rring in
gossan·related deposits (e.g, Mclka Sedi). the mcta·volcano--sedimentary belts of Western Ethi-
The best·known and main Ethiopian iron deposit opia (Abetselo, Kala), Other occuTences arc relaled
known is tlmt recently discovered at Bikilul in Wollega ; to basic- uhrabasic magmatic rocks, e u is also It com-
the deposit is hosted in Pr(.'Cambrian metn·scdimentary mon pathfinder of gold in many shea r-zone rela tcd
rocks (feldspar amphibolite schist, quartz amphibolc "mcsothermar' gold deposits (Table 2). Thc well-
schist. quartz feldspar and amphibole schist and marble) known Cu Mn (Co) Chcrcher deposit in Eustern
inlruded by ~\Sic--ultrabasic rocks lind granitoids. The Ethiopia, hosted in Mesozoic sandstones discordant
4eposit, of Fe- Ti P (apatite) type is formed from ultra· overlying the Precambrian basement, belongs to the
basic magma by magmatic segregation processes, Thc Red ned type,
 S T/ll/<'l'St' t'I 11/. / Jour/w/ oj ,'Jdcmr E(Jrlir Sl'll'lIces 36 (2003) 273 -3/3 307

• Zillc. LI/ad, as wcll as othcr commodities (e.g. Ag. As. Abiyatll alone has rcvealed the prcsence of 400.000.000 t
Sb. Hi) arc associated with Cu and Au in polymetallic or bri nes of soda ash (EIGS. 1989). At this locality.
massive and disseminated sulphides of volcanogenic 25.000 t of brines nre produced annually by a small sca le
and volcano-sedimcntary deposits (Kala. Abetselo. pilot plant.
Azale Akendeyu). as well as occurring as pathfi nd-
ers of gold in many prim<lry "Iodc" orogenic depos- 3.2.2. Pot(f.f/, (ferlili:er raw "/(Iler;al.~)
its. Olher Ph or Pb Cu occurrences located close 10 Potash reserve arc located mainly in the Danakil
the basal contact of discordant sediments ovcrlying depression (Salt Valley). where 160.000.000 t at 20-25%
the Precambrian basement (e.g. Sob. Ijabu na, AITr- K10 equivalent are estimated (E IGS. 1989). Dallol
alu) may represent Red Bed type or carbonate-hosted (Danakil) is a major deposit hosting sylvite. halite and
base mctal deposits: potash salt reserves within shallow marine evaporitic
• Mol)'bdel/li/1/ (as molybdenite) occurs in leucocratic
sedimcn ts that also contain gypsum and anhydri tc.
quartz plagioclase acidic rocks at the flank of a gran- Proven and probable reserves amount to 21.520.000 t of
ite batholith at Fakusho. Some gra nitic pegmatites KCl fo r one of the two known orebodies (Mengistu and
also Contain Mo (Bissidimo valley. Chiltu). Wolfram Pen taw.2000).
OCCurs with Mo in granitic rocks lit Kala: this clement
is :llso commonly identified as a trace clement in nu-
merous shear-zone related Illcsothemlal gold deposits 3.2.3. Diatomi1t:
(e.g. Digltti. East Sakaro. Korkoro). Most of the diatomite deposits arc located within
the Main Ethiopian Rift (Million. 1989) and the Afar
3.1.9. Rmliooctirc mil/nols ( Ilranill1/), thorium ) til/posil.\' deprcssion. Thc diatomite deposits are located in
Radioactive mincrnl deposits of econom ic class have lacustrine sedimcnt of Tertiary to Pleistoccne age. inter·
So far not been discovered in Ethiopia . Urani um and bedded with volcaniclastic rocks. ignimbrite. tuff and
thOrium minerals have been observed in pegmatite vcins pumice. Total geological potential of the Lakes region
