UNIT 3 – INTEGRATION TECHNIQUES

There are instances that the integral which we encountered cannot be directly evaluated
using Formulas In fact, we experienced the need to transform the integrand into a
form that is integrable. This chapter explores some of the techniques for finding more
complicated integrals. By studying the techniques, one will be able to solve a greater variety
of applied Calculus problems. Some of the techniques may look a bit scary at first sight, but
they are just the opposite of the basic differentiation formulas and transcendental
differentiation formulas.
3.1. Integration by Parts
When are differentiable functions of ,
( )
( )
∫ ∫ ( ) ∫
Formula:
𝐮𝐝𝐯 𝐮𝐯 𝐯𝐝𝐮

Integration using the above formula is called integration by parts. It is only by experience and
practice that one can develop the skill in telling that integration by parts will work. To
effectively use it, the given integral must be separated into two parts: one part being the ,
and the other together with the being the There are three general rules that must be
observed in selecting the parts:
1. The chosen must be readily integrable using a fundamental integration
formula.
2. The second term on the formula for integration by parts, that is ∫ must not be
more complicated than the given integral∫ .
3. If ∫ is still not integrable by a fundamental integration formula, re-apply on it
the method of integration by parts.
4. When using integration by parts, an acronym that is very useful is LIATE. This
mnemonic device is a guide when one decides in picking the u. L = Log, I = Inverse
Trig, A = Algebraic, T = Trigonometric, E = Exponential. The factor closer to E is
the one usually integrated (it is the dv) and the factor closer to L is the one that is
usually differentiated (it is the u). In general, one tries to choose u and dv such
that du is simpler than u and dv is easy to integrate.

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UNIT 3 – INTEGRATION TECHNIQUES

Example 1. Evaluate ∫
Solution: Using the LIATE as guide,

Observe that factor (an Algebraic function) is closer to L (a Logarithm), hence we choose it
as for the integration formula; and the factor that is left ( ) composed the .
Applying the integration by parts formula ∫ ∫ :

∫ —

* ( ) +

[ ]

Example 2. Evaluate ∫ .
Note that factor on the mnemonic tool is L (a Logarithm), hence we choose it as for the
integration formula; and factor that is left ( ) will be the .
Solution:

Therefore, applying the integration by parts∫ ∫ :

* +

* + [ ]

[ ] ( )

( ) ( )

( )

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UNIT 3 – INTEGRATION TECHNIQUES

Example 3. Evaluate ∫ ( )
Solution:
( )

( )

Thus, ∫ ( ) ( ) ∫ ( )
Observe that ∫ ( ) is not readily integrable by a formula. We re-apply integration by
parts
With: ( )
( )

∫ ( ) ( ) [ ( ) ∫ ( ) ]
∫ ( ) ( ) ( ) ∫ ( )
Doing transposition of terms yields equation:
∫ ( ) ∫ ( ) ( ) ( )
2∫ ( ) ( ) ( )
Dividing the above equation by 2 results to equation:

∫ ( ) [ ( ) ( )]

∫ ( ) [ ( ) ( )]

⁄
Example 4. Evaluate ∫
Solution: Based on the mnemonic tool LIATE,

⁄ ⁄ ⁄
Hence, ∫ * + ∫
⁄
Integrate ∫ as Type I Product of Powers of Trigonometric Functions
⁄ ⁄

( )( )

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UNIT 3 – INTEGRATION TECHNIQUES

⁄ ⁄

( )

⁄
* ( )( )+

⁄
* +

⁄ ⁄ ⁄
Therefore, ∫ * + * +

( )[ ] * ( )+

Example 5. Evaluate ∫ .
Solution: Based on LIATE guideline, we choose as (the factor closer to Logarithm)

Therefore, ∫ * + ∫ √

The second term∫ is integrated once again by integrating by parts. Observe the
√

technique done to bring to a form integrable using the general power formula.

√
√
⁄

* + [* √ + √ ]

* + * √ + [ √ ]

( ) [ ] * ( ) +

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UNIT 3 – INTEGRATION TECHNIQUES

Example 6. Evaluate ∫ .
Solution: Based on LIATE, the (an Algebraic function, closer to Logarithm).

∫ ∫[ ]
∫
∫ | |
Example 7. Evaluate∫ .
Solution: From the LIATE guideline, (a Trigonometric function)

∫ ∫

The term ∫ is integrated again by parts.

∫ * ∫* ∫ ++

Observe that the last term above is the integral that is for evaluation except that it has a
different numerical coefficient. In this case, transpose it to the other side of the above
equation and combined the terms at its left side. Hence,

∫ ∫

Solving for ∫

∫ * +

Simplify the right side of the equation by applying distributive law.

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UNIT 3 – INTEGRATION TECHNIQUES

SAQ13

NAME: ____________________________________________________ SCORE: ______________

SECTION: ___________DATE: _______________ PROF: __________________________________

Evaluate the following integrals using integration by parts method.

2. ∫ ( )

3. ∫

4. ∫ ( )

5. ∫

Integral Calculus Module 8 – Integration by Parts Page 85

UNIT 3 – INTEGRATION TECHNIQUES

6. ∫( )

7. ∫

8. ∫

9. ∫

10. ∫

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UNIT 3 – INTEGRATION TECHNIQUES

ACTIVITY 3.1

NAME: ____________________________________________________ SCORE: ______________

SECTION: ___________DATE: _______________ PROF: __________________________________

Evaluate the following integrals using integration by parts method.

1. ∫
√

2. ∫ √

3. ∫

4. ∫( ) ( )

Integral Calculus Module 8 – Integration by Parts Page 87

UNIT 3 – INTEGRATION TECHNIQUES

⁄
5. ∫

6. ∫

7. ∫

⁄
8. ∫

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UNIT 3 – INTEGRATION TECHNIQUES

ANSWERS TO SAQ13
1.

2.

3. | |

( ) | |
4.

√
5.

6. ( )

7.

8. √

9. | |

10. ( )( )

ANSWERS TO ACTIVITY 3.1

1. ( )√

2. √ ( )

3. ( )

4. ( ) ( )

5.

6.

7. √

⁄
8. ( )

Integral Calculus Module 8 – Integration by Parts Page 89