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 ESL Speaking Activities: THE
ULTIMATE BOOK FOR BUSY
ENGLISH TEACHERS
INTERMEDIATE TO ADVANCED
CONVERSATION BOOK FOR
ADULTS: Teaching English as a Second
Language Book 1
ESL BOOKS FOR ADULTS: ADVANCED BOOK 1

M arc R oche
 Sign up for exclusive ESL
resources + free e-books + tons
of other resources and goodies at
the end of the book

Copyright © 2020 Marc Roche

 All Rights Reserved.
All the worksheets and ESL conversation cards can be photocopied
and used in the classroom and can be adapted to classroom games
and warmers. No part of this ESL book may be reproduced,
distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including
photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods,
or by any information storage and retrieval system without the prior
written permission of the publisher, except for educational purposes
within the classroom, or in the case of quotations embodied in
critical reviews and certain other non-commercial uses permitted by
copyright law.

Topics Covered in this ESL Conversation Book:

ESL speaking games, ESL speaking activities, ESL speaking books, ESL
conversation, ESL lesson plans, ESL conversation cards, ESL conversation books
for adults.
Roche Publishing ESL Books. All rights reserved

www.idmbusinessenglish.com
Contents
Get Marc Roche’s Starter Library FOR FREE
About This ESL Conversation Book for Adults
Other Books By Marc Roche
SECTION 1: ESL Speaking Cards
1. Goals
2. Restaurants & Food
3. Work
4. Job Interviews
5. Inventions
6. Body Language
7. Sports
8. Hobbies
9. Music & Movies
10. Crime
11. Culture
12. Manners
13. Creativity
14. Dating
15. Meaning of Education
16. Value of Education
17. Politics
18. Have you ever…. ?
19. Meeting People
20. Living Abroad
21. Space Exploration
22. Food
23. Cooking
 24. Travelling
25. Shopping
26. Fashion
27. Weather
28. Animals
29. Driving
30. The Human Body
31. Colors and Numbers
32. Family
33. Home
34. Free Time
35. Public Transport
37. Hospital
38. Problems
39. Media
40. Hotels
41. Languages
42. Technology
43. Art
44. History
45. Books
SECTION 2: BUSINESS ENGLISH CONVERSATION
QUESTIONS
1.WORK
2. DAYS OFF
3. AGE AT WORK
4. JOB LOCATION
5. WORKING FROM HOME
6. OFFICE LOCATION
7. WORKING OVERSEAS
8. OFFICE LUNCH
9. AFTER WORK ACTIVITIES
10. REWARDS AND RECOGNITION
11. TEAM BUILDING
12. OFFICE SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT
13. WORKING HOURS
14. OVERTIME
15. BUSINESS TRIPS
16. EXPERIENCE
17. PROMOTION & DEMOTION
18.PROBATIONARY PERIOD:
19. CONTRACTS
20. WORK-LIFE BALANCE
21. MANAGEMENT & LEADERSHIP
22. BEING AN EMPLOYEE
23. FREELANCING
24. DIFFERENT PROFESSIONS
25. JOB REQUIREMENTS
26. JOB INTERVIEWS
27. BENEFITS & PERKS
28. RESIGNATION
29. JOB-HOPPING
30. SALARY
31. CHOOSING A COMPANY
32. FEELINGS ABOUT YOUR JOB
33. CO-WORKERS
34. RETIREMENT
35. EMAIL
36. MEETINGS
37. CONFERENCES
38. TECHNOLOGY
39. OFFICE ENVIRONMENT
SECTION 3: PHRASAL VERBS (VOCABULARY, GRAMMAR &
SPEAKING)
Types of Phrasal Verb (Student Handout)
Types of Phrasal Verbs (Student Handout 2)
Phrasal Verbs with ‘Take’
Conversation Questions: Take
Phrasal Verbs with ‘Put’
Conversation Questions: Put
Phrasal Verbs with ‘Get’
Conversation Questions: Get
Phrasal Verbs with ‘Come’
Conversation Questions: Come
Bonus Chapter: Formal VS Informal Language
Linking Words
Student Handout: How to Learn Thousands of Words in
English in Only 6 Months
Bonus. Free Websites for English Practice
Advanced Speaking Phrases (Student Handout)
SECTION 4: ESL GAMES FOR ADULTS & TEENS
Game 1
Game 2
Game 3
Game 4
Game 5
 Game 6
Game 7
Game 8
Game 9
Game 10
Game 11
Game 12
Game 13
Game 14
Game 15
Game 16
Game 17
Game 18
Game 19
Free Business English Materials and TONS of FREE
Resources & Goodies!
One Last Thing...
Get Marc Roche’s Starter Library FOR
FREE