belongi ng to gneisses of Hararghe and Sidamo (Ken ti- (district) is cstimated at 85.000.000 t of diatomite
eha) region. Precambrian granite. Cretaceous and Jur- (Mengistll and Pentaw. 2000).
assic sediments in the same regions. purticu larly in the
Dire Dawa- I-I arar district arc also considered to be fa- 3.2.4. Bel/tollite
vOurable host rocks for the deposition of rad ioactive Huge deposits of bentonite occur in the Afar region
tninerals (Gctaneh. 1985). at several siles (e.g. Wll rseis<l. Lcdi. Gewane area. Ha-
rarghe) (Mengistu. 1987) and at Gidicho island (Lake
3.2. Illtill.wrifll mineral,.. Ab"Y<l) in Sida mo (Knot and Abcra. 1983). Much
higher quality deposits of bentonite have been found :It
Industrial mineral resources occur in variolls geo· Lake Abaya in Sidamo. The bentonite-bearing beds arc
lOgical format ions from Precambrian to recent and a rc part of l:lcustrine sediments. \\ hich consist of clays. salt·
lIsed in glass. ceramics and cement industries. The l11ain bea ring beds. sandstones, calcareous s.'l ndstones. con-
commodities available in large quan titics include soda glomerates and interbedded volcaniclastic rocks. They
ash. potash. diatomi tc. bentonite. clay. eOl11l11on slllt, result. fo llowing Mengistu and Fenlaw (2000). from the
gypsum. anhydri te. fcldspars. talc and kyanitc. alteration of glassy magma tic materials.
Despite the uvai lability of these industrial mincral In the Afar region. the tOlal resources have been es-
resou rces. Ethiopia has been importing ruw materials to tima ted at 170.000.000 t of bentonite (Mcngistu and
SllPply existing local industries (MengislU li nd Fentaw. Fentaw. 2000). T he largest bcmonite deposit. Gewane. is
2(00). located about 17 km north-cast of the town of Gewane.
General re"iews of industrial minerals in Ethiopia ure The reserves at this si te have been estimated at
PUblished in Getaneh (1985). Abera (1994) and Mengi- 77.035.000 mJ . The average thickness of thc bentonite
Stu and Fentaw (2000). clllY is about 11 .8 Ill . The S(..'Cond largest deposll is
Warscisa. si tuated 1-3 km north of the Dessie-Assab
3.2./. Soda ash (sodium clIrbol1a1c) highway between the Badona river and Warseisa. The
The Ethiopian Rift valley lakes. particul:lrly Lukes bentonite deposit occupies an area of about 127 km!.
AbiYllla and Sha la. contain huge volul11es of trona The reserves have been estimated at about 7.000.000 ml
brines (460.000.000 t of sodium c.'Irbona te in sol ution at and the nvcragc thickness is about 5.6 m. At Lcdi, the
C?necntrHtiolls ra ng.i ng betwcen 1. I'Yo and 1,9%. Men- average thick ness of the bentonitic tx.-d is estimated to be
~I Stu und Fcn taw. 2(00). Ash soda deposi ts ure locn lized 3.2 III lind the calcu lated reserves are 1.784,000 m). The
In nlajor volcano-tectonic depressions (calderas) infil lcd total reserves in the area Are estimated to be 7.000.000
3
by lacustrine deposits. Prolonged cvaporation is re- 1ll • The reserves a Gidicho island (Lake Abaya. Rift
SpOnsible for the elevation in concentra tions. Luke Vulley) arc estimatcd to be 6.440.000 m1 .
 I JOllrn(l/ of A/fin", £1m" Sdrnru 36 (1003) 27J J/J
""
3.2.5. Cia), (lml kaolin
S. T(J(lu,f(> N /1/.

