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SIWES I.T REPORT ON

WEB DESIGN
Ejiro Ndifereke
Oct. 3, 2016 • 144 likes • 58,209 views

SIWESTECHNICALREPORT

RIVERSSTATEUNIVERSITYOFSCIENCEAND

TECHNOLOGY

P.M.B.5080,NKPOLU-OROWOROKWO,PORTHARCOURT

DEPARTMENTOFCOMPUTERSCIENCE

SIXMONTHSREPORTONSTUDENTSINDUSTRIALWORK

EXPERIENCESCHEME(SIWES)

AT

AD'MASITPLACE

OPPOSITEBORICAMPRUMUOLA,PORTHARCOURT,
RIVERSSTATE.

EJEDAFETAEJIRONDIFEREKE

DE.2014/2883

SIWESSUPERVISOR:

MR.ONATEE.TAYLOR

SEPTEMBER,2016.

EJEDAFETAEJIRON. Page1

 1 of 55  

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SIWES I.T REPORT ON WEB DESIGN

1. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 1
RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY P.M.B.
5080, NKPOLU-OROWOROKWO, PORT HARCOURT DEPARTMENT
OF COMPUTER SCIENCE SIX MONTHS REPORT ON STUDENTS
INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES) AT AD’MAS IT
PLACE OPPOSITE BORI CAMP RUMUOLA, PORT HARCOURT,
RIVERS STATE. EJEDAFETA EJIRO NDIFEREKE DE.2014/2883
SIWES SUPERVISOR: MR. ONATE E. TAYLOR SEPTEMBER, 2016.
2. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 2
RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY P.M.B.
5080, NKPOLU-OROWOROKWO, PORT HARCOURT DEPARTMENT
OF COMPUTER SCIENCE SIX MONTHS REPORT ON STUDENTS
INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES) AT AD’MAS IT
PLACE OPPOSITE BORI CAMP RUMUOLA, PORT HARCOURT,
RIVERS STATE. EJEDAFETA EJIRO NDIFEREKE DE.2014/2883
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B.Sc) DEGREE, IN
THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE, OF THE RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITY OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, NKPOLU-OROWORUKWO, PORT
HARCOURT.
3. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 3
DEDICATION This report is dedicated foremost to God almighty
for his favour, mercy and grace upon my life especially during my
six (6) months SIWES programme at Ad’mas IT Place. I would also
like to dedicate it to my parents and siblings for their love and
support and everyone else that contribute towards making my
SIWES training a fun and successful one
4. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 4
AKNOWLEDGEMENT My appreciation goes to the industrial
Training Fund for their foresight in putting this program in place. I
am grateful to Ad’mas for providing me with the necessary skills
to be exposed in my field. I also want to say a big thank you to my
industry based supervisors Mr. Kelvin and Mr. Segun and my able
colleague for making my stay at Ad’mas an exciting and blissful
one. To my parents and siblings thank you all for your moral and
financial support. I cannot wish for a better family. I am deeply
indebted to God almighty, the giver of all wisdom, knowledge and
understanding, without whom i would have achieved nothing at
all. Finally to my Institution based supervisor for his support and
to my other friends and colleagues. Thank you all, I am highly
grateful.
5. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 5
ABSTRACT This industrial report presents the experience gained
during my six (6) months of industrial training undertaken at
Ad’mas IT Place opposite Bori Camp Rumuola, Port Harcourt,
Rivers State. My training was on Web Design and advanced Web
Design. I acquired practical knowledge on how to design a web
site and how to add and manage records in a database. This
report discusses the technical skills gained during the training
period and justifying the relevance of the scheme in equipping
students with needed technical competence to thrive in the real
world
6. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 6
TABLE OF CONTENT Cover Page Title Page
Dedication………………………………………………………………
……………...1
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………
………………..2
Abstract…………………………………………………………………
………….......3 Table of
Content…………………………………………………………………
.…….4 Chapter 1
Introduction……………………………………………………………
……….…..….1 Purpose of
training...………………………………………………….………….…
…...6 Brief story of
Siwes……………………….………………………….………….….....
..7 Bodies involved in
siwes...….………………………………………….….……….…....7
Aims and objectives of
siwes…………………………………………………………….8
Benefits of Industrial
Training………………………………………………….….….....9
Description of the establishment of the
attachment……………………………………..10 Objectives and
vision of Ad’mas IT
Place………………………………………….......10 Company’s area
of
specialization…………………………………………………….….11
Departments in the
company………………………………………………………….....11
Chapter 2 Industrial
Experience……………………………………………………………
………2 Web design
department…………………………………………………………….
........12 Definition of
terms……………………………………………………………………
.....12 HTML and its
properties…………………………………………………………….
…...13 CSS and its
properties………………………………………………………………
.…...16 Website design using HTML and
CSS…………………………………………….….....19 JavaScript
and its
properties…………………………………………………………......2
2 JavaScript work using HTML, CSS and
JavaScript……………………………………..31 PHP and its
properties………………………………………………………………
…...34 PHP code and its
design………………………………………………………….……...4
0 Database and its
properties………………………………………………………………
40
7. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 7 My
full website with HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, and sent to
Database…...............42 Chapter 3 Skills acquired and challenges
encountered…………………………………………3 Technical
skills
acquired……………………………………………………………...44
Social and functional skills
acquired...........................................................................44 Personal
input to the company (Ad’mas IT
Place)…………………………………...45 Challenges
encountered………………………………………………………….
…...45 Chapter 4 Conclusion and
Recommendations………………………………..…………………4
Conclusion……………………………………………………………
…………….....46
Recommendations……………………………………………………
………............46
Reference………………………………………………………………
……………..47
8. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 8
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 PURPOSE OF TRAINING: The
student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) popularly
called Industrial Training (IT) by Nigerian students is a yearly
program design by the institution in collaboration with the
industries to give students the opportunity to gain practical
working experience in their various field of study or area of
specialization. It is an e!ort to bridge the existing gap between
