BIOTECHNOLOGY PRINCIPLE AND PROCESSES

LECTURE 1

BIOTECHNOLOGY

BIO living organisms TECHNOLOGY technique

In Present time Biotechnology is used in o

Ivf In vitro fertilisation

Vaccines

Gene therapy

Today to such which use

we
refer of processes
GMO Genetically Modified Organisms to achieve the
same on scale
large
 LECTURE 02

BIOTECHNOLOGY

The European Federationof Biotechnology EFB has

given a definitionof biotechnology that compasses both

traditional vein and modern molecular biotechnology

The integration of natural scienceand organisms

cells parts thereof and molecular analogues

for products and services

Principle of biotechnology

Principle of biotechnology

GENETIC ENGINEERING BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING

also called chemical

Engineering
 GENETIC ENGINEERING

Construction I DNA recombinant

of
It includes Gene transfer

Gene Cloning

it's
Gene ofInterest

DNA 1 Plant
Dna plasma
t
Extra chromosome
circular DNA I
cut thedesiredpart.gg

with Molecular scissors Plasmid is a yes

good Ior
Restriction enzyme
These are joined using
MOLECULARGLUE LIGASE
Beau

5
i

Genetenser

137 Gene
cloning
 Ee

f
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Identical copies
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Dead
of 8 DNA

y
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t
Baar Baar

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2 Chemical Bioprocess Engineering

Maintainance
of a sterile environment while performing

is essential so that

conta­mination
no
genetic engineering
occurs

TRADITIONAL HYBRIDISATION VS GENETIC ENGINEERING 8

o
Earlier during traditional hybridisation technique since

there were No Restriction Enzymes so Non desirable

was included

0
With discovery of Restriction Enzymes Genetic Engineering
 was made possible as we can now cut specific

desired
gene only

1st Recombinant DNA 8

History of
o
Stanley Cohen Herbert Boyer 1972 constructed the

r DNA
first
g They constructed it by taking
is A gene encoding antibiotic resistance
199 Native plasmid
self replicating extra chromosomal
DNA
of Salmonella typhimurium

Both
typhimurium
Isolated Antibiotic
i
gÉ
Resistance
gene
with Restriction i n f
enzyme Isolation
of native I with ROE
plasmid

with DNA
Combining ligase

Bff 1stRecombinant DNA

 Transformation

C
Antibiotic Resistant E coli
Iansformant

Three basic steps in

genetically modifyingorganism

is Identification of DNA with desirable

gene
19 Introduction of identified DNA into host
iii Maintenance
ofintroduced DNA in the host and transfer

of DNA to its
progeny