era l is of microcline or albite type. The reserves in the

Refractory bond clays ~tnd clays suitable for ccmenl Kenticha pegmatite deposit have been estimated to be
manufacturing occur in Gonder (Chclga) and Show,1 457,000 t and thc pegmatite dykes in Babile-BombaS<.1
(Koka). Alluvial clay deposits for brick. tile. pottery and contain a possible rcserve of 150.000 t of feldspar
pipe industries occur in Shawa (Addis Ababn area). ncar (MengislU and Fentaw, 2000).
Ochre Zeit. Akaki. Kaliti and Sululw. betwccn Ocbre
Sinn and Debre llerhan , and at Zega Wodel. KelT.. 3.2.9. Talc
(Bebeka), Sidamo (Kcbre Mengisl area). Wo llega Talc minerali7. . .It.ion is widespread in the Precambrian
(Dilla), Hurarghc (Dire Dawa area). Abay River va lley basement rocks of the Sidamo region (e.g. Aghere Ma-
and the Rift va lley lake regions. Clay materials for the riam) and in many parts of Wollega.
manufacture of pigment occu r in Gondar and KalTa. The \:lie deposits generally occur in chlorite-ben ring
Ceramic clays are common in Ambo. Showa, J-Iarar and schist associated with altered ultrnmafic (serpentinite)
Sidamo CBombowha or Bwambwa Weha) (Sabav ct al., rocks. At Anno (Adoln belt). a resource of about
1983; Fcntaw and Mcngislu, 1998). Clay deposits are 100.000 t of ta le has been estimated (Mengislu and
formed from the weathering of volcan ics, volcaniclastics Fentaw. 2000).
and sediments. Kao lin results from the weathering of
granite (Kombelcha: Mengistu and Fentaw, 1993, 1994; 3.1./0. Kyollife
Fentaw and Mengist u, 1998) and gneissics feldspathic The northeastern part of the Adola bell hosts a thin
rocks, and from alteration (hydrothermal and weather- belt of kyanitc quartz schist and kaolinizcd kyanite -
ing) of felsic and intermediate volcanics and volcanic- quartz mica schist extending for more than 30 k.m:
lastics. Reserves of kaolin at Uombowha are est.imatcd modnl compositions of these kyanite-bearing rocks
to be over 500,000 t (EiGS. 1989). range betwccn 2126% kyanite. 71 75% quartz and 2·
5% other minerals. In the Chembi area. detailed map-
3.2.6. Commol/ sail ping suggests a resou rce of more than 10.000.000 t of
Rock salt is produced from the Danllkil depression. high quality kyanite (Fentaw and Mengis(U, 2000).
which cover~ a surface of many thous'lOds of square
kilometers with reserves estimated lit 3,000.000 metric 3.2. JI. Other ro/:ks ami industrial minerals
tons of salt (Getaneh. 1985). A wide variety of other industrial minerals arc known
Many salt w ..uer sources arc exploited for salt ill sa- 10 occu.r in various geological environmen ts (Table 2).
lines which ure located In Bale (e.g. Ka lamis. Ge~lda. Some of the most importunt ones are the l.Ibrusivc
C reen, Dol. Hocdu . Eldere). Goiiam (50 km south-cast minerals (garnct). asbestos. mica, graphite, o livinc. phos-
of Debre Markos) and Sidamo. ncar Meg.1 (e.g. EI Sod) phate. pumice. pyrite, quartz, silica sand and vermicu-
(Gemllch. 1985). lite. Mosl promising sites hosting rocks and industrial
minerals .Ire the Moya le graphite deposit with 460,000 1
3.2.7. Gypsum. (lIIhydrit('. (Iolom;re (Guatnab. 1997: Fentawand Mohummcd. 1999). the
Very large deposits of gypsum and anhydrite arc Garibaldi Pass (Nazreth) pumice deposit . the Kenticha
known to occur in the sedimentary formations of lhe area for high-quality quartz (260.000 \) and the big
Oanakil depression. Ogaden, Showa, Gojjam. Tigruy fumurolie su lphur deposit of Chcbret Ale (6,517,000 t
and Hararghe. Total reserves are enormous beC~lUse the or s).
thick.ness of the gypsum deposiL'i is many hundreds of
meters and the fonmHions arc known to extend laterally 3.3. Con'ilruCfioll 011(1 hlli/dillg materials. (/illl£".\'io/l stolles
for hundreds of kilometers (Getaneh, 1985). Reserves of
dolomite Itt lIula-Kuni ha\le been estimated to be over 3.3./. Marhle
1.434.000 t (ErGS, 1989), Gypsum and anhydrite nrc Marbles arc widespread in the basement rocks of
associated with sa lt nnd potash in lhe upper parI of the Ethiopia, in particular the Proterozoic calcareous
Quaternary evaporites of the Oanakil depression . Other schists. Some of these have been exploited by the cement
occurrences are hosted by Mesozoic sedimcntary for- industry and National Mining Company.
m:ttio ns as Intercalations within calcareous rocks. Marble ha!. been quarried in such loculities as Dalcli
(Wollega). Metekel Administrative region (Mora . nar-
3,1.8. Feldspars (ceramic (lm/she('t g/u.u rail' II/(I(('rialsj uda und Bulen). Tigray. Hula Kuni and Olher va lleys
Plagioclase and K feldspa r occurrences have been of lhe Chercher Mountain area in Il ararghe. Marble
reported in a number of loollities in Ethiopia. the most reserves at Mora and Buruda (Mclckel) have been
important of which arc in Sidumo (e.g. Kcnlicha . Sabov estimuted 10 be about 46.54 and 13.58 mi ll ion tonS.
et al.. 1983; (lnd Neghele) and lI ararghe (e.g. Subile- re.spectively (Ghebre, 1991). The marble in Baruda and
Uombasa). Generally. in illi of these localities. felds pars Bulen is grey to dnrk grey, while the marble in Mora is
lire associated with pegmatite dykes. The feldspar min- white-grey.
 S TmkifJt, t!I 'II I JOllrn(l/o/ I/ri.-..II f(lrlh SneIHl'J 36 ,liN)) . 273 3/J

Marble resenes of five si tes in Tigray were estima ted (Axulll and Adwa area: :Imcthyst). Primary occurrences
to be about 10,000,000 m l (Bcfckadu and SCllbetO. are related to pegmatite- granite rocks. The gravels of
1993). some of the mujor rivers of Ethiopia host some sec-
The Daleti Marble deposit ill Wollega (Malish and ondary alluvial occurrences.
Dcjene, 1983) is situated 40 km north of Mendi at the Recently, opal was disco\ered at Yita ridge in the
road connecting Addis Ababa and Assosa, The marble Menz Gishe district of Showa pro\'incc. The opal-
beds arc confined 10 mCI:l-sedimcntar) rock sequences bearing rock is :t nodular rhyolite which is Miocene in
and arc mostly homogeneously while or pink but ban- age. The gem field i~ estimated to cxtend over an area of
ded and mOlllcd varieties also occur. Medium- and at least 7 x 7 km. The opal nodule~ average about 10 em
coarse-grained types predominate. Reserves of marble in in diameter.
this area (12 marble occurrences are known) ilre csti-
mated to be o\cr 50.000.000 t (E IGS, 1989), 3.5. Ellt'rgy rl'.JOllrc'I!S

