Data Types

Key Terms

Types of Sampling

Ungroup Data

Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation, Variance

Correlation

Regression
Tomorrow I will be in Lahore or Karachi

You will be allowed in class if you have book or pen

There are 20 numbers. One number is drawn randomly. Find the probability

that it is divisible by 4 or 8.

𝑃(4 𝑜𝑟 8) = 𝑃(4 ∪ 8) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) =? ?

𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 𝐸𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒

𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) 𝐸𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒

𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵)

𝑆 = {1,2,3, … ,20}

0(𝑆) = 20

0(𝐴)
𝑃(𝐴) =
0(𝑆)

Let A be the event that number is divisible by 4

𝑨 = {𝟒, 𝟖, 𝟏𝟐, 𝟏𝟔, 𝟐𝟎}

0(𝐴) = 5

0(𝐴) 5
𝑃(𝐴) = =
0(𝑆) 20

Let B be the event that number is divisible by 8

𝑩 = {𝟖, 𝟏𝟔}

0(𝐵) = 2

0(𝐵) 2
𝑃(𝐵) = =
0(𝑆) 20

𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {4,8,12,16,20} ∩ {8,16} = {8,16}

Events are not mutually exclusive

0(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 2
 0(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 2
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = =
0(𝑆) 20

Events are not mutually exclusive

𝑷(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) + 𝑷(𝑩) − 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩)

5 2 2 5 1
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = + − = = = 0.25
20 20 20 20 4

There are 20 numbers. One number is drawn randomly. Find the probability

that it is divisible by 4 or 7

𝑨 = {𝟒, 𝟖, 𝟏𝟐, 𝟏𝟔, 𝟐𝟎}

𝑩 = {𝟕, 𝟏𝟒, }

𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {4,8,12,16,20} ∩ {7,14, } = {}

𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝑅 ∪ 𝐺)

𝑆 = {𝑅1 , 𝑅2 , 𝐺1 , 𝐺2 , 𝐺3 , 𝐺4 , 𝐵1 , 𝐵2 , 𝐵3 , 𝐵4 , 𝐵5 , 𝑌1 , 𝑌2 , 𝑌3 }
0(𝑆) = 14

Let A be the event that marble drawn is red

𝐴 = {𝑅1 , 𝑅2 }

0(𝐴) = 2

0(𝐴) 2
𝑃(𝐴) = =
0(𝑆) 14

Let B be the event that marble drawn is Green

𝐵 = {𝐺1 , 𝐺2 , 𝐺3 , 𝐺4 }
 0(𝐵) = 4

0(𝐵) 4
𝑃(𝐵) =
0(𝑆) 14

𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {𝑅1 , 𝑅2 } ∩ {𝐺1 , 𝐺2 , 𝐺3 , 𝐺4 } = {} =∅ = {∅}

0(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0

0(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 0
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = = =0
0(𝑆) 14

𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

2 4 6 3
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) = + = =
14 14 14 7
 𝑆 = {𝐵1 , 𝐵2 , 𝐵3 , 𝐵4 , 𝐵5 , 𝐵6 , 𝐵7 , 𝐵8 , 𝐵9 , 𝐵10 , 𝐵11 , 𝐵12 , 𝐵13 , 𝐵14 , 𝐵15 , 𝐵16 , 𝐵17

𝐺1 , 𝐺2 , 𝐺3 , 𝐺4 , 𝐺5 , 𝐺6 , 𝐺7 , 𝐺8 , 𝐺9 , 𝐺10 , 𝐺11 , 𝐺12 , 𝐺13 }

0(𝑆) = 30

A grade students 5 girls and 4 boys hint

𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐺 ∪ 𝐴 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

Let A be the event that student selected is girl

𝑨 = {𝑮𝟏 , 𝑮𝟐 , 𝑮𝟑 , 𝑮𝟒 , 𝑮𝟓 , 𝑮𝟔 , 𝑮𝟕 , 𝑮𝟖 , 𝑮𝟗 , 𝑮𝟏𝟎 , 𝑮𝟏𝟏 , 𝑮𝟏𝟐 , 𝑮𝟏𝟑 }

𝟎(𝑨) = 𝟏𝟑

0(𝐴) 13
𝑃(𝐴) = =
0(𝑆) 30

Let B be the event that student selected is A grade student

𝑩 = {𝑮𝟏 , 𝑮𝟐 , 𝑮𝟑 , 𝑮𝟒 , 𝑮𝟓 , 𝑩𝟏 , 𝑩𝟐 , 𝑩𝟑 , 𝑩𝟒 }

0(𝐵) = 9
 0(𝐵) 9
𝑃(𝐵) = =
0(𝑆) 30

𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {𝐺1 , 𝐺2 , 𝐺3 , 𝐺4 , 𝐺5 , 𝐺6 , 𝐺7 , 𝐺8 , 𝐺9 , 𝐺10 , 𝐺11 , 𝐺12 , 𝐺13 } ∩ {𝐺1 , 𝐺2 , 𝐺3 , 𝐺4 , 𝐺5 , 𝐵1 , 𝐵2 , 𝐵3 , 𝐵4 }

𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {𝐺1 , 𝐺2 , 𝐺3 , 𝐺4 , 𝐺5 }

0(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 5

0(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 5
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = =
0(𝑆) 30

Events are not mutually exclusive

𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

13 9 5 17
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = + − =
30 30 30 30
Find the probability that student selected is a girl or boy

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑙𝑠

𝑨 = {𝑮𝟏 , 𝑮𝟐 , 𝑮𝟑 , 𝑮𝟒 , 𝑮𝟓 , 𝑮𝟔 , 𝑮𝟕 , 𝑮𝟖 , 𝑮𝟗 , 𝑮𝟏𝟎 , 𝑮𝟏𝟏 , 𝑮𝟏𝟐 , 𝑮𝟏𝟑 }

𝑂(𝐴) = 13

0(𝐴) 13
𝑃(𝐴) = =
0(𝑆) 30

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐵 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑏𝑜𝑦

𝐵 = {𝐵1 , 𝐵2 , 𝐵3 , 𝐵4 , 𝐵5 , 𝐵6 , 𝐵7 , 𝐵8 , 𝐵9 , 𝐵10 , 𝐵11 , 𝐵12 , 𝐵13 , 𝐵14 , 𝐵15 , 𝐵16 , 𝐵17 }

𝑂(𝐵) = 17

0(𝐵) 17
𝑃(𝐵) = =
0(𝑆) 30

𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {𝑮𝟏 , 𝑮𝟐 , 𝑮𝟑 , 𝑮𝟒 , 𝑮𝟓 , 𝑮𝟔 , 𝑮𝟕 , 𝑮𝟖 , 𝑮𝟗 , 𝑮𝟏𝟎 , 𝑮𝟏𝟏 , 𝑮𝟏𝟐 , 𝑮𝟏𝟑 }

𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {}

Events are mutually exclusive

13 17 30
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) = + = =1
30 30 30