CYBER SECURITY

AND
ETHICAL HACKING
Published by: Vathos Technologies...
 OVERVIEW
01 02 03
About Us Introduction Points to note

04 05 06
Course Content Hands on Practicals Conclusion
 ABOUT US

THE FOUNDER CYBER SECURITY SKILL

Eric Ezeji is the CEO of Vathos At Vathos Technologies, we're

technologies that focuses on dedicated to empowering
Web Design and development individuals and organizations
in Nigeria with the knowledge and skills
to thrive in a rapidly evolving
cyber landscape.
 INTRODUCTION TO
CYBERSECURITY AND ETHICAL
HACKING
Cyber Security refers to the practices, technologies, and
processes designed to protect digital information, computer
systems, networks, and electronic data from unauthorized access,
use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction

Ethical Hacking, also known as Penetration Testing or White-Hat Hacking, is

the practice of simulating cyber attacks on a computer system, network, or
application to test its defenses and identify vulnerabilities. Ethical Hackers
use the same techniques as malicious hackers, but with the permission of
the system owner and with the goal of improving security.
 POINTS TO NOTE
1. PURPOSE AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: • ETHICAL HACKERS OPERATE WITHIN A LEGAL AND ETHICAL FRAMEWORK. TH EIR PRIMARY PURPOSE IS TO IMPROVE SECURITY BY
FINDING AND FIXING VULNERABILI TIES BEFORE MALICIOUS HACKERS CAN EXPLOIT THEM.

• THEY ARE OFTEN HIRED OR AUTHORIZED BY ORGANIZATIONS TO PERFORM S ECURITY ASSESSMENTS, IDENTIFY WEAKNESSES, AND RECOMMEND IMPROVEMENTS.

2. SCOPE OF ETHICAL HACKING:

• ETHICAL HACKING CAN COVER A WIDE RANGE OF TARGETS, INCLUDING COMPUTER SYSTEMS, NETWORKS, WEB APPLICATIONS, MOBILE APPS, IOT DEVICES, AND MORE.

• THE SCOPE CAN VARY FROM A SIMPLE WEBSITE ASSESSMENT TO A COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF AN ORGANIZATION'S ENTIRE CYBERSECURITY POSTURE.

3. KEY OBJECTIVES:

• IDENTIFY VULNERABILITIES: ETHICAL HACKERS AIM TO DISCOVER VULNER ABILITIES THAT COULD BE EXPLOITED BY MALICIOUS ACTORS, SUCH AS SOFTWARE VULNERABILITIES,
MISCONFIGURATIONS, AND WEAK PASSWORDS.

• ASSESS SECURITY CONTROLS: THEY EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SEC URITY MEASURES, INCLUDING FIREWALLS, INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEMS, AND ACCESS
CONTROLS.

• TEST INCIDENT RESPONSE: ETHICAL HACKERS MAY SIMULATE CYBERATTACKS TO ASSESS AN ORGANIZATION'S INCIDENT RESPONSE PROCEDURES AND READINESS.

4. METHODOLOGY:

• ETHICAL HACKING FOLLOWS A STRUCTURED METHODOLOGY THAT TYPICALLY INCLUDES PHASES LIKE RECONNAISSANCE (INFORMATION GATHERING), SCANNING (IDENTIFYI
NG OPEN PORTS AND SERVICES), ENUMERATION (EXTRACTING INFORMATION), VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS (IDENTIFYING WEAKNESSES), AND EXPLOITATION (ATTEMPTING TO
GAIN ACCESS).

• AFTER IDENTIFYING VULNERABILITIES, ETHICAL HACKERS REPORT THEIR FINDINGS TO THE ORGANIZATION AND PROVIDE RECOMMENDA
 POINTS TO NOTE
• 5. TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:

• ETHICAL HACKERS USE A VARIETY OF TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES TO PERFORM THEIR ASSESSMENTS. THESE CAN INCLUDE NETWORK SCANNING TOOLS LIKE NMAP, WEB
APPLICATION SCANNERS LIKE OWASP ZAP, PASSWORD-CRACKING TOOLS LIKE HYDRA, AND VULNERABILITY SCANNERS LIKE NESSUS.