3.3.2. Lill/f',\ lOI/{' lIlIll dO/Oil/ill' 3.5,}. Coa}

According to Getanch (\985), the limestone and do- General overviews conccming cthiopian coal depo-
lomite deposits of Ethiopia fall into the follO\\ing sits (geographical distribution. geological sctting. eco-
grou ps: nomical characteristics) are published III Jelenc (I966l.
Reinhardt ,lIld Sisay (1981). Getaneh and Saxena (1984)
• Mesozoic calcareous rock units th,1I crop oul in Tl- and Wolcla (1995). Other infonna lion is £i\ell in nu-
gray. Showa (Mugher), Gojjam. Wolleg... Sidamo, merous unpublished reports of the Ministry of Milles
Hararghc (Dirc Dawa) ;l1ld Bale. and Energy (e.g. Assefa and Wolela. 1986: Assefa and
• Cenozoic calca reous rock units of eastern Ogaden, Getllhun. 1987: Bae et a!" 1989: Bclachew and J-I ccman.
the Danakil depression, the Omo river \ alley. and b- 1984: Kit:tchew lind TL'Sfayc. 1979; Min)c ct al.. 1985:
CuStrine deposits of both the Ethiopian Rift System Wolela. 1991. 1992).
and the Ilighiands. Coal occurrences. m:tinl} ligilltc varieties. ;ire knO\\n
to occur in many areas in Ethiopia (Gonder. Wolleg;t.
The limestone deposits vary from pure limestone Showa. Kefa. Wclo). Among these occurrences. Yayu
through magnesium limestone to dolomites, Enormous. ( Illubabur). Delbi Moye (Kefa. Jimma zonc). Chelga
un-estimated quantities of limestone are lIvailabJc in (Gonder, 19,700.000 t). NCJo (Wollega. 3.000.000 I).
Ethiopia . Evaiulltions of cement r'lw materials in Ethi- Wuclmle (Welo. 2.300.000 t) and Mush Valley (Showa)
opia are given in GUlllerov and Aklilu Ascfa (198 1) and are relatively extensive, The a\"lilable dllta indicate that
Mengistu et al. (199). Reserves of limestone well-ex- Yayu (Illububur) and Delbi Moye coal deposils (Jlmma
plored for production of cement in the Mughcr valley zone) lire more economical than other deposits in the
and Dire D;lw;1 arc estimat ed to be over 100.000,000 llllt..! country. with resources estimated ,II about 32 and 20
46,000.000 t. respectively (EIGS, 1989): the Mekelc tilld million ton s. rcspecti\C\y. The reserves for the Mush
~VUkiro deposits contain 69.500.000 and 50.000.000 t of valley (Debre Birhan) deposil are estimated al 300.000
Ilmeslone. respectively. metric tons.
The coal scams arc enclosed in sandstones and shalcs
3.3.3. Grllllile.\ o f either basal sediments dcpo!\lIed on Precambrian
Abundant good quality grani tes occu r in various schists or in sedimen tary rock unilS within Cenozoic
Pans of Ethiopia. gcncr:llI} as syn- to l>ost-tt.'C tonic in ~ volcanics (Chclga: lute Miocene to Pliocenc lacu~trille
trusions. The Meleka. Iltllllaressa, KOlllbclcha, Yubdo sedi men ts).
and Medir granites arc considered to ha ve the best po- The coal consists mainly of liglllle IhM is of high Ash
tential for dimension slOnes. Al I lamaressa. close to the content. low fh;ed carbon lind average moisture and
town of Ilarrar. resources arc cslimated to be 2.500.000 vola tile content. Howe,"er. there arc COal a \\ IIh 10\\ ash
I of granite on two separate sites (Walle, 1996: Mengistu contents and high calorific \lalues in the llC'Ccptablc
'lnd Fcnta\\,. 2(00). range for utilizHtion in the energy sector.

3.4. Gelll,\/olll!$ alld .~l'/1Ii-prl!{'iol/\ .HOII/!.~ 3.5.2. Oil {l1It1 gas

Scdi menwry rocks of Ethiopiu ure distributed 111
Gcmstoncs :md semi -precious stones arc apparently several main basins: the Ogaden. lhe Abay (Blue Ni le).
rare in Ethiopia, tI nd \ery fc\\ details arc known ahollt the Mekclc und southern rift basins. Hydrocarbons (oil
th Clr
' OCCurrence. Ncvertheless. minerals of gemstones and g:.s) have been generated in Paleozoic (Bokh sha le).
(c.g. beryl, aqu:lmarinc, lOurmu line. garnet. spi nel. Jura ssic (Urandab Fonmllion) nnd Cenozoic rocks
t~pa£. chalcedony and agate) ure reported \0 occur in (l iabab Formation) and the sedimcnUlI1 column
SldalllO (Kentidlil. Kibre Menglst area). I farrar . Tigray amotlnts to over 5000 m (Getaneh. 1985). Many porous
310 S Tarlt'n.. /'1 /1£ I JrJUmal of A/fican tim/r Sdencl!$ J(j ( 2003 ) 173 -113

