19
24 The photomicrograph is of a glomerulus in a kidney.
Describe the structure of a glomerulus.
You may refer to the photomicrograph in your answer.
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[Total: 2]
25 The liver is involved in the processing of amino acids.
Describe how excess amino acids are broken down.
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[Total: 2]
20
26 Outline the role of the liver in excretion.
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[Total: 3]
27 The diagram below is of a kidney tubule and its blood supply.
blood
2
blood
The concentration of solutes in the fluids at regions 1, 2, 3 and 4 were determined. The results are
shown in the table below.
-3
substance concentration/ g dm
glucose 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.0
protein 82.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
salts 8.0 8.0 9.6 16.5
21
urea 0.2 0.2 0.2 20.0
(a) State the substance or substance(s) in the table above which:
(i) has molecules which are too large to be filtered;
................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) has molecules which are small enough to be filtered but is completely reabsorbed from
the fluid in the kidney tubule;
................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) increases in concentration as fluid moves along the kidney tubule.
1 .............................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) State three structures through which the fluid from region 4 passes as it leaves the body.
1.........................................................................................................................................
2.........................................................................................................................................
3......................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 6]
28 Explain how a dialysis machine filters blood.
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[Total: 4]
22
29 (a) Explain the function of the renal capsule in the kidney.
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........................................................................................................................................... [3]
29 (b) Glucose is reabsorbed, back into the blood, by active transport.
Define active transport.
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........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Give one example, other than glucose, of a substance that is reabsorbed into the blood from
the renal tubule.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]
23
30 Dialysis is a treatment for kidney disease.
The diagram below shows a dialysis machine.
dialysis machine
blood pump
arm used dialysis
fluid
fresh dialysis
fluid
The composition of the dialysis fluid changes as it passes through the dialysis machine.
Complete the table below using the words 'low', 'high', 'same' or 'none' to show how the concentration
of each substance changes in the dialysis fluid.
The last one has been done for you.
concentration of substance in:
blood before
substance used dialysis fluid fresh dialysis fluid
dialysis
glucose normal
salts high
urea high
toxins high high low
[3]
[Total: 3]
