Exercise 1 :.

-;a;�; 14 ;;-

lillli Multlple choice questions I

4½
:. The magnitude of the average velocity
( 1 )(c) ( 2 )(d) ( 3 )(c) ( 4 ) (d) ( 5 )(b) ; 14 km/hr.
in the same direction of the two displacements
( 6 )(d) ( 7 )(c) ( 8 ) (b) ( 9 )(a) (10)(b)

-
(ll)(a) (12) (c) (13) (c) (14) (c) (15)(d) ( 2 ) If the two displacements are

(16) (a) (17)(b) (18) (a) (19) (a) (20)(b) in opposite directions
:. The total displacement vector

-
(21)(c) (22) (c) (23) (c) (24) (a) (25)(b) 27km.

(26) (a) (27) First : (b) Second: (d) ;27n -36n;-9;;-

36km.
(28) (a) (29)(b) (30)(d) (31)(d) (32)(d) -2 ;;­
•
:. -; ;=-2...!!.;
4t
(33)(c) (34) (a) (35)(a) (36)(b) (37)(d)
:. The magnitude of the average velocity
(38) (d) (39) (c) (40) (d) (41) (c) (42)(a)
;2 km/hr. in the direction of the
(43) (d) (44) (b) (45) (c) (46) (c) (47)(a)
second displacement.
(48)(d) (49) (b) (50) (d) (51) (b) (52)(c)
(53) (b) (54) (d) (55) (a) (56)(d) D
i§§+i,j,4: Essey questions The displacement vector AB; B-A
;(7 ,25) -(3 ,5) ;( 4 , 20)
D _4i+20j --c --,.
. v,-
.. ;1+5J
The time taken during the �
first stage; :;½ hour :. The norm of the average velocity
The time taken during the second stage
;� ;-{u length unit/sec.
; : ; 1t hour
Time of rest; : ; ¾ hour ,tan8; f ;5 :. 8;78° 4124

The total time;½ + I t + ¾ ; 2 hours

:. The direction of the average velocity vector makes
an angle of measure 78° 4124
The displacement vector;40 ;;-+ 8 0 ;;-;120 ;;­

:.-;•; 120 ;;-;60;;-

D
2 The covered distance; speed x time
:. The magnitude of the average velocity
;60 km/hr. in the direction of motion from Cairo to
:.(15Q+s);9QX i58 X 15
:. 150 + s;375 :. s;225 metre.
Ismailia.

D Displacement (s)
in metre

Time taken to cover the I" distance; -H- ; I ½ hours

Tune taken to cover the 2'"' distance; f� ;3 hours

The total time of the whole trip; I½+ 3;4½ hours

( I ) If the two displacements are in the
same direction
:. The displacement 27 km.
--n
36 kn1.
L....-L....1...-��Timc (I)
msec.
vector;27 n + 36 ;;-;63;;-
I 2 ) 4 , 6

3
�D
�
D ( I ) 1be average velocity in travelling
:. The actual speed of the enemy ship=40 km/hr.in
=�=� =30 km/hr. the same direction of the warship.
(2) TIie average velocity in returning back
=dis_tance =29. =45 km/hr.
(I!J
ume 2 Let;be a unit vector in the direction of the motion
(3) It means ,the motorcycle stopped for 3 hours
of the car of radar (A) and (B) is the truck.

D :. vA =40n ,v 8A=-120n
(I) Yes ,because each of them start his motion when
·:v 8A :v 8 -v A :.-120n =v 8 -40n
t=zero
(3) 80 minutes
:. v 8 =-80n
(2) After 30 minutes
( 4) ·: The slope of the graph line of Amr= l.=-s':i i.e. The actual speed of the truck (B)=80 km/hr.in
the opposite direction of the car of radar.
=-0.18
:. The speed of Amr=0.18 km/min. m
( S ) He reaches after 50 minutes Assuming that the two trains are
i.e. At the time 10: 20 am.
adjacent after t hours
A.c:::.L.....
D A--3.5km--B

( I) s 1 + s2 =35 :. 50 t + 20 t=3.5
Let ;be a unit vector in the direction of the motion
of the car (a) and the motorcycle is denoted by (b) :. 70 t=35 :. t = f<i hours=3 min.
(I ) The motorcycle (b) moves in the same direction :. The two trains are adjacent after 3 minutes
of motion of the car (a) (2) s 1 -s2=35
:. ;•= 80; ,;b=30n :. 50 t -20 t =35 A� 8
-)Jt:m.- 52

:. ;,,.=;•_;_=30; -80n =-50n :. 30 t=35

i.e. The motorcycle seems as it moves in the :. t =i hour=7 minutes
opposite direction of the car with a speed
:. The two trains are adjacent after 7 minutes.
50 km/hr.
(2) The motorcycle (b) moves in the opposite
direction of the motion of the car (a)
m
Let;be a unit vector in the direction BA
:. ;_= 80;, ;b=-30 0
:. ;.. .
:;b_; =-30; -800
=-110n
- :. ;A=60n ,v8=90n

(I);BA=;8 _;A=90;-60n = 30n

i.e. TIie mo1orcycle seems as it moves in the
(2);AB=;A _;9=60n -90 n =-30n
opposite direction of the car with speed 110 km/hr.
(3) t=f= ::g =½ hou =20 minutes.
r
D
Let;be a unit vector in the direction of the
destroyer ship (a) and the enemy ship is (b)
m
vob=f=;!::,·_=2 km/min.= 120 km/h.r.
·: ;,=60; ,;,,.=-20n
Let;be a unit ,·ector in the direction of the given
car (a) and the other car is (b)

4
:. ;,=70; ,;,.= 120n :.V 8A= -1 100
-
· vab =v.-vb v 8 - I�
.-. � v = (2)
2 A -1IOn
:. 120n=70n-v• :. ;.= -50n from(I)and(2)we deduce that
:. The actual velocity of the other car = 50 km/hr. in
v A= 40n ,v 8= -90n
the opposite direction of the given car.
:. The actual speed of the car(A)=40 km/hr. and

m the actual speed of the car (B) =90 km/hr. in the

opposite direction of the car(A)
·: The two aeroplanes fly with the same speed and in
the same direction. m
:. The speed of launching the rocket
= += 5 f =2 50 m/sec. :.
-
:.. =- 140n
-
Letnbe a unit vector in the direction of police car(a)

m
·.- v.-v,= -140n (I)
:. ;ca =60;
·: The aeroplane and the bomber have the :arne speed
(2)
and the same direction.
Su �tracting(_:) from(2) : :. ;c - ;•= 200n
:. The speed of launching the rocket = +
:.vc•= 200n
= 1J1- = 5 km/min.= 300 km/hr.
:. vcb = 200 km/hr. in the same direction of police car.
·: The total speed of the rocket = 1200 km/hr.
:. The speed of any of the two planes m
Letnbe a unit vector in the direction of the police
= 1200-300 = 900 km/hr.
car(A)
.-.v8 A= 60n
• Letnbe a unit vector in the direction of the motion :. V8-V A=60n (I)
of the car(A)
When the police car doubled its velocity
:. V BA= -120n
(2)
:. V 8 -V A= -120 ll (I) From(l)and(2): :. v 8= 120n ,v A= 60n
• After doubling the velocity of the car (A) :. The speed of the police car =60 km/hr.,the
:. VB A= -180 0 speed of the truck= 120 km/hr.in the same
direction.
:. v 8-2 v A =-180n (2)
From(I)and(2): filJ
Letn be a unit vector in the direction of the police
We deduce that v A =60n ,v8= -60n
car(a)
:. The actual speed of the car(A)=60 km/hr.and
:. v,= 42n
the actual speed of the car(B)= 60 km/hr.in the
· :.. =- �2n :. �.-v,= :_ 132n
opposite direction of the car(A)
:. v•-42n= - 132n :. v.=-90n
m :. v•= 90 km/hr. in the opposite direction of the
• Let n be a unit vector in the direction of motion of police car.
the car (A) ·:vca=-12n
:. V BA = -130n :. ; -42 n =- 12 n
c
:. V 8 -V A =- 1300 (I) :. ; = 30n
c
:. vc= 30 km/hr. in the same direction of the police car.
When the car(A) decrease its velocity to the half

5
m @-=--- m
Let n be a unit vector in the direction of Ille r-o
trains and let the length of the train (a) be • -
�-20km.--
c -,u ..-,-a-)�
r1-.
( e r-h-p__)�
+:::J S i b(
va ..-52""n'" vb •-40"'ii :. :_. = IOOn_,v• =�n

�-;:--1wn ·: v •• = 100 n -(i()n = 40n

:. The train (a)covers a distance (190+ s) nx:uc
Letn be a unit vector in the direction of the cruiser (a) with speed 40 kmlhr. within time= 27 secoads
:. The total speed of torpedo (c) :. 190+s=40x fi x27
=the speed of crujser+the speed at which the :. 190+ s= 300 :. s = 1 IO metres.
torpedo has been launched :. length of the train (a)= 110 m.
=52 + 108 = l(i() kmlhr. When the train (a)crosses the bridge then it will
:. v, = v,-vb= l(i()n+40n=200n cover a distance=110 + 90= 200 metre
b
200
:. v,b= 200 krnJhr. in the positive direction :. Time of crossing the bridge=
5
100 X J8
- s - 20 km. -
• t- - I hour- •
-6 mmutes.
•• vob - 200 km/hr. To = 7 .2 seconds.

m 1ml Higher skills

Letn be a unit vector in the direction of the train (a)
_._-;0=120n
D
( 1) (d) (2)(c) (3)(c) ( 4)(b)
(1)-;.=0
- -
·: v..=v,-v. = 120n
( 5 )(d) ( 6 )(c)
Instructions to solve numberD
( 7)(c) ( 8) (c)

:. In order to the train (a)passes from train (b)it

will cover a distance= 80+ 120= 200 metre ( 1) Draw MC.LAB
M
with speed 120 krnlhr. :. AC = BC = r sfof
8,
i.e. 120x fi f
= 1 mJsec. :. AB = 2 r sm f =w
A 8
T•T

:. The djsplacemenl =2 r sin f

:. The required time = �: = 6 seconds.
s s
(2) ._. t, U, , t, =
U,
=
(2)v.= 70n
s s s (u +")
:. v.. = v.-v b= 120n-70n = 50n :. The total time= uI + U2 = �
I 2
:. The train covers a distance 200 m. = Total dista nce
_._ The average speed
with speed= 50 kmJhr. Total time
2s
• 50x Tii _ 12 5 m Jsec.
5 -
9
1.e.

:. The required time = �� = 14.4 sec.

-
(3)Let the motion time= I hr.
(3)-;.=-80n
·: vab =
-v.-v•- =120n+80n= 200n :. s 1 = IO t , s2 = 14 t
, ·: s2-s 1 = 20 :. 14 t-l 0 t=20
:. The train (a)covers a distance 200 metre
:. 4 t = 20 :. t= 1j1- = 5 hr.
with speed 200 krnlhr.
:. The distance the body covers with speed
5_
• 200x Tii - 500 m Jsec. 14 krnlh. = 14 x 5 = 70 km.
9
1.e.

:. The required time=:=3.6 sec. ( 4)Let n be a unit ,-ector in direction of motion of

9 the two trains and the length of each train = s m.

6
 D
Let n be a unit vector in Ille direction of Ille helicopter
:. v AB=46 n - 36 n = lO n (a) and Ille train is (b)
.'. VAB X 36=2 S lOx i5s x36=2 s :.:::, = t26fmlhr. = 1 26xfs=35 m/sec.
:. s =50 m. ·: v,=35 n
( 5 ) ·: The competitor had finished a complete Assume that the length of the train=s
revolution. • In the first case
:. The displacement = zero From the behind end of the train to its front end in
:. The magintude of the average velocity time=15 sec.
:. vabx IS=s :. (v,-v.)x l5=s
= zero = zero m 1sec.
100 .'. (35- vi) X 15 =S (I)
( 6) ·: The train moves wilh constant speed
• In the second case:
(15 m/sec.) and passes a man at rest in
From the front end to the behind end in time t=20 sec.

:.
27 seconds.
The train length=15 x27=405 m.
:. ;, = ¥- ;';'=17.5 ;';'
.'. Vb, X 20 =S :. (vb- v,)x2 0=s
When Ille train passes a platform of lenglh 150 m.
:. (v.-17.5)x20=s (2)
the distance covered=150 +405 =555 m.
555 =37 second, From (I) and (2) we get
:. The time=.!-=
V 15 15 (35-vb)=20 (vb-17.5)
( 7 ) ·: The average speed during the whole journey :. 3 (35-vi)=4 (vb - 17.5)
_ d 1 +d2 :. 105-3 vb=4 vb -70 :. 7 vb=175
- 11 +l2
:. vb=25 m/sec. and from (I):
30+90
: 40 = :. t 1 + t2=t;f}=3 hours.· :. (35-25)x l5=s :. s= 150 metre
. lF,
:. The length of the train=150 metres,
- 30 -
:. 12=2 hr.
' ··1
• I- 30 -
Jhr

:.u=¥ :. IJ=45 km/hr. D

Let the length The direction of the train
( 8 ) Let the velocity of the first train= vA
of the bridge
, the velocity of the second train=v 8 AB=s km. 1.s
I 8 I
, let n be unit vector in direction of motion of
t
When the man is at c A D B
the first train. at a distance s from A
·: The first train passes a man at rest in 27 sec.
he heared the whistle of the train and if the man
:. The length of the first train=27 vA returned lhis distance he will meet the train al (A)
, ·: The second train passes the same man in 17 sec. so if he moved the same distance in the direction
from A to B which he reaches point (D)
:,

' ·:
The length of the second train=17 vB
�AB=vA;-ve(-;';')=(vA +vB);
at a distance f s the train will be at (A)
·: The time elapsed for the man reaches B
, ·: The two train passes each other in 2 3 sec. =lhe time elapsed for the train reach B
:, The length of the two trains=vABx2 3 1. s
_8_=...!._
=(vA +vB)x23 v(man) 60
:. 27 vA + l7 vB=23 vA +23 vB :, f
v(man)= x60 = 15 kmlhr.
i.e. The man moves with uniform speed 15 km/hr. to
:.
v' =f =t reach B
v.

7
 Exercise 2
·: V0= 132 X fg
=I �Q mJsec.
fs f
, v=24 x = mJsec.
( 1 )(b) ( 2 )(c) ( 3 )( c) ( 4 )(c) ( 5 )(b) .• • v2=v!+ 2as
( 7 )( a) ( 8 )(d) ( 9 )(c)
:. ( f) =( 1�o) + 2xa x1170
2
( 6 )(a) (10)(c) 2

(11)(b) (12)(a) (13)(d) (14) (c) (15)(a)

:. a= -j mJsec. 2

(16)(d) (17)(a) (18)(c) (19) (a) (20)(c)

·: v=v 0+at
(21) (a) (22)(d) (23)(b) (24) (a) (25) (c) :. t=54 seconds
(26)(a) (27)(b) (28)(c) (29) (C) (30)(a) At rest we put v=0, v0= 20
2 3
(31) (d) (32)(b) (33)(d) (34) (c) (35)(c) .•. zero=(l!l.) -2x2. xs .-. s=40 metres.
3 9
(36) (a) (37) (c) (38)(d) (39)(a) (40)(d)
(41)(c) (42)(c) (43)(d) (44)(a) (45)(b) u
The distance on descending hill
(46) (a) (47)(b) (48)(d) (49)(b) (50)(d)
v2 -u2 (18)2 -o
(51) (a) (52)(c) (53)(d) (54)(b) (55) (c) s 1 =7a=�= 81metre.

