2021_S4_MA_UT4_MS

Mathematics Department
HKUGA College
MATHEMATICS
S4 UNIT TEST 4 – EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

2020-2021 Numerical and Algebraic Skills

50

45 minutes Spatial and Geometric Skills N.A.

Marking Scheme Data Handling Skills N.A.

Name:______________________________________ Class:_________________________( )

Teacher: AY / CC / HC / MY / PL / SKC / WC _

INSTRUCTIONS

 Do not open this test paper until instructed to do so.

 Unless otherwise specified, all working must be clearly shown.
 Unless otherwise specified, numerical answers should be either exact or correct to 3 significant
figures.
 The diagrams in this paper are not necessarily drawn to scale.
 A maximum of 2 marks will be deducted throughout the whole paper for poor presentation of
answers and for missing units.
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Section A Multiple Choice Questions – Write answers on page 3.

1. If 2 x  y , then 162 x   22019   22021 

3.
A. 4 y .  22020
B. y 4 . 5
A.  .
C. y . 8 2
1
D. 4 y . B.  .
2
ANS: C 2020
C. 2 .
162 x  24   2x
 
 28 x  2x  y8
8
1
D.  2020 .
2

ANS: A

2. 3
x4 x x 
 22019   22021   22019 1  22    5
 22020 22020 2
A. x 2 .
11 4. Which of the following is the smallest?
24
B. x . 1
13 A.
12
20171234
C. x . 1
8 B.
3 20181233
D. x .
1
E. C.
20191232
ANS: B
1
D.
1
20201231
3 4
3
x x x  x xx
4 2 ANS: A
3
1
= log 2 0171 234 = 1 234 log 2
3 4
 x x2 log 1 234
2 017
1
 3 4 017  4 078.01
 3 x   x 2 
  1
log 1 233
= log 2 0181 233 = 1 233 log 2
3
3 2 018
 xx 8
018  4 074.97
1
 11  3
  x 8  log
1
= log 2 0191 232 = 1 232 log 2
  2 019 1 232

11

 x 24 019  4 071.93

1
log 1 231
= log 2 0201 231 = 1 231 log 2
2 020
020  4 068.89

1
∴ is the smallest.
2 017 1 234
Turn over
 2021_S4_MA_UT4_MS
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5. The graph of y  log k x passes through 7. The number of crocodiles (N) in a marsh
A 2187 ,  7 where k is a constant. The
t years after a research has been launched
is given by N  A(5t ) , where A is a
graph of y  f x  is the reflection image
constant. How many years does it take for
of the graph of y  log k x with respect to the number of crocodiles in the marsh to
the line y  x . Then, f  2  fall to
1
of the number at the research
4
1 launched?
A. .
27
1 A. log 4 5
B. . B. log 5 4
9
C. 3 . 5
C. log  
D. 9 . 4
D. log 2 5
ANS: D
ANS: B
 7  log k 2187
By substituting t  0 into N  A(5t ) , we
1
k have
3
x N  A(50 )  A
1
 f x      x
1
3 3 ∴ The initial number of crocodiles is A.

f  2 
1
9 1
By substituting N  A into N  A(5 ) , we
t
3 2
4
6. If log x  y   log 2  log y  log x , have
then y 
1
A  A(5 t )
A. 1 + x . 4
B. 2 + x . 1
 5 t
2 x2 4
C. . 1
1  2x log    log 5 t
2x2 4
D. .
1 x 1
log    t log 5
ANS: C 4
1
log  x  y   log 2  log y  log x log  
t  
4
log 2 x  y   log
y
log 5
x 1
1
2 x  y  
y log  
x  4
2 x  2 xy  y
2 log 5

2 x 2  2 x  1 y
log 4

log 5
2x2
y  log 5 4
2x  1
Turn over
 2021_S4_MA_UT4_MS
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8. The figure shows the graph of y = loga x k  log a n
and the graph of y = log 1 x on the same k  log 1 m
a a
rectangular coordinate system, where log a n  log 1 m
a  1 . A horizontal line y = k (where a

k  0 ) cuts the y-axis, the graph of log n log m


y  log 1 x and the graph of y = loga x at log a log 1
a a
P, Q and R respectively. Let the log n log m

coordinates of Q and R be (m, k) and (n, log a log a 1
k) respectively. Which of the following log n log m

are true? log a log a
y log n   log m
y = loga x log n  log m  0
Q
y=k log mn   0
P R
x mn  1
O
PQ m m
   m2
y= PR n  1 
 
m
I. mn = 1
QR
PQ
II. = m2  PR  PQ
PR
nm
1 1
III. QR = n  n
n n
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
ANS: D

Turn over
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Answers for multiple choice questions:

TOTAL FOR SECTION A: 16 MARKS

Teacher’s Use Only

Turn over
 2021_S4_MA_UT4_MS
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Section B Conventional Questions
1. Simplify the following and express your answers with positive indices.
6
 2
5
 32 p 3 q  2 
(a)  1 
 pq 2 
 
a3 3
b4

 ab 
(b) 3
a
(5 marks)