reservoirs a re known. both in Jurassic carbonates. par- of the Arabo-Nubian Shield. accreted toget her during
ticu larly the Middle and Upper Hamanlei fomunions, the East and West Gondwana collision (Neoprotero-
consisting of grainstone. packstone. bioclastic wacke- zoic. 900-500 Ma). host various metallic resourceS
stone and dolomite beds, and in pre-Jurassic clastic (precious. rare. base and ferrous ferro-alloy metals).
rocks (e.g. the Triassic Adigral sandstone and the latc Industrial minerals and rock resources occur in more
Palcozoic--carly Mesozoic Clliub sa ndstone), consisting diversified geologica l environments. including the Pro-
of quartarenite or feldspathic sandstone and some shale terozoic basement rocks. the L.1tc Paleozoic to Mcsozoic
beds (Getaneh, 1985), sediments and rCi;:ent (Cenozoic) volcanics and associ-
A commercial gas condensate field has been discov- ated sediments.
ered al Calub in the Ogaden basin with cnonnous re- The occurrences of energy resou rces (oi l. coa l. geo-
serves estimated over two trillion cubic fecI or 35 billion thennal resources) are restricted to Phanerozoic basin
metric Ions of gas (Ethiopian MiniStry of Mines lind sedimen ts and Cenozoic volcanism and rifting arens.
Energy. 1995),
Other basins are less explored aud have scarce data
with respect to hydrocarbon potential.
Ackno" Icdg<!ments
The whole Ogaden basin (SE Ethiopia) hits potential
for oil and gas.
Our thanks go to the Eth iopian Geological Survey
and the Addis Ababa Universi ty. who facilitated the
3.5.3. Oil shale scientific exchange. and to tile BRGM Dircctorate
Oil shale is said to occur between Lake Ziway and for Research Activities. which funded the project
Lake Abyiata in the valleys of the Bulbul river and its implemented during Tadessc's sabbatical stay lit
tributaries. The deposits occur intercalated within BRGM .
Cenozoic volcanics. No details arc known for the Bulbul We further wish 10 Ih,lIlk all our colleagues at BRGM
river dcposits. and the Ethiopian Geological Survey and the Universi t)
of Addis Ababa, who contributed to this work by s up-
plying bibliographic and other data. as well ns their
3.6. GeQlllcrllwf re,fOfJrCeS
support during the drafting as well as the datil digitizing
and map managcmcnt stages.
Ethiopia is considered to be one of the favoured
countries with respect 10 high geothermal energy po-
tential. The country's high enthalpy geothermal energy
is mainly conccntrdted in the Main Ethiopian Rift and ApJM!ndix A. Tet:hniqucs utilized in digitizing the geology
the Afar rift. and mineral mllp of Ethiopia
Detailed exploration sLUdies within the Ethiopian
Rift show thai the arcas of Aluto-Langano, Corbetti In fact. the digitizing is a procc...s of building the
caldera, Gedemsa caldera and Lake Abayel (Lakes re- database of the geology and mineral mnp of Ethiopia.
gion). Tendaho graben (Welo). and Dallol (Danukil) arc Here arc the steps involved in developing the digiwl
the mOSt promising for l:tpping a tremendous <unount of database:
geothennal power.
In the Aluto-Langano. the capClcity of the existing A./. Geological dora
deep wells is close to 30 MW; the energy potential of the
field is estimated to be between 10 and 20 Mwekm-3 for Dafa illplll.
over 30 years (E IGS. 1989). Similarly. the capacity of
the existing producing wclls in Tendaho is about 5 MW • Scanning gcologicl.l l map of Ethiopia to derive a ras-
(Aquater. 1996). ler image with 256 colours in TIF format olltside
BRGM :
• Defining the projcct projcction that will serve (IS a
4. Conclusions base for all digitlll cnrtographic works: Mercator PrO-
jcction Datum NAD27 Ellipsoid Clarke 1866:
ThiS synthesis with auached CD-Rom gives an up-to- • Extracting contour lines. Poli ticlIl boundaries and
date compilation of Ethiopian mineml resources (loca- Drainage from DeW (Digital Chart of the World).
tion. description) in their geological context (mctallic
minerals. indus trial rocks and mincrals, construclion Georefi·rellcillg:
and building mlllcrinis. gemstones. cncrgy rcsourcl.'S).
The metamorphIc mew-volcano-sedimentary bellS • Under MicroStution and MS Gcocoord inator. crea t-
and associated intrusives belonging to various terrones ing grid in MerC<ltor and projecting all vector datu
 S 7lldnwl'l /II I jmlrlm/flf ~f'iftlll £mllr S(i(·I11·(·~ Jo / 2IKjJ ! 17J J/) 311