(56) (d ) (57)(b) (58)(a) (59)(d) (60)(c) The distance on the hori zontal road

(61) (b) (62) (b) (63) (c) (64)(d) (65)(b) s2=vi=18 x60= 1080 metres
:. The total distance =81+ !080= 1161 metres.
(66) (c) (67)(c) (68)(d)

IE-JIHl•I Essay questions I 0

• In the first period a=-¼ m./KC1 .

D v2=v! + 2 as u=zero 1------+-----lv=O

·: v0=54x fs =15 mJsec. .'. (8)2 =zero+ 2 X 0.2 XS
v=Sm.Jscc.

(l)·:v=v0+at :. zero=15 +5 a :. s= 160 metres

2 ·: v=v 0+at .-. 8=zero+ 0.2 t
:. a=- 3 mJsec.

( 2 ) ·: s=v 0t+ ½ at 2 .-. t=40 seconds

:. s= 15 x5- ½ x3 x( 5) =37.5metres.
• In the second period :
2
2
v2=v!+ 2as :. zero=( 8) - 2x¼ xs
:. s= 128 metres
v+v 7.5+v0 v=v0+at :. zero=8-¼t
s=Txt :. 19=- - x4.5
2 :. t=32seconds
:. v0= :� mJsec. Total time= 40+ 32=72 seconds.
Total distance=160+ 128=288metres.
IJ
• The flrst stage D
s 1=v 0t+ ½ at =0+ ½ x4x( 30) = 1800cm.
2 2 • The first case :
½ x½ x6 =9 metres
s 1= 0+ 2

v=0+ ½ x6=3
v=v0+at=0+ 4x30=120cmJsec.
mJsec.
• The second stage
• The second case :
s2 = vt= 120x40=4800 metres
The total dislance s2=vt=3 x6=18 metres
:. The a verage speed
The total time The distance which karim co vered
4
1800+ 800
0 40 =9 472 cmJsec. =9+18=27m.
3 +

8
II Put s=162
Before using brakes :. 162=4 5t-½ x 6t2
s1=vt=24x ½ =12metres :. 12 - 15 t+54=0 (I-6)(1 - 9) =zero
after using brakes v'= v!+2a s2 :. t = 6 or t = 9
2 2
-< 4> =30 metres Put s=-162
... s2=co> x-2
2 9.6 :. -162=4 51-½ x 612
:. The total distance=12+30=4 2metres. :. 12-151-54=0 (1-18)(1+3)=0
D :. t=18 seconds or I=- 3(refused)
Putting s=10 5 :. 10 5= 60 t-½ x 7. 512 :. The ball will be at distance 162 cm.
:. 12- 16t+28=0 :.(t-2)(I-14)=0 in 6 , 9 , 18 seconds.
t=2 or I=14
:. The particle will be at a distance I 0 5cm. from(0)
m 0-
Vo=40cm/J« 84cm. ,A
•••BomJ>«'.1-! ___;:_c_.:::;_�i .:..._)
and in the same side in times 2 , 14 seconds.
-96cm. , 14cm. !A
:. Putting s=- 30 0 :.-30 0=60 t-½ x 7.5t 2
( l ) ·: v' = v!+2as
:. 12-161-8 0=0 :. (t-2 0)(1+4)=0
:. v2=( 4 0) 2 - 2 X 8 X 8 4=256
:. t=20 or t=-4 (refused)
:. v= ±16cmJsec.
:. The particle will be at a distance 30 0 cm.from the
It is the velocity of the particle at(A) going in
point(0) in the other side after 20 seconds.
the(+ve) direction and coming back in(-ve)
direction.
II!)
s=±720 cm (2) ·: v2=v!+2as
•As s=720 :. V 2:( 4 0) 2 - 2 X 8 X- 96=3J 36
:. 720=150 1+½ x(-15)xt 2 :. v =-56cmJsec.

:. 1,] t2- 150 1+720=0 Because the particle will be mo ving in the
opposite direction of the initial velocity.
:. 12-20 I+96=0
:. 1= 8 seconds , t=12seconds
:.(t-12)(1-8)=0
m
•AS s=-720 The a verage velocity within 4"' seocnd

:.-720=150 I+½ X (- 15) X t 2 =� =26mJsec.at t=3.5sec.

:. � 12- 150 t-720=0 the average velocity within 9th second

:. t 2 -20 1-96=0 :. (t-24)(I+4)=0 f

=5 =56mJsec. at t = 8.5sec.

:. t=24 seconds. a=•�

2 -•,
= 56-26 =6mJsec.2
S.5-35

m 2
·: v=v0+at
:. 26=VO+6 X 3.5 :. v 0=5 mJsec.
( I ) Put s=zero :. zero=4 5t-½ x 61

m
2
:. t -15t=zero :. 1(1-15)=0
:. t = 15 ·: The a verage velocity during the third second
:. The ball returns to the projection point after
15seconds.
1/1
= =20 mJscc.
:. The velocity at time 2½ seconds=20 mJsec.
(2) The ball is at a distance 162 cm.from the :. 20=v 0+2½ a (I)
projection point when s=±I 62

9
 "'
·.- the average velocity during (8"' , 9"' and IO
"' ( 2) The average velocity during the 3 second
seconds) =the velocity at the time 2½second.
= l�O = 50 mlsec. ·: v=v0+t :. v=7+2x2½= 12 mlsec.
:. The velocity at the time 8½seconds=50 mlsec. :. The covered distance during the 3"' second
:.50=v0+8½a (2) = 12 xI= 12 metres.
Subtracting (I) from (2) :
:. 30 = 6 a .-. a=5 mlsec 2
m
• The first stage :
Substituting in (I):
a 1 =036 km/hrlsec.= i'o m/sec 2

:. 20=v0+5x2½
·: V = V0+at :. 8=0+ i'o 1
m
1
.-. 1
1
= 80 seconds.
·: The average velocity during the I" Four seconds 2
·: v =v!+2
= 2� = 50 mlsec. :. s 1 = 320 m.
:. The velocity at the time 2 seconds= 50 mlsec. • The second stage
:.50=v0+2 a (I) 1 = 112 - 80=32 seconds.
2
The average velocity during the two seconds 7•h v=v0+at :. zero= 8+32 a
and 8"' seconds= � =25 mlsec. :. a=-4I mJsec2.
.-.The velocity at the time 7 seconds= 25 mlsec. 2
:. S=V0t+ ½ at
:.25=v 0+7 a
Subtracting (2) from (I)
(2)
s2= 8x32+ ½ x-¾ x(32) = 128 metres.
2

:. 25=-5 a :. a=-5 mlsec: :. The total distance=320+ 128= 448 metres.

Substituting in (I)
:. vO=60 mlsec. • The first stage :
� Ua,/omi Umform
V=S4 X 5 _..,._ ,•docil)' mardatioa
:. The initial velocity= 60 mlsec. Ts " a11,--,,,,c-,.- +--ccJOOc-m---+----< ,-o
_,
·.- vO= 60 mlsec. , v= 0 mlsec. , a=-5 mlsec2 = 15 mJsec.
·: v2=v!+2 as , s 1 = J.50 metres•
v+v
:. (0)2=(60)2+2 x -5 x s :. s = 360 m. S :� X l

:. The distance covered till the particle :. 150=¥1 :. I= 20 seconds

stop= 360 metres.
• The second stage :
s=300 m. ,t = += �=20 seconds
·: v0=7 mlsec. , a=2 mlsec'., s= 30 metre • The Third stage :
2
·: S = V 1+½at
0
:. 30 =7 I+½X 2 X t2 y:;::v0+at :. 0= 15-t I
:. t2+7 t- 30= 0 :. (t+IO)(t - 3)=0 :. t = 10 seconds
:. I=-10 (refused) or I= 3 seconds. ·: s=v 0t+ at2 ½
•
• v=v
. 0+at :. v=7+2 x 3= 13 mlsec. 1 x 3 x 100=75 metres.
:. s= 15 x 10- 2 2
·: The body moved with uniform velocity= 13 m/sec.
:. The total time=20+20 + 10=50 seconds.
for a distance 52 metres.
:. The average speed within the whole trip
:. t=-;-= �� =4seconds.
150+300+75
= 105 mJsec.
( 1 ) The total time of motion=3 +4=7 seconds 50

10
m m
·: v0=0,v=ll8.8xfg=33 mlsec. • The first case
Before using brakes. ·: v2=v!+2 as
·: v2=v!+2as .". (33) 2= 0+2 X 3 XS .".(150)2 : (200) 2+2 X 0.14 a
:. s=181.5 metre :. a=- 62500 mlsec�
•.• y:::;y +at .-. 33=0+31 :. The magnitude of the acceleration=62500 mJsec�
.-. t=11 seconds • The second case
During using brakes ·: v2=v!+2as
vO=33 mJsec. , v= 0 mJsec., s=24.75 metre :. zero=(200) 2+2xsx- 62500
·: v2=v!+2 as :. (zero/=(33)2+2 ax 24.75 .-. s=0.32 m. =32 cm.
:. a=-22mlsec: ·: v=v0+at
:. zero=33+(-22) xt :. l=1.5 seconds m accelcratian = a
Time=4
acceleratian=0
1ime=3
accekratian = -2a
Time=t
:. The total distance covered by the car A 52 cm. B 48cm. C D
=181.5+24.75=206.25 metres, ·: The velocity is constant in the distance BC
The total time of motion=II+1.5=12.5 seconds. = 48 =16 cmJsec.
3
Uniform Uniform :. v8=16 cmlsec.
,·tlocity
800m.
"f"""r • In the distance AB
16+v
:. 52=� X 4
:. v0=10 cmJsec.
The first stage :
:. v=v0+at :. 16=10+4 a :.a=l.5 cmJsec�
v0=0 , v=10 mlsec. , s=400 m.
·: The body in the distance CD moves with
·: v2 =v!+2 as :. (10)2=0+2 ax400
t
:. a= mlsec:
uniform retardation=- 2 a=- 2x1.5
=-3 cmJsec�
·: v=v0+at
·: v8 =v = 16 cmJsec. , v0= zero
:. t= 80 seconds. c
·: v2 =v!+2as
The second stage
·.- The particle moves with uniform velocity :. (zero/=(16/ +2x(-3) xs
.-.t=f= 8� = 80 second. s=42t cm.
The total distance=52+ 48+ 42t =142t cm.
The third stage
vO= 10 mlsec. , v= zero , s=200 m. a=O
·.- v2= v!+2 as :. (zero)'=(10) 2+2 ax200 a=IO m./sec2 . v=v 8 a=-5 m./sec 2 .
v0 =0 1-----4-------+----lv =0
:. a=-¼ mJsec: A 125m. B
400m.
C D
·: v=v +at
0
:. zero=10+(-¼)t With respect to the motion with acceleration
:. t= 40 seconds. ·: s=v 0t+ ½ at2 :. f
125= x IOt2
:. The total time taken in covering the whole distance :. t=5 seconds
= 80+ 80+ 40=200 seconds. ·: v=v0 +at :. v=0+5x10=50 mlsec.
The average speed during covering the whole With respect to the motion with uniform velocity
distance
t=7 :. t=�=8 seconds.
400+��+200 •== 7 mlsec.
With respect to the retardation motion

11
·: v=v0+at :. zero=50-5 t Assuming that the two balls will meet at C after time(t)
:. t= IO seconds. from the moment of the motion of the second ball

:. The total time of the whole trip=5+8+ IO=23 sec. :. With respect the first ball

m ·: s= VI :. BC=12 t cm.
with respect to the second ball
The distance covered with uniform velocity
= I 150-150=1000 m.
s=v01+ ½ a1 2
½
:. AC=4 t+ x2 1
2

2
:. AB+BC=4 I+t
The uniform velocity=the final velocity of the
f
2 2
:. 48+12 t=4 t+t :. t -8 t-48=0
accelerated motion= = 1�=50 m/sec.
2 :. (1+4)(t-12)=0
·: v = v!+2 as
:. t=- 4(refused) or t=12 seconds.
:. (50/=v!+2x3x150
:. The two balls will impact after 12 seconds from
:. v!=1600 :. v0= 40 m/sec.
the beginning motion of the second ball
m 24 sec.
v0=0 1-----11----1 ----lv =O
I" nage
32 sec.

2nd s1age
8 sec.

3rd stage
·: BC=12 1=12x12=144 cm.
:. AC=48+144=192 cm.
With respect to the I" stage :. The two balls will impact at a distance192 cm.

a=180x fir x'to=¾ m/sec 2

from the beginning point A

·: s=v0 t+ ½at 2 :. v= 4+2x12=28 cm/sec.

s =0+ ½ x ¾ x(24) =240 metres. 2 :. The velocity of the second ball before impact
:. 1
directly=28 cm/sec.

m
·:v=v0+a t
:. v=0+¾ x24=20 m/sec.
The first stage
3rd stage 720cm
With respect to the 2"" stage vO=20 m/sec.
v0=zero ,s=540 cm.
a=- 450 x � =-t m/sec! , a=120 cm/sec!
3
·: s=v 0t+ ½ at 2 , ·: s=v01 + fat 2 2nd Stage 360cm.

540=zero+ ½ x l20x1;
:. s2=20x32 - ½ xt x(32) =576 metres. 2 :.
J"s1agc S40cm.
:. 1 1 =3 seconds
·: V=V +a t
·: v=v0+a t
:. v=20-t x32=16 m/sec.
:. v=0+ 120x3 =360cm/sec.
with respect to the 3"' stage The second stage
v+v 0 16
·:s= Txt :. s3= ; x8=64 m. I=.!.
:. The total distance covered by the car :. t;= �� = I second

=240 +576+64=880 metres The 3"' stage

v=O, v0 = 360cmli«. ,s=720 cm.
m lkginning
point
Posuion of
11
1 ba11aftt-r
4KC
lmpa<t
point
;, v2= v!+2 as 2
:. lrro=(360) +2 3 X 720
:. ii =-90 cmlsec'
A B C
·:v=v0+a t _._ ZttO=360+(-90) 13
Suppose that the point A is the beginning point and
:. 1 , =4 second.
the first ball will become at B after 4 seconds from
the moment of passing by A The time taken bi,· 1hr 6ft to rise up
·: s=vt :. AB= 12x4=48 cm. =3+1+4=8-..ds..