classroom theories and practical’s in engineering, management
and other professional programs in the Nigerian tertiary
institutions. Training is a key factor in changing expertise of a
workforce. The world is passing through one of the worst
economic crisis in recent time. Both the developed and
developing economics are experiencing serious economic
downturns. Globalization has turned the world into one big
village and whatever happens in one economy will have e!ects in
other economics, and the growing concern among our
industrialist is that graduates of our institutions of higher
learning, lack adequate practical background studies, so as to
help in the industries led to the formation of Student Industrial
Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) by ITF 1993/1994. It is through
this Industrial Training that the educational systems aims at
helping students acquire appropriate skills, abilities and
competencies, both mental and physical, as well as equip the
individuals to live in society. The focus of the Industrial Training
Fund (ITF) is for the industries of our countries to succeed in the
face of the current economic meltdown. No society can achieve
meaningful progress without encouraging its youth to acquire
necessary practical skills. Such skills enable them to harness
available resources to meet the
9. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 9
needs of the society. It was against this background that SIWES,
otherwise referred to as industrial Training (IT), was introduced in
Nigerian tertiary institution. 1.1 SIWES: (Student Industrial Work
Experience Scheme) Since the aim of our national policy in
education is to build a strong and self- reliant nation, from the
government’s decree No.47 of 8th October, 1971 as amended
in1990, which led to the establishment of Industrial Training Fund
(ITF) in 1973/1974 and through the formation of this body (ITF), in
the year 1993/1994 and through the formation of this body (ITF),
in the year 1993/1974 SIWES was formed. In Nigeria, the current
form of Cooperative Education is known as the Students
Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES). The Students
Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a planned and
supervised training intervention based on stated and specific
learning and career objectives and geared towards developing
the occupational competencies of the participants. The aim is
make education more relevance and also to bridge the science-
related disciplines in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. SIWES forms
part of the approved minimum academic standards in the
institutions, and is a core academic requirement carrying fi"een
(15) credit units. This requirement must be met by all students in
various disciplines before graduation.
10. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 10 1.2
BODIES INVOLVED IN SIWES: The main bodies involved in Student
Industrial Work Experience Scheme are; The tertiary institutions
and the Federal Government through the Industrial Training Fund
(ITF). Other supervising agencies include: 1. National University
Commission (NUC) 2. National Board for Technical Education
(NBTE) 3. National Council for colleges for Education (NCCE) 4.
Industry/Employers (NECA, NACCIMA, MAN, Government
Establishments) 5. Tertiary Institutions (Universities,
Polytechnics, Colleges of Education) 6. Student Trainees
(Engineering, Science, Technology, NCE Technical). The functions
of these agencies above are to: 1. Ensure adequate funding of the
scheme 2. Establish SIWES and accredit SIWES unit in the
approved institutions 3. Formulate policies and guideline for
participating bodies and institutions as well as appointing SIWES
coordinators and supporting sta! 4. Supervise students at their
places of attachment and sign their log book and ITF forms. 5. Vet
and process students Log books and forward same to ITF area
o!ice 6. Ensure payment of all allowances for the students and
supervisors. 1.3 NATURE AND SCOPE OF SIWES: This is based on
the number of weeks or months that student is expected to stay
for its attachment. The minimum duration for SIWES should
normally be six months, twenty-four weeks (24) weeks for
University Engineers and Technologist. The cumulative total
duration
11. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 11 of
attachment over the entire period of the course should preferably
be not shorter than 240hrs full time which will take place during
term-time or long vocation. Induction sessions which is
conducted by teaching departments to install the concepts of key
skills (skills for learning, employment and life), work place safety
and professional expectations, legalities and ethics. 1.4 AIMS AND
OBJECTIVES OF SIWES: The specific objectives of SIWES were
summarized by the federal government as follows: 1. To provide
students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in real
work and actual practice. 2. To make the transition from school to
the world of work easier and to enhance students contacts for
later job placement. 3. Advanced countries, with over 100 years of
sustained industrial development and requisite technical and
human infrastructure, have been able to adequately implement
industrial training for their students. 4. They also include
providing a structural attachment program with emphasis
applications, management and hands-on experience for students
to apply knowledge acquired. 5. It also aids students to acquire
practical skill in other to strengthen their work value. 6. Moreover
it helps them to gain interpersonal and entrepreneurial skills and
also instil in them the right kind of work attitudes and
professionalism through interactions with peoples in the
organizations and observations of their future role in the tertiary.
12. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 12 1.5
BENEFITS OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING: Experts identified industrial
experience as necessity for proper job preparation. This is
because productivity is enhanced by experience graduate or new
entrance into the world of work really needs and early exposure
to the value and skills of the industry. Therefore, without
appropriate skills and experiences young graduates are not
properly trained on work, norms and role behaviour among
others, these components will ensure success at the job place.
