Application Guide Volume III AG2021-30

Testing Power Elements in the SEL-351S,

SEL-421, and SEL-700G
Saurabh Kothari

INTRODUCTION
This application guide describes how to test the single-phase and three-phase directional power
element (32) in the SEL-351S-7 Protection System and three-phase directional power elements in
the SEL-421-4, -5 Protection, Automation, and Control System and the SEL-700G Generator Pro-
tection Relay (the SEL-700GW Wind Generator Relay does not have power elements). This appli-
cation guide includes a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet with the calculations to simplify your testing
process and uses ACSELERATOR QuickSet® SEL-5030 Software for the terminal sessions. For ref-
erence, the application guide also includes SEL-5601-2 SYNCHROWAVE® Software custom calcu-
lations for these relays in Appendix A and the equations used in the power calculations for an open-
delta-connected PT are included in Appendix B.

THEORY
Electrical apparent power (S) is a product of voltage and the complex conjugate of current. Appar-
ent power is conventionally expressed in VI. Equation 1 shows the apparent power calculation:

S = VI
Equation 1

where the asterisk denotes the complex conjugate of the current, I, meaning that the sign (positive
or negative) of its imaginary component is reversed.
The phase angle difference between voltage and current is denoted by . The real part of the appar-
ent power in Equation 2 gives real power (P measured in W), and the imaginary part of the appar-
ent power equation gives reactive power (Q measured in VARs). Equation 1 then can be written as
Equation 2.

S = VI • cos  + jVI • sin  = P + jQ

Equation 2

Figure 1 illustrates this in terms of a power triangle: the projection of the apparent power vector
onto the real axis has length P and corresponds to the real power, and the projection of the apparent
power onto the imaginary axis has length Q and corresponds to reactive power.

Apparent Power, S
Reactive Power, Q

Real Power, P

Figure 1 Complex Power Triangle

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APPLICATIONS
You can use power elements in many applications including generators, distributed generation
(DG), and the point of common coupling (PCC) between the utility and customer facilities.
In the present power grid, DG penetration has led to some significant issues regarding protection,
reliability, stability, and power quality. If DG supplies more power than the load demands, excess
power is fed back into the substation and transmission grid. This can create instability in the whole
system and result in overvoltage on the feeder, protection miscoordination, increasing fault cur-
rents, and incorrect operation of protective equipment.
Generator motoring can occur when the prime mover input power to the generator is cut off while
the generator is connected to the system. When this happens, the generator acts as a synchronous
motor to drive the prime mover shaft. In steam turbine prime mover applications, generator motor-
ing can quickly damage the turbine because of overheating. In other prime mover applications,
motoring can cause mechanical damage and/or unsafe operating conditions. You can use a reverse
or low-forward power element in the relay to provide antimotoring protection for a generator.
You can also use a power element to detect reverse power flow or low-forward power flow condi-
tions in all prime mover applications. This element measures the power flow and asserts a Relay
Word bit when the measured value exceeds the set threshold.

IEEE POWER MEASUREMENT CONVENTION

The reference direction of power flow is established based on the CT and PT polarity connected to
the relay. Figure 2 shows the IEEE power flow convention from the source toward the load.

Direction of Reverse
Real Power
Feeder 1

Distributed
SEL-421 Generation
Direction of Positive
Real Power

Direction of Positive
Real Power
Feeder 2

SEL-700G Load
SEL-351S

Figure 2 Power Flow Direction

SEL relays use the IEEE convention for power measurement. Figure 3 summarizes the conven-
tional power flow direction. When the SEL-700G measures the real and reactive power being
delivered to the grid, it has a lagging power factor and operates in Quadrant 1 of Figure 3. When a
feeder or line relay like the SEL-351S-7 or SEL-421, respectively, operates in Quadrant 1, this
indicates that the feeder or line is receiving real and reactive power and has a lagging power factor
(indicating inductive load).

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Reactive Power
(VAR) Delivered (+)

Quadrant 2 Quadrant 1

Reactive Power Apparent Power Apparent Power Reactive Power

Delivered Quadrant 2 Quadrant 1 Delivered
(Inductive Load) (Inductive Load)

Real Power Real Power

Received Delivered

Real Power Real Power

(W) Received (–) (W) Delivered (+)
Quadrant 3 Quadrant 4

Real Power Real Power

Received Delivered

Reactive Power
Received Reactive Power
(Capacitive Load) Apparent Power Delivered
Quadrant 3 Apparent Power (Inductive Load)
Quadrant 4

Reactive Power
(VAR) Received (–)

Figure 3 IEEE Four-Quadrant Power Flow Direction [1]

TESTING THREE-PHASE POWER ELEMENTS

Use the spreadsheet provided with this application guide to compute the test quantities. In the
spreadsheet, enter the following information:
➤ Phase Rotation: Select ABC or ACB for the system phase rotation.
➤ PTCONN: Select WYE or DELTA for the PT connection type.
➤ Power Element Type: Select +WATTS, –WATTS, +VARS, or –VARS for the power
element type to be tested.
➤ Pickup Setting: Enter the value in secondary VA.
➤ Conversion From Primary Power to Secondary Power: Enter the set point in pri-
mary kVA, CTR, and PTR values.
➤ Power Factor: Enter the value and select if the power factor is leading or lagging, or
select unity for the unity power factor.
➤ Nominal Voltage, L-N (Secondary V): Enter the nominal line-to-neutral voltage value
in secondary V.
➤ Test Method: Select Three-Phase.
This information is required to calculate the current and voltage magnitudes and phase angles that
will be injected to test the power element threshold.