12
fiiJ •=22m./sec2. �:7i;
•=·I.I m.lsec1•
In the first stage :
v0=01------i-----+-----I v=O
(I)
----- >ll!Om -----
·: s=v 0t+½ a t2=IO v0+ ½ a(IO )'
From the first stage :
:.400=10v 0+50a :.v 0 +5a=40 (2)
v=v0+ at
lo the second stage :
:. 44=0+2.2 t
vO in the second stage=v in the first stage
:. t = 20seconds
2
2 2 ·.- s=v 0t+ ½ at
:. s= v 0t+½a t = 0+½x2.2x( 20) =440 metres

from the third stage : :. 700=IO(v 0+10a )+ ½x2ax100

·: v=v0+at :. 700=IO v 0+100a+100a
:. zero=44- l .l t :. 700= 10 VO+200a
:. t = 40 seconds :. V +20a=70 (3)

s =v 0t+½a t 2=44x40- ½xI.Ix( 40)' = 880metres Subtracting( 3) from( 2): :. 15a=30

:. The distance which the train covered in 2nd stage :. a=2cmJsec7
=5280-( 440+880)=3960metres Substituting in( 2) : :. v O=30cmJsec .
:. The time of the 2nd stage =-;- = 3� = 90sec. and substituting in(I) :

the total time=20+ 40+90=150seconds :. v(of the first stage )

=2.5 minutes. =v 0+10a=30+IOx2=50cmJsec.
v(at the end of the second stage )= v O+a t
Unifonn
\'clocity -2•
= 50+ 2axIO=50+ 4xIO=90cmJsec.
V =O 1------i-----+-----IV •O
ro ..... 120sec. In the third stage :
-----9900m. -----
v2 =v!+2as :. zero=( 90)'- 2x3axs
In the first stage :
:. zero=( 90)'- 2x6xs :. s=675cm.
v=vO+at :. v=60 a mlsec.
·,- s=v0t+ tat 2
The total distance = 400+700+675
=1775cm.

m
s 1 = 0+½ax( 60)' = 1800a metres
Io the second stage :
s2 = vxt = 60ax 120 = 7200a metre The car B moves with uniform velocity
In the third stage : = 54x fg = 15mJsec.
2
·: v =v!+2as :. zero=( 60a /-2x2axs 3 ·: The relative velocity=162x fg =45mJsec.
. •. s3=900 a metres :. The velocity of the car A at the meeting
s, : s 2 : s 3=I800a : 7200a : 900a =45 - 15=30mJsec.
=2 : 8 : I suppose that the two cars met after(t) seconds
·: The total s = 9900metres
·: v=v0+at :. 30=0+ IO t :. t=3seconds.
:. 1800a+7200a+900a=9900
:. 9900a=9900 :. a= I mlsec� m
:. v = 60xI = 60mJsec. ( 1 ) ·: v 2=v!+ 2as :. zero=( 9/- 2x1.8s
:. s=22.5 metres .
EiiJ Accekra1ion Acceleration Rrtatda1ion ( 2) The distance which the ball covers from
,'--f---'("'"- --f---'t'-3 ,)'------l v =O
- "'
2
•ol---"
( ) )

s=400�m. 5=700cm.
beginning motion till turns back to the first point
O
t•I ICC. I a 10sec. =2x22.5=45metres

13
 -••·•m-; (2) ·: v.=o
2 at
(3) ·: s=v0t+ _!_
'=::::::J
2
I_ 22.S m
:. S= 9 X 8- ½ X 1.8 X (8) = 14.4 m.
2
:. s,=½ax(I0/=50 a

·: v = vO+at= 9 - 1.8 x 8=-5.4 m/sec. , ·: s,+s = f ax(20)2= 200 a

2

i.e. The body comes back :. s2=200 a-50 a= 150 a

The distance covered after 8seconds
:. i=2!1JL= ..L :. s, = 3s ,
=22.5+22.5-14.4=30.6 metres s2 150a 3
(3) Assume that the man catchs the last door in the
(4) ·.- s=-40 because it is in the opposite direction
train in t seconds.
·: v = v!+2 as=( 9) +2 x-1.8x-40=225
2 2

So ,the man co vers distance = 10 1

:. v=-15 m/sec.
, the train covers distance=�+f at
2
because the body is moving in the opposite direction.
=fx l x t'=tt'

( 1 ) The acceleration= 7 0- 10= 2 m/sec

30-0
2
:. 10 t - t 1 = 50
2
:. t - 20 t +I00 = 0
2

(2) The retardation= �

0}� =-3.5 m/sec :.(t -10/=0 :. t= 10
2

1
( 4 ) Let v be the train speed at its midpoint and the
( 3) The stage of accelerated motion vO= IO m/sec.
train acceleration=a
, v= 70 m/sec., t=30 seconds
• Study the motion of the first half of the train :
·: v =v! + 2as
2

:. (70) =(I 0) + 2x 2x s,
2 2

The6- Tbe midpoa.it The tailcnd

:. s, = 1200 metres oftbe bUI al &:be tnin of 1he train
The stage of uniform velocity 2
·: v = v: + 2 as
t= 90 -30= 60 seconds :. 2 v = 2 v: +4 a s
2
(I)
s2= vt=70x 60 = 4200 metres
• Study the motion of the whole train :
The stage of retardation
:. v;=v:+2 ax2 s :. v;=v:+4 a s (2)
v0 = 70 m/sec., v = 0 ,t=110- 90 = 20 sec.
From (I) , (2):
·: v2 =v!+2as
:. 2 v -v;=v�
2

,', 0 =(70) +2 -3.5 s3

2
X X

:. v2 vi +v2
2 2
:. s3= 700 metres
=
:. The total distance= 1200+ 4200+ 700 2
( 5) ·: v =v!+ 2 a s
2
=6100 metres.

11ml Higher skills :. v =(7) + 2 (4)(30) = 289 :. v=17 cm/sec.

2 2

,·.·v=v+at :. 17 = 7+4 t
D 0

:. t=2.5 sec.
( l)(d) (2)(c) (3)(b) (4)(d) ( 5)(a)
:. The covered distance (from t=2 to t = 2 f)
( 6)(d) ( 7 )(c) ( 8 )(c) ( 9)(a) (10)(b)
equals s2� - s2
(11) First: (b)
Instructions to solve number O:
Second : (c)
t
= [7x25+ x4 x (25) ]-[7x2+ x4x(2) ]
2
t 2

=8cm.
( 1) In the choice (d)
, ·: the body moves with constant speed after
·: The body moves with constant speed in
a straight line that (v = 17 cm/sec.) and it covers distance

:. The acceleration=zero (34 cm.) ,then the time= � =2 sec.

i.e. It is impossible that acceleration can be variable. (1\vo more seconds)

14
 :. The covered distance (from t=2 ½ to t=3)
=17 x½=8.5 sec.
:. The distance covered during the third second
=8 + 8.5 =1 6.5 cm.
( 6) To find the covered distance Lill the moment (t 1 )
·: The area of the rectangle under the truck
graph > The area of the triangle under the car let the number of planks=n planks
graph so to make the bullet stop i.e. v = 0in distance (s n )
:. The displacement of the truck is more than :. (zero/=v! + 2a s n
the displacement of the car
:. -v2 =2a s n (2)
, ·: the motion in a straight line.
Divid; (2) by (I): :. n= \� "'5.26
:. The truck covers distance more than the car.
:. the least number of planks= 6planks
( 7) ·: The slope of the two graphs of the two bodies
A ,B in the given position-time graph equal (11) First: ·: sA=4t +½a t2 , s8 = 6t +½a t2
constant and the slope of the graph of A> the .'.S 8 -sA=21
slope of the graph of B
:. the distance between them after t sec is an
:. Each of A , B moves with constant speed and equation of a straight line passes through ( 0 , 0)
the speed of A is more than the speed of B and its slope=2
( 8) By studying motion of A: Second:·: vA=4+a t ,v8 = 6+a t
S =VI+ _l at2
t o 2
nL..--------'
L.,-
A
.
40m.
□-:-' -
B :. VBA=ve -VA= 2
=12t +½x4xt2=12t+2t2 :. the algebraic measure of v8A is a constant
By studying motion of B function equals 2

s2=v0l +½a t 2=4l +½x 12xt2 =4t + 6t2 D

:. The distance between the two bodies 54kmJhr. =54x i58 = 15 mlsec.
=(s2 - s 1 +40) m 72kmlhr.=72x i58 =20mlsec.
=(4t + 6t2)- (12t +2t2) +40
Let the police car will catch the followed car after (t)
=412 - 8 t +40=4( 12 - 2t +I0) seconds from the moment of motion of the police car.
=4 [(t-1/ +9]
• With respect to the followed car.
to find least distance between the two bodies
Since its velocity is uniform (15 mlsec.) and it
put (t - 1 )2= 0 :. t=I moved before the police car by 30sec.
:. After Isec. the distance between the two :. The covered distance from the starting point till the
bodies=4x9=36m. meeting point=(I+30) x15 (I)
(9) LetOA=t :. AB=DE= 3t ,BC= 2t with respect to the police car
:. The displacement during the whole journey In the distance of moving with uniform
=Area of the trapezium OCDE acceleration
v+ v
0
=½( 61+31) X 40=18 0Ikm. :. s=--xt :. 200= 20; 0 xt
2
:. the average velocity= di:;11:i�:�nt 1�� t :. t =20seconds.
=30kmJh. :. The police car covered a distance 200m. in 20
(10) Let the initial velocity of the bullet=v0
seconds and it covered the remained distance to
the meeting point in time=(I- 20) with uniform
and the thickness of the planks =S
velocity of magnitude 20mlsec.

15
:. The distance which the police car covered from the i)§+i,j,Qi Essay questions J
starting point to the meeting point
= 200 +(t-20) X 20
D
·: v0(in the first second)= l�. 5 = 15.5 mlsec.
(2)
From(I) and(2)
It is the velocity after ½ second
(t+ 30) X 15 =200+(I-20) X 20
:. 15 t+450=200+20 t-400 :. 15.5 = v0+ ½ x 9.8 :. v0 = 10.6 mlsec.

:. t = 130 seconds substituting in(I) or(2)

2
·: v = v!+2g s

:. s(the covered distance)= 2400 m. :. v =(10.6)' + 2 9.8 X 240 = 4816.36

2
X

:. v = 69.4 mlscc.
El
·:v=v 0+gt :. 69.4 = 10.6+9.8 I
Let the car(X) moves with uniform velocity of
:. t = 6 seconds.
magnitude a m/sec.
:. The covered distance after 40 seconds is(40 a)
metres (I) ( 1 ) The time of maximum height= �• = 3ii
The car(y) after passing 40 seconds the velocity of
=4 seconds.
the car y became twice the velocity of the car(X)
:. The time taken to return 10 the point of
i.e. It became(2 a) mlsec.
v+v projection= 4 x2 = 8 seconds.
·: s= T xt :. s= 2 a x40=40a (2)
2 ( 2 ) ·: S =V 1- ½ g t2
0

From(I) and(2) we notice that each of the two cars :. 34.3 = 39.2 I- -} X 9.8 t
2

covered 40 a metres after 40 seconds :. 1 -8 I+7=0 -

2
:. (I-I) (t - 7)=0
:. The two cars will meet together after 40 seconds. _._ t = I or t = 7
Anotl,er solution : :. The particle is at a height 343 metres from
From the geometry of the figure we note that : after the point of projection after one second in
40 seconds the area under the curve y = the area ascending motion and after 7 seconds in
under the curve X descending motion after it reaches to the
maximum height.
i.e. The two cars moved the same displacement
i.e. The two cars meets after 40 seconds. El
( 1 ) ._. S=Vot-½ gt =245 x 8-½ x9. 8 x(8)'
2

Exercise 3 =-117.6

BIi Multiple choice questions J :. The height of the tower= 117.6 metres.

( I )(c) ( 2 )(b) ( 3 )(d) ( 4 )(b) ( 5 )(b) ( 2 ) The maximum height(above the tower)

( 6 )(d) ( 7 )(d) ( 8 ) (b) ( 9 )(b) (10) (c) _ � _ (24.5)2 - 30.625 metres.

- 2 g - 2 x9_8
_

(11)(a) (12)(b) (13)(b) (14) (c) (15) (c)

:. The maximum height that the body will reach
(16)(b) (17)(d) (18)(b) (19)(a) (20)(c)
=30.625+117.6=148.225
(21)(b) (22)(a) (23)(d) (24)(b) (25) (b)
( 3 ) The covered distance=30.625 x 2+ I 17.6
(26)(c) (27)(a) (28)(d) (29)(a) (30)(b)
= I 78.85 metres.
(31)(c) (32) (c) (33)(a) (34)(b) (35) (d)
(36)(c) (37)(b) (38)(b) (39)(b) (40) (d) D
( 1 ) ·: v, in the 3 second= l �.5 10.5 mlsec.
"'
(41)(c) (42)(a) (43)(b) (44)(d) (45)(d) =

(46)(c) (47)(a) (48)(c) (49)(a) (50) (c) It is the velocity after 2½ seconds.
(51)(b) (52)(c) (53)(d) (54)(b) (55)(c) :. l0.5=v 0-9.8 x2.5 :. v0=35 m/sec.

16
( 2) The maximum height from the point of :. t2-5t+6=0 :. (t-2 )(t-3 )=0
2
V 2 :. t=2 sec. or t=3 sec.
projection= = 5 =6 2.5metres.
2� 2(� J_8
(2) ·: s=v0t-½ gt2
:. The maximum height , the body reach to it
above the ground surface :. - 29.4=24.5t-½x9.8t2
=14 0+6 2.5=2 02.5 metres. :. t 2-5t-6=0 :. (I+ l )(t-6 )=0
(3) '.' S=V0l - t gt 2 :. t=6 seconds.
.'. -14 0=35l -
2
t X 9.8t2
D
.', 7t -50t- 2 00=0
(l)·: s=v0t- ½gt2
.'. (7t+ 2 0)(t- 1 0)=0
:. s=24.5x 2-½ x9.8x4
:. t =1 0seconds.
:. s=29.4 metres.
D :. v=24.5-9.8 x 2=4.9 m/sec.
The maximum height with respect to the point of :. After 2 seconds the particle is above the point
. . v! (19.6)2 of projection with distance 29.4 m. upwards
proJect1on=2g= =19.6 metres.
2 x 9_8
(2) ·: s=v0t-½gt2
:. The maximum height with respect to the ground
surface=19.6+ 23 0.4=250 metres :. s=24.5x4-½x9.8 x 16=19.6 m.
·: S=V0t- ½ gt2=19.6 x5-½ x9.8x(5)2 ·: V=V
0
-gt
=-24.5metres. :. v = 24.5-9.8x4 =-14.7m/sec.
:. After 5 seconds the body is down the point of :. After 4 seconds , the particle is above the
projection wilh distance 24.5 metres point of projection by a distance 19.6 m. ,
:. The maximum velocity is the velocity at which it and the particle is moving downwards.
reaches to the ground surface (3) ·: s=v0t- ½gt2
·: v2=v!-2 gs :. s=24.5x5-½x9.8x 25=0
:. v2=( 19.6 )2-2 x9.8x(-23 0.4 )=49 00
:. After 5 second the particle returns back
:. v =-70m/sec. i.t. 70m/sec. downwards. to the point of projection and it is moving

D downwards.

S=V ( - t gt 2 ( 4) ·; s=v0t - ! gt 2

Jl:.
t
·:
0
.'. -350=)4 l- X 9.8t 2 :. s=24.5x6-½x9.8 x36=-29.4 metres
.'. 7t2-2 0t-500=0 After 6 seconds the particle is down the point of
:. (7t+50)(t-1 0)=0 projection with a distance 29.4 and it is moving
:. t=10seconds. downwards.

