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Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

Thursday 23 January 2025
Morning (Time: 1 hour 20 minutes) Paper
reference WCH13/01
Chemistry  

International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level

UNIT 3: Practical Skills in Chemistry I

You must have: Total Marks

Scientific calculator, ruler

Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
If pencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
•• Answer all questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.

Information
•• The total mark for this paper is 50.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas,
descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar,
punctuation and spelling.
• A Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of this paper.
Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Show all your working in calculations and include units where appropriate.
•• Try to answer every question.
Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over

P78457A
©2025 Pearson Education Ltd.
H:1/1/1/1/
*P78457A0116*
 Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
1 This question is about qualitative testing for ions.

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(a) A student was given a solid sample of potassium sulfate, K2SO4 .
(i) Describe how the student could use flame colour to confirm that the solid
sample contains potassium ions.
Outline the experimental procedure, stating the colour of the flame produced.
(4)

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(ii) The student dissolved some of the solid sample in deionised water in a
test tube.
To the test tube, the student added dilute hydrochloric acid followed by
aqueous barium chloride. A precipitate was observed.
Give the colour of the precipitate and the ionic equation for its formation.
Include state symbols.
(2)
Colour of precipitate

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Ionic equation

2
*P78457A0216* 
 (b) Another student was given a solution containing one type of cation and
two types of anion.
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(i) The student warmed some of the solution in a test tube, before adding
aqueous sodium hydroxide and holding damp red litmus paper at the mouth
of the tube.
From the results, the student identified the cation as the ammonium ion, NH4+ .
Explain the student’s inference.
(2).(2)

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(ii) To another test tube of the solution, the student added silver nitrate solution.
A pale yellow precipitate was observed.
The student then added an excess of dilute nitric acid.
Effervescence was observed.
Some of the precipitate dissolved.
The student added an excess of concentrated ammonia solution to the
remaining precipitate.
The precipitate dissolved to form a colourless solution.
Complete the table about the student’s results.
(3)

Formula of gas evolved

Formula of the precipitate that dissolved in

dilute nitric acid

Formula of the precipitate that dissolved in

concentrated ammonia solution

(Total for Question 1 = 11 marks)

3
 *P78457A0316* Turn over
2 A student used the reaction of magnesium with hydrochloric acid to determine the
volume of 1 mol of hydrogen gas at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).

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Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Procedure
Step 1 Weigh 0.030 g of magnesium ribbon.
 dd approximately 25 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid into a burette and
Step 2 A
carefully add 25 cm3 of water on top.
Step 3 P
 ush the magnesium ribbon into the open end of the burette so that it stays
in position.
Step 4 Q
 uickly invert the burette. Clamp the burette vertically and take the
burette reading.
Step 5 W
 ait for the magnesium to start reacting. Take the final burette reading after
all the magnesium has reacted.
A diagram of the experiment is shown.

burette

closed tap

hydrochloric acid + water

burette

beaker
magnesium
ribbon

magnesium ribbon

4
*P78457A0416* 
 (a) Explain why the volume of hydrochloric acid added to the burette in Step 2 does
not need to be exact.
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You must include a calculation.

(3)

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(b) State why the magnesium does not start reacting as soon as the burette is
inverted in Step 4.
(1)

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 *P78457A0516* Turn over
 (c) The diagram shows the burette readings from Steps 4 and 5.

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Burette reading from Step 4 Burette reading from Step 5

47 11

46 10

45 9

Record the burette readings, and hence the volume of hydrogen gas produced in
the experiment.
(2)

Burette reading in Step 4 / cm3

Burette reading in Step 5 / cm3

Volume of hydrogen gas / cm3

(d) Calculate the volume of 1 mol of hydrogen gas at r.t.p., in cm3, using your answer
to (c), the reaction equation and the mass of magnesium (0.030 g) used in
the procedure.
(2)

Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

6
*P78457A0616* 
 (e) The magnesium ribbon used in Step 1 contained a magnesium oxide impurity of
up to 2% by mass.
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Explain whether this magnesium oxide impurity could account for any difference
in your answer to (d) from the Data Book value of 24 000 cm3.
No calculation is required.
(2)

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(f ) Two readings were taken to measure the mass of magnesium used in the
experiment. The uncertainty in each reading was 0.0025 g.
(i) Calculate the percentage uncertainty in the mass of magnesium used in
the experiment.
(1)

(ii) The student wanted to reduce the percentage uncertainty by using double
the mass of magnesium.
Give the reason why the experiment outlined in the procedure could not be
conducted successfully using double the mass of magnesium.
(1)

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(Total for Question 2 = 12 marks)

7
 *P78457A0716* Turn over
3 The concentration of a solution of barium hydroxide can be determined using a
standard solution of ethanedioic acid.