Sign up for the no-spam newsletter and get an

introductory book and lots more exclusive content,
all for free.
Details can be found at the end of the book.
About This ESL Conversation Book for
Adults
Make your TEFL lesson planning easier
"ESL Speaking Activities: The Ultimate Book for Busy English
Teachers. Intermediate to Advanced Conversation Book for Adults” is
jam-packed full of speaking cards, worksheets and conversation
cards to whip out whenever you want and make your TEFL lesson
plans instantly easier. It includes 100+ instant games & activities for
Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language Online & Offline.
Speaking is often the most intimidating part of English for many
students, and it can be daunting as a teacher, when your students
won’t speak in class out of shyness or reluctance. This conversation
book for adults will give you the tools needed to get students
speaking, which will make your classes both more enjoyable and
more productive!
In the Phrasal Verbs section of this book, you’ll find grammar and
vocabulary hand-outs before each set of speaking questions. You
can do some of these handouts in class, or you can set them as
homework if you prefer. They are ideal for preparing students for
exams such as the Cambridge Business English exams, and other
Cambridge exams like First Certificate and Advanced CAE, as well as
IELTS and TOEFL.
About The Author

Marc is originally from Manchester. He is a writer, teacher, trainer,

and business manager. He has collaborated with organizations such
as the British Council, the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
and University of Technology Sydney among others. Marc has also
worked with multinationals such as Nike, GlaxoSmithKline or Bolsas y
Mercados.
Learn more about Marc at amazon.com/author/marcroche
Other Books By Marc Roche

Business Email: Write to Win. Business English &

Professional Email Writing Essentials: How to Write Emails
for Work, Including 100+ Business Email Templates

Business English Writing: Advanced Masterclass- How to

Communicate Effectively & Communicate with Confidence
SECTION 1: ESL Speaking
Cards

These instant ESL conversation cards can be adapted into games,

such as board games and other classroom activities to provide
speaking practice and opportunities for feedback.
The teacher can use them with a timer if he or she wants to add
some pressure to the activity, to make the activity more exciting and
to prepare students for speaking, where time is a major factor. For
example: students can work in pairs and speak for 1 to 2 minutes
about each question as a mini-presentation type activity. Their
partner can keep the time and provide feedback, while the teacher
circulates the classroom and helps different pairs of students.
1. Goals
What’s your What is
biggest goal something
at the you’ve never
moment and learned but
how do you wish you
plan to had?
achieve it?

What "short- What "long

term" goals term" goals
do you have do you have?
at the
moment?

Think of a Why are

time when goals
you didn’t important?
achieve one In your
of your goals, opinion, is it
describe the essential to
situation and have goals in
how you felt. life?

Have you got What is

any goals success to
that you you? (What
think are would be
unrealistic? your
definition of
success?)
2. Restaurants & Food
What’s your Do you like
favorite type to eat in
of food? restaurants?
(Italian, Describe the
Spanish, best
French, restaurant
American, you
Mexican, remember
Chinese, Thai going to.
etc..?)

Are you a Describe the

good cook? worst
What’s your restaurant
star dish? you
remember
going to.

Do you like Have you

‘junk food’?. ever eaten at
Do you think an ‘all you
‘junk food’ can eat’
should be restaurant?
more Was the food
regulated by as good as a
the normal
government? restaurant?

What’s the What do you

most think about
important children
thing in a crying in a
restaurant? restaurant
‘Value for when you are
money’, trying to eat?
taste, Does it
atmosphere bother you?
or décor?
3. Work
At what age What’s the
would you worst job
like to retire? you have
What do you ever done?
think you will
do after you
retire?

On a scale of What
1- 10, how changes
would rate would you
your job? (10 introduce to
the best and improve your
1 the worst current job?
scores).

What’s your If you won ‘a

dream job? gazillion’
(If money dollars in the
was not an lottery
issue, what tomorrow,
job would would you
you choose?) retire? How
would you
 spend your
time?

What jobs Would

give people a introducing a
high status in 4-day work-
your week be
country? realistic in
your
country?
Why or why
not?

4. Job Interviews
Is it What skills,
important to abilities and
be good at qualities do
job interviewers
interviews? generally
Why or why look for in a
not? candidate?

On a scale of Are job

1- 10, how interviews a
would rate fair
your job assessment
interview of someone’s
skills? skills and
suitability for
a job?

What are the How do you

most feel when
common job you have to
interview do a job
questions? interview?
Pick one and
answer it
with your
partner.

How could What 3

employers pieces of
make job advice would
interviews you give
fairer for someone
candidates? who is about
to do a job
interview?
5. Inventions
What are the How did the
most important invention of
inventions of the TV
the 20th and change
21st centuries people's
in your lives?
opinion?

How has the What do you

internet think is the
changed worst
people’s lives? invention in
Has it been a history?
positive or a
negative
change?

Which two If someone

inventions invented a
would you like time
to see in the machine,
next 10 or 15 what time
years? Why? would you
 like to visit?
Why?

How has the What would

Internet you invent if
influenced you were a
communication, scientist?
correspondence Why?
and access to
information?

6. Body Language
Why do you How do you
think body use body
language is language to
important? communicate?

What type of What type of

body body
language is language is
considered considered
threatening threatening in
in your your culture?
culture?

What type of Do you try to

body use body
language is language
not allowed when you
or frowned communicate
upon in your in English?
culture?

In what Do you use

situations the same
can you amount of eye
misinterpret contact with
someone's men and
body women? Why
language? or why not?
7. Sports
Do you play Do you think
or watch any everybody
sports? should
practice
sports?

How often do Have you

you exercise? ever tried
any extreme
sports?
Which ones?
Which ones
would you
like to try?

What do you What is your

think is the favorite team
most popular sport?
sport in the
world?
What is your Do
favorite sport professional
team? athletes get
paid too
much? Why?
Why not?
8. Hobbies
What’s your What
favorite hobbies do
hobby and you have?
how long
have you
been doing
it?

Do you think Is cost an

it’s important important
for people to factor to
have consider
hobbies? when
Why or why choosing a
not? new hobby?

Which What’s your

hobbies are opinion on
the most hunting as a
popular in hobby?
your
country?
Are there any What’s the
hobbies you most
would like to dangerous
try? hobby you
can think of?
9. Music & Movies
What kind of What kinds
music do you of music
like? don't you
like?

Name one of Do you like

your favorite to watch TV?
songs of all
time. What
does this
song remind
you of?

What are Do you like

your favorite movies?
kinds of
programs or
shows right
now?

What’s your Who are your

all-time favorite
favorite actors or
movie? When actresses?
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
4. The House of Valois
 CHARLES
Count of Valois
|
PHILIP VI
1328–1350
|
JOHN “the Good”
1350–1364
|
+-----+---------------+------------+----------+
| | | | |
| | | | ISABEL = GIAN GALEAZZO
| LOUIS PHILIP “the Bold” | | Visconti
| Duke of Duke of Burgundy | |
| Anjou (See Table JEANNE = CHARLES |
| (See Table X—Dukes “the Bad” |
| VI—Second of Burgundy) of Navarre |
| House of |
| Anjou in Naples) |
| |
CHARLES V |
1364–1380 |
| |
+------------+--------------------------+ |
| | |
CHARLES VI LOUIS = VALENTINA
“The Mad” Duke of Orleans| Visconti
1380–1422 murdered 1407|
| |
+-------------+-----+ |
| | |
CHARLES VII CATHERINE = HENRY V CHARLES
1422–1461 | of England Duke of Orleans
| | |
LOUIS XI HENRY VI |
1461–1483 of England |
| |
CHARLES VIII LOUIS XII
1483–1498 1498–1515
 5. The Norman Rulers of Sicily
TANCRED DE HAUTEVILLE
|
+-------------+---+--------+
| | |
WILLIAM DE ROBERT GUISCARD ROBERT I
HAUTEVILLE Duke of Apulia Count of Sicily
1060–1085 |
|
ROGER II
King of Sicily & Naples
d.1154
|
+--------------+---------+--+
| | |
ROGER WILLIAM CONSTANCE = EMPEROR HENRY VI
Duke of Apulia “the Bad” |
| | |
TANCRED WILLIAM |
“the Good” |
d.1189 EMPEROR FREDERICK II
6. The First House of Anjou in Naples
 LOUIS VIII of France
1223–1226
|
CHARLES
Count of Anjou & Provence
& King of Sicily and Naples (d.1285)
|
CHARLES II
d. 1309
|
+---------------+--+------------+-----------+
| | | |
CHARLES MARTEL ROBERT JOHN MARGARET = CHARLES
| King of of Durazzo of Valois
| Naples | [See Table IV for
| | | House of
| | | Valois & also
CAROBERT CHARLES | The Second House of
of Hungary of Calabria | Anjou in Naples]
| | |
+-----+---+ +----+---------+ +----------+
| | | | | |
LOUIS ANDREW = JOANNA I MARIA = CHARLES LOUIS
the d.1382 | d.1348 |
Great King | |
of Hungary | |
| | |
+------------+ | |
| | | |
SIGISMUND = MARIA HEDWIG = JAGELLO MARGARET = CHARLES III
of Luxembourg of | of Durazzo
Lithuania |
(King Ladislas +---+--------+
V of Poland) | |
LADISLAS JOANNA II
d.1414 d.1433

The Second House of Anjou In Naples

 CHARLES = MARGARET
Count of | of Sicily
Valois |
|
PHILIP VI
1328–1350
|
JOHN “the Good”
1350–1364
|
+-------------------+
| |
CHARLES V LOUIS Duke of Anjou
1364–1380 d. 1385
|
LOUIS II
d. 1417
|
+---------------+-------------------++--------+
| | | |
LOUIS III RÉNÉ LE BON* CHARLES MARY = CHARLES VII
d. 1434 d.1480 Duke of | of France
| Maine |
| | |
YOLANDE = FREDERICK CHARLES LOUIS XI
| of d.1481 |
| Vaudemont |
| |
Réné I Duke of Lorraine CHARLES VIII

* Réné le Bon disinherited his grandson Réné Duke of Lorraine

and left his claims to Naples to his nephew Charles—with
remainder to the French Crown. In this way Charles VIII was
enabled to claim the Neapolitan throne.
7. The House of Aragon in Spain & Naples
 ALFONSO II
of Aragon
1162–1196
|
PEDRO II EMPEROR FREDERICK II
1196–1213 King of Naples
| |
JAMES I MANFRED
“the Conqueror” (illegitimate)
1213–1276 |
| |
PEDRO III = CONSTANCE
King of Aragon 1276–1285
King of Sicily 1282–1285
|
+---------------------+
| |
ALFONSO III JAMES II
1283–1291 1291–1327
|
ALFONSO IV
1327–1336
|
PEDRO IV
1336–1387
|
+---------------+-----------------+
| | |
JOHN I = ELEANOR JOHN I MARTIN I
of Castile 1387–1395 1395–1410
|
+---------------------------+
| |
HENRY III FERDINAND I
of Castile (chosen King of Aragon)
1412–1416
|
+-------------------------+-----+
| |
ALFONSO V JOHN II
of Aragon 1416–1458 of Aragon
of Naples 1435–1458 1458–1479
| |
FERRANTE I FERDINAND = ISABEL
King of Naples the Catholic of Castile
(illegitimate)
d. 1494
|
+----+-----------+
| |
ALFONSO II FADRIQUE
d. 1495 (deposed 1501)
|
FERDINAND II
d. 1296
8. The House of Castile & Leon
 SANCHO III
of Castile
|
+---------------+--------------+
| |
ALFONSO VIII “the Good” FERDINAND II
1158–1214 of Leon
| 1157–1188
+------------------+ |
| | |
LOUIS VIII = BLANCHE BERENGARIA = ALFONSO IX
of France | | 1188–1290
| |
St LOUIS FERDINAND III
King of Castile 1217–1252
King of Castile & Leon 1230–1252
|
+------------------------------+-----+
| |
ALFONSO X “the Learned” ELEANOR = EDWARD I
1252–1284 of England
|
SANCHO IV
1284–1295
|
FERDINAND IV
1295–1312
|
ALFONSO XI
1312–1350
|
+----+----------------------------+
| |
HENRY II PEDRO
(of Trastamara) “the Cruel”
1369–1379 1350–1369
| |
JOHN I = ELEANOR CONSTANCE = JOHN of Gaunt
1379–1390 | of Aragon
|
+-----+---------------------------+
HENRY III FERDINAND I
1390–1406 (elected King of Aragon)
| 1412–1416
| |
| +------------+
| | |
JOHN II JOHN II ALFONSO V
1406–1454 of Aragon of Aragon & Naples
| |
+-----------------------+ |
| | |
HENRY IV ISABEL = FERDINAND
1454–1474 of Castile of Aragon
1474–1504 1479–1516
9. The Guelfs & Ghibellines
 EMPEROR HENRY III
(Salian Line)
|
WELF IV HENRY IV
| Emperor 1056–1106
| |
+-----------+-----+ +----+--------+
| | | |
WELF V HENRY HENRY V AGNES = FREDERICK
“the Black” Emperor 1106–1125 | of Hohenstaufen
| |
+--------------+--+ +-------------------+-----+
| | | |
HENRY JUDITH = FREDERICK CONRAD III
“the Proud” | of Suabia Emperor 1138–1152
| |
HENRY = MATILDA FREDERICK I
“the Lion” | of England “Barbarossa”
of Saxony | Emperor 1152–1190
| |
| +--------------------------------+
| | |
OTTO IV HENRY VI = CONSTANCE PHILIP
Emperor 1198–1218 Emperor | Heiress of Sicily of Suabia
1190–1197 | & Naples Emperor 1198–1208
|
FREDERICK II
Emperor 1215–1250
|
+---------------------+--+--------------+
| | |
HENRY CONRAD IV MANFRED
King of the Romans 1250–1254 |
| |
CONRADIN d. 1268 CONSTANCE = PETER III
of Aragon
10. The Dukes of Burgundy & House of Habsburg
 HOUSE OF HABSBURG
JOHN “the Good” RUDOLF I Emperor 1273–1291
King of France 1350–1364 |
| |
PHILIP “the Bold” = MARGARET ALBERT I
Duke of Burgundy Heiress of 1298–1308
d. 1404 Duchy of Brabant |
|
| +----------------+-----+-----+
| | | |
JOHN “the Fearless” RUDOLF LEOPOLD ALBERT
murdered 1419 King of Bohemia d. 1326 d. 1358
| d. 1307 |
+--------------+ |
| | |
JOHN = ANNE PHILIP “the Good” LEOPOLD d. 1386
Duke of d. 1467 |
Bedford | ERNEST d. 1424
| |
| +---------------+
| |
CHARLES “the Rash” FREDERICK III
d. 1477 King of the Romans
| 1440–1493
| |
MARY = The Emperor MAXIMILIAN I
Heiress of Burgundy 1493–1519
 11. The House of Luxemburg
The Emperor HENRY VI CAROBERT
1308–1313 King of Hungary
| |
JOHN |
King of Bohemia +-------+----+
| | |
The Emperor CHARLES IV LOUIS ANDREW = Joanna I
1347–1378 “the Great” of Naples
| |
+--------+--------------+ +-------+
| | | |
WENZEL SIGISMUND = MARY HEDWIG = JAGELLO
King of Bohemia 1378–1419 King of Hungary of Lithuania
Emperor 1378–1400 Emperor 1410–1437 (LADISLAS V
of Poland
1386–1433)
12. The Paleologi
 MICHAEL VIII
1260–1282
|
ANDRONICUS II
1282-
dethroned 1326, died 1332
|
MICHAEL IX
(Joint Emperor with his father)
died 1320
|
JOHN CANTACUZENOS ANDRONICUS III
1347–1354 1328–1341
| |
HELENA = JOHN V
1341–1391
|
MANÚEL II
1391–1425
|
+------------------+------------------+
| |
JOHN VI CONSTANTINE XI
1423–1448 1448–1453
 FOOTNOTES
1
See p. 41.
2
See p. 43.
3
See p. 62.
4
See p. 48.
5
See Genealogy, p. 377.
6
See p. 85.
7
See p. 16.
8
See p. 95.
9
See p. 103.
10
See p. 120.
11
See p. 115.
12
See p. 77.
13
See p. 45.
14
See p. 143.
15
See p. 131.
16
See p. 122.
17
See p. 152.
18
See p. 154.
19
See p. 169.
20
See p. 115.
21
See p. 49.
22
See p. 164.
23
See p. 199.
24
See p. 194.
25
See p. 195.
26
See Genealogical Table, p. 378.
27
See p. 55.
28
The province of Dauphiné, formerly an imperial fief, was
acquired by the French crown in 1349, and became a regular
‘appanage’ of the King’s eldest son, conferring on him the
title of ‘Dauphin’, equivalent to the English title ‘Prince of
Wales’.
29
See p. 223.
30
See p. 53.
31
See p. 62.
32
See p. 215.
33
See p. 195.
34
See p. 229.
35
See p. 229.
36
See p. 247.
37
See p. 342.
38
See p. 229.
39
See p. 252.
40
See p. 151.
41
See p. 179.
42
See Genealogical Table, p. 379.
43
See p. 184.
44
See p. 230.
45
See p. 294.
46
See p. 232.
47
See p. 294, and genealogy, p. 380.
48
See p. 184.
49
See p. 229.
50
See p. 274.
51
See p. 207.
52
See Genealogical Table, p. 382.
 INDEX

A
Aachen, 93, 99, 102, 188.
Abelard, Peter, 208, 209, 211, 347, 349, 354.
Abu Bakr, 68, 74.
Abu Talib, 67, 69, 70.
Adrianople, 38, 332.
Agincourt, 250.
Alaric, 40, 41, 45.
Albert I, 278, 279.
Albigenses, the, 213, 214, 216, 217, 266.
Alboin, 51.
Alcuin, 82, 97, 99.
Aldine Press, 350.
Alessandria, 179.
Alexander II, Pope, 137.
Alexander III, Pope, 179.
Alexander VI, Pope, 361.
Alexius Commenus, 143 et seq.
Alfonso V of Aragon, 315, 361.
Alfonso VIII of Castile, 265, 266.
Alfonso X of Castile, 267, 271.
Alfred the Great, 105, 106, 107, 131.
Almohades, the, 265, 266.
Alsace, 276, 281, 282.
Ambrose, St., 33, 42.
Amerigo Vespucci, 345.
Anagni, 231.
Andrew of Hungary, 293, 313.
Andronicus II, 330.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 105, 113.
Anjou, Charles of, 229, 230, 312.
—, second House of, 314, 361.
Anno, Archbishop, 138.
Anselm, Archbishop, 142.
Antioch, 149.
Aquinas, Thomas, 209, 355.
Arcadius, the Emperor, 39.
Aristotle, 208, 210, 261, 355.
Arius, 30, 31.
Armagnac, 250, 251.
Arnold of Brescia, 211, 212, 326, 347.
Artevelde, Jacob van, 237, 239.
Assize of Clarendon, 163.
Athanaric, 39, 143.
Athaulf, 54.
Athelney, 106.
Athens, Duchy of, 329, 330.
Attila, 44, 45, 145.
Augustine, St., of Canterbury, 52.
Augustine, St., of Hippo, 42, 43, 97, 197, 208, 210, 349, 355.
Augustulus, the Emperor, 46, 363.
Augustus, the Emperor, 2, 4, 6, 9, 20, 98.
Averroës, 261.
Avignon, 232, 316, 317, 318, 321, 322, 323, 356.

B
Babylonish Captivity, 232, 316, 322.
Bacon, Roger, 207, 349.
Badr, battle of, 71.
Bagdad, 87, 146, 151.
Balearic Islands, 268.
Barcelona, 266, 268, 337.
Basil, St., 32.
Bavaria, Duchy of, 89, 91, 133.
Becket, Thomas, 160, 163–5, 202, 215.
Bedford, John, Duke of, 253, 257.
Belisarius, 50.
Benedict, St., 125.
Benedict IX, Pope, 135.
Benedictines, the, 126, 222.
Berengaria of Navarre, 156.
Bernard, King of Italy, 101.
Bernard, St., 126, 128, 129, 152, 153, 154, 209, 212, 214, 219,
347.
Black Death, the, 240, 241, 242.
Blanche of Castile, 217, 223.
Boccaccio, 241, 356.
Boethius, 48, 107.
Bohemia, 277, 317.
Bohemund, 145, 149.
Bologna, University of, 178, 201, 208.
Boniface, St., 88, 89, 98.
Boniface VIII, Pope, 230, 231, 311.
Bouvines, battle of, 169, 187.
Brandenburg, 131, 151.
Breisgau, 281.
Bretigni, Treaty of, 246.
Burgos, 264.
Burgundians, the, 55, 59.
Burgundy, Charles, Duke of, 280 et seq.
Burgundy, John, Duke of, 250, 252.
—, Philip, Duke of, 252, 256, 257.

C
Calais, 240, 248, 249, 257.
Canon Law, 202.
Canossa, 140, 141, 176, 183.
Cantacuzenos, John, 331.
Cape of Good Hope, 341.
Capet, Hugh, 109.
Capet, Odo, 109.
Capitularies, the, 96.
Carinthia, 277.
Carniola, 277.
Carthage, 45, 77, 228.
Carthusians, the, 127, 128.
Castile, 269, 270.
Catalan Company, the, 330.
Catherine, St., of Siena, 320 et seq.
Catherine of Valois, 251.
Caxton, William, 350.
Celestine V, Pope, 310.
Chalons, battle of, 44, 54.
Chambre des Comptes, 233.
Chanson de Roland, 80, 81, 82.
Charlemagne, 78 et seq., 101, 104, 107, 109, 142, 170, 200, 291,
349, 353.
Charles ‘Martel’, 62, 78, 88, 98.
Charles ‘the Bald’, 102, 103, 109.
Charles ‘the Fat’, 103.
Charles ‘the Simple’, 110.
Charles V of France, 245, 247, 248, 249.
Charles VI of France, 250.
Charles VII of France, 251, 252, 254, 256, 257, 258.
Charles VIII of France, 361, 362, 363.
Charles of Durazzo, 314.
Charles IV, the Emperor, 289, 293, 294 et seq., 324, 333, 346.
Chioggia, battle of, 306.
Chloderic, 58.
Chosroes, King, 73, 74.
Cid, the, 263 et seq.
Cimabue, 357.
Cistercians, the, 128, 215.
Civitas Dei, the, 43, 97, 222, 311.
Civitate, battle of, 115.
Clement V, Pope, 232.
Clement VII, Pope, 323.
Clericis Laicos, the Bull, 230.
Clermont, Council of, 147, 148.
Clovis, 57 et seq.
Cluni, 127, 133, 135.
Cnut, King, 108, 287.
Colonna, Stephen, 318.
Columbus, Christopher, 342 et seq., 349, 358, 360.
Comitatus, the, 16, 119.
Commines, Philip de, 280, 351, 362.
Commune, the French, 173, 284.
—, the Italian, 176, 177, 178, 180, 284.
Compostella, 265.
Condottieri, the, 301.
Conrad I, 131.
Conrad III, 152.
Conrad (son of Frederick II), 192.
Conradin, 194, 229, 269, 312.
Conseil du Roi, 233.
Consolations of Philosophy, the, 48, 107.
Constance of Naples, 181, 182, 183.
Constance, Perpetual Peace of, 180.
—, Council of, 324, 325, 326.
Constans II, Emperor, 75.
Constantine ‘the Great’, 27 et seq., 34 et seq.
Constantine ‘Pogonatus’, 75.
Constantine XI, 334 et seq.
Constantinople, 34 et seq., 40, 49, 74, 86, 87, 143, 306, 327, 328,
329, 335, 336, 338, 363.
—, Latin Empire of, 184, 329.
Constitutions of Clarendon, 164.
Cordova, Caliphate of, 260 et seq.
Corpus Juris Civilis, the, 49.
Cortenuova, battle of, 193.
Council of Ten, 304.
Courtrai, battle of, 234.
Creci, battle of, 239, 240.
Crema, 178, 179.
Crusade, the First, 147–50.
—, the Second, 129, 152, 158.
—, the Third, 154–8.
—, the Fourth, 184, 306.
—, the Seventh, 226–7.
—, the Children’s, 226.
Curia, the, 13, 14.
Curia Regis, the, 162.
Curiales, the, 13, 14, 19, 117.
Cyprus, 156, 226.

D
Dagobert, King, 60.
Danegeld, 108.
Danelaw, the, 106.
Dante, 294, 309 et seq., 356.
Danzig, 285, 292.
Decameron, the, 241.
Decretum, the, 202, 209.
Denmark, 108, 287.
Diaz, Bartholomew, 340.
Didier, King, 82–4.
Divina Commedia, 199, 311, 356.
Domesday Book, 113.
Dominic, St., 215, 216, 219.
Donation of Constantine, 85.