·: The maximum height from the point

2
D
v
( 1) v2=v !- 2 g s=(4.9/-2 x9.8 x(-9.8)
2
of projection= �=}��-B = 1 0metres.
2
:. The total distance=IO+ 1 0+350=370 meters. :. v=- 14.7m/sec.
:. The velocity at reaching the bottom of the hill
D
t gt
=14.7mJsec. downwards
2
( 1 ) '.' S=V01 -

t X 9.8t
(2) v=v0-g t :.-14.7=4.9-9.8t
2
.'. 29.4 =24.5t- :. t = 2 seconds.
II!J :. 9 t =25 (2 t-1)
2

(I) Time of ascending=½=2 seconds :. 9 t -50 t+25=0

2
:. (9 I - 5) (t-5) =0

:. 2=-f
V
:. v0=2x9.8=19.6 mlsec. :. t = j (refused) or t=5
2

i'!·:8 = 19.6 m.
2
2 :. h= 4.9x(5) =122.5 metres
v
( 2) The maximum height= ; = :. v=0+9.8x5=49 mlsec.
2
:. The maximum height from the point of projection
=19.6 metres.
ID
After embedding in the ground
( 3) ,', S=V0t- t gt 2= 19.6 X 5- t X 9.8 X 25 ·: v 2
= v! + 2 as :. 0=v!+2x-63x0.14
=-24.5 m. :. vO= 4.2 mlsec.
:. The height of the window=24.5 metres. Before embedding in the ground

m :. (4.2) =0+2x9.8 xs
2
·: v =v!+ 2 gs
2

:. s=0.9 metre.
( 1) Time of ascending= 0;} =0.15
,', 0.15=....2..
g
V
m
:. v 0= 0.15 x9.8=1.47 mlsec. ( 1 ) Before reaching the ground directly
v2=v!+2 gs=0+2x 9.8x22.5
( 2) The maximum height above the point of kicking
:. v= 21 mlsec. downwards
v! (1.47/
= = =0.11025 metre.
2g 2x9_8 ( 2) Inside the sand

m ·: v =v!+2 as
2

:. a=-882 mlsec�
:. 0= (21) +2 ax0.25
2

( l ) Let the time of reaching the ground surface=t

where t> I
v, (within the last second)=\,- 1 • Before impact with the ground
½
:. 3� 3 =v.+(t-f) g 2
·: v = v!+ 2 gs
2
:. v =0+2x9.8x 10= 196
:. 34.3=0+(t-f)x9.8
:. v=14 mlsec.
:. t= 4 seconds
:. v=v0+g t=0+9.8x4=39.2 mlsec.
i.e. The velocity before impact with the ground
djrectly= 14 mlsec. downwards
( 2) s=v0t+f gi'=O+fx9.8x(4>2=78.4 metres. • After impact with the ground:

m ·: v =v!-2 gs
2

:. zero = v0 - 2x9.8 x2.5

2
Let the time of reaching the ground surface be (t) where
t> I because it covered ( is h) in one second. :. v0 = 7 mlsec.
i.e. The velocity after impact directly
:. v, (within the last second)= v ,-J_
(
2) = 7 mlsec. upwards.
9
:. '2[ h=v0+(t-f)xg m
:. is h=0+ (t-½)x9.8 (I) • Before impinging the ground directly:

> ·: S=V 0t + t gt
2
:. h = t x9.8 t = 4.9 t 2 (2)
2 v2=v!+2 gs= 0+2x9.8x90
:. v= 42 mlsec.
From (I) and (2) :
:. i5 x4.9 t =(t-f)x9.8
2
:. The speed of the ball before it impinges the
ground directly= 42 mlsec.

18
 :. The speed of the ball after it impinges the • With respect to the falling body :
ground directly =21 mJsec . •: S= V01+ ½ gt 2

• After impinging the ground

2 :. s 1 = 0+fx9.8t2=4.9t2 (I)

i.s
2
The maximum height=;;= <! 1 =22. 5metres . • With respect to the body which is projected upwards:
2
·: s=v 0t-fgt 2

• In the case of projecting downwards: :. s2=20 t-½ X 9.8t2=20 t-4.912 (2)

·: s=v0t+fgt
2
:.196=14.7t+fx9.8t 2 :. The sum of the magnitudes of the two
displacements s 1 and s2= 60 metres
:. t2+ 3t-40= 0 :. (t- 5) (I+8)= 0
From (1 ) and (2):
:. t= 5seconds
:. 4.9t2+20 I - 4.912= 60
• In the case of projecting upwards:
:. 20 I= 60 :. t= 3seconds
·: s=v0 1-f gt2
:. The two bodies will meet together after 3seconds
:. -196=14.7t-fx9.8t2 :. t 2-3t-40= 0
• With respect to the falling body:
:. (t+ 5) (t-8) = 0 :. t=8seconds . :. The covered distance= the magnitude of the
m displacement s1 =4.9x (3)'=44.1 metres
• With respect to the body projected upwards:
( 1 ) • With respect to the falling body:
2 The magnitude of the displacement at the moment of
s= v0t+f gt
meeting=s2=20 (3)-4.9x (9) = 15.9metres
:. s,=O+fx9.8t2=4.9t2 (1 ) ·: at the moment of meeting
• With respect to the body which is projected v (the projected body upwards )= 20-98
. x3
upwards:
·: S= V01 - ½ gt
2
=- 9.4(negative )

:. s2= 20 I - ½ X 98
. t 2
i.e. The body reached the maximum height then it
returned back to meet the falling body at t=3
2
=20 t-4.9t (2) seconds
·: The sum of the magnitudes of the two :. The distance which the projected body covered
displacements s, and s2=40 metres =2xthe maximum height-s2
From 11•'2) 2
(20) 449
:. 4.91: - �t-4.912=40 : 2 X 2 X 9.8- ]5.9=24 490
. •. The two bodies were in the same direction when
:.201=� :. 1= 2 sec .
they met together

m
( 2) • With respccn:, dot falling body :
:. The 0ll'ft:IIOd =-:r = the magnitude of the
=
displa.xm.a.1 =49 2• =19. 6m . ( 1 ) Before cutting the wire directly:

With respea .,a.� •1Dcb is projected ·: v=v 0+at

:. v=zero+2.45x 2=4.9mlscc .
f
upward>
·: v=:!1 -9 ? =DAia.lsec.upwards. ·: s= v0t+ at2
:. Thea>an!cs::aa::i:=6:magoitudeofthe :. S = + X 2.45 X 4 = 4.9ffi.
dis.,ia,..-� ( 2) After cutting the wire directly:
=20\: ---!JJ• Ill.&:--..!.�
The body continues motion vertically upwards , then
m the maximum height above the point where it was as
2
l8
Let the two boc!...,o oc=:.alRr•:oc::s!o cutting the string=;:9 = 1.225metre

19
 :. The maximum height above the ground surface ( 2 ) ·: v'=,: - 2 gs
= 6.125 + 4.9 + 1.225= 12.25 metre :. -.' =(24.5) - 2 x 9.8 x(-245)=5402.25
2

( 3 ) Consider the motion downward from the point :. , =-73.5 mlsec.

of maximum height (3) ·: v=v0-g1 :. -73.5 =24.5- 9.8 t
·: v =v!+2 gs :. v =zero+2x9.8 x 12.25 :. t= 10 seconds.
2 2

49 � ( 4 ) (s) of the balloon in IO seconds=v x t

:. v= = 4.9VQ mlsec.
= 24.5 X )0
m =245 metres
Let the two bodies meet after t seconds from the
moment of projecting the first body at a height s :. lbe height of the balloon at the moment of
the body reaching to the ground=245 + 245
• The motion of the first body
·:s=v 01-½gt2 :. s=40t-5 t (I)
2 =490 metres.
• The motion of the second body(after the first body
by second) m
·: S=vO(I- I)- g(t -1)
2
½ ( I ) ·: The ,-elocity of the balloon=28 mJsec. upwards
=40(1- ))- ½ X )0(1-1) 2 -1 the ,-elocity of projecting the stone
= 12.5 mlsec. downwards
=40I-40-5 1 + IO I -5 =50I-5 t - 45 (2)
2 2

.-. ,0(ofthe stone)=28-12.5

From (1) and(2):
:. 40t-5 1 =501-5 1 -45
2 2 =15.5 mJsec. upwards
:. 10t=45 :. t =4.5 second ·: •=• 1-½ gt
.
2

From (I) :. s=40 x 4.5 - 5(4.5)2= 78.75 metres. :. •= 15.5 x 5- ½x 9.8 x 25=-45 metres.

m :. lbe height of the balloon over the ground

smfacc at the moment of projecting the stone
( I ) The balloon moves venically downwards :
from it=45 m.
·: S = V 1+ ½ gt 2

½ ·: lbe dnunce which the balloon moves up

0
:. )4.7 4+ 9.8 X(4)
2
S= X X
dunng 5 seconds s= v x t=28 x 5= 140m.
:. s=137 .2 metres
:. The height of the balloon over the ground surface :. 1llc height of the balloon over the ground

= 137.2 metre at the moment of reaching the stone to the

ground=45+ 140= 185 m.
( 2) The balloon moves venically upwards :
·: s=v 0t-½gt
2 ( 2) ·: V = v0-gt

:. S = )4.7 X 4- ½ X 9.8 X(4) 2 :. v=15.5-9.8 x 4=-23.7 mlsec.

=-19.6 metres :. The stone after 4 seconds from the moment

:. The height of the balloon over the ground of projection is moving downwards with
surface=19.6 metres. velocity 23.7 mlsec.

m 11ml Higher skills I

( I ) ·: The maximum height with respect to the point
v' 2 D
of projection= � = �:z:· =30 m.
2 i)8
¾ ( I )(b) ( 2 )(b) ( 3 )(a) ( 4 )(c) ( S)(c)
:. The maximum height with respect to the ground ( 6)(c) ( 7 )(c) ( 8) (b) ( 9 )(d) (JO)(b)
surface (II) (d) (12) First : (c) Second: (b)
=30f + 245=275 f m. (13)(a) (14)(b)

20
Instructions to solve number D: (7) ·: s=v01+ ½gt 2

( 1 ) ·: The upw3rd direction is the positive direction , ·: the body reached the ground after 8 seconds
, ·: the stone fell downward under the effect of and v0=zero
gravity height of the tower= ½ x 9.8 x 8 2

:. The acceleration=-9.8 mlsec! =313.6 metres

(negative constant)
¾ height of the tower= J· =78.4 metres 31 6

:. 78.4= ½ 9.8 t
:. The answer is(b) 2
X X
( 2) ·: The particle moves under the effect of gravity
:. t=4 seconds
:. The acceleration= 9.8 mJsec! downward.
( 8) Let v 1 , v2 are speeds of the two bodies at
( 3) ·: The two masses fall from the same height reaching the ground
:. they have the same displacement(s) :. vi=2 g s (I) ,v:=2 g(3 s) (2)
,the same initial velocity(vO=0) and the same , dividing(I) by (2)
acceleration g= 9.8 m 1sec!
:. � = I
:. They will reach the ground in the same time. , 3
v2
( 4 ) Let the ball projected downward which will reach ( 9 ) let the height of the tower be s and the time the
to the ground is moving with acceleration(g) , body takes to reach the ground=t
cut displacement(s) and initial velocity(v.,) ' ·: s =Yo+½ g 12 :. s= ½ g, 2
(I)
:. v =v:+2gs
2
,64 % s= ½ g(I - Ij 2
(2)
,the ball projected upward with acceleration -
( g) (Divide(2) by(I))
,cut displacement(- s) and initial velocity v0 :. 0.64=�
' :. 0.8=.!..=..l.
l
:. v2=v!+2(-g)(-s) ,', 1=5
:. 0.2 t= I
2
:. v =v;+2 g s .'. S= ½ X 9.8 X(5> 2=122.5 m.
:. The two balls will have the same speeds as
reaching the ground. (10) • ,' �= 2.
st-1 -st-2 4
(S) vA=v0+g t
t g -t g I)'
t
2
(t - 5
,·:v0=zero :.vA =gt
, ·: the body B fall after the body A by one second
tg ½g
(t - 1)
2
- (I 2)
2 4

:. v8=g(t-1) ,', �:=�= ¾ l0 t-15=8 t-4

:. VA-v8=g t-g(t- l )=g(t-1+ l )=g :. t= s½ seconds
i.e. The difference between their velocities

'L__________________jr+-
(11)
remains constant with the time progress.

T= 2ii
�:e��:�::
V egg reached ____ 13m ----
( 6) ·: Time of maximum height=
the ground=t sec.
=2.5 second ½ gt ½
½ 9.8 (2.5> ]
> ',' S=V 01+ 2
.'. 2.5= 9.8 t2
t
X X

= [ 24.5
2
:. 2.5-
. •. ,2 -
-�
S -S X X X
2_, 2
:. t= sec.
2- ½ 9.8 2
49
- [24.5 2

t
X X X ) :. The time the girl needs to catch up the egg
= 1.225 metres just before it reaches the ground is t= sec.
:. The co,·enod di5lance during the third second :. The speed of the girl
= 2 x (s,_,-•:l= 2 x 1.225= 2.45 metres. =+= ➔)=18.2 mJsec.
(

21
(12) First : Let the unifonn velocity = v0 (14) For the body (B)
:. v 1 (speed of the parachutist just before :. 29.4=24.5t-4.9 t2
he reaches the ground)= v0
:. t2-5t+6=0 :. (t-2)(t-3)=0
:. v2(speed of the coin just before it reaches
:. t = 2 sec. When the body was moving upward
the ground)= vO+g t2 or t=3 sec. when the body was moving
:. V I <V2 downward
Second : ·: The parachutist and the coin moved , ·: The two bodies meet at the top of the tower
the same distance and the coin is faster at when B was moving downward
reaching the ground.
:. The two bodies meet when t= 3 sec. thats
:. The time the coin takes to reach the ground < when the displacement of A= zero
the time of parachutist to reach the ground
:. 1, >t,
For A:·: s=v0 t+ !g 2
t

zero=v0x 3-4.9x9
½gt
:.
(13) ·: S =VO t+ 2
= 4.9 t2 :. vO= 14.7 mJsec.
• During the distance AB :
:. 4.9 12 =4.9 :. t2= I :. t = 1 sec. D
• With respect to the stone:
f= 34i = 3.5seconds.
• During the distance AC :
2 ·: The time of ascending=
:. 4.9 t =4.9 + 14.7 = 19.6 9
:. The time taken by the stone for returning back to
:. 12 =4 :. t=2 sec.
the point of projection= 3.5x2= 7 seconds.
:. The time during the distance BC= 2- I = I sec.
• With respect to the train
• During the distance AE:
4.9 t2= 4.9 + 14.7 +24.5
·: s=v0t+ ½ at =zero+ ½ x2x49=49 metres.
2

·: The length of the train=60 metre which is

:. t= 3 greater than the distance covered in 7 seconds.
:. The time during the distance CE equal :. The stone caught the train at a distance
3-2= I sec.
=60 - 49= 11 metres from the back pan of the train.
:. The ratio between the times at which the body
covers the distances AB , BC , CE is I : I : I

22
 Exercise 4
Let C be unit vector in direction ofmotion
1ml Multiple choice questions I v2=v!+2 gs=0+2x980x 184.9

( 4 )(b)
:. v= 602 cmlsec.
( 1 )(b) ( 2 )(b) ( 3 )(c)
·: H=mv :. 30l0=602 m
( S)(b) ( 6 )(c) ( 7 )(b) ( 8 )(c) .
:. m= 3010 =5 gm.
( 9 )(d) (10)(c) 602

(10) First : (b) Second: (d)

A

(14) (a) (15)(c)

Let C be unit vector in direc1ion of motion
(12)(c) (13)(c)
·; S= V t+ ½ at2 27=0 + ½ (30)2
4)4§,i,j,ji Essay questions i
:. 8 X
0
:. 27= 450 a :. a= mlscc. 2

D :. a= 0.06 mlsec. 2

The momentum ofthe car ·: v=v0+at=0+0.06x30

=800x 126= l00800kg.m.kmlhr :. v= l.8 mlsec. :. m(1.8-0)=5.4

:. m= 3kg.
in direction of western south.

u
f� xfs=¾
Let C be unit vector in direction of motion
1be velocity v ofthe cannon's car= mlsec. ( 1 )·:v=v0+at=150x10
:. H1 = ¾ x4000 :. H1 =3000kg.mlsec. = 1500 cmlscc.