Today Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is
changing the way many jobs are performed, thus altering the
knowledge and skills required of workers. Consequently, a new
level of competency is required of our students. This cannot be
su!iciently met by training facilities in our education institutions
hence, the need for collaborative e!ort between institutions and
industrial sector. The major benefits accruing to students who
participate conscientiously in industrial training are the skills and
competencies they acquire. These relevant production skills
(RPSs) remain a part of the recipients of industrial training as
lifelong assets which cannot be taken away from them. This is
because the knowledge and skills acquired through training are
internalized and become relevant when required to perform jobs
or functions. Several other benefits can accrue to students who
participate in industrial training. Provision of an enabling
environment where students can develop and enhance personal
attributes such as critical thinking, creativity, initiative,
resourcefulness, leadership, time management, presentation
skills and interpersonal skills, amongst others.
13. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 13 1.6
DESCRIPTION OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ATTACHMENT The
establishment is called Ad’mas I.T PLACE; it is an information and
communication technology company with broad expertise in ICT
consultancy. Ad’mas Digital Technologies ltd (RC 365322) is a
Nigerian based telecommunications and technology
conglomerate in co-operated in 1999 and o!ering a wide range of
automated and integrated solution in broad spectrum of
computers and telecommunication technology. This large
technology-oriented corporation is on record to be the cheapest
source for high quality goods and services and has a high
reputation for performance in customization, distribution and
a"er-sales services of laptop, desktops, printers, so"ware and all
kinds of system accessories, security gadgets and communication
equipment’s supplies, maintenance, so"ware development,
training and so"ware customization. 1.7 OBJECTIVES AND VISION
OF AD’MAS IT PLACE 1. To serve as a catalyst for both individual
and collective development through the provision of cutting edge
technological server’s solution, resources and guidance. 2. To
produce professionals in this era of global technologies. 3. To
o!er a wide range of automated and integrated solution in broad
spectrum of computer and telecommunication. 4. To build
bridges between need and the solution. 5. Ad’mas IT PLACE is
position to o!er unique and innovative solution to client in terms
of technologies. 6. Our vision is to become the leading full-service
information and communication technology.
14. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 14 1.8
COMPANY’S AREA OF SPECIALIZATION With a team of seasoned
computer Engineers and Programmers with proven track records
in computer and communication business, the company o!ers
the following wide areas of specialization 1. Repairs, Assembling
and Maintenance of computers 2. Sales and Lease of all up-to
date Computers, Computer peripherals and other consumables 3.
Sales of Photocopying and Fax Machines 4. So"ware
Development and Maintenance 5. Computer Networking and
Maintenance 6. VSAT Installation and Maintenance, Radio and
other communication equipment 7. Web Development 8. Internet
and E-mail Services 9. Training Services 1.9 DEPARTMENTS IN THE
COMPANY A. Computer repair and maintenances department B.
Networking department C. So"ware development department D.
Sales department E. Internet café F. Web design department G.
Computer appreciation department H. Desktop Publishing
department
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CHAPTER 2 INDUSTRIAL EXPERIENCE 2.0 WEB DESIGN
DEPARTMENT This department was where my Industrial Training
took place where i was grounded and expose to the website
world especially the creation of websites taking me step by step
with practical all through the process. 2.1 DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following are terms that were made use of, in this
department WEBSITE: A website is a set of related webpages
containing content such as texts, images, videos, audios, etc. A
website is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a
network such as the internet or a private LAN through an internet
address known as a URL (Universal Resource Locator). A publicly
accessible websites collectively constitutes the World Wide Web
(WWW). WEBPAGE: A webpage is a document, typically written in
plain text interspersed with formatting instructions of hypertext
nark up language (HTML, XHTML). A webpage may incorporate
elements from other websites with suitable anchors. Webpages
are accessed and transported with the hypertext transfer protocol
(HTTP), which may occasionally employ encryption (HTTP
secure, HTTPS) to provide security and privacy for the use of the
webpage content. The user’s application o"en a web browser
renders the page content according to its HTML mark-up
instructions into a display terminal.
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HTTP: This stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol which is the
set of rules for transferring files (text, graphic, images, sound,
video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web. URL:
This stands for Uniform Resource Locator and as the name
suggests, it provides a way to locate a resource on the web, the
hypertext system that operates over the internet. 2.2 HTML AND
ITS PROPERTIES HTML stands for Hypertext Mark-up Language,
and it is the most widely used language to write Web Pages.
Hypertext refers to the way in which Web pages (HTML
documents) are linked together. Thus, the link available on a
webpage is called Hypertext. As its name suggests, HTML is a
Markup Language which means you use HTML to simply "mark-
up" a text document with tags that tell a Web browser how to
structure it to display. Originally, HTML was developed with the
intent of defining the structure of documents like headings,
paragraphs, lists, and so forth to facilitate the sharing of scientific
information between researchers. Now, HTML is being widely
used to format web pages with the help of di!erent tags available
in HTML language.
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2.2.1 HTML TAGS: As told earlier, HTML is a markup language and