• THEY MAY ALSO EMPLOY SOCIAL ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES TO TEST HUMAN VULNERABILITIES, SUCH AS PHISHING ATTACKS OR PRETEXTING.

• 6. CONTINUOUS LEARNING:

• ETHICAL HACKING IS AN EVER-EVOLVING FIELD. TO STAY EFFECTIVE, ETHICAL HACKERS MUST CONTINUALLY UPDATE THEIR KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS TO KE EP PACE
WITH EMERGING THREATS AND SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES.

• CERTIFICATIONS LIKE CERTIFIED ETHICAL HACKER (CEH) AND OFFENSIVE SECURITY CERTIFIED PROFESSIONAL (OSCP) CAN HELP PROFESSIONALS VALIDATE THEIR
EXPERTISE.

• 7. LEGAL AND ETHICAL FRAMEWORK:

• ETHICAL HACKERS MUST OPERATE WITHIN LEGAL AND ETHICAL BOUNDARIES. THEY SHOULD ALWAYS OBTAIN PROPER AUTHORIZATION AND RESPECT PRIVACY AND
CONFIDENTIALITY.

• LAWS AND REGULATIONS, SUCH AS THE COMPUTER FRAUD AND ABUSE ACT (CFAA) IN THE UNITED STATES, GOVERN ETHICAL HACKING ACTIVITIES.
 TECHNICAL SKILLS:
• 5.OPERATING SYSTEM AND NETWORKING KNOWLEDGE:

• Sc en ario : Understanding how different operating systems and network protocols work is essential. For example, an ethical hacker may nee d to analyze network traffic to
identify vulnerabilities. Knowledge of TCP/IP, Linux, Windows, and network protocols like HTTP is crucial.

PROGRAMMING AND SCRIPTING:

• Sc en ario : An ethical hacker may need to develop custom scripts or exploit code to test vulnerabilities in a web application. Proficienc y in programming languages like
Python, Ruby, or JavaScript is valuable for automating tasks and crafting exploits.

VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND SCANNING:

• Sc en ario : Using tools like Nessus or OpenVAS, an ethical hacker can scan networks and systems for vulnerabilities. They need to underst and how to configure and
interpret scan results to prioritize and remediate issues.

PENETRATION TESTING TOOLS:

• Sc en ario : Ethical hackers often use tools like Nmap, Metasploit, Burp Suite, and Wireshark for penetration testing. These tools help id entify weaknesses in systems,
exploit vulnerabilities, and assess network security.

WEB APPLICATION SECURITY:

• Sc en ario : Evaluating the security of web applications requires knowledge of web technologies (HTML, CSS, JavaScript), web servers (e.g. , Apache, Nginx), and common
web vulnerabilities such as SQL injection, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), and Cross -Site Request Forgery (CSRF).

CRYPTOGRAPHY AND ENCRYPTION:

• Sc en ario : Ethical hackers should understand cryptographic principles and how encryption is implemented in systems and applications. Thi s knowledge is crucial when
assessing the security of data storage, transmission, and authentication mechanisms.
 NON TECHNICAL SKILLS:
COMMUNICATION SKILLS:

• SCENARIO : ETHICAL HACKERS NEED TO EFFECTIVELY COMMU NICATE FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO NON-TECHNICAL STAKEHOLDERS. THEY SHOULD WRITE CLEAR, CONCISE REPORTS AND
EXPLAIN COMPLEX TECHNICAL ISSUE S IN PLAIN LANGUAGE.

PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS:

• SCENARIO : WHEN ENCOUNTERING U NEXPECTED CHALLENGES OR U NIQUE VU LNERABILITIES, ETHICAL HACKERS MUST THINK CREATIVELY TO DEVISE SOLUTIONS OR WORKAROUNDS. PROBLEM-SOLVING IS
KEY DURING PENETRATION TESTING ENGAGEMENTS.