(topographic dilla. drmnage and administration • Under MicroStation. importing the polygons created
boundaries data) onto the base: \\ith Arclnfo. Functioll the la bel poinls. the polygons
• Under M icroStation Descartes. georeferenc:ing r.. stcr may be filled with a colour and/or u p..iltern): a spe-
geological map to the Mercator base cartographic cific colour chart has been defined ror the Arrica
map with grid und topogr;lphic data. R&D project:
• Under Excel. creating the legend:
Prelimillory ediling: • Under MicroStation. imponlllg the legend from E",-
cel and creating Ihe map layout (placing technical
• Colour. legend :lIld labels editing using MicroStation: signs. volcanoes. patterninf!, fnull s. litles. logos. .... ).
o Hydrographic data (blue). pOJiticHI boundaries
(black) and grid (magenta): At this stage. the synthetic geological map is fin"lizcd .
o Ra ster data wilh new grid:
• With MicroStation amI an liP I)lotter (11]12500)
printing al I :2.000.000 scale: 11.1. Minertl/ n'.wmrCl'.f dafa
o Hydrographic data (blue). political boundaries
(black) and grid (magenta) on transparent sup- • Scanning all avaitable documents of Ethiopia (black
port: and white) on ANATECII scanner (only grey level):
o Raster <1:11<1 \\ Hh new grid on paper. • Under MicroStation Descartes. georererencing
(warping) raster data in Mercator with grid and topo-
AtMillg illlurl//(/lioll and 1IJ11:r{/(lillg: graphic data:
• Transrerring. Ihe georefcrenced raSter data to Mnp-
, By h:lIld. druwing (in black) simplified geology on Inro:
transparent output (by matching the hydrographic • Under Maplnfo. picking the occurrences on the ras-
network and grid betwecn Ihe two supports). Dnm'- ter data :lIld enterin g the associated attribu tes (litho-
ing the geological contacts. faults. symbol:; and plac- logy. substllnce. etc.):
ing a label poinl ror each geological unit: • Under Maplnfo. cttlculating the coord mates (longi-
• Scanning the drawing (in binary) with removing hyd- tude and latitude) for each occurrence and transrer-
rographic and grids (blue and magenta): ring the results in Maplnro table;
• Under MicroSlalion. IIRASH and IIGEOVEC: • Transrerring the Maplnfo table to MicroStallon
o Georefcrencing the raster dal:l: (through Excel file):
o Interactive vcctoril.lng the geological boundaries • Under MicroStation. creating tlte s.ymbols used for
(one layer for each objcct category: con tact. fault. minerals:
etc.): • Undcr MicroStation. with 11 macro (dcveloped by
o Placing interactively the label point:;: BRGM) import the Excel file (place one symbol by
o Transferri ng the data to Arclnfo (Bounduries and substance with in order to specify lhe class of size):
label points). • Updating or the da ul by lIllroducing in the database
com plementary inronnlltion extr.tcted from recent
Fil/al clJilillg ,/lid preparillg /lIYOIII.I filr prilllillR: publications and from economic journals:
• Under MicroStation. cre<l!ing the legend for miner-
• With Ardnro. generating the polygon topology: als.
b:uch process \~ hich ;
o C:Llculates the intersections between the line net- At this stage. the synthetic digital mineral map IS
work: finalized.
o Creates the polygons (by chai ning the lin!'!s "round
euch hlbel points): • Under MicroStation. prll1ting the map was done us-
o Detects the erro rs (polygons .... itholLl label tlnd ing H I' plotter ( 1-11>2500):
polygons wilh different labels).

If there ,I re errors: A.3. CD·RO M

• Importll1g the errors in MlcroStulion and correcting • Transferri ng the dllta to Maplnro (laycrs: topogra-
them: phy. geolob,),. raults. symbols and mineral depoSits)
• Running Arclnfo process <Inother time. from MicroStlHion:
• Under Descartes. creating the mnp ~ ic .... cr from the
Until all the l!rrors lire corrected . geologic'll and minerul mnp:
When all the errors Me corrected : • Creati ng CD-ROM (using liP CD Writer Plus 72(0).
312 S TtJ/ks.~ d ul I Juurnu/ II} ArricUlI &111" Sr/l'nu.f 36 (20031173 1/3

AA .S·%l"(lre Iklcte, K II. , MOI!CSSIC, A., Il olllkes, G .• lI ethn ger, K , 2000