makes use of various tags to format the content. These tags are
enclosed within angle braces <Tag Name>. Except few tags, most
of the tags have their corresponding closing tags. For example,
<html>has its closing tag</html>and <body>tag has its closing
tag </body>tag etc. The following are the names of tags and their
description. Tag Description <html> This tag encloses the
complete HTML document and mainly comprises of document
header which is represented by <head>...</head> and document
body which is represented by <body>...</body> tags. <head> This
tag represents the document's header which can keep other
HTML tags like <title>, <link>, <script language =”javascript”> etc.
<title> The <title> tag is used inside the <head> tag to mention
the document title. <body> This tag represents the document's
body which keeps other HTML tags like <h1>, <div>, <p>, <table>
etc.
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2.2.2 HTML TABLE: The HTML table model allows web designers
to arrange data –text, preformatted text, images, links, forms,
form fields, other tables, etc. into rows and columns of cells. It is
defined with the <table> tag. Table are divided into table rows
with the <tr> tag. Table rows are divided into table data with the
<td> tag. A table row can also be divided into table headings with
the <th> tag. Table data <td> are the data containers of the table.
They can contain all sorts of HTML elements like text, images,
lists, other tables. CODE VIEW <h1> This tag represents a heading
<p> This tag represents a paragraph. <b>, <i>, <li>, <ul> Bold,
italic, list, unordered list
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DESIGN VIEW 2.3 CSS AND ITS PROPERTIES CSS stands for
Cascading Style Sheet used for formatting html document. It is a
style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a
document written in a mark-up language. Note: CSS code is not
written the same way as HTML code is. This makes sense because
css is not HTML, but rather a way of manipulating existing HTML.
2.3.1 REASONS FOR CSS The following are reasons why CSS is
better 1. It saves time 2. It eradicate the idea of using repeating
codes 3. It provides e!iciency in design and updates: with css, we
are able to create rules, and apply those rules to many elements
within the website. 4. It can lead to faster page downloads: since
rules are only downloaded once by the browser, then are the
cached and used for each page load, the use of css can lead to
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lighter page loads, and improved performance. This contributes
to lighter server loads and lower requirements, which overall
saves money for our clients. 5. It creates external file (server side)
for managing html content 2.3.2 METHOD USED BY CSS IN
FORMATTING HTML DOCUMENT 1. Inline Style: It is used to apply
a unique style to a single HTML element. An inline CSS uses the
style attribute of an HTML element. CODE VIEW DESIGN VIEW 2.
Embedded / Internal Style: It is used if one single page has a
unique style. Internal styles are defined within the <style>
element, inside the <head> section of an HTML page. CODE VIEW
DESIGN VIEW
21. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 21 3.
External Style: With an external style sheet, you can change the
look of an entire website by changing just one file. Each page
must include a reference to the external style sheet file inside the
<link> element. The <link> element goes inside the <head>
section. Also when using external css it is preferable to keep the
css separate from your HTML. Placing CSS in a separate file allows
the web designer to completely di!erentiate between content
(HTML) and design (CSS). External CSS is a file that contains only
CSS code and is saved with a “.css” file extension. This CSS is then
referenced in your HTML using the <link> instead of <style> as
earlier stated. EXTERNAL CSS FILE HTML CODE DESIGN VIEW 2.3.3
CSS SELECTORS AND HOW THEY CAN BE USED CSS selectors are
used to find or select HTML elements based on their element
name, id or class 1. Element Selector: The element selector
selects elements based on the element name. 2. Id Selector: The
id selector uses the id attribute of an HTML element to select a
specific element. The id of an element should be unique within a
page, so the id selector is used to select one unique element. e.g.
id=”hello” css #hello { color;red;} 3. Class Selector: The class
selector selects elements with specific class attribute. To select
elements with a specific class, write a period (.) character
followed by the name of the class. e.g. .center {text-align:center;}
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2.3.4 CSS RULES OVERRIDING 1. Any inline style sheet takes the
highest priority, so it will override any rule defined in <style>……
</style> tags. 2. Any rule defined in <style>………</style> tags
will override the rules defined in any external style sheet file. 2.3.5
CSS COMMENTS To simply put comment inside a style sheet you
use /*………..*/, you can use it to comment multi-line blocks in
similar way as you do in c and c++ programming language. 2.3.6
BACKGROUND AND FONT OF VARIOUS HTML ELEMENTS You can
set the following background properties of an element. 1. The
background-color: Is a property used to set the color background
of an element. 2. The background-image property: is used to set
the background image of an element. 3. The background repeat:
Is used to control the repetition of an image in the background. 4.
The background position: Is used to control the position of an
image in the background. 5. The background attachment: Is used
to control the scrolling of an image in the background. 6. The
background property: Is used as a short hand to specify a number
of other background properties.
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FONT WHICH ARE; 1. The Font-family property: This is used to
change the face of a font 2. The Font-style property: This is used
to make a font italic or oblique. 3. The Font-weight property: This
is used to increase or decrease how bold or light a font appears.
4. The Font-size property: This is used to increase or decrease the
size of a font. 2.3.7 TEXT DECORATION: This demonstrate how to
decorate a text in css, the values are none, underline, over line,
line through and blink. 2.3.8 PROPERTIES OF HYPERLINK USING