·: �= ¾ x2400 =3000kg.mlsec. =15 mlscc.

:. The momentum=2 x 1000x 15
:. H 1 =H2
=30000 kg.mlsec.
II (2) ·: v(after 4scconds)= l50x4=600 cmlsec.
v=v0+at=O+9x30= 270 cmlsec. = 6 mlsec.
H= �6 x270=2025 gm.cmlsec. , v (after 5 seconds)= 150x5= 750 cmlsec.
=75 mlsec.
Iii . •. 1be change in momentum during the fifth second
Let C be unit vector in direction of motion = 2000 (75 - 6)=3000kg.m}sec.
v2= v02+2 as= 0+2x 12x2400
:. v= 240 cmlsec. Let C be unit vector in direction of r ebounding
H= II x240= 2640 gm.cmlsec. :. The change ofmomentum=m(v-v.)
= 15000(30 -(- 40))= l050000kg.mlsec.
D A
Let C be unit vector in direction of motion
Let C be unit vector in direction of rebounding
v2= v!+2 gs= 0+2x980x490
I� - H1 I=I 50 (300+500) I= 40000 gm.cmlsec.
:. V=980 cmlsec.
H= 250x980=245000=245000 gm.cmlsec. m
The magnitude of the rebounded velocity
D = 120x ½ =40 cmlsec.
v= v0+gt=0+980x3 =2940 cmlsec. :. The magnitude of the change of momentum
:. H= 20x2940= 58800 gm.cmlsec. = 100 (40+ 120)= 16000 gm.cmlsec.

24
m m
·: 12=0.2 (40+I v I) :. Iv I=20 mJsec. Let C be unit vector in direction of motion downward

m The velocity before impact with the ceiling directly (v)

v2=v!-2 gs
• The second body :
:. v2=(-980)2 - 2 X 980 X 240=49000()
v=432 x fg =120 mJsec. :. V =-700 Cm}SeC. :. 40000=40 (v +700)
H of the second body=0.07x120= 8.4kg.mJsec.
• The first body : Let C be unit vector in direction of
:. 1000= +700 v v
:. =300 cmJsec.

falling first body H=8.4 = ½ v m

Let C be unit vector in direction of motion upward
A
:. v=16.8 mJsec.
·: v2=v!+2 g s :. (16.8)2=0+2x9.8 s ( 1 ) After one second :
16 8 v=v0-gt=29.4-9.8=19.6 mJsec.
:. s=< • )2=14.4 metre
19.6 H=mv=½ x19.6=9.8 kg.mJsec.
IEJ ( 2) After two seconds :
Let C be unit vector in direction of motion after impact v= 29.4-2x9.8= 9.8 mJsec.
• The velocity just before collision with the ground H =½ x9.8=4.9 kg.mJsec.
v2=v! +2 gs =0+2 x9.8 x8.1 ( 3) v2=u2 -2 gs=(29.4)2 -2x9.8 x44.1
v=-12.6 mJsec. :. v2=zero :. v=zero :. H =zero
• The velocity after rebounding
fiiJ
v2 = v!-2 gs A
Let C be unit vector in direction of motion downward
0=v0 -2x9.8x3.6
2

• The velocity before collision the surface

:. v = 8.4 mlsec.
:. v=v0+g t=9.8x2=19.6 mJsec.
O

:. The change of momentum=½ (8.4 -(-12.6)j

=10.5kg.m/sec. • The velocity after collision the surface "start of the
dive"
m v= J/ =4 mJsec.
Let C be unit vector in direction of motion after impact
:. oH=0.8 (4 -19.6] =-12.48kg.mJsec.
• The velocity before collision with the ground directly (v)
v2 =v! +2 gs=0+2x9.8x2.5=49 m A
:. v=-7 mJsec. Let C be unit vector in direction of motion downward
• The velocity after rebounding directly (v0) • The velocity before impact with the liquid directly
·: v2=v!-2 gs :. zero=v�-2x9.8x1.6 v=0+3x9.8= 29.4 mJsec.
:. u=5.6 mJsec. :. 630000=m (560+700) • The velocity inside the liquid
:. m= 6= = 500 gm. = ½ kg. v=.l1.=4.4 mJsec.
0.5
:. The change of momentum= 0.09 (4.4-29.4)
m A =-2.25kg.mJsec.
Let C be unit vector in direction of motion downward
• The velocity before impact with the ceiling directly (v) m A
v2=v2-2 gs=49-2 x9.8x1.6 =17.64 Let C be unit vector in direction of projectile motion
:. v=-4.2 mJsec. The momentum of the projectile
The magnitude of the change of momentum =5x350=1750kg.mJsec.
=125 (1.8+4.2)=125x6=750 gm.mJsec. speed of the tank=45x fg =12.5 mJsec.
25
( 1 ) When lhe tank is moving towards 1he cannon D
:. The speed of the projec1ile rela1ive to the (I) ·: 1be body moves by uniform velocity
tank =350+12.5 =362.5 :. F=20 + 64 =84 N
The momenlum magnitude = 5x 362.5 K= 18 N
= 1812.5 kg.mlsec. (2) The body moves by unifonn velocity
·:

(2) When the lank moves away from the cannon �F+�=� �F=�N
:. The speed of the projec1ile rela1ive 10 the K=20N
lank = 350- 12.5 =337.5 mJsec. (3) ·: The body moves by uniform velocity
:. The momentum magnitude :. 2K+70=320+ 110 :. K= 180N

=337.5x 5 =1687.5 kg.mlsec. :. 160+F=340 :. F= 180N

IJlffl!I. Higher skills I

(4) ·:The body moves by uniform velocity
:.3 F= 84 , F=28 N :. 24 + 2K =68
,·:2K=44 :. K=22 N
( 1 )(d) (2)(c)
( S) ·: The body moves by uniform velocity
Instructions to solve
:. 3 F+ 70= 340
(1) ·: m AlvAl=2 m 8 1v 8 1 (I)
:. F=90N
:. 3 F= 270
' ·: mA =½ ms (2) :. K+350 =560 :. K=210N
Substitute by(2) in (I) (6 ) The body moves by uniform velocity
:. ½m 8 1vAl=2 m 8 1v 8 1 :. lvAl=4lv 8 1 :. F+30=90 ,F=60N
I YA I = 4 :. K=70N
... lvJ T
(2) ·:oH 1 =m(v 1 -vJ=mx9.8xl D
·: The car moves uniformly :. F=R
,oH2 =m(v0 -v0_ 1 ) =mx9.8x I
:. The magni1ude of force of lhe motor
= 5x35 = 175 kg.wt.

Exercise 5 D
iiffl• Multiple choice questions j Ra v2
R2 =5x6 =�kg.wt.
•
( I )(a) (2) (c) (3)(b) (4)(b) R1 (40)
2

:.-=---,
:. R1 =480kg.wt.
( S)(c) (6 )(d) ( 7 )(b) ( 8) (b) 3 0 (36xfs)
( 9 )(c) (10) (c) (ll)(b) (12)(b)
·: The velocity v 1 is the maximum
(13)(b) (14)(a) (JS)(b) (16) (c) :. R1 =F=480kg.wt.

Ji§§,uj,■ Essay questions j then the magnitude of engine force =480kg.wt.

D
(I) ·: body at resl :
F= 32 +48 =80N
·: The velocity v2 is the maximum
(2) ·: body at rest:
:. �=F= 120kg.wt.
:. F= 25 N , K= 49 N
. . �-..'.'..I. ... 24 _ 36
(3) ·: body at rest: • R - v2
2
' 120-v;-
:. F=40N , K=50+70=120N v 2 = 180kmlh.

26
D m
·: Rav2 ·: The moti on s
i uniform
18Si 60
:. R=l8cos60° n
·: Toe velocity v2 is maximum ® l8COS60

:. Fc=�=8l0 =18 x ½ =9 kg.wt.

R1 (9() xfs)' :. R+l8sin60° =30
= :. R1 =562.5 kg.wl.
:.Bio �
:. R+9'{3=30
Rt =5625
300 = il
8 kg • wt• perton :. R=30 -9'{3 "'14.43 kg.wt.

D
vf
m
·: Rav2 . RI -
"I½- Vi
·: The velocity s
i uniform
·: v2 is the maximum velocity ,R=tW
:. � =F=5600 kg.wt. :. 30cos9=tw n
-rcosO
;• h)
:. 30xf=tw
:. tw= 24
Ill :. W= 72 kg.wt.
·:Ra v2
, 30sin9+N=W
·: v2 is uniform velocity :. 30 x f +N=72
:. l8+N=72 N=5 4 kg.wt.
:. v2 =30 km/hr.
m ®
D
. RI - vi
" I½-½ ®
·: Rav 7Scos 8

·: v2 is uniform velocity :. �=W=30 gm.wl.

5 _ 12
... 230 . :. v2 = 14.4cmlsec.
- ;-
·: The velocity is uniform :. R=75 x cos9

Rav 2
. R1 _ v:
"I½- v !
:. R=75 x =60 kg.WI. N+ 75 sin9= 120
J
:. N+75 x f = 120
v2 is maximum velocity :. R2 = w= 90 kg.WI.
:. N= 120-45 =75 kg.wt.
:. R 1
= 82
9() (12)'
:. R 1 = 40 kg.wt.

m m
·:Ra v3 . R1 _ vl ·: The motion is unjform
"!½-� :. F=R+4000sin 30°
·: v2 is the maximum velocity
=80 +4000 X ½
:. �=W =80+2000
:. v2 =5 0 km/hr. =2080 kg.WI.

27
�m
·: The motion is unifonn

:. R=Ws in 0
= 5000 x _!_
100
.5000sinO
4 ®
®

5000cos0
8
The resultan t =2 Tcos 2
=2 X 400 COS 60°
=400gm.wt. ®
®

·: The motion is uniform

=50kg.wt.
:. The resis1ance to each ton
@) :. R =400 gm.wt.
It mak es an angle of measu re
=�=IO kg.wt/ton
(180° -60° =120°) with each of the two s trings
m fD
·: The velocity is maximum
• As ascending :
:. F =R+wsin 0 800sin0y • • The motion is uniform
:. 600 = ¾ 800 @�oso
X
:. F=R+W=8 x 300+8000
+800sin 0 =2400+8000
:. 600 =200+800sin 0 =10400kg.wt.
:. sin 0= ½ :. 0=30° • As descending :
·: The motion is uniform
IIlJ :. F+R=W
® ®
• As ascending motion :
:. F+ 2400 =8000
·; The motton 1s uniform
® oso :. F=8000 - 2400=5600 kg.wt.

m
:. F=R +W sin 0
1
=100 X 16+100 X 1000 X @)
200
• As ascending :
=1600+ 500=2100kg.wt.
·: The motion is uniform
• As descending motion :
:. F=R+W
·: The motion is uniform
19600=½W+W
:. R =F+W sin 8 Wsiny
:. 1600=F+500
®�,o 19600= wf
:. F =1100kg.wt. :. W=19600 x ¾
_ 4900 0 _ I
m
-- -kg.wt.-16 ton .wt.
3 3
• As descending :
·: The velocity is maximum
·: The mo ti on is uniform
:. F=R+Wsin8
I :. F+R=W
:. 3500=R+300 x 1000 x
240 I x-
... F+ 5 4900 0 _ 49000
---
:. R =2250 kg.wt. 3 -
3
R l = vf 3
9 200
:. F=--kg.wt.
3
m
!½ �
2
2250 =
(108)2
� (72)' Let the mass of e achca rriage=k ton
:. � =1000kg.wt. :. The mass of the train as a whole=(80+5 k) ton

28
;, R =( 80+5 k )x 8 :. T=12 x 2=�=81Jkg.wt.
·: The motion is unifonn :. F=R fi fi
:. 2240=( 80 +5 k )x 8 :. 5 k +80=280 , R +T sin30°=16 cos30°

:. kc 2� ton t
:. R + x 8VJ=16xff
:. The mass of each carriage= 40ton
:. R=81)- 4VJ=41)kg.wt.
m m
let the number
of train cars= X ® ® • As descending :

:. The mass of the train ·: The motion is with

=(30+
I0X)ton Wson maximum velocity
""0
:. R=3
( 0+JO X) x10 kg.wt. :. F +Wsin8=R
®
The train ascends by unifonn velocity :. 90 +5000 x .:xi=R
F=Wsin30+ R
:. R= 140kg.wt.
:. 51000=(30+
I0X)xl 000sin30
:, The resistance of each ton
+(30+10X)xl 0
51000=510 (30+
I0X) = �= 28kg.wtJton
:. l0X=70 :. X=7 • As ascending :
�sino®y
No.of train cars= 7 cars. F= R +Wsin 8 ®�cos8
= 2x 28+2000x_l_
JOO
let the number of carriage be Xton :. F=76kg.wt.
:. The mass of the whole train
=(70+
7X)ton
m
• In the case of ascending
, R=(70+7 X) X 20 wsinOY
®� •O upwards the plane :
·: TI1c train descends with

unifonn velocity ·: The motion is uniform ••• r,,�

®
:. F +Wsin8=R :. 20=R +30sin8
�so
I :. R=20-30sin8 (I)
,", 1400+7
( 0+7 X) X1000 X = 7
( 0+7 X) X 20
)OQ
:. 1400= 7
( 0+7 X) X 10 ;, 140=70 +7 X • In the case of descending
:. 70=7 X :. X=10 downwards the plane :
:. The number of carriages=10carriages. ·: The motion is unifonn

:.10+R=30sin 8
tn
·: The motion is unifonn :. R=30sin8 -10 ( 2)
® 0
cos-JI!
:. T cos30°=R +J6sin30 From I
( )and ( 2):
. �
:. 20-30sin8=30sin8-10
... fi T=4+
_ 16x 2I 16smJO
2
:. 30= 60sin 8 :. sin8 = ½
fi T=12 =�= -JI!
2 v::, :.8=30°

29
Im
�
Ji§+i,j,■1 Essay questions )
• The motion on the D
horizontal plane : ® (l)F-W=ma
·: Thevelocity is unifonn :. F-10x9.8=10x2
:. F= 118 newton.
:. F= R (I)
( 2)35-(F+15)=5 X 2
• Motion on the inclined plane : @
:. F= IO newton.
Wsin0= fR ( 3)(53+ I0x9.8)-F= 10x2
:. 2700x "tr5 = ¾R :. F=131 newton.

:. R =225 kg.wt. , from (I) D

�v
(l)mx9.8-76=6m :. m=20 kg.
:. F=225 kg.wt.
( 2)50-t xmx9.8=3m :. m= 375 kg.
47
( 3)9.8m-9-25= 1.3m :. m=4 kg.