ETHICAL AND LEGAL UNDERSTANDING:

• SCENARIO : ETHICAL HACKERS MUST OPERATE WITHIN LEGAL AND ETHICAL BOUNDARIES. THEY SHOULD BE AWARE OF RELEVANT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING HACKING ACTIVITIES IN THEIR REGION
AND OBTAIN PROPER AUTHORIZATION FOR TESTING.

ATTENTION TO DETAIL:

• SCENARIO : ETHICAL HACKERS NEED TO METICULOUSLY EXAMINE CODE, CONFIGURATIONS, AND LOGS TO IDENTIFY EVEN SUBTLE VULNERABILITIES OR SIGNS OF A BREACH. MISSING DETAILS CAN LEAD TO
SECURITY OVERSIGHTS.

ETHICAL MINDSET:

• SCENARIO : ETHICAL HACKERS MUST PRIORITIZE THE SECURITY AND PRIVACY OF THE SYSTEMS AND DATA THEY ASSESS. THEY SHOULD RESIST THE TEMPTATION TO MISUSE THEIR SKILLS OR EXPLOIT
VULNERABILITIES FOR PERSONAL GAIN.

CONTINUOUS LEARNING AND ADAPTATION:

• SCENARIO : THE FIELD OF CYBERSECURITY IS EVER-EVOLVING. ETHICAL HACKERS NEED TO STAY UPDATED ON THE LATEST THREATS, VULNERABILITIES, AND SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES. THEY MUST adapt their
skills and techniques TO ADDRESS EMERGING RISKS.

TIME MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION:

• SCENARIO : ETHICAL HACKERS OFTEN WORK ON MULTIPLE PROJECTS WITH TIGHT DEADLINES. EFFECTIVE TIME MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION ARE CRITICAL TO PRIORITIZE TASKS AND MEET CLIENT
EXPECTATIONS.
 Introduction to Cybersecurity

~ Overview of cybersecurity concepts

~ Importance of cybersecurity in today's world
~ Key cybersecurity principles and terminology
~ Information Security Fundamentals
 Confidentiality, integrity, and
availability (CIA) triad

~ Risk assessment and management

~ Security policies and procedures
~ Network Security
Network architecture and protocols

~ Firewalls and intrusion

detection/preventionsystems (IDS/IPS)
~ Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
~ Operating System Security
 Securing different operating
systems (Windows, Linux, macOS)

~ User access control and permissions

~ Patch management and updates
~ Cryptography
 Encryption and decryption
Public key infrastructure (PKI)

~ Cryptographic algorithms and protocols

~ Cyber Threats and Attacks
 Types of cyber threats (malware,
phishing, DDoS, etc.)

~ Social engineering attacks

~ Incident response and handling
Web Security
 Web application vulnerabilities (SQL
injection, XSS, CSRF)
~ Web security best practices
~ Secure coding principles
~ Wireless Security
 Wi-Fi security (WPA, WPA2, WPA3)

~ Bluetooth and IoT security

~ Mobile device security
~ Cloud Security
Cloud computing models (IaaS, PaaS,
SaaS)
~ Cloud security challenges and solutions
~ Data protection in the cloud
~ Ethical Hacking and Penetration Testing
Introduction to ethical hacking with
hands on practical
~ Penetration testing methodologies,
Vulnerability assessment and remediation
~ Security Governance and Compliance
 Security policies and standards
~ Regulatory compliance (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA)
~ Security auditing and assessment
~ Security Awareness and Training
 Employee security awareness
programs
~ Social engineering awareness
~ Phishing simulation exercises
~ Cybersecurity Career Paths and Certifications
 Career options in cybersecurity

~ Industry-recognized certifications
(CISSP, CEH, etc.)
~ Building a cybersecurity career
~ Emerging Trends in Cybersecurity
 Ethical Hacking Phases