CSS 1. The link signifies unvisited hyperlinks 2. The link visited
signifies visited hyperlinks 3. The link hovered signifies an
element that currently has the user’s mouse pointer hovering
over it. 4. The link active signifies an element on which the user is
currently clicking.
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WEBSITE DESIGN USING HTML AND CSS HTML CODING VIEW
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CSS CODING VIEW
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DESIGN VIEW HOME PAGE PHOTO MENU
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JAVASCRIPT AND ITS PROPERTIES JavaScript is a dynamic
computer programming language. It is lightweight and most
commonly used as a part of web pages, whose implementations
allows client side script to interact with the user and make
dynamic pages. It is an interpreted programming language with
object oriented capabilities. It was developed by Brenan Eich
1995-1996; it is an implementation of ECMA Script (European
Computer Manufacturers Association). It was also known as
livescript later change to javascript. It is use for client side web
form validation. Javascript cannot run with been embedded in
the HTML. 2.5.1 FUNCTIONS OF JAVASCRIPT 1. It is most
commonly used as a client side scripting language, which implies
that javascript is written into an HTML page and when a user
request an HTML page with javascript in it, the script is sent to the
browser. 2. It used for form validation. 2.5.2 BROWSER
DETECTION This refers to a feature of a web browser to execute a
javascript code without any error irrespective of its version. 2.5.3
ADVANTAGES OF JAVASCRIPT 1. Less server interaction: You can
validate user input before sending the page o! to the server. This
saves server tra!ic, which means fewer loads on your server. 2.
Immediate feedback to the visitors: They don’t have to wait for a
page to reload to see if they forgotten to enter something.
28. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 28 3.
Increased interactivity: You can create interfaces that react when
the user hovers over them with a mouse or activates them via the
keyboard. 4. Richer interfaces: You can use javascript to include
such items as drag and drop component and sliders to give a rich
interface to your site visitors. 2.5.4 JAVASCRIPT DEVELOPMENT
TOOLS One of the major strengths of javascript is that it does not
require expensive development tools. One can begin with a
simple text editor such as notepad or notepad++. Since it is an
interpreted language inside the context of a web browser, you
don’t even need to buy a compiler. However to make life simpler,
various vendors have come up with very nice javascript editing
tools, they are macromedia Dreamweaver. 2.5.5 JAVASCRIPT
SYNTAX JavaScript can be implemented using javascript
statements that are placed within the <script>…………..</script>
HTML tags in a web page. You can place the <script> tags,
containing your javascript, anywhere within your web page, but it
is normally recommended that we should keep it within the
<head> tags The script tag takes two important attributes: 1.
Language: This attribute specifies what scripting language i am
using. 2. Type: This attribute is what is now recommended to
indicate the scripting language in use and its value should be set
to “text/javascript”.
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2.5.6 COMMENTS IN JAVASCRIPT JavaScript supports both c-style
and c++ style comments. Thus: 1. Any text between a // and the
end of a line is treated as a comment and is ignored by
JavaScript. 2. Any text between the characters /* and */ is treated
as a comment. This may span multiple lines. 3. JavaScript also
recognizes the HTML comment opening sequence <!--. JavaScript
treats this as a single-line comment, just as it dos the //comment.
4. The HTML comment closing sequence --!> is not recognized by
JavaScript so it should be written as //--> 2.5.7 MY JAVASCRIPT
PROGRAM TO OUTPUT MY NAME CODE VIEW DESIGN VIEW 2.5.8
HOW TO ENABLE JAVASCRIPT IN BROWSER I was taught that all
the modern browsers come with built-in support for JavaScript.
Frequently, we may need to enable or disable this support
manually. The following procedure will help us to enable and
disable JavaScript in our browsers.
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2.5.8.1 JAVASCRIPT IN INTERNET EXPLORER Here are the steps to
turn on JavaScript in Internet Explorer: Follow Tools-> Internet
Options from the menu. Select Security tab from the dialog
box. Click the Custom Level button. Scroll down till you find
the Scripting option. Select Enable radio button under Active
Scripting. Finally, click Ok. 2.5.8.2 JAVASCRIPT IN MOZILLA
FIREFOX Here are the steps to turn on JavaScript in Firefox:
Open a new tab -> type about: config in the address bar. Then
you will find the warning dialog. Select I’ll be careful, I promise.
Then you will find the list of configure options in the browser. In
the search bar, type javascript.enabled. There you will find the
option to enable javascript by right clicking on the value of that
option -> select toggle. Note: If javascript.disabled; it gets
enabled upon clicking toggle. 2.5.8.3 JAVASCRIPT IN GOOGLE
CHROME Here are the steps to turn on JavaScript in Chrome:
Click the Chrome menu at the top right hand corner of your
browser. Select Settings. Click Show advanced settings at the
end of the page. Under the Privacy section, click the Content
settings button. In the “JavaScript” section “Allow any site to
run to JavaScript.
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2.5.9 DATA TYPES IN JAVASCRIPT One of the most fundamental
characteristics of a programming language is the set of data types
it support. These are the type of values that can be represented
and manipulated in a programming language. They include:
Numbers: This represents numeric values e.g. 100. Strings: This
represents sequence of character e.g. Hello. Boolean: This
represents Boolean value either true or false Null: This
represents nothing i.e. it can be empty. Undefined: This
represents undefined values. Object: This represent values
return by functions. 2.5.10 JAVASCRIPT VARIABLES This is a
memory location used for holding values or used for storing
values in a memory. var (keyword) is used to hold a value or
declare a value, it makes it known to a compiler, interpreter. E.g.
