WDM11 Jan25 QP
WDM11 Jan25 QP
P76012A
©2025 Pearson Education Ltd.
H:1/1/1/1/
*P76012A*
Write your answers in the D1 answer book for this paper.
1. The following list of eleven numbers is to be packed into bins of size 55
26 19 31 10 14 30 33 18 3 28 5
(a) Use the first‑fit bin packing algorithm to pack the numbers into bins of size 55
(3)
(b) Use quick sort to sort the list into descending order, showing the result after each
pass. You must clearly identify the pivots used.
(4)
(c) Apply the first‑fit decreasing bin packing algorithm to pack the numbers into bins
of size 55
(2)
(Total for Question 1 is 9 marks)
2 P76012A
2.
B 147 F
91 84 203
70
77 56
182 E 133 84
A C
G J
98 84
56 175 42 224
D 154 H
Figure 1
The network shown in Figure 1 represents the paths between nine attractions in a
theme park.
The number on each edge is the length, in metres, of the corresponding path.
(a) (i) Use Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the shortest path from A to J.
(ii) State the length of the shortest path from A to J in metres.
(6)
Sarita needs to inspect the paths between the attractions. She must travel along each
path at least once.
Sarita decides to start and finish her inspection route at A. She wishes to minimise the
length of her route.
(b) By considering the pairings of all relevant nodes, find the length of Sarita’s route.
(4)
Sarita now decides to start her inspection route at A, but finish at a different attraction.
She must still minimise the length of her route and travel along each path at least once.
(c) (i) Determine where Sarita should finish her route. You must justify your answer.
(ii) Calculate the difference between the lengths of the two inspection routes.
(3)
(Total for Question 2 is 13 marks)
P76012A 3
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3.
Start
Input a, b
Let c = ab
a
Let d = a
b
Let e = INT(d)
Let f = be
Let g = a – f
Is Yes c
g = 0? Let h = c
b
No
Output h
Let a = b
Stop
Let b = g
Figure 2
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4.
(a) Draw the activity network described in the precedence table above, using activity on
arc and the minimum number of dummies.
(5)
Given that
• activity D has a duration of 2 hours
• activity I has a duration of 2 hours
• every other activity has a duration of 1 hour
• D and I are critical activities
(b) determine which other activities are critical.
(1)
(Total for Question 4 is 6 marks)
P76012A 5
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5. A manufacturer makes three flavours of ice cream, vanilla, strawberry and chocolate.
All flavours are supplied in the same size tubs.
The profit from selling each tub of vanilla ice cream is £1.50, each tub of strawberry
ice cream is £2.00 and each tub of chocolate ice cream is £1.80
The manufacturer wishes to maximise their profit.
This needs to be formulated as a linear programming problem.
Let x be the number of tubs of vanilla ice cream made.
Let y be the number of tubs of strawberry ice cream made.
Let z be the number of tubs of chocolate ice cream made.
(a) State the objective, giving the objective function in terms of x, y and z
(2)
There are sufficient ingredients to make 400 tubs of vanilla ice cream or 240 tubs of
strawberry ice cream or 300 tubs of chocolate ice cream.
(b) Show that this constraint can be written as
3x + 5y + 4z 1200
(2)
The manufacturer must also meet the following three conditions
• at least 40% of the total ice cream made must be vanilla
• at most 25% of the total ice cream made must be strawberry
• for every 2 tubs of strawberry ice cream made, the manufacturer must make at least
3 tubs of chocolate ice cream
(c) Use this information to form three further constraints, giving these as simplified
inequalities with integer coefficients.
(3)
(Total for Question 5 is 7 marks)
6 P76012A
6.
A B C D E F G H J K
A ‑ 16 26 19 22 34 30 41 45 36
B 16 ‑ 10 15 38 33 40 25 29 20
C 26 10 ‑ 12 39 30 31 15 19 10
D 19 15 12 ‑ 33 18 25 28 31 22
E 22 38 39 33 ‑ 15 8 33 20 29
F 34 33 30 18 15 ‑ 7 24 19 28
G 30 40 31 25 8 7 ‑ 25 12 21
H 41 25 15 28 33 24 25 ‑ 13 5
J 45 29 19 31 20 19 12 13 ‑ 9
K 36 20 10 22 29 28 21 5 9 ‑
(a) Explain the difference between the classical Travelling Salesman Problem and the
practical Travelling Salesman Problem.
(2)
The table shows the shortest distances, in miles, between ten towns, A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, J and K.
Kenzo must visit each town at least once, starting and finishing at A. Kenzo wishes to
minimise the total distance travelled.
(b) Use Prim’s algorithm, starting at A, to obtain a minimum spanning tree for the
network. You must clearly state the order in which you select the arcs of your tree.
(3)
(c) Use your answer to part (b) to determine an initial upper bound for the length of
Kenzo’s route.
(1)
(d) Use the nearest neighbour algorithm, starting at A, to find another upper bound for
the length of Kenzo’s route. Write down the route that gives this upper bound.