6
 2
5 6 4

12
 32 p 3 q  2 
(a)  1  
32 5 p 5 q 5
6 3
1M for a m  n
 a mn
 pq 2 
  p5q5

4 6 12 3
   am am 1
 64 p 5 5
q 5 5
1M for n
 a mn
or n
 nm
a a a
2

 64 p 5 q 3

64
 2
1A
p q3
5

4
1
a3 b4 3
a3 b3
   k
a a k

 
(b) 3 3 1
1M
ab a  12  a 2
a b
 
 
4
a3 b3
 3
 1
2 3
a b a2
3 1 4
3  3
a 2 2
b 3

5

 ab 3

a
 5
1A
3
b
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2. Solve the following equations.
1
(a) 3 2 x 5 
27
(b) 6 log 8 x  log 2 x  4  0
(c)  
5 3 x1  10 2 x1
(8 marks)
1
(a) 3 2 x 5 
27
2 x 5
3  33 1M
2x  5  3
x  4 1A
(b) 6 log 8 x  log 2 x  4  0
6 log 2 x
 log 2 x  4 1M change of base formula
log 2 8
6 log 2 x
 log 2 x  4
3
log 2 x  4
x  24 1M
x  16 1A
(c) 53 x1   10 2 x1
 
log 5  3 x1  log 10 2 x1  1M taking log on both sides
x 1
log 5  log 3  2x  1 1M log x a  a log x or
log xy   log x  log y
log 5  x  1log 3  2 x  1
log 5  x log 3  log 3  2 x  1
1  log 5  log 3  2 x  x log 3
1  log 5  log 3  2  log 3x
1  log 5  log 3
x  0.802 1A
2  log 3
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3. It is given that log 3 2  p and log 3 5  q . Express the following logarithms in terms of p and q.
(a) log 3 10 (b) log 9 2.7
(6 marks)

1
(a) log 3 10  log 3 10 2

log 3 2  5
1
 1M for log x a  a log x
2
 log 3 2  log 3 5 1M for log xy   log x  log y
1
2
pq
 1A
2
27
log 3
(b) log 9 2.7  10 1M change of base
log 3 9
log 3 27  log 3 10 x
 1M for log  log x  log y
2 y
3  log 3 2  5

2
3  log 3 2  log 3 5

2
3 p  q
 1A
2
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4. Let a and b be constants. Denote the graph of y  a  log b x by G . The x-intercept of G is
216 and G passes through the point (7776 , 2) . Express x in terms of y .
(4 marks)

2  a  log b 7776
 1M for either one
0  a  log b 216
 2 a
b  7776
 a 1M for either one

b  216
 
216 b 2  7776
b  36
2

b  6 or b  6 (rej.)
6a  216
6a  63
a  3 1A for both a and b
y  3  log 6 x
y  3  log 6 x
x  6 y3 1A or equivalent
Alternative method
y  a  log b x
y  a  log b x
x  b y a 1M + 1A
 2 a
b  7776
 a 1M for either one

b  216
 
216 b 2  7776
b 2  36
b  6 or b  6 (rej.)
6a  216
6a  63
a  3
x  6 y3 1A or equivalent
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Alternative method

2  a  log b 7776 ...1

0  a  log b 216 ...2  1M for either one

1  2 : 2  log b 7776  log b 216 1M for method of

2  log b 36
b 2  36
b  6 or b  6 (rej.)
 a   log 6 216  3 1A for both a and b
y  3  log 6 x
y  3  log 6 x
x  6 y 3 1A or equivalent
 2021_S4_MA_UT4_MS
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2
5. The magnitude (M) of an earthquake on the Richter scale is given by M  log E  K , where
3
E is the energy (unit in J) released from the earthquake and K is a constant.

The magnitude of an earthquake was 7.8 on the Richter scale. Two hours later, a serious
aftershock occurred. The energy released by the aftershock was half of that released by the
first earthquake.

(a) Find the magnitude of the aftershock measured on the Richter scale. (3 marks)

2
(b) By substituting K = –3.2 into the formula M  log E  K , find the energy released
3
by the aftershock. Express the answer in scientific notation. (2 marks)

(a) Let M1 and M2 be the magnitudes of the first earthquake and the aftershock respectively and E1 J
be the energy released in the first earthquake.

2
M2  log 0.5E1  K 1M
3
2
 (log 0.5  log E1 )  K
3
2 2
 log 0.5  log E1  K
3 3

2
M 2  M1  log 0.5
3
2
M 2  7.8  log 0.5 1M
3
2
M 2  7.8  log 0.5
3
 7.60 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The magnitude of the aftershock is 7.60. 1A
(b) Let E2 J be the energy released in the aftershock.

2 2
7.8  log 0.5  log E2  3.2 1M
3 3
3 2
log E2  (7.8  log 0.5  3.2)
2 3
E2  1.58 10 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
16

 The energy released by the aftershock is 1.58 × 1016 J. 1A

 2021_S4_MA_UT4_MS
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6. A financial planner Ben recommends Arthur to join a saving plan for his retirement. Ben
suggests two different saving plans A and B for Arthur to select. It is given that the total
amount of money received by Arthur by joining plan A and and Plan B after n years are An 
and Bn  respectively, where An   ab n and Bn   a  140000  1.06 n where a, b and c are
positive constants. The total amount of money received by Arthur by joining plan A are
$540 800 and $562 432 after 2 years and 3 years respectively.

(a) Find the values of a and b.

(b) The return by choosing Plan B is more than that by Plan A after k years. Find the
minimum integral value of k.
(6 marks)

(a) 540800  ab 2 …(1)

562432  ab3 …(2) 1M for either one
2 : b  1.04
1
a  500000 1A for both a and b

(b) Bk   Ak 

500000  140000   1.06 k  500000  1.04 k 1M
k
1.06 25
k

1.04 18
k
 1.06  25
   1M
 1.04  18
k
 53  25
log    log 1M
 52  18
 53  25
k log    log
 52  18
k  17 .24594207
The minimum value of k = 18. 1A

The minimum value of k = 18.

Remark:

TOTAL FOR SECTION B: 34 MARKS

END OF TEST
Teacher’s Use Only