var name ----- Declaration Name = “John” ----- Initialization
2.5.10.1 VARIABLE NAMES While naming the variables in
JavaScript, the following rules should be kept in mind. You
should not use any of the JavaScript reserved keywords as a
variable name. For example, break or boolean
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JavaScript variable names should not start with a numeral (0-9).
They must begin with a letter or an underscore character. For
example, 876ejiro is an invalid name but _876ejiro, ejiro is a valid
one. JavaScript variable names are case-sensitive. For example,
Ejiro and ejiro are two di!erent variables. CODE VIEW DESIGN
VIEW 2.5.11 OPERATORS Let me take a simple expression to give
its meaning 4 + 5 = 9. Here 4 and 5 are called operands and “+” is
called the operator. JavaScript support the following types of
operators they are:
33. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 33 1.
Arithmetic Operators: JavaScript supports the following
arithmetic operators using an expression. Assume variable A
holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then a. Addition (+) e.g. A + B =
30 b. Subtraction (-) e.g. A – B = -10 c. Multiplication (*) e.g. A * B =
200 d. Division (/) e.g. B/A = 2 e. Modulus (%) e.g. B%A = 0 f.
Increment (++) e.g. A++ = 11 g. Decrement (--) e.g. A-- = 9 2.
Comparison Operators: JavaScript support the following
comparison operators. Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B
holds 20, then; a. Equal (==): Checks if the value of two operands
are equal or not, if yes, then the condition becomes true. e.g. (A
== B) is not true. b. Not Equal (!=): Checks if the value of two
operands are equal or not, if the values are not equal, then the
condition becomes true. e.g. (A != B) is true. c. Greater Than (>):
Checks if the value of the le" operand is greater than the value of
the right operand, if yes, then the condition becomes true. e.g. (A
> B) is not true. d. Less Than (<): Checks if the value of the le"
operand is less than the value of the right operand, if yes, then
the condition becomes true. e.g. (A < B) is true. e. Greater Than or
Equal To (>=): Checks if the value of the le" operand is greater
than or equal to the value of the right operand, if yes, then the
condition becomes true. e.g. (A >= B) is not true.
34. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 34 f.
Less Than or Equal To (<=): Checks if the value of the le" operand
is less than or equal to the value of the right operand, if yes, then
the condition becomes true. e.g. (A <= B) is true. 3. Logical (or
Relational) Operators: JavaScript supports the following logical
operators. Assume variable A holds 10 and variable holds 20,
then; a. Logical AND (&&): If both the operands are non-zero, then
the condition becomes true. e.g. (A && B) is true. b. Logical OR (||):
If any of the two operands are non-zero, then the condition
becomes true. e.g. (A || B) is true. c. Logical NOT (!): Reverses the
logical state of its operand. If a condition is true, the logical NOT
operator will make it false. e.g. !(A && B) is false. 4. Assignment
Operators 5. Conditional Operators 2.5.12 SELECTION
STATEMENTS When writing a program, there may be a situation
when we need to adopt one out of a given set of paths. In such
cases, conditional statement were used which allows our
program to make correct decisions and perform right actions. The
following selection statements are supported by JavaScript are:
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IF STATEMENT: This is the fundamental control statement that
allows JavaScript to make decisions and execute statements
conditionally. CODE VIEW DESIGN VIEW 2. IF-ELSE STATEMENT:
This is the next form of the selection statement that allows
JavaScript to execute statements in a more controlled way. CODE
VIEW DESIGN VIEW 3. IF-ELSE-IF STATEMENT: This is an advanced
form of if else that allows JavaScript to make a correct decision
out of several conditions. CODE VIEW DESIGN VIEW
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SWITCH CASE: Switch case is used to handle situation more
e!iciently than repeated if-else-if statements. CODE VIEW DESIGN
VIEW 2.5.13 LOOP STATEMENT While writing a program, you may
encounter a situation where you need to perform an action over
and over again. In such situations, you would need to write loop
statements to reduce the number of lines. JavaScript supports all
the necessary loops to ease down the pressure of programming.
1. WHILE LOOP: The purpose of a while loop is to execute a
statement or code block repeatedly as long as an expression is
true. Once the expression becomes false, the loop terminates.
CODE VIEW DESIGN VIEW
37. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 37 2.
DO WHILE LOOP: This is similar to the while loop except that the
condition checks what happens at the end of the loop. This
means that the loop will always be executed at least once, even if
the condition if false. CODE VIEW DESIGN VIEW 3. FOR LOOP: This
is the most compact form of looping. It includes the following
three (3) important parts: Loop Initialization where we initialize
our counter to a starting value. The initialization statement is
executed before the loop begins. Test statement which will test
if a given condition is true or not. If the condition is true, then the
code given inside the loop will be executed, otherwise the control
will come out of the loop. Iteration statement where you can
increase or decrease your counter. Note: All this three (3) parts are
inserted in a single line separated by semicolons. CODE VIEW
DESIGN VIEW
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2.5.14 FUNCTIONS A function is a group of reusable code which
can be called anywhere in your program. This eliminates the need
of writing the same code again and again. It helps programmers
in writing modular codes. It allows a programmer to divide a big
program into a number of small and manageable functions.
Before we use a function, we need to define it. The most common
way to define a function in JavaScript is by using the function
keyword, followed by a unique function name, a list of
parameters (this might be empty), and a statement block
surrounded by curly braces. Also to invoke a function somewhere
later in the script, you would simply need to write the name of
that function. 2.6 JAVASCRIPT WORK USING HTML, CSS AND
JAVASCRIPT Code View CSS AREA
