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Hydrocarbon Questions

This document is a unit test for Class 11 Chemistry on the chapter Hydrocarbons, consisting of multiple sections with varying marks. It includes multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, and detailed explanations of concepts such as Markovnikov's rule, aromatic hydrocarbons, and the ozonolysis of alkenes. The test assesses students' understanding of hydrocarbons through questions on reactions, mechanisms, and structural naming.

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7 views7 pages

Hydrocarbon Questions

This document is a unit test for Class 11 Chemistry on the chapter Hydrocarbons, consisting of multiple sections with varying marks. It includes multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, and detailed explanations of concepts such as Markovnikov's rule, aromatic hydrocarbons, and the ozonolysis of alkenes. The test assesses students' understanding of hydrocarbons through questions on reactions, mechanisms, and structural naming.

Uploaded by

progyadiptanaskar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here's a unit test-style question paper on the chapter Hydrocarbons from NCERT Class 11

Chemistry, along with solutions.

Swami Dhananjoy Das Kathia Baba Mission School

Unit Test – II (2024-25)


Chemistry (Class – XI)
Chapter: Hydrocarbons
Time: 2 Hours
Max Marks: 50

Instructions:

• Section A: Each question carries 1 mark.


• Section B: Each question carries 2 marks.
• Section C: Each question carries 3 marks.
• Section D: Each question carries 5 marks.

SECTION A (1 mark each) - MCQs with Explanations

1. Which of the following is not a saturated hydrocarbon?


a) Ethane
b) Propane
c) Benzene
d) Butane

Answer: (c) Benzene

Explanation:

o Saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) contain only single bonds between carbon


atoms (C-C).
o Benzene (C₆H₆) is an unsaturated hydrocarbon with a cyclic conjugated π-
electron system (double bonds), making it aromatic, not saturated.

2. Which catalyst is used in the hydrogenation of alkenes?


a) Fe
b) Ni
c) Pb
d) Al
Answer: (b) Ni (Nickel)

Explanation:

o Hydrogenation is the addition of H₂ across a double bond to form an alkane.


o Nickel (Ni), Palladium (Pd), and Platinum (Pt) are commonly used as
catalysts for hydrogenation.
o Ni is the most widely used catalyst in industrial hydrogenation processes.

3. Which of the following has the highest boiling point?


a) Methane
b) Ethane
c) Propane
d) Butane

Answer: (d) Butane

Explanation:

o Boiling point increases as the molecular weight and van der Waals forces
increase.
o Methane (CH₄) < Ethane (C₂H₆) < Propane (C₃H₈) < Butane (C₄H₁₀)
o Butane, having the largest molecular size and surface area, has the
strongest intermolecular forces and the highest boiling point.

4. The IUPAC name of isobutene is:


a) 2-Methylprop-1-ene
b) But-2-ene
c) 2-Methylbutane
d) 2-Methylpropane

Answer: (a) 2-Methylprop-1-ene

Explanation:

o Isobutene has the structure: CH₂=C(CH₃)-CH₃


o The longest chain contains three carbon atoms with a C=C bond at the first
carbon.
o The methyl (-CH₃) group is attached to the second carbon.
o Hence, the correct IUPAC name is 2-Methylprop-1-ene.

5. What is the major product when propyne reacts with excess HCl?
a) 2,2-Dichloropropane
b) 1,1-Dichloropropane
c) 1-Chloropropene
d) Propan-2-one

Answer: (a) 2,2-Dichloropropane

Explanation:

o Propyne (CH₃-C≡CH) reacts with excess HCl following Markovnikov’s


rule.
o First, 1-Chloropropene (CH₃-CCl=CH₂) is formed.
o With excess HCl, another Cl is added to the same carbon, forming 2,2-
Dichloropropane (CH₃-CCl₂-CH₃).

6. The reaction of methane with chlorine in the presence of sunlight is an example


of:
a) Addition reaction
b) Substitution reaction
c) Elimination reaction
d) Oxidation reaction

Answer: (b) Substitution reaction

Explanation:

o Methane (CH₄) reacts with Cl₂ in UV light, leading to the gradual


replacement of H atoms by Cl atoms (CH₄ → CH₃Cl → CH₂Cl₂ → CHCl₃
→ CCl₄).
o This is a free radical substitution reaction.

7. The general formula of alkynes is:


a) CₙH₂ₙ
b) CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
c) CₙH₂ₙ₋₂
d) CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH

Answer: (c) CₙH₂ₙ₋₂

Explanation:

o Alkanes: CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
o Alkenes: CₙH₂ₙ
o Alkynes (having a triple bond) follow the general formula CₙH₂ₙ₋₂.
8. Which of the following alkanes will have the highest melting point?
a) Pentane
b) Hexane
c) Heptane
d) Octane

Answer: (d) Octane

Explanation:

o Melting point increases as molecular mass and van der Waals forces
increase.
o Octane (C₈H₁₈) has the longest chain, leading to the strongest
intermolecular forces and highest melting point.