• As ascending : D
·: Thevelocity maximum ( 1 )72-15 X 9.8=15 a :. a=-5mlsec�
Wsin�s0
:.F1=R+Wsin0 (1) ( 2)6x9.8-60=6 a :. a=-0.2mlsec�

• As descending : ( 3)8 X 9.8-24 - 16 =8 a :. a= 4.8mlsec�

·: The motion is with maximum velodty D

:. F 2+Wsin0= R F=m.a= 20x49= 980 newton

:. F2 = R-Wsin0 (2) D
·: F=m.a :. 60=4 a
• In the case of motion on
:. a= l5 cmJsec�=0.15mJsec. 2
I.he horizontal plane :
F3= R (3 )
D
v0= 2.4mlsec. ,v.= 1432 x 185 = 12mlsec.
Adding (I) , (2)and (3): 0
·: v=v0+at :. 12= 2.4+ax30
:. F 1 +F2+F3
.•. a=�=� :. a= 0 •32m Jsec.2
30 300
=R+Wsin 0+R-Wsin 0+R
·: F=m.a ;, 19.2 = nl X 0.32
:. F 1 + F2 + F3 = 3 R :. m= 60 kg.

rm I I
•ii4#4fi4D D
V= V + at
Multiple choice questions ,', 27 X¾ = 0+ 60 3 X

:. a= ½ mlsec 2

F= 4900x ½ = 612.5 newton= 62.5 kg.wt.

( 1 )(c) ( 2)(d) ( 3) (b) ( 4 )(c) ( 5 )(b)
:.
( 6 )( c) ( 7 ) (b) ( 8 )(c) ( 9 )(b) (1 0)(a)
(II) (c) (12)(c) (13)(a) (1 4)(c) (1 5)(b)
D
·: F=m.a
(1 6)(a) (1 7)(c) (18)(c) (19) (b) (20)(b) :. 2500x9.8= 200000xa :. a= 0.1225mJsec. 2
(21)(d) (22)(d) (23)(b) (24)(a) (25)(d) ·: after halfminute

(26)(c) (27)(b) v= O+0.1225 x30 = 3.675mlsec.

30
D m
v0 = zero , s = 49 metre , t = 5 seconds v= 18x fs = 5m/sec.
s = v0t+ ½ at2 :. 49= ½ ax25
,manitllde of resistance =4x 9.8x245
:. a·=�= 3.92 mlsec.2 =9604 newton.
12.5
:. F =m.a= 200x 3.92 = 784 newton=80 kg.wt. , ·: v2 = v� + 2 as
:. 25 =0+2x1000xa :. a= tcJ m/sec. 2

IIiJ ,·: m.a =(F-R)

·: F=m.a
:. 10= 8 a :. a= ¾ mlsec. 2 .-. 245000x io = F-9604
, ·: v;;::v0+at :. F= 12666.5 newton. = 1292.5 kg.wt.

¾
:. v = 0+ x12= 15m/sec. m
, ·: S = V t+ t a t2:0+t X
0
¾ X 144 = 90m. v 0 = 72x fs =20m/sec. , v = 6m/scc.

m __
c
, t = 30 seconds :. V: V0 +at

·: F-R=m.a R=-C::1:-=-:J :. 6 = 20+ax 30 :. a= -3�4= �; m/sec.2

:. F - 70x40x 9.8= 70x1000x I.4 :. - R =m.a=4200x �; =-1960 newton.
F = 70 X 40 9.8+70 1000 1.4
X X X
.-. R = 200 kg.wt.
125440 newton = 12800 kg.wt.
m
=

m ·: -R =m.a :. -f m.g =m.a

·: "to m.g=m.a :. a = :m/sec.2
:. a = -f x9.8 =-3.92m/sec.2

s=v0t+ ½ at2=0+ ½x:x3600 v 2 = v� + 2 a.s :. zero = v�-2x 3.92 x4

s=49x 6 =294metre. .-. v02 = 31.36 :. v0= 5.6m/sec.
m ID
·: v2 = vi+ 2 as
fs
fs
v0=63x = -¥ = 17.5m/scc.
2
:. 0= (72 X ) +2 X 250 X a -R =m.a :. -1250x 9.8 = 1960 a
.-. a=-} m/scc 2 · v = v0 + at
,: .-. • =-125x98=_1,2 m/sec. 2
:. 0 = 72 X fs - t t .-. t = 25 sec.
1960
·: v2 = v�+2 a.s
4
:. zero=(l7.5}2-2x ¥s
Let themass of the train=m ton
:. s = (l7•5> =24.5metre.
2

,·:-R=m a :.-R =mxlOOOx-4 12.5

:. R = 800m.
.-. Themagnirud of resistance perton= 800 newton/ton.
m
',' V =V + 8.t R�r,
m
0

:. 4.9 = I0 a :. a= 0.49m/sec.2
v0 = 7m/scc. , v = zero , s = 10 metres F-R=m.a :, -R=4000x0.49-1000x 9.8
·.- v2= v�+ 2 a.s :. zero = 49+2x ax 10 .-. R= 7840 newton = 800 kg.wt.
.-. a=- �6 =-2.45m/sec.2 fI!J
·: -R =m.a .-. -R =mx-2.45
·: F-R=m.a
.-. R =2.45m R�F
_ 2.45 m = J_
. _g_- :. 250x9.8-1625=55 a
·: W=m.g= 9.8m 4
•• W 9.8 m
.-. R= ¼ W .-. a= 825 =15m/sec.2
55

31
 v=v0+at= 0+8x15=120 mlsec. fl)
:. H=mv=55x120=6600kg.mlsec. s=v0t+ ½ at 2
Tsin¼_
m :. 18=½a X 9()() ®)_ 7 cos60
v0 = zero , s=49 metre :. a= 0.04 mlsec.2 t
, t=20 seconds R:+::-=:::C7:::-F
T cos 60-R=m.a
s=v0t+ ½ at 2
:. ½ T- ½ X 5 X 9.8=5 X 0.04
:. 49=zero+ ½ax400 :. a=� mlsec.2
200 :. ½T=9.8+0.2=10 :. T=20 newton.
:. F-R=m.a
N+T sin 60° =5 x9.8
:. F--5t x5x9.8=5x�

4 4
200
... F=9.8+ 490 =4410 newton=1.125kg.wt. :. N+ -r:.x20=49 :. N=49-10'{3

·
N= 32 newton.

-
vO=0 , v=4.2 mJsec. R�F m

T
, t=60 sec.
2oosini✓,
v = v0 + a.t :. 4.2= a X 60 �
�
:. a= 0.07 mlsec.2
:. F-R=m.a
�5
:. 56.5x9.8-R =3500x0.07 12
:. R =56.5x9.8 -35x7 ·: F-R=m.a
:. R=308.7 newton=31.5kg.wt. 260x :� -120=60 a :. a= 1: =2 mlsec.2
:. magnitude of resistance (for each ton) N+260x fj =60x9.8
=2.1..2_=9kg.wt. :. N=588 - 100 = 488 newton.
3.5
m
v0=zero ,F= ti5 mg. 140 cos 60-R=m,a

,R=_..!._mg
120
R:+::-=:::C7:::-F
½
:. 140x x9.8-35x9.8
�os60
I I m.a =3500 a
F-R=m.a 60 m.g- t20 m.g=
.. . a= I x9.8= 49 mJsec. 2 ... a= 35 X 9. 8 =0.098 m jsec. 2
t20 600 3500
v=v0+at=zero+�x120= 1 =9.8 mlsec. :. v2=v2 + 2 a.s=0+2x0.098x19.6= 3.8416

m :. v=1.96 mJsec.
°
100 cos 60 =20 a ® fil)
:. 50 =20 a ·: - R=m.a :. -5.6 x9.8=0.035xa
:. a=2.5 mlsec.2
:. a=- 5 ;6 ;;·8 =-1568 mlsec.2
N=100 sin 60 +20x9.8 c o
=50'{3+196 v2=v� +2 a.s=(42}2-2x1568x ½

= 282.603 newton. =1764-1568=196

=28.837 kg.wt. :. v=14 mlsec.

32
 .-. a = 4x9.8 =4.9 m/sec.2
8
·: v2=v;+2 a.s v= v0+at=zero+ 4.9x4=19.6 m/sec.
:. zero= (200)2+ 2xax0.05 • In the second case :
:. a=- 40000 =-400000 m/sec.2 -R=ma R==:::c:J
0.1
:. -R=m.a :. -R=�x-400000 :. -2 X 9.8: 8 3 .-. a=-2.45 m/sec.2
l000
:. zero=19.6-2.45 t
:. R=25x400=10000 newton.
:. t=�=8 seconds.
2.45
v0 = 280 cm/sec. , v=70 cm/sec. , s=5 cm. ED
v2= v02+ 2 a.s :. 4900=78400+2 X 8 X 5 ·: v0=54x fs =15 m/sec.
:. a=- 73500 =-7350 cm/sec.2 , ·: v2=v!+2 a S O=(15)2+ 2x125xa
IO
.-. a=-0.9 m/sec. 2
:. -R=ma
·: -R=m.a :. -R=15 x-7350
:. -R=24.5x 1000 x-0.9
:. R=110250 dyne
.-. R= 22050 newton. = 2250 kg.wt.
R= 110250 = 112.5 gm.wt.
9 80

m t
io second
:. 22.05= X a X 32
v0=60 m/sec. , v=20 m/sec. , t=
.-. a=4.9 m/sec:, v=v0+at=4.9 x3= 14.7 mis
v=v0+at :. 20=60+ io • , ·: F-R=ma :. 42x9.8-R=4.9 m (I)
:. a=-40x60=-2400 m/sec.2 • After ceasing of the force :
·: -R=m.a :. -R=0.0245 x-2400 :. zero=(14.7)2+2 a X 44.1
:. R=58.8 newton = 6kg.wt.
:. a=-2.45 m/sec:, ·: -R=ma

m :. - R=-2.45 m .-. R= 2.45 m (2)

vO=60 mlsec. , s =20 cm. , v=zero From (I) and (2): :. m=56 kg. , R= 14 kg.wt.
• The lirst target :
v 2=vi+2 a.s :. zero=3600+ 2xax0.2
• The motion of the body before
a=- 9000 rn/sec. 2
penetrating inside the sand :
• The second target :
·: v2=v�+2 gs=0+2x9.8x10
• • v2=v� +2 ax s=3600+2x-9000x0.15 =900
=196
·: v=30 m/sec.
:. v =14 m/sec.
·: -R=m.a =0.098x- 9000=-882 newton.
• Motion of the body inside the sand :
•. R = 90 kg.wt.
·: v2=v! +2 as
zero= 196 +2 ax 0.05
• In the lirst case :
_c_ :. a = - 1960 m/sec.2
F-R=m.a R�F
·: mg-R=ma :. 2x9.8-R=2x-1960
:. 6x9.8 -2x9.8=8 a :. R=3920+19.6=3939.6=402kg.wt.

33
�
m
�Tho="oo ""' ,.., '-'= ·: -mg-R=ma :.-mg-+mg=ma
penetrating inside the sand : 8
:. a=- g=-11.2 m/sec�
·: v 2=v�+2 gs=0+2 x9.8xI , ·: v2=v 2+2 a s :. zero=(28) 2-2x11.2xs
=19.6 :. s=35 metres.
• The motion of the body inside • In return case :
mg
the sand:
·: mg-R =ma :. mg - + mg=ma
·: v2 =v!+2as
:. a= 4 g=8.4 m/sec�
:. zero= I9.6 +2 ax0.1
:. v2=v�+2a s=2x8.4x35
:. a=-19.6=-98 m/sec.2
0.2 :. v=14'V3 m/sec.
·: mg-R=m.a :. mx9.8+mx98=R
m
:. mx107.8=55x9.8 :. m= 55x9. 8 =5kg.
107.8 ·: F-R-m.g=ma
:. F-3x IOOOx0.5x9.8-3x1000x9.8

• The motion of the hammer before faUing on the =3000 X j�

iron piece: F =49000 newton=5000kg.wt. mg

v2=v�+2 gs= 0+2x9.8x0.4=7.84 =5 ton.wt.

m
• The motion of the hammer after falling on the
iron piece:
·: v2 = v� + 2 as ·: mg-F-R=ma

:. zero=7.84+2 ax0.0I .'. 3000 X 9.8-1725 X 9.8-1200 X 9.8

=3000 a
:. a=-7•84 =-392 m/sec.2
O.Q2
·: mg-R=ma .', a=�=0.245 m/sec.2 mg
3000
:. R =500 x9.8+500x392=200900 newton.
m
=20500kg.wt.
• The motion of the balloon
before falling the body from it :
T-mg=ma F=W t =mg

,t
.'. T-100 X 9.8= 100 X 0.25 =560 x9.8 newton w,
:. T=1005 newton. • The motion of the balloon after falling the body :
mg

cm F
:. F-W 2=m.a
F

:. F-m.g=m.a
mg-F=ma

·+
.'. 2000 X 9.8 -F=2000 X 1.225 .'. 560 X 9.8-490 X 9.8=490 a

:. F=17150=1750kg.wt. .'. 70 X 9.8=490 a

=1¾ ton.wt. mg :. a= 9:,8 =1.4 m/sec.2 upwards w,

34
s= 196 metre , t =20 second • Before faJJing the body :
R=300x6=1800kg.wt. mg-F=ma
½ at
·: s = v0t+ 2 :. 105x9.8-F=105x0.98
:. 196=zero+ ½ ax400
mg
:. F=926.1 newton=94.5kg.wt.
• After falling the body (the motion of the
:. a=�=0.98 m/sec.2 mg
200 parachute) :
·: F-R-mg=ma mg-F=ma
:. F - 1800 X 9.8-6000 X 9.8=6000 X 0.98 :. 70x9.8-926.I =70 a :. a=-3.43 m/sec.2
:. F=82320 newton=8400kg.wt. :. Th parachute moves by deceleration of magnitude
3.43 m/sec.2
:. The parachute from the instant of falling of the body
• Before opening the parachute :
v2= v�+ 2 gs= 0+ 2x9.8x 10
s= v0 t+f at2=4.9x �+ ½ x-3.43x(�} 2=0
i.e. The parachute movesby deceleration till
= 196
stop instantaneously then returns to the point of
:. v= 14 m/sec. projection after � sec.
• After opening the parachute : mg
• The motion of the falling body :
v0= 14 m/sec. , v=24 m/sec. S = v0 t+ ½ gt 2

, t=5 seconds ,v 0=v+at =4.9 x � + ½ x9.8x(�) =54 meters.

2

.". 24 = 14+ a X 5 :. a=2 m/sec.

2
:. The distancebetween thebody and the parachute
mg-R=ma :.70x9.8-R=70x2 after � sec. is 54 meters.
:. R=546 newton=55-f kg.wt.

m ·: mv0 = 14000 :. 28 V0 = 14000

• The motion of the balloon before :. vO=500 cm/sec.
falling the body from it : ·: -560= 28 a :. a=-20 cm/sec.2
·: v=v0+at :. 0=500-20 t
F=W 1 = 1050kg.wt.
:. t=25 seconds.
• After falling the body :
F-W2=ma
:. F-mg=ma ·: The man is sliding downwards the rope
.". 1050 X 9.8-980 X 9.8=980 a :. mg-T=ma
70 X 9.8 :. 75 X 9.8-50 X 9.8=75 a
:. a=� = 0.7 m/sec.2
:. a= j; m/sec�
s= vot+ ! at = ½ x10 + ½ x0.7x100
2
, ·: v2=v\+ 2 as=zero+ 2x i; x30
=40 metre. :. v=14 m/sec.
½
s(for thebody)= x10-f x9.8x 100
m
=5 - 490=-485 metre. ·: F-R=ma
(The negative sine denotes to , the distance is .".4 X 1000 X 9.8 = 160 X 1000 X a
downwards the point of falling thebody)
:. a=2� m/sec�
The distance between theballoon and thebody after
10 seconds=40+ 485=525 metre. .". 44.1 X fij' =0+2�xt 1
:. t 1 = 50 sec.