~ FOOTPRINTING (RECONNAISSANCE) WITH PRACTICAL

LABS
~ SCANNING WITH PRACTICAL LABS & LIVE QUIZ
~ GAINING ACCESS (HACKING) WITH PRACTICAL LABS
~ MAINTAINING ACCESS (HACKING) WITH PRACTICAL LABS
~ CLEARING LOGS WITH PRACTICAL LABS & LIVE QUIZ
 Ethical Hacking Hands on Practical

~ SQL Injection Attack (Practical)

~ Cross Site Scripting Attack (Practical)
~ DDOS Attack (Practical)
~ Brute Force Attack (Practical)
~ Phishing Attack (Practical)
~ Database Attack (Practical) etc
 Panetration Testing Hands on Practical

~ Windows Hacking (Practical)

~ Systems Hacking (Practical)
~ Session Hijacking(Practical)
~ Hacking with Metasploitable (Practical)
~ Hacking Web Applications(Practical)
~ Hacking Web Servers (Practical) etc
 Panetration Testing Hands on Practical

~ Hacking Wireless Networks (Practical)

~ Hacking Mobile Platforms (Practical)
~Evading_IDS,_Firewall_and_Honeypots-
Technology
~ Vulnerability Analysis(Practical)
~ Advanced DDOS Attack (Practical) etc
 Python For Cyber Security(4 Projects)

~ Use Python For Port-Scanning (Practical)

~ Use Python to Build mailing client (Practical)
~ use Python to write a DDOS script(Practical)
~ Use Python to build a TCP Chat Room (Practical)
It’s both physical and online Mentorship lectures.
The complete course is already prepared for you
by Eric Ezeji who is the CEO of Vathos
Technologies and other Experts...
Happy Learning!!!
- Cyberattacks:
There were 2,365 cyberattacks in
2023 with 343,338,964 victims.
The number of material breaches
rose 20.5% from 2020 to 2021.
17% of cyber attacks target
vulnerabilities in web applications.
72% of vulnerabilities were due to
flaws in web application coding.

- Data Breaches:
353,027,892 people were
impacted by data breaches in
2023.
A data breach costs $4.45 million
on average.
The average time to detect a data
breach is 118 days.
The Future Of Cyber Security
1The future of cybersecurity is likely to be shaped by several trends and technologies, including:

1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML): AI and ML will continue to play a crucial role in detecting and responding to cyber
threats.

2. Internet of Things (IoT) Security: As more devices become connected, IoT security will become increasingly important.

3. Cloud Security: Cloud security will continue to evolve to address new challenges and threats.

4. Quantum Computing: Quantum computing will impact cryptography and encryption methods.

5. Zero-Trust Architecture: Zero-trust architecture will become more prevalent.

6. Extended Detection and Response (XDR): XDR will become a key component of cybersecurity strategies.

7. Cybersecurity Awareness and Training: Cybersecurity awareness and training will become more important.

8. Regulatory Compliance: Regulatory compliance will continue to shape cybersecurity practices.

9. Autonomous Security: Autonomous security solutions will emerge.

10. Cybersecurity Talent Shortage: The cybersecurity talent shortage will continue to be a challenge.

11. Remote Work Security: Remote work security will become a growing concern.

12. Supply Chain Security: Supply chain security will become increasingly important.

13. Cyber-Physical Systems Security: Cyber-physical systems security will emerge as a new concern.

14. 5G Security: 5G security will become a growing concern.

15. Biometric Security: Biometric security will become more prevalent.

These trends and technologies will shape the future of cybersecurity, enabling organizations to better protect themselves against evolving
threats.
 7000

Global
Cybersecurity 6000

Market 5000

4000
Growing demand for advanced security solutions:
The increasing incidence of cyberattacks and data
breaches is driving the demand for advanced security
solutions, including AI and ML for threat detection and 3000
response, cloud security services, and cybersecurity for
IoT devices.
2000
Growing demand for cybersecurity solutions in
industries like BFSI and healthcare: The demand for
cybersecurity solutions is growing in industries like BFSI
and healthcare, where sensitive data needs to be 1000
protected ².

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Chidera Aliyu Mercy
Paul Muda Michael
Student Student Student
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