9. Identify the correct order of acidic strength:


a) Ethyne > Ethene > Ethane
b) Ethane > Ethene > Ethyne
c) Ethene > Ethane > Ethyne
d) Ethyne > Ethane > Ethene

Answer: (a) Ethyne > Ethene > Ethane

Explanation:

o Acidity is due to the % s-character of the hybrid orbital containing the


hydrogen.
o Ethyne (sp hybridized, 50% s-character) > Ethene (sp², 33% s-character)
> Ethane (sp³, 25% s-character).
o The higher the s-character, the stronger the acidic nature.

10. Which of the following tests is used to distinguish between alkanes and alkenes?
a) Lucas test
b) Bromine water test
c) Baeyer’s test
d) Both (b) and (c)

Answer: (d) Both (b) and (c)

Explanation:

o Bromine water test:


▪ Alkenes decolorize bromine water (Br₂ in CCl₄) due to electrophilic
addition reaction.
▪ Alkanes do not react (remain brown).
o Baeyer’s test (KMnO₄ test):
▪ Alkenes turn pink KMnO₄ solution colorless due to oxidation.
▪ Alkanes do not react.
o Both tests can distinguish alkanes (saturated) from alkenes (unsaturated).

SECTION B (2 marks each)


11. Write two differences between alkanes and alkenes.
Solution:

• Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons (C-C single bonds), whereas alkenes are
unsaturated hydrocarbons (C=C double bonds).
• Alkanes undergo substitution reactions, while alkenes undergo addition reactions.

12. What is Markovnikov's rule? Give an example.


Solution:

• Markovnikov’s rule states that in the addition of HX to an unsymmetrical alkene, the


hydrogen (H) gets attached to the carbon with more hydrogen atoms.
• Example: CH₃-CH=CH₂ + HBr → CH₃-CHBr-CH₃ (2-Bromopropane)

13. Define aromatic hydrocarbons and give an example.


Solution:

• Aromatic hydrocarbons contain one or more benzene rings with delocalized π-


electrons.
• Example: Benzene (C₆H₆).

14. Write the reaction for the combustion of propane.


Solution:
C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O + Heat
15. Give the IUPAC names of the following:
a) CH₃-CH=CH-CH₃
b) CH₃-C≡CH

Solution:
a) But-2-ene
b) Propyne

SECTION C (3 marks each)


16. Write the mechanism of free radical halogenation of methane.
Solution:
Step 1: Initiation: Cl₂ → 2Cl• (in the presence of UV light)
Step 2: Propagation:
CH₄ + Cl• → CH₃• + HCl
CH₃• + Cl₂ → CH₃Cl + Cl•
Step 3: Termination:
Cl• + Cl• → Cl₂
CH₃• + Cl• → CH₃Cl
17. Differentiate between cis and trans isomers of alkenes with examples.
Solution:

• Cis-isomer: Same groups are on the same side of the double bond. Example: Cis-But-
2-ene.
• Trans-isomer: Same groups are on opposite sides of the double bond. Example:
Trans-But-2-ene.

18. What happens when benzene reacts with:


a) Br₂/FeBr₃
b) HNO₃/H₂SO₄
c) CH₃Cl/AlCl₃

Solution:
a) Bromination: C₆H₆ + Br₂ → C₆H₅Br + HBr (Bromobenzene)
b) Nitration: C₆H₆ + HNO₃ → C₆H₅NO₂ + H₂O (Nitrobenzene)
c) Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: C₆H₆ + CH₃Cl → C₆H₅CH₃ + HCl (Toluene)

SECTION D (5 marks each)


19. Explain the ozonolysis of an alkene with an example.
Solution:

• Ozonolysis involves the cleavage of the C=C bond using ozone (O₃) to form
aldehydes or ketones.
• Example:
CH₃-CH=CH₂ + O₃ → CH₃-CHO + HCHO (Acetaldehyde + Formaldehyde)

20. Draw the structure and name the products formed when 1-butyne reacts with:
a) H₂ (Lindlar’s catalyst)
b) Na/NH₃
c) Excess HBr

Solution:
a) Cis-But-2-ene
b) Trans-But-2-ene
c) 2,2-Dibromobutane

This test paper covers conceptual, reaction-based, and mechanism questions on


Hydrocarbons. Let me know if you need any modifications or explanations!

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