35
> SI =V O l+ ½ a t2= 0+½ X:X (50) 2 • The equation of motion of the released carriage :

= 306.25 metre. -R=ma

• After using the brakes : .-. -7x40x9.8=7000 a
�
·: v=v 0+at .-. •= -4x98 =-0.392 "=--C7
1000
0=44.1 X fg-0.17513
·: v=v0+iit
:. t3=70 sec.
t
, S3= VO t + at2
.-. zero=24.5+ (-0.392) t
:. t= �: =62.5 seconds.
0 2
=44.1 x fg x70-½ x0.175x702
• The equation of motion of the remained part of
=428.75 metre.
the train after releasing the last carriage :
.-. The covering distance by unifom1 velocity
=4998 -(306.25+428.75) R�P
_L
:. 2240x9.8 -49x40x9.8
=4263 metre.
=49 X 1000;
:. The time of moving by uniform velocity t2 (2240-1960) X 9.8
.". ; = 0.056 mJsec.2
=4263+(44.l x fg)=348 sec. 49 X 1000
The time of trip between the two stations .". V =VO+;t = 24.5+0.056 X 62.5
=50 + 70+348=468 sec. :. v=28 mJsec.

m m
• Before releasing the last carriage : • With respect to the released carriage :
·:P-R =ma V = V +at
_L ·;

:.P-75x245x9.8 R�F
0=29.4+ax60
=245x IOOOx0.15 _-49 m/sec.2
... a- 1oo
:.P=75x245x9.8+245x 150=216825 newton
, ·:-R=ma
.-.P=22125 kg.wt.
v0 =zero , a=0.15 mJsec� , t = 294 seconds. .-. -R=24x1000x�:

v =0+0.15x294 =44.1 mJsec. :. R=11760 newtoJ. =1200 kg.wt. (I)

• After releasing the last carriage : :. resistance per ton=50 kg.wt. per ton
-R =ma
R=--C7
_L • \-Vith respect to the train with uniform motion
.". -75 X 49 X 9.8 =4900() a before the separated carriage :
.". a= -75 X9 8
• =-0.735 mJsec.2 ·: P=R
1000
V = V + it :.P=50x220= I 1000 kg.wt. (2)

.-. zero=44.1 -0.735 t • With respect to the remaining of the train after
1 the separated carriage :
t = 44 • = 60 seconds.
0_735 P-R=ma
Em R�F
_L .". 11000 X 9.8 -(220 -24) X 50 X 9.8
v = 88.2x fg =24.5 mJsec. =1000x(220-24)xa
• As moving with uniform velocity : :. a=0.06 m/sec.2
·.-P=R :. The cover distance by the remaining of the train
:.P= 40x56 =2240 kg.wt. till the separated carriage stopped (during 60 sec.)

36
s 1 =v0t + f at 2
D
=29.4 x60 + f x_0.06x60 = 1872 meter.
2
• In the case of movingwith
,the cover distance by the separated carriage till rest uniform velocity :

s2= 29.4 x60 + f x�: x602= 882 meter . 2F=4R !:.�

:. F=2R (I)
:. The distance between them
• In the case of moving with
=s 1 -s = 1872- 882=990 meter . (3)
the acceleration : 0.5 m/sec 2.
2

11ml Higher skills :. 4F-2R= l 80x0.5 J.J.J.J:.

m�g
,e
D .•. 4F-2R = 90 (2) �

( 1 }(d) ( 2 )(a) Substitutingfrom (I) in (2)

Instructions to solve number D :. 4 x2 R-2 R= 90

( I ) Consider the two :. 6R=90
bodies as one of :. R = 15 newton. :. F=30 newton.
mass 3 kg.
Exercise 1
rm,
:. The equation of motion is F = 3 a
:. a= F t (I) Multiple choice questions I
By studyingthe motion of the body 2 kg. only
( I )(c) ( 2 )(c) ( 3 )(d) ( 4 )(d)
:. F-T=2 a (2)
From (I) ,(2): :. F-T=2 x tF ( S) First : (c) Second : (b) Third: (a)

:. T=F-f = F t ( 6) First : (b) Second : (a) Third: (d)

( 7 )(c) ( 8)(a) ( 9 )(c) (10)(d)
( 2 ) ·: Consider the two bodies as one of mass 5 kg. (ll) (a) (12)(b) (13) (a) (14)(b)
:. The equation of motion is F=5 a
:. 20=5 a :. a= 4 m/sec2 Ji§+i,j,■1 Essay questions
Lei the force that the mass 2 kg. acts on the D
mass 3 kg. is the pressure (P) ·: F= 10 newton
.
By studyingthe motion of the body 3 kg. only ,mgsm8=9.8x I =4.9 newton @ ©
2
:. F-P= 3 a :. F >mgsin 8 . ••
�
:. 20-P=3 x4 :. The motion is upwards mg sin 30 ' • mgcos30
:. P=8N. :. F-mgsin 8=ma

D :. 10-4.9=a :. a=5.I m/sec�@

·: F=m 1 x2 a upwards the plane
,N= 9.8 cos 30°=9.8xif= 4 9
. 1/:i newton.

,F=m 3x5 a
,F = (m 1 + m2 + m 3) xii

:. F=(..!:...+ .£... +....!:...) xii

2a 3a 5a
F
:. m 3=s;;-
D
·: mgsin8= 10 x9.8x
= 58.8 newton
,F= 80 newton
f
�.,.Y
�se

:. F>mgsin8
:. F= 31 Fa :. The motion is upwards the plane
30a

37
:. F -mg sin8 = ma • t= I 1. seconds
•• 4
:. 80-58.8= IO a The body will change the direc11on
· of
_._ a=2.12 m/sec'. its motion after I ¾ seconds.
upwards the plane
,N=mg cos8= !Ox9. 8x �
5 =78.4 newton
D
The motion is upwards
D ••• F-mg sin 30• =ma
F=88.8 newton F-30x9 ·8x1.=30xl.5
2
,mg sin 30=12x9.8x 1. =58.8 newton _._ F= I 92 newton.
2
F> mg sin 30
When the force becomes = 21 F
The motion is upwards °
••• 1.
2 F_ mg sin 30 =ma
:. F- mg sin 30 =ma
96_ 141=3oa
88.8 -12x9.8x½=12 a
_._ a=_1.7 m/sec'.
a=2.5 m/sec.2
The velocity after 14 sec. D 2:Js
y= y +at
o
v=O+2 5x14=35 m/sec. ·: s=vot+ ½ at2
After the force stopped. 12
2.8=zero+½ ax4
The motion is upwards
:. a=1.4 m/sec2
mgoio�
:. _ mg sin 30°=ma ._. The motion is upwards.
a= -9.8 sin 30• =-4.9 m/sec.
••• F- mg sin 8 =ma
y2=v02+2 3 s 5
2 :. F-6.5x9.8x TI
zero=35 _ 2x4.9xs
=6.5 X 1.4
:. s=125 m.
••• F=33.6 newton=3 kg.wt. t
ID ,N=6.5x9.8x 13- 1 2 _ 58 8 newton=6kg.wt.
·: The motion is upwards

• F_ mg sin 8=ma
•• D
x t x980=800 a •• S =Vt+½ at2
.:. 165 =•½a X (1.5)2
:. :::�:::.:::u,p �ds
• After S seconds : mgsin8
a= l46f cm/sec2

v- v +at=0+49V5 X 5 _ 22 m/sec'.
-
0 15
�/ ® ._ . The motion is upwards.
- =245-(s cm/sec.
@
• After stopping force : ••• F-mg sin8=ma
•: The motion is upwards 24x9.8-mx9.8xf
:. _ mg sin 8=ma =m X ��
I
a=-980x -VS :. Z4x9.8=m (9.8x 3
2 + 22 )
15
:. a=-196-{s cm/sec2 :. m=29.4kg.

•• y=y +at ,N=mg cos8 = 29.4x9.8x3 _9604-{snewton

fs -
.:. zero:245V5-196V5 t =9.8V5kg.wt.

38
D :. zero= vO - 0.2x8
F COS8=30 X 9.8x ¾ ®
o>'
'?,
:. v0= 1.6 mJsec.
= 176.4 newton. s=v.t+ ½at2= 1.6 X 8-½ X 0.2 X 64

mg sin8=25x9.8x ! mgsi
(j) =6.4 in ascending stage
.-. The total distance=12.8 metre
= 196 newton. oo.8

mg sin 8 > F cos8

�
�
Fsin8
m
:. The motion is downwards. ·: The motion is upwards

:. 196-176.4=25 a :. - mg sin ex= ma

.-. a= tz� mJsec. 2 :. a=-980x0.l
N=mg cos8+F sin8 :. a=-98 cmJsec�
=25 X 9.8 X ¾ +30 X 9.8 X ¾ ·:v=v0+at :.zero=49 -98 t :. t=½second

N=382.2 newton=39 kg.wt. :. The body will return back to the projection point
after one second from the moment of projection.

._. F cos 30°= 150'0x980x fi2 m

·: The motion is upwards
=220500 dyne
® :. F cos 45° -mg sin 30 ° =ma ®
mg sin 30° =300x980 x½ Fcos 30
..• Fx 1 -12x9.8x I Fcos45
= 147000 dyne 2
yi
·: F cos 30° > mg sin 30° =12x2.45
:. The motion is upwards :. I F=6x9.8+3x9.8
.-. F cos 30° - mg sin 30°= ma 'V2

:. fi F=9x9.8
@
:. 220500-147000 =300 a
.-. a= 245 cmJsec�
:. F=9x9.81/2 newton=91/2 kg.wt.
The velocity after two seconds
:. v= vO+at=zero +245 x 2
=490 cmJsec. ·.- F cos 30° = I x9.8x fi2 @
• After ceasing the force : = 4.9'(3 newton Fsin 30
-mg sin 30° =ma .-. ii=-490 cmJsec�
, mg sin 60° =2x9.8x fi2 mgcos<io

·: v=v0+at :.zero=490-490 t
=9.8 V3 newton
.•. t=one second
.-. mg sin 60° > F cos 30°
Im :. The motion is downwards the plane.
·: Time of ascending to the rest :. mg sin 60 ° - F cos 30°= ma

point=time of returning back to :. 9.8V3-4.9V3=2 a .-. a=2.45'0 mlsec2

the projection point=8 seconds downward the plane.
• In the case of ascending upwards : , N=F sin 30° +mg cos 60°
-mg sin8=ma =Ix½x9.8+2x9.8x ½
..• •=- 9.8 =-O.2 mJsec.2
49 =14.7 newton=1.5 kg.wt.

39
 :. ii=-¾ x9.8= -2.45 mlsec�
:. s2=v0 t+ ½ at2=IOt-½ x2.45 t2 (2)
·: s 1 +s2=40

· +
Adding (I) and (2): :. 40= 10 I :. I= 4 seconds
, s 1 = ½ x2.45x16 = 19.6 metre from lhe lop

m
• In the case of mot10n under �.,�,�
·: The motion is upwards the plane
the aclion of the weight only :
:. F cos 0 -mg sin IX=ma
g
:. 26 X 980 X -20 X 980 X =20 a t ·: The motion is downward
:. mg sin 0 = ma
@
:. a=588 cmJsec2 :. a= 9.8x½ =4.9 mJsec�
, N+F sin0=mg cos IX • In the case of the action
:. N+26 X fj° X 980=20 X 4 X 980 of the force F :
:. N=5880 dyne N= 6 gm.w1. ·.- The motion is downwards
:. mg sin 30° -Fcos 60° = m x f �
m
·: The motion is downward. ••• 4x98x.l
• 2 -Fx.l=4x�
2 2
:. mg sin 0=ma :. F=2x9.8 newton :. F= 2 kg.w1.
:. a=9.8 sin8
m
(I)
·: v0 =zero, s = 39.2 metre
t=4 seconds • In the case of motion with
,·:s=v0t+ fat 2
:. 39.2=zero+ fax l 6 uniform velocity :
:. a =4.9 mlsec� (2) F =mg sin0
Substituting in (I): :. 4.9=9.8 sin0 = 14 X 9.8 X t
:. sin0=f :.8=30° �® = 6x9.8=58.l\.newion
·: The motion is up ards the plane. .-�•'"'" . • :. F = 6 kg.wt.
_ �
:. F -mg sm 0=ma • After increasing the force the
:. F-5x9.8x½ =5x0.98 motion is upwards also :
:. F= 29.4 newton=3 kg.wl. :. 65.1 -58.8=14 a :. a=0.45 mlsec�upwards
m ,N=mg cos8=14x9.8x ZVQ newton
7
• The descending body :
=41/IOkg.wl.
·: The motion
is downward
:. mg sin8=ma
m
The bead slides on AB
:. a= ¾ x9.8=2.45 mJsec2
·: m,g cos a, =m,a,
·: The body moves from rest
2 2 :. a,= g cos a,
½ at
:. SI =VO t+ ½ at = ½ X 2.45 t (I)
, ·: s=v 0t+ 2
• The ascending body :
·: The motion is upwards :. - mg sin0= mii :. S= 0+ ½g COS 0 1 XI�

40
••• AB= .l gx AB xt 2
2 2r I D
:.t�=..i.!..(I) ·: N=200x980 dyne ®

The bead slides on AC :. equation of motion

T- ½ X 200 X 980 =200 X 80

, ·: s=v0t+ ½at2 :. S=0+ ½g COS 8
2
XI� :. T= 114000 dyne
200>e 980
.-.AC= -2' x gx AC xIi :. �= �· (2)
2r
D
From(I) ,(2): :.t 1 :1,i={-¥-:{¥-= I: I F-JJ,• N=ma
:. F-½x2x9.8=2 a
Exercise 8
( 1 ) a=5 m/sec2
,m Multiple choice questions ) F=2 X 5+ ½ X 2 X 9.8

( I )(d) (2)(b) ( 3 )(d) ( 4 )(c) ( 5)(a) =19.8 newton

( 6 )(b) ( 7 )(c) ( 8)(a) ( 9 )(b) (10) (a) (2) a=I m/sec�

(11)(b) (12)(a) (13)(c) ½

F=2x I + x 2x9.8= 11.8 newton.

Ji§+i,j.@ Essay questions ) D

·:s=v 0t+½at2 ®
( 1) The body about to move: @ 6.3= 0+½a X 9 �sine

F,=JJ,, N=JJ,, m.g :. a= I.4 m/sec.2

@ • ®
=½ x20x9.8 � ·: N+T sin8= x9.8 ½
=65½ newton.
:.N+fT=4.9 (I)
:. The equation of motion is :
(2) During motion :
Tx¼-tN
Fk=JJ,kN=JJ,k mg
= ½ X 1.4 (Mull. x t)
=-¼ x20x9.8
:. -N+2 T= 1.75 (2)
= 49 newton.
Adding (I) ,(2) : :. J/ T=6.65
( 3 ) Before start moving :
:. T=2 �i newton.
the friction F0 s F, ,
and F equals the horizontal u
force P as long as the body don't start motion. (l)P-JJ,kN=ma

u 24-JJ,kx5x9.8=5x2

N= 10x9.8=98 newton.
®
.-. µ,.= t
F-JJ,kN = ma (2) ·: P-JJ,k N=ma

:. 37 - /J,k X 98= 10 X ¾ :. 30-JJ,k X 5 X 9.8=5 X I.I

:. µ,. =-¼ J0X9.8 :. /J,k= ½

41
(3)N+29=5 g D
.-. N = 5 x9.8-29 = 20 newton. N=mg cos8

:. 10-µ k X 20=5 x I N=mx9.8xf=7.84 m

,P-µ k N=ma :. mg sin8 -µ k N=ma

m x9.8x f-µ kx7.84 m
:. 10-µ kx20=5 x I
= 1.96 m
( 4) 40 sin 30+N=5 x9.8
µk =
½
N=29 newton.
:. v2=v02+2 a s
40 COS 30 - µ k X 29 5 = X 3 :. v2 : Q+2 X 1.96 X 2
- -15+20YJ
µk- 29
-0 68 .-. v= ¥ m/sec.
Ill
( S)N+40 sin 60°=5 x9.8
:. N=49-20YJ
N=2x9.8x f +20x ½
·.- P-µ k N=ma .-. N =(9.8YJ+ 10) newton.

:. 40 COS 60,-µ k (49-20YJ)=5 X 3

20 cos 30° = mg sin 30 °+ µ k N •
i,�"P· c.----
µ k <=0.35 :. IOYJ=2x9.8x 2I µ,N·--:'"'a...JIL· -1&'---
+µ k (9.8YJ+ 10)
( 6) N= 391/2 sin 45 °+5 x9.8 2,cosJO
.'. µ k=0.28 @
N 88 newton
=

·: P-µ k N=ma D N

·.- N+F sin 30 °= 240x980

.-. 391/2 sin 45 -µ kx88=5 x2
°
.-. N = 4 x980
20 N
:. µ k =
�� -280x980x ½
( 7) N= 5 x9.8x cos 49YJ
30 ° -
= -
=98000 dyn�
2 2AOX980
.-. The equation of motion
,5 x9.8 sin 30 ° -µ kx 4
9
[3 =5x2 of lhe mass is : F cos 30°-µ k N ma

ff {3
=

µ k <=0.34 :. 280 X 980 X - X 98000=240 a

( 8 ) 21/2 sin 45 °+N=5x9.8xcos 30 ° .-. a = 3920 cm Jsec.2

313
- -4+4 9YJ
N- After 9 seconds then
2
·.- 21/2 cos 45 ° < 5 x9.8xsin 30° v=v +at=zero+ 3�� x9= 3920YJ cm/sec.
0
3 '3
:. The body slides on lhe plane After stopping the force the equation of motion is
:. The friction force is in direclion of line of -µ k N=ma
greatest slope up. '
:. - t x240x980=240a
:. • .�
5x9.8xsm30"-2y 2oos45°-µk (-
--4+49YJ
-- ) V

=5 x I
2
..• a' = 'VJ
-980 cm/sec2 . ·: v=v +at0

:. µ k =0.43 :. zero=3920YJ-� t :. t= 12 seconds.

42
m m
._. The plane is r ough sin8=.!J.= .l
2.5 5
andthe coefficien t of N=mgco s8=f mg.
the kine tic friction is ¾ :. The equation of the motion is

:.mg sin8-/J- k N =ma -mg sin8-µ k N=ma

:. mxgxf -¾ :. -mgx ! - f mgx f =ma
xmxgxf=ma :. -fg-fg=a
.-. o.4 g=" :. a=-g=-9.8 m/sec2
... a=3.92 m/sec2 •.• v2 =v02 +2as
2
v =0+2x3.92x 15 :. zer o =v!-2x9.8x2.5
:.v"' 10.844 m/sec. :. v!=49 :.v 0=7 m/sec.

m m
._. N=mgco s8
N=mgcos8
, ·: least force :.N=mx9.8xf=7.84 m.
to p re serve the body ,mg sin8-µ. N=mg.
mo vin gup is th at make s it :.,mx9.8xf-½
moves by uniform motion X 7.84 Jlr =Jlr a
:. F-lt kN-mg sin8=0 :. a=1.96 m/sec�
F-µ k xmgco s8 -mg sin 8=0 , ·: v 2 =v!+2 aS=0+2x l.96x4 5
! � 5 3
1400x9.8-µ k x 1000x9.8x �
5 3 :. v =4.2 m/sec.
-1000x9.8xf=O ,v=v0 +at ◄
1 sec.
8
... 4.2=0+ l.96 t
4
:. /J- k = I :. t =

m m
..
_ The moti on is upw ards t he plane :
sin8=.!..2=.5l
2 :. F-mg sin8-R=ma
N=mgco s8
=5 X 9.8 X 1 =4 X 9.8
:. 40 X 1000 X 9.8 -500
x 1000x9.8x frj
·: S =V O t + t at2 -20 X 500 X 9.8
=500x 1000 a
:. 2=½a X ��
:. a=0.098 m/sec2=9.8 cm/sec2
:. a=1.96 m/sec�
The equation of mo tion
._ . The motion i s upw ards the plane
oft he box is
:. F -mg sin8-R=ma
mg sin 8-µ k N=ma
.. . F=200x 1000x9.8 x ,:xi
... 5 x9.8xf-µ. x4 x 9.8 =5 x I.96
+5 X 200 X 9.8+ 200
1be ki netic friction force =µ kN =½ x 4x9.8 X 1000 X 0.049
=19.6 newton . =39200newton =4000 kg.wt.

43
§m :. The mass of all wagons=100 -30=70 tons.
2 ·: s=v0t+ f at 2 :. The number of wagons= ;g =7 wagons.
:. 49=½ a X 100
:. a=0.98 mJsec'.
/ ® m
®� In the case of motion on the horizontal road with
·: The motion is downwards.
. �
mgsme
unifonn acceleration
:. F + mg sin 9-R = ma
·: F-R=ma
:. F+2000 X 9.8 X "fcj -2 X 50 X 9.8=2000 X 0.98
:. 2000x9.8 -R=240 x IOOOx0.0245
:. F=1960 newton=200 kg.wt.
.-. R=13720 newton=1400 kg.wt.
m .-.The resistance for each ton= 5¾ kg.wt.
•. • The motion is upwards • In the case of motion upwards
:. -mg sin 30° -R=ma the inclined plane :
:.-4x9.8x½-2=4 a :. F-R-mg sin 8 = ma
:. a= -5.4 mJsec'. :. 2000 X 9.8 -1400 X 9.8
I
·: v 2=v 02+2 as -240 X 1000 X 9.8 X 500
:. zero=(7.2}2 -2x5.4xs =240 X )000 a
:. s=4.8 metre. :. ii=0.0049 mJsec'. =0.49 cmJsec�

m m
• The motion downwards : • On the horizontal road the
®
:. mg sin 30° - ¼ mg=ma motion is with maximum velocity .
®
a=9.8x½-9.8x ¼ =2.45 mJsec2 :. F = R
¢,,,,�..��
�
v 2 =v�+2as .-. R=200 kg.wt.
=zero+2x2.5x2.45 :. v =3.5 mJsec. • The motion on the ramp is downwards :
• The projection towards direction of the plane up : :. F+mg sin 8 • R =ma
-mg sin 30° -¼ mg=ma :. 200 X 9.8+ 5000 X 9.8 X "fci -200 X 9.8 = 5000 a
•=-9.8xt-9.8x¼ :. a=0.49 mJsec�
=- 7.35 mJsec'.
:. v 2 =v! +23 s
m
The motion on the inclined plane
:. zero=v�-2x2.5x7.35
mg sin 30-0.2 mg= ma
v 0=3.5-yJ mJsec. a=½ x9.8 -0.2x9.8

fl!J =2.94 mJsec'.

Let the mass of whole train •.• v 2=v �+2as
be m tons v 2=zero+ 2x40x2.94
·: The motion is upwards. v 2=235.2
:. F- mg sin 30°-R=ma The motion on the horizontal plane.
:. 56 X )000 X 9.8 -m X )000 X 9.8 X ½ -0.2 mg=ma .-. ii=-1.96 mJsec�
-10 mx9.8= IOOO mx0.49 v2 =v�+23.s
:. m= JOO tons =235.2-2 X JO X J .96 v =14 mJsec.

44
m On the horizontal plane

• On the inclined plane : -.- -R = ma .-. -½ x980=a

·:The on isdownw s R .-. a=- 196 cm}sec2 :. v 2 = v02+ 2 3 s
� •
:. mg sm 8-R = ma � .-. zero=(252)2-2x196 xs
.,..s-�
... I mx9.8-R-ma
- A • 252 2
2 _, _ .•. s-<
- > = 162 cm. :. s = 1.62 metre.
392
:. 4.9 m-ma=R @) (I)
·: v2 = v! + 2 as .-. v2=2 as (2)
m
( l ) The body about to move :
• On the horizontal plane : -R = ma (3)
N+F sin 30° = mg
v2=u2 + 2 as subslituting from (2) :
N= 12x9.8-t F
.-. zero=2 as+ 2 as .-. a=-a
F cos 30°=µ, N
Substituting in (3): .-. - R =mx-a .-. R = ma
Substituting in (I): .-. 4.9 m-ma=ma ."VJ F-_"VJ (12x9.8-2I F) �
..
2 3
:. 4.9 m=2 ma .-. a=2.45 mlsec2 .
.-. F= 9.8x6 newton= 6 kg.wt .
.-. The resistance for each kg. = 2.45 newton.
( 2 ) The body is moving :
F cos 30- µ k N =ma

• As motion upwards the plane :

Fx f-ff (12x9.8-½F) )
ma = F- mg sin 30° -R
= 12x ;[! (Mull. xfJ)
49
:. ma=8x9.8-mx9.8x½-9.8
• As motion downwards the plane : :. 4 F- 24x9.8+F=9.8x24
ma=mg sin 30°- ½ F-R .-. 5 F=9.8 (24 + 24)

:. ma=mx9.8x ½-½ x8x9.8-9.8 F = 9.8x9.6

(2)
.-. F=9.6 kg.wt.
Subtracling (2) from (I):
:. zero =-mx9.8+12x9.8 .-. m= l 2kg. m
substituling in (I): ( 1 ) ·.- The body about lo move up

.-. 12 a=9.8 (8-6-I)=9.8

:. N =mg cos 8
F=µ,N+ mg sin 8
.-. a=.2&. mJsec? = 4 9 mlsec?
12 60 = 0.35 xmg cos 8+ mg sin 8
$
m = 0.35 x800 cos 25° + 800 sin 25 °

·.- The motion isdownwards the plane. =591.86 newton

( 2) The leas! force keeps the body moving up :
.-. mg sin 30 -
°
! mg=ma
F=µ k N+mg sin9
:. 980 X t - 980 X ½ =a � F
--«=:..J!L.--"""-­ =0.25 xmg cos9 + mg sin 8�
.-. a= 294 cmlsec? J-1 ,N
: 0.25 X 800 COS 25° -,so�
,,_.. •
8 mgcos O
·.- v2 = v!+ 2 as ;. v2=0+ 2 X 294 X )08 + 800 sin 25°
:. v=252 cmJscc. :. v=2.52 mlsec. = 519.36 newton
<;Jj}
45
( 3 ) The force prevent
m
the body to slide
• When the body is projected
N=mg cos0 downwards the plane:
®
F+ f-L, N =mg sin 0 /
N=mg cos0, ®
F+ 0.35xmg cos0 = mg sin 0
gsm0-f-Lk N ' �,.�,�� 0 mgros813�
F=800sin 25°-0.35x800cos 25° � L_j � J,l._N
F"' 84.33 newton.
-= � 8
.'. mx980 x fl - f xmx980x g =ma
Consider the two bodies A and 8 as one body :. a=- ��40 cmlsec2
:. F-2-l.2=0.8x2 -2940
:. zero=v02+ 2 x- --x 390
1 3
,·.·v2 =v�+2as
:. F= 4.8 newton
:. vO= 420 cmlsec.
studying the motion F (8) only
• When the body is projected upwards the plane :
and assume body (A)
-f-Lk N - mg sin 0= ma
acts on (8) by force F
.'. F -2= 0.5x2 .'. - t X m X 980 X g
:. F =3 newton. -mx980xn=ma

:. a=-980 cmlscc2
EI!)
·: N =mg cos0 = f mg. , •.• v2 =v 2 +2a s

:. The equation of motion of the :. zero= (420)2 - 2x980xs

:. s =90 cm.
mass is : mg sin 8 - µk N = ma

:. mgx f-½ mgx =ma f

....
�,��

m
:. ! g- t g=a N =mg cos 45°
a= tg= 1.96 mlsec� • If the plane isJ'ough :
.'. v2=V� + 2 as=zero+ 2 X 1.96 X 8 '� 3
LJ
:. v =5.6 mlsec. 4
• In the case of projecting the body up the plane
the equation of motion is :
-mg sin 0 -f-Lk N=ma
:. -mg x f-½mgx =ma f (I)

• If the plane is smooth :

:. a=-g=-9.8 mlsec�
2
·: v =v0 +2 as
2 :. mg sin 45° =ma
:. zero=v�-2x9.8x8 . . a= g .'. S= ta I�= t X gt� (2)
' fi fi
.'. v!=2 9.8 8
fi r.- I
From (I) and (2 ) .. ... 16 g1 gt2
X X

:. v0= 5.6'V5 mlsec. 2fi 2

Which is the required velocity so that the body can
... �
l� _ 4 ... ,,-
ti _ 2
reach to the top of the plane.
-T -T

46
m •fl k N=
I
2fio
xmg cos8

am= u.,� t..5

®
= .r.I ;: x-
2 I IO
2VQ
7 mg= mg
- + (2)
. a-= - 9.S mis«� ,.smJO s JO
From (I) and (2):
Thieeqmcion,.f motion is
The body will move downwards the plane , the
tmg - +mg=ma
:.
• - 30° -µN=ma
••• - mg sin 30° -flxmg cos 30°=ma equation of motion is :

I 1/3 1/3 :. fmg=ma

t
x g=-g I
2 + 2 fl=I
:. :.
-z&-fl 2
:. a= g =2.8 m/sec�
1/3 I I 1/3 1/3
;, 2 fl
=
2 :. fl =
1/3 X 1/3 =3 :. magnitude of acceleration in sliding is equal to half
the magnitude of the acceleration of ascending.
when the body becomes at rest then

}.IN= I mxgx
1/3= f mg , mg sm· 8= I mg N

1/3 2 2
• On the inclined plane :
:. The body is in limiting equilibrium and the body ·: N=mg cos�
can not return back down. The equation of motion is

m m gx 'f- ¼mgx =ma f --'"'1..!!--i­

N =mg cos8 :. a = 392 cm/sec�

2
TI1e equation of motion is N v = v0 + 2 as=0 + 2x392x900
- mg sin 8 - fl k N=ma :. v = 840 cm/sec.
:. -mx9.8 x t- 2 .Ih10 xm • On the horizontal plane :
·: N=mg
2fw
x9.8 x- -=ma
7 The equation of motion
:. a=-5.6 m/sec� -}.l k N = ma
·: v2=v� + 2 as :. -¼ mg=ma
:. zero=(2.8)2 - 5.6x2 s :. a=- 245 cm/sec�
:.s=\\ \2 8 =0.7 metre s=70 cm. ·: v 2=v02 +2 as
6
when the body is at rest :. zero=(840}2 - 2x245 s

·: mg sin8= t mg (I) :. s= 1440 cm. = 14.4 metre.

47