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JAVASCRIPT AREA
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HTML AREA
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DESIGN VIEW
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PHP AND ITS PROPERTIES PHP was originally called PHP/FI which
means Personal Home Page/Form Interpreter in 1995 by Ramus
Leardof. It was a collection of Perl Script for handling form
submission but lack many useful language features such as for
loop. PHP/F2 was written in 1997 by Ramus yet with some lacking
feature and poor execution style. e.g. the while loop. PHP 3 which
means PHP Hypertext Pre-processor was later written by Ramus,
Zeave Audraski and Andi Gutman in 1998 with improvement and
added feature like database access. PHP 4 was written with the
sluggard “Compare First and execute Later” Style in late 1998.
The compile code will be use to execute the object code using the
Zend Engine. PHP 5 contain improve object oriented feature.
2.7.1 COMMON USES OF PHP PHP performs system functions i.e.
from files on a system it can create, open, read, write, and close
them. The other uses of PHP are: PHP can handle forms, i.e.
gather data from files, save data to a file, through email. You
add, delete, and modify elements within your database through
PHP. Access cookies variables and set cookies. Using PHP, you
can restrict users to access some pages of your website. It can
encrypt data.
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2.7.2 PHP EMBEDDED IN HTML Once you have PHP in your HTML
do not save it with .html CODE VIEW DESIGN VIEW 2.7.3
ENVIRONMENTAL SETUP In order to develop and run my PHP web
pages, three (3) vital components were installed on my computer
system. Web Server: PHP will work with virtually all web server
so"ware, including Microso" Internet Information Server (IIS)
and wamp server. Database: PHP will work with virtually all
database so"ware, including MySQL, Oracle. PHP Parser: In
order to process PHP script instructions, a parser must be
installed to generate HTML output that can be sent to the Web
Browser. 2.7.4 COMMENTING PHP CODE A comment is the portion
of a program that exists only for the human reader and stripped
out before displaying the programs result. There are two
commenting formats in PHP:
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Single-line comments: They are generally used for short
explanations or notes relevant to the local code. e.g. #,// Multi-
lines comments: They are generally used to provide pseudocode
algorithms and more detailed explanations when necessary. The
multiline style of commenting is the same as in C. e.g. /*……….*/
2.7.5 VARIABLE TYPES The main way to store information in the
middle of a PHP program is by using a variable. The important
thing to know about variable in PHP includes: All variable in
PHP are denoted with a leading dollar sign ($). The value of a
variable is the value of its most recent assignment. Variables
are assigned with the = operator, with the variable on the le"
hand side and the expression to be evaluated on the right.
Variables can, but do not need, to be declared before assignment.
Variables in PHP do not have intrinsic types – a variable does
not know in advance whether it will be used to store a number or
a string of characters. Variables used before they are assigned
have default values. PHP does a good job of automatically
converting types from one to another when necessary. 2.7.6 DATA
TYPES PHP has a total of eight (8) data types which we use to
construct our variables. Integers: They are whole numbers,
without a decimal point e.g. 4196
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Doubles: They are floating-point numbers e.g. 3.14159 or 49.1
Booleans: They have only two possible values either true or false.
NULL: Is a special type that only has one value: NULL. Strings:
They are sequences of characters, like ‘PHP supports strings
operations’. Arrays: They are named and indexed collections of
other values. Objects: They are instances of programmer-
defined classes, which can package up both other kinds of values
and functions that are specific to the class. Resources: They are
instances variables that hold references to resources external to
PHP (such as database connections). 2.7.7 VARIABLE NAMING
Rules for naming a variable are: Variable names must begin
with a letter or underscore character. A variable name can
consist of numbers, letters, underscores but you cannot use
character like +, -, %, (,), &, etc. Note: There is no size limit for
variables. 2.7.8 VARAIABLES Scope can be defined as the range of
availability a variable has to program in which it is declared. PHP
variables can be one of four scope types. Local Variables: A
variable declared in a function is considered local, i.e. it can be
referenced solely in that function. Note that any
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assignment outside of that function will be considered to be
entirely di!erent variable from the one contained in the function.
Global Variables: In contrast to local variables, a global variable
can be accessed in any part of the program. However, in order to
be modified, a global variable must be explicitly declared to be
global in the function in which it is to be modified. This is
accomplished, conveniently enough, by placing the keyword
GLOBAL in front of the variable that should be recognized as
global. 2.7.9 ARRAYS An array is a data structure that stores one or
more similar type of values in a single value. For example, if you
want to store 100 numbers, then instead of defining 100
variables, it is easy to define an array of 100 lengths. An array
consists of two (2) basic elements. Key Value The general
form of an array e.g. state1, 2, 3, 4 are called the names while the
likes of Kaduna, Abuja are called values. $state1 = Kaduna etc.
CODE VIEW DESIGN VIEW
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2.7.10 GET AND POST METHODS There are two ways the browser
client can send information to the web server. The GET Method:
It sends the encoded user information appended to the page
request. The page and the encoded information are separated by
the ? character. The POST Method: This method transfers
information via HTTP headers. Note: Before the browser sends
the information, it encodes it using a scheme called URL
encoding. In this scheme, name/value pairs are joined with equal