Pilitinlim-grolip mmernls lind ehrome-spinels III the Yubdo 11111"11-
mafIC rocks, .... estem Ethiopia. J. Afr. Earth Sci. 30, 10 II
The following software were uscd 10 make lhe digital Clark. A M.S. 1978. C hemic-oi l and mincmlogic:ll dC\'clo pmcnt of the
database of the map: Sidamo nickehferou~ 'ltrpclllinitC'l (Et hiopia). Mlncr. Deposit:l D,
Bentley software: 22 1 234
Conard. F.. Abdulhu)'. GJ .• Anignnn. D .• Gfl ot. J.L .. ROlIbichou,
• MicroStation (editing v(:ctor data); Ph .. Tnnquurd. R .. Vadala, p , 1993. The Al II llJar gold depOSIt
(K ingdom of Saudi Ambia): a newl)'-diSCO\'ered example of
• Descartes (editing raster data, colou r and black/ , upergenc enrichment from II mussi\e sulfllle deposit of Lutc
white): 11-oteroloic age. Chron Rech. Mill. 510. 13 24.
• MicroStatio n gcocoordinator (using to manage pro- COllard, F . Braux. C .• Conia!. Ph., Deschanl~ . Y .• EI Samanf. " ..
jcclion systems). lI o nin. AM. Omar Younis, M .. 1986. Les tllnas $ulful\lS
pol}metlllllque5 el les mlm:l1I11s:uions aunfCrC'l lIu dbtriet d'Ariab
fRed Sea I hils. Soudan}. Ihstonqlle de la d6;ou~erlc. cadf(
l ntergraph software (which runs on MicroStation): geologique et pnncjpau~ canct~res des gi~men1s. Chron. Reeh.
Min 483. 19-4{).
• IIRAsa (cditlllg raster data. on ly black/whilC); DI Paola, G. M .• 1972. Geology of the Corbel\i l.Ol ldera urea (Main
• JlGEOVEC (intcraclive vcclorizing- lransform ras- ElhloplDn Rift ) Bull. Volcan ..15 (2) , 497- 506.
Ier to vector). Du val Corporation, USA. 1969. Yubdo c\alualion report. In: Fidds,
13 1). (Ed.), Wele8ll I'm\mcc. Ethiopnt. 8 p.
EthiOPlllll Mmernl R~':\Ources Development Corporullon (E MRDC),
ESRI software 1985. Resuhs of geo10gK:111 prospectmg and exploration for
pnmary gold In Ihe 8edak~ . upper Bon: and u gH Dembi IItCH.
• Arclnfo (G IS). Unpublished mlemal report.
A.D .D.E software: Ethiopi.m Mmisl!), ofMmes lind Energ),. 1995. Petrokum potentlill of
Ethiopiu . Pelrok um Operotion Department Unpublished report.
• Map lnfo (G IS). Ethiopian InSlltlite of Gcolo!K::II Sun-'e)' (I~IG S) 1989. Generullzcd
ANATECf-I Software: geological and mineral oocurrcnccs of Ethiopia. Ml1Iislry of MiJld
• Scansmi th scan and Sca nsmith vicw 9 to &ean and vi· and Energy. Unpublished TCfX'n.
sualize the raster. Fentaw. 11 M ., Mengislu. T ., 1998. Comparison of Ilombowhu nnd
Kombek:hu. kaohns of Ethiop1u J . Appl. etay Sci. 13, 149- 164.
Fentaw. 11M . Mcngiltu, T.. 2000. The kyanlte deposit of Chembl,
Ethlopill . Chron Reeh. Min. 540.47 52.
Fenlaw, 11M .• Mohammed, S .. 1999. Geology lmd economic aspect cor
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 \. T",ln),· "~I III I Jill/fIIlIl ,,(·lfrl<"lIlI ElIfl" ~,il'/I< ,'{ ./1'1 (:!/K!j. :!7J J/./