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SEL-700G Testing Procedure: Three-Phase

There are a total of four three-phase power elements available for the X-side in all SEL-700G-0, -1
models. The SEL-700GT models have four three-phase power elements for the Y-side and the
SEL-700GT+ models have four three-phase elements for the X-side and Y-side. Figure 4(a) and
Figure 4(b) show the test set connections for the SEL-700G when the voltages are connected in
WYE and DELTA and three voltage and three current sources are available.

Test Set Relay Test Set Relay

ACI ACI
Current Output

Current Output
Z01 Z01
1 IAX 1 IAX
Z02 Z02

Z03 Z03
2 IBX 2 IBX
Z04 Z04

Z05 Z05
3 ICX 3 ICX
Z06 Z06

Z07 Z07
N INX N INX
Z08 Z08

AVI AVI
Voltage Output

Voltage Output

1 1
Z09 VAX VAX Z09 VAX VAX
VBX VBX
2 Z10 VBX
(COM)
2 Z10 VBX
(COM)
Z11 VCX VCX Z11 VCX VCX
3 3
Z12 NX COM Z12 NX COM

N WYE OPEN N WYE OPEN

DELTA DELTA

(a) (b)

Figure 4 SEL-700G Test Set Connection With (a) WYE-Connected PT and (b) DELTA-Connected PT

NOTE: The neutrals of the test set must be grounded.

This guide tests the power Element 1 on the X-side. The following steps describe how to perform
the pickup and timing test of the 3PWRX1P and 3PWRX1T Relay Word bits. Use similar steps for
the other power elements.
Step 1. Connect the current sources and voltage sources to the terminals of the relay as shown
in Figure 4(a) or Figure 4(b) based on the DELTAY_X setting in the relay.
Step 2. In the calculation spreadsheet, enter all required settings. Once entered, the spread-
sheet automatically populates the current and voltage magnitudes and phase angles.
Step 3. Program the Sequential Events Recorder (SER) to include the 3PWRX1P and
3PWRX1T Relay Word bits.
Step 4. Inject the current and voltage magnitudes and phase angles. Verify that the 3PWRX1P
Relay Word bit is set to logical 0 by issuing the TAR 3PWRX1P command to the
relay.
When injecting current, adhere to the current input ratings of the relay (see Specifica-
tions in [2]) to avoid causing damage to the relay.

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Step 5. Issue the TAR 3PWRX1P 10000 command from the terminal window or use an HMI
window to monitor the target status. This causes the relay to repeat the TAR
3PWRX1P command 10,000 times so that the Relay Word bits can be monitored in
real-time.
Step 6. Start with a current magnitude that is 10 percent lower than the value shown in the
spreadsheet and slowly increase the magnitude (all three phases by the same amount)
until the 3PWRX1P Relay Word bit becomes logical 1.
Step 7. Turn off the current source. Press Ctrl+X while in the terminal window to abort the
target command entered in Step 5 (the Send Ctrl Characters check box in the upper left
corner of the terminal window must be selected for this to work).
Step 8. Issue an SER command to the relay. Note the times that the 3PWRX1P and
3PWRX1T Relay Word bits assert. The difference in assertion times of both these
Relay Word bits should be approximately the same as the power element time delay
(PWRX1D).

SEL-421 Testing Procedure: Three-Phase

The SEL-421 includes a total of four three-phase overpower and underpower elements (starting
from firmware versions R325 and later). This test procedure is applicable if the E32P setting is set
to 1–4. Figure 5 shows the test set connections for the SEL-421 when the voltages are connected in
WYE and three voltage and three current sources are available.

1 2 3 N 1 2 3 N

Figure 5 SEL-421 Test Set Connection With WYE-Connected PT

NOTE: The neutrals of the test set must be grounded.

This application guide tests the overpower and underpower Element 1. The following steps
describe how to perform the pickup and timing test of the overpower elements 32OP01 and
32OPT01 and the underpower elements 32UP01 and 32UPT01. Use similar steps for other power
elements.

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Testing Three-Phase Overpower Elements

Step 1. Determine the current and voltage source selection (ESS) setting under Global. In the
SEL-421, calculate power by using the line current and line voltage sources. The
LINEI setting determines the line current source, which is either IW or COMB
(IW + IX). If the ALTI SELOGIC setting asserts (alternate current source), the relay
uses the ALINEI source selected in the settings. The default line voltage source is VY.
If the ALTV SELOGIC setting asserts (alternate voltage source), the relay uses the
ALINEV source selected in the settings. For this guide, set ESