History and Civics Project-I

Grade-X [2025-26]

Date: 15/2/2025

Topic: Life Sketch of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam and his contributions

1. Introduction [6 to 7 sentences]

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, fondly known as the "Missile Man of India," was an eminent scientist and the 11th
President of India. Born on October 15, 1931, in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, his journey from a humble
background to becoming a national icon is inspiring. Dr. Kalam's significant contributions to India's space
and missile programs have left an indelible mark on the nation's scientific community. He played a
pivotal role in India's nuclear tests at Pokhran in 1998, earning India a place among nuclear nations.
Throughout his life, Dr. Kalam remained a staunch advocate for education, innovation, and national
development, making him a beloved figure among the youth. His life and work continue to inspire
millions across the globe.

2. Early Life [10 sentences]

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born into a modest family in the coastal town of
Rameswaram. His father, Jainulabdeen, was a boat owner and imam of a local mosque, while his
mother, Ashiamma, was a kind and supportive homemaker. Despite their financial constraints, his
parents were determined to provide their children with a good education. Kalam's early life was marked
by simplicity and a strong work ethic. He used to distribute newspapers after school to help support his
family financially. Even as a child, Kalam exhibited a keen curiosity and a deep passion for learning, traits
that would define his future endeavors. His teachers recognized his potential and encouraged him to
pursue his studies diligently. These formative years instilled in him the values of perseverance, hard
work, and humility.

3. Education [10 sentences]

Kalam's educational journey began at Schwartz Higher Secondary School in Ramanathapuram, where he
excelled in his studies. He later attended St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli, where he earned a degree
in Physics. Driven by his passion for aeronautics, he went on to study aerospace engineering at the
prestigious Madras Institute of Technology (MIT). At MIT, Kalam faced numerous challenges, including
financial difficulties, but his determination saw him through. He worked tirelessly on his projects, often
spending long hours in the laboratory. His dedication paid off when he successfully designed a small
hovercraft as his final year project. This academic experience not only honed his technical skills but also
reinforced his commitment to his chosen field.

4. Career as a Scientist [10 sentence

Kalam's career as a scientist began at the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO),
where he worked on a hovercraft project. He later moved to the Indian Space Research Organization
(ISRO), where he played a pivotal role in the development of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV),
which successfully launched numerous satellites into orbit. Kalam's expertise and leadership were
instrumental in the development of India's missile program, particularly the Agni and Prithvi missiles. His
work earned him the nickname "Missile Man." In 1998, Kalam was a key figure in India's nuclear tests at
Pokhran, which established India as a nuclear power. His contributions to India's defense and space
capabilities made him a national hero and a symbol of India's scientific prowess.

5. Presidency [10 sentences]

In 2002, Dr. Kalam was elected as the 11th President of India, serving until 2007. His presidency was
marked by his vision for a developed India and his efforts to engage with the youth. Known for his
humble demeanor and approachability, he was often referred to as the "People's President." Kalam
emphasized the importance of education, innovation, and national development in his speeches and
initiatives. He launched several programs aimed at inspiring and empowering the youth, including the
PURA (Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas) scheme. During his tenure, he continued to advocate
for scientific research and technological advancements, believing that these were crucial for India's
progress. His presidency left a lasting impact on the nation and its people

6. Post Presidency [10 sentences]

After his term as president, Dr. Kalam continued to engage with the youth and contribute to education
and science. He became a visiting professor at several academic institutions, including the Indian
Institute of Management Shillong, the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Hyderabad, and Banaras Hindu
University (BHU). He authored numerous books, delivered lectures, and participated in various
educational programs. Dr. Kalam's post-presidency years were dedicated to inspiring the next
generation and promoting his vision of a developed India. He remained actively involved in projects
aimed at societal development and innovation until his passing. His commitment to education and his
ability to connect with young minds cemented his legacy as an eternal mentor and guide.

7. Religious and spiritual views [5 to 6 sentences]

Dr. Kalam was known for his secular outlook and respect for all religions. He believed in the power of
spirituality to foster harmony and peace. His views were shaped by his interactions with various spiritual
leaders, including Pramukh Swami Maharaj of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sanstha. Kalam often
emphasized the importance of compassion, humility, and ethical values in one's life. He believed that
spiritual development was essential for personal growth and societal progress. Kalam's inclusive
approach to spirituality and his ability to find common ground among different faiths made him a
unifying figure in India's diverse society.
8. Books and documents

Dr. Kalam was a prolific writer, authoring several books, including "Wings of Fire," "Ignited Minds," and
"India 2020." His writings focused on his vision for India's development, science, and technology, and
personal reflections. His autobiographical book, "Wings of Fire," has inspired countless readers.

➢ Kalam’s writings

➢ Biographies

 “Wings of Fire" by Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam:

 “Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India" by Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam:

 “India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium" by Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam and Y.S.
Rajan

 “Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji" by Dr. APJ Abdul

Kalam:

 “A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: The Missile Man of India" by Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam and Arun
Tiwari:

 “A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: A Biography" by S. Muthiah:

9. Awards and honours [Important awards names has to be written]

Dr. Kalam received numerous awards and honors, including:

 Padma Bhushan (1981)

 Padma Vibhushan (1990)
 Bharat Ratna (1997)
 Hoover Medal (2009)
 Honorary doctorates from about 30 universities globally

10.Death [When, Where, How in brief 5 to 6 sentences]

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam passed away on July 27, 2015, while delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of
Management Shillong. He collapsed due to a cardiac arrest and was rushed to the hospital, where he
was declared dead. His death was mourned by the entire nation, and he was given a state funeral with
full honors. People from all walks of life paid tribute to him, remembering his contributions to science,
education, and national development. Kalam's legacy continues to inspire millions, and his teachings
remain relevant to this day.

11.Famous Quotes (Any six to be written, four images has to be pasted]

 “Dream, dream, dream. Dreams transform into thoughts and thoughts result in action."

 “You have to dream before your dreams can come true."

 “To succeed in your mission, you must have single-minded devotion to your goal."

 “If you want to shine like a sun, first burn like a sun."

 “The best brains of the nation may be found on the last benches of the classroom."

 “Don't take rest after your first victory because if you fail in the second, more lips are waiting
to say that your first victory was just luck."

12. Conclusion

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam's life is an inspiration to millions. His contributions to science, education, and
national development have left an indelible mark on India. His vision, humility, and dedication continue
to inspire people worldwide. Kalam's legacy as a scientist, educator, and leader serves as a guiding light
for future generations. He showed that with determination, hard work, and a dream, one can overcome
any obstacle and achieve greatness.

13. Bibliography

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Pictures:

1. Introduction
2. Early Life

3. Career as a Scientist

4. Presidency
5. Awards and Honours

6. Books written by APJ Abdul Kalam

7. Death