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(a) State what is meant by the term standard solution.
(1)

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(b) Describe the preparation of 100.0 cm3 of a 0.0500 mol dm–3

standard solution of ethanedioic acid, starting with crystals of
ethanedioic acid dihydrate, H2C2O4.2H2O.
Your answer should include details of the apparatus used and the mass of
H2C2O4.2H2O required.
(6)

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8
*P78457A0816* 
 (c) 25.0 cm3 of 0.0500 mol dm–3 ethanedioic acid solution, H2C2O4(aq), was added to
a conical flask and titrated with barium hydroxide solution, Ba(OH)2(aq), of an
unknown concentration.
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(i) Name the piece of apparatus that should be used to add the ethanedioic acid
solution, H2C2O4(aq), to the conical flask.
(1)

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(ii) The titration was carried out with a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator in
the conical flask.
State the colour change observed at the end‑point of the titration.
(2)

From ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................ to ......................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) The formation of a white precipitate was observed during the titration.
Suggest the identity of the white precipitate, by name or formula.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iv) The titration was repeated, giving a mean titre of 31.55 cm3.
Calculate the concentration of the barium hydroxide solution, Ba(OH)2(aq),
in g dm–3.
Ba(OH)2 and H2C2O4 react in a 1 : 1 ratio.
Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.
(3)

(Total for Question 3 = 14 marks)

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4 This question is about the preparation of 2‑chloro‑2‑methylpropane from
2‑methylpropan‑2‑ol and concentrated hydrochloric acid.

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(CH3)3COH + HCl → (CH3)3CCl + H2O

Procedure
Step 1 Pour 9.0 cm3 of 2‑methylpropan‑2‑ol into a separating funnel.
Step 2 Add 20 cm3 of concentrated hydrochloric acid to the separating funnel, about
3 cm3 at a time.
Stopper and invert the funnel after each addition.
Step 3 L eave the separating funnel for about 20 minutes, shaking it gently at regular
intervals. Allow the layers to separate.
Step 4 D
 iscard the aqueous layer before washing the organic layer repeatedly
with sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, releasing the pressure after
each addition.
Step 5 T ransfer the organic layer into a small, dry conical flask and add three spatula
measures of anhydrous sodium sulfate, swirling the flask after each addition.
Step 6 D
 ecant the organic liquid into a pear‑shaped flask and distil the
2‑chloro‑2‑methylpropane into a pre‑weighed conical flask.

(a) Give one reason, relating to safety, why the hydrochloric acid is added to the
separating funnel 3 cm3 at a time, and not all at once, in Step 2.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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*P78457A01016* 
 (b) Draw a labelled diagram of the separating funnel at the end of Step 3.
[Density of 2‑chloro‑2‑methylpropane = 0.85 g cm–3 ]
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(2)

(c) Sodium hydrogencarbonate solution is added to remove acid impurities in Step 4.

Give the reason why a stronger alkali, such as sodium hydroxide solution, should
not be used for this purpose.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(d) State the role of the sodium sulfate in Step 5.

(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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 (e) Identify two changes that must be made to the apparatus shown before distilling
in Step 6, giving a reason for each change.
(4)

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water from tap
still head

pear-shaped
flask

organic liquid
conical flask
anti-bumping
granules
water to sink

ice-water mixture

Change 1

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reason 1

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Change 2

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reason 2

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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*P78457A01216* 
 (f ) Calculate the mass of 2‑chloro‑2‑methylpropane produced in this procedure,
if the percentage yield is 70%.
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[Density of 2‑methylpropan‑2‑ol = 0.78 g cm–3 ]

[Mr of 2‑methylpropan‑2‑ol = 74.0]
[Mr of 2‑chloro‑2‑methylpropane = 92.5]
(4)

(Total for Question 4 = 13 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 50 MARKS

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*P78457A01416*
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*P78457A01516*
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*P78457A01616*
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