c\ent ;lnd Inlplll'aIlOl" fM plume birth .tnd glnhl,1 ch~nge. N"turc Ik"cochc. G., I'J~9 Lc<; conL~ntri'''om.aunfcrcs supergencs hec~ au,\;
389. 8~8 Soli mIl\Cr.lh";lhOIl~ \ulturCe:. polYlnelalhqul!!. de la tX'mlure ,okano-
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I.">..:bl\' 1\lrh'''I. Mnmtr) of Mill'::, aud Energ}. AddiS Abab.1. n
Unpublbht-d rl'porl, pp. 1--4 Sh'lcklcton. R 1\'1 . 1':N4 RC\II:" of Ihe Lite Prot~ro/olC ,ulu/"O..
Knol. W.• Ahem. S.• 19$3 R~porl on dlatomlle and bcl1tOIlLI~ .;1;,) on opllLohllC melanges and lL'Clnnlcs of EilSlern Egypt and ~Ilrthern
Gidich() 1,lanJ. LuI..; \bay" nos. Add" Abab,1. Unpubh\hl-d Sud:lI\. GeoL RUlldschau 83. ~.n .<'-\(}.
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l..tdru, P , /I."k~l, J 1' .. Johan, v.. Sab'II.... P. Mulu~ki. II , 1'.197. West Gond";II1i1 J Afr Luth Sci. ~l 271287.
Foreland th"lII) ~nJ g"ld·~"nng c<>nglcll1lenucs: II new model for Slern, R .J .. II}LJ4 Arc "~~IIll'lly and conlmel11JI colhMOII~ III lhe
lhe Jaeobm~ 1l',sln (S;tO Frnncisco prol'IIlL'C. Br:,ll!) PI"\.'i;llmbrlilU NenprOlero:wic Eo"t AfrW-in Orogen. Implical10n for thc oonstd·
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Oemi'll pnml'ry gold deposIt.
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rt:POrt. 12 p. 90
MCngiSlu, T. Abertl. 5 .. Tenia". 11M. Fsuyawkal. T. T.ttlele. Tudes>!:, S.. 2001 t:pllherm;1I gold OCl:Ufl1.'ncn mIlle lukes Dl~lm:t elf
II .. Mllh,ln. 11 /11. WulL II .. Tesfu),c, I , M:111111l0. W, Mclk". lhe MUIII Elh,opl<," Rift O,>l:OI·el"} of a metullog~mc prOIlIlCl:.
T .. 1993. Assessmenl uf L'CllIcnl nll~ llIalcrMls 111 lhc surroundlllg S INET Elhiop. J Sci. N!I). 69 91
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ll.'SOurcc polcnll,,1 of EthlOpm. Chrol1 Rech t-.·\UI. 54(). 33--40. eheml)lr) Pb I'b SIIIj;1e lOrton ILSI.-;' lind Nu Sr IsotOpe composition
Mill'S •. J 1' . LeUru. 1' .• Feyhc,s<:. J.L .. Donl111.lI\gcl. A .. M.lreou~. E.. of Pn:emnbriltn rodtS from soulhern and caMern ElhlOpUl' ,mph·
1992. Lart) ProtcrolOic ore dcpo"l, ~1l<11c..'lonK.":s of the Bmnl1an C;I\tOl1S ror crust:.] elolulion III East Arnea J Afr Earth Sci 26.
Orogenic bell. I're.:ambnan Re.. 58. lO5 .l.j..i 207 227.
MIllion, II t-. I . 1'J89 Di,Hom.te e~plonltlon m Ihe Mam EthlOpilln Wallc, II 19<J6. MaJor d.mension slone potenl1al or ElhiopiJ. FIGS.
Rift In 211d World Congr. On NOll· M el~lhc MlIler" ls. Ikljing, AdJi, Ab:ob:1 Unpubh~hed report. I J I'
Chlll',. pp. 50 62 Wolilegabncl, G .. Aronson, J L. Waller. It c.. 1990. Geolog}.
~ll1Lye. B . Damel. II 5 .• r c~h .• , T .. 1'>1115. Reporl on co,,1 occurrene« geochenllSlry. und nft b;'5111 Jelelopmem In the CC:OIral StI.:Ior
ofDl:bre Lcbanos. ~ l lmm) of M,ncs ulld Energ}. Aur.hs Ababa of the Mam EthlOPMn Rlrl Gool. Soc. Am Bull 102.439458.
Unpubllshct.l r~porl. pp J I I WOlelH. A. 1991 \ hghhl!hb 011 .;oa] lind oil$hak: oceurrenctS of
Moges:,le. A , !kletc, K II . :!OOO PIlLtlllLtl1\ anu gold Il\II\emli7..olll0n til Eth,opla (emll log"e!. M1I11~tl") or Ml1lcs and [nerl)". Aud~ Ababa
lhe Yuhdo m;,fic·u!tnun"I'ic rocks. "cstern Ethlopm: historiClll Unpubh~ht-d report. pp. (\ 7. 14 188.
PCr>pcc\ll'~ :lnd some nc" resulls. ("hron Rt-..:h Mill. 540. 5.1 62, Wolci ... 1\. 1992. S'glllfl<."ani coal d~poslls and their economlClll lind
MOhr. P.A. 196.'- The geolog) of EII\lopm. 1I:lIle Scl:IS5IC I l1mv .. nunl1lg posslblhllCS 111 Etluoplil. MII1ISlI") of Milles and Enerll)'.
Addis Ab.lOa, 2MI p. AddiS Ab;lth, Unpubh'hed report, pp I .-17.
MOhr, p.. 7.:1ne\lll\. Il, 1988. The EthIopian flood b"-';lll pro\II\Co!. In Wokill. A. 1\1'95. All OW(\IC .... of the geogrilphk--al dlslnbullon.
Mac l)(lLlg.11l. J 1) (Ed.). Conllnenllli rtood lIasalts. Kltm·er AL':ld geologICal SCllms ~nd chenllcal ehllr:l"cnstlC!> of Elhloplan coals

Nipl~~L ~~~I~:g I ~~ .•
SI NEl ElhlOPliLll J. SI,,, 18.27 ;!1l
1972. Prelumn;lry .n\csllgn1l0n on Yubdo ZI'l1l!tllil. n. 19'H On the e\olul\on of llle Elhl0pt.;1n ,olean"
pl~ttllum dcpo\1I EthulpUIIl Insltlute of Geologlc;.1 Suney. prolltlct:. Ill; Goolog} lind MllIeral Resoul"l."C:. of 5.>maha dud
MLlli~lry of MlI\c~ and [nerg), AddiS Ab;Ib;,. Unpubhshed report. 'iurT<lunding Region) I~t AllTOn Ohremil~. FI~nt.e. Rcl,ll. Co'
20 p. Monl'>gr .. 1'01 II~. pp. 279 310.