signs and di!erent pairs are separated by the ampersand. e.g.
name1=value1&name2=value&name3=value3. Spaces are
removed and replaced with the + character and any other non-
alphanumeric characters are replaced with a hexadecimal values.
A"er the information is encoded, it is sent to the browser. 2.8
OTHER PHP CODES AND THEIR DESIGN CODE VIEW DESIGN VIEW
48. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 48 2.9
DATABASE AND ITS PROPETIES Structured Query Language (SQL)
is used to manipulate database object. Database is a tabular
representation of data with specific attribute. 2.9.1 DATABASE
STRUCTURE DATABASE Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Row 1 Row
2 Row 3 Column1 Column 2 Column 3 All the rows in a given table
are related in a way that describes the database function. A row
of data in a table is a called a record. Data in a table can be linked
with another record in a table which is done by a primary key. A
primary key uniquely identify record in the entire database. The
primary key cannot be duplicated in a table. Unique id behaves in
the same way it is use to prevent duplicate in a table. Note: For
me to work (insert) and update record into a database will be
done through an interface called PHPMYADMIN.
49. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 49
2.9.2 HOW DO YOU INSERT RECORDS They are inserted from
HTML forms or from a scripting language 2.9.3 PHPMYADMIN
PhpMyAdmin is a web based interface to a MYSQL server. This
interface is written in PHP language. Which is frequently used for
web based interactive programs. PhpMyAdmin translates what i
enter into the web browser, sends queries to the MySQL
database, and translates the returned information back to web
format. 2.9.4 DATABASE CREATION A database was created for my
project, so that the form created can be submitted
50. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 50
2.9.5 SQL STATEMENTS 1. INSERT: It is use to add record to
database tables 2. UPDATE: It is use to change existing records
data in tables 3. SELECT: It query or view record data in tables.
2.10 MY FULL WEBSITE WITH HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT, PHP AND
SENT TO DATABASE Due to how lengthy the code is the design
view will be displayed only. DESIGN VIEW HOMEPAGE
51. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 51
REGISTRATION PAGE LOGIN PAGE
52. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 52
CHAPTER THREE SKILLS ACQUIRED AND CHALLENGES
ENCOUNTERD 3.0 TECHNICAL SKILLS ACQUIRED Below are list of
skills i acquired during my Industrial Training at ADMAS IT PLACE
Deep knowledge in understanding web design and database
maintenance. Ability to create websites with the help of HTML.
Ability to create websites with the help of HTML and CSS.
Ability to create a standardize websites with the help of HTML,
CSS, JAVASCRIPT, and PHP. Debugging errors and been creative
in arrangement of codes. Installing Database (Wamp) and
linking PHP to the Database. Installing several developmental
tools like Adobe CS6 which contain Dreamweaver, and Fireworks,
knowing how to use them e!ectively. Learning how to work
with designed Templates and creating Templates. Ability to
Insert, Update, Select, Delete records in the Database and
Importing, Exporting database file from one local server to
another. 3.1 SOCIAL AND FUNCTIONAL SKILLS ACQUIRED
Enhanced communication skills. Ability to identify and solve
problems relating to web design . Decision making, critical
thinking, organizing and planning. Ability to work with team.
53. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 53
Enhanced teaching and e!ective learning skills Good
customers services orientation skill 3.2 PERSONAL INPUT TO THE
COMPANY (ADMAS IT PLACE) Teaching and assisting students
(Clients) through their lessons. Assist students with their codes
when not running. Running of errands to boost activities in the
workplace. Check and work on colleague’s systems when
challenge with an error code. Help in installing various
development applications to colleagues and client. 3.3
CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERD Di!iculty in seeking for IT
attachment. Lack of transportation fee. Lack of good facilities
for web design. I was not paid either by SIWES or the place of
my attachment. There are no standard equipment’s for learning
and practical. The company lacks proper SIWES orientation on
how to train student.
54. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 54
CHAPTER FOUR CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 4.0
CONCLUSION My six (6) months Industrial Training at AD’MAS I.T
PLACE was a huge success and a great time of acquisition of
knowledge and skills. Through my training i was able to
appreciate my chosen course of study even more, because i had
the opportunity to blend the theoretical knowledge acquired
from school with the practical hands-on application of
knowledge gained here to perform very important tasks that
contributed in a way to my productivity in the company. My
training here has given me a broader view to the importance and
relevance of Computer Science (Web Design Development) in the
immediate society and the world as a whole, as i now look
forward to impacting it positively a"er graduation. I have also
been able to improve my communication and presentation skills
and thereby developed good relationship with my fellow
colleagues at work. I have also been able to appreciate the
connection between my course of study and other disciplines in
producing a successful result. 4.1 RECOMMENDATIONS: School
should provide a place of attachment for student. Allowances
should be paid to students during their programme just like NYSC
and not a"er. This would help them a great deal to handle some
financial problems during their training course. Supervisor
should always visit student monthly in their various places of
attachment.
55. SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT EJEDAFETA EJIRO N. Page 55
REFERENCE PAPER Student industrial work experienced
scheme 2015/2016 handbook Web design manual by industrial
supervisor Mr. Kelvin P. Web design and Advance Manual by
Industrial based supervisor Mr. Adeyemi Segun LINK
http://www.w3schools.com http://www.tutorialpoint.com
http://www.tizag.com/CSS
http://www.CSS/HTML/116583/article.com

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