(3)
Using the answer to part (d), and given that the length of the nearest neighbour route
starting at G is 145 miles,
(e) state which of these two nearest neighbour routes gives the better upper bound.
Give a reason for your answer.
(1)
(f) By deleting A and all of its arcs, obtain a lower bound for the length of
Kenzo’s route.
(2)
(g) State the smallest interval that must contain the optimal length of Kenzo’s route.
(1)
(Total for Question 6 is 13 marks)
P76012A 7
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7.
D(17)
2 7
Figure 3
A project is modelled by the activity network shown in Figure 3. The activities are
represented by the arcs. The number in brackets on each arc gives the time, in days, to
complete the activity. Each activity requires exactly one worker. The project is to be
completed in the shortest possible time.
(a) Explain the purpose of the dummy between event 10 and event 11
(1)
(b) Complete Diagram 1 in the answer book to show the early event times and the late
event times.
(4)
(c) State the critical activities.
(1)
(d) Calculate the maximum number of days by which activity K could be delayed
without lengthening the completion time of the project. You must make the numbers
used in your calculation clear.
(2)
(e) Draw a Gantt (cascade) chart on the grid in the answer book.
(4)
(f) Use the Gantt chart to determine a lower bound for the minimum number of workers
required to complete the project in the minimum time. You must make specific
reference to the number of workers, activities and times.
(2)
(Total for Question 7 is 14 marks)
8 P76012A
8.
y
y = 3x + 4
4x + y = 64
2x + 5y = 100
R
x + 2y = 24
ob
jec
tiv
el
ine
O x
Figure 4
P76012A 9
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P76012A 11
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12 P76012A
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names
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P76012A
©2025 Pearson Education Ltd.
H:1/1/1/1/
*P76012A0120*
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Question 1 continued
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(Total for Question 1 is 9 marks)
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*P76012A0320* Turn over
2. (a)
4
B 147 F
91 84
70 77
56 203
A C E 133 G 84 J
182
98 84
56 42 224
175
Key:
D H Order of Final
Vertex
labelling value
154
Working values
*P76012A0420*
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Question 2 continued
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(Total for Question 2 is 13 marks)
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*P76012A0620*
3. You may not need all the rows in this table.
a b c d e f g h
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(Total for Question 3 is 5 marks)
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*P76012A0820*
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4.
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(Total for Question 4 is 6 marks)
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*P76012A0920* Turn over
5.
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*P76012A01020*
Question 5 continued
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(Total for Question 5 is 7 marks)
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*P76012A01120* Turn over
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A B C D E F G H J K
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A ‑ 16 26 19 22 34 30 41 45 36
B 16 ‑ 10 15 38 33 40 25 29 20
C 26 10 ‑ 12 39 30 31 15 19 10
D 19 15 12 ‑ 33 18 25 28 31 22
E 22 38 39 33 ‑ 15 8 33 20 29
F 34 33 30 18 15 ‑ 7 24 19 28
G 30 40 31 25 8 7 ‑ 25 12 21
H 41 25 15 28 33 24 25 ‑ 13 5
J 45 29 19 31 20 19 12 13 ‑ 9
K 36 20 10 22 29 28 21 5 9 ‑
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*P76012A01220*
Question 6 continued
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B 16 ‑ 10 15 38 33 40 25 29 20
C 26 10 ‑ 12 39 30 31 15 19 10
D 19 15 12 ‑ 33 18 25 28 31 22
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G 30 40 31 25 8 7 ‑ 25 12 21
H 41 25 15 28 33 24 25 ‑ 13 5
J 45 29 19 31 20 19 12 13 ‑ 9
K 36 20 10 22 29 28 21 5 9 ‑
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*P76012A01320* Turn over
Question 6 continued
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B 16 ‑ 10 15 38 33 40 25 29 20
C 26 10 ‑ 12 39 30 31 15 19 10
D 19 15 12 ‑ 33 18 25 28 31 22
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F 34 33 30 18 15 ‑ 7 24 19 28
G 30 40 31 25 8 7 ‑ 25 12 21
H 41 25 15 28 33 24 25 ‑ 13 5
J 45 29 19 31 20 19 12 13 ‑ 9
K 36 20 10 22 29 28 21 5 9 ‑
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*P76012A01420*
Question 6 continued
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(Total for Question 6 is 13 marks)
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*P76012A01520* Turn over
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Key:
Early
D(17) event
time
Late
event
A(8) E(5) L(5) N(11) time
I(10)
J(11)
Diagram 1
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*P76012A01620*
Question 7 continued
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(Total for Question 7 is 14 marks)
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*P76012A01720* Turn over
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y = 3x + 4
4x + y = 64
2x + 5y = 100
R
x + 2y = 24
ob
jec
tiv
el
ine
O x
Figure 4
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*P76012A01820*
Question 8 continued
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*P76012A01920* Turn over
Question 8 continued
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(Total for Question 8 is 8 marks)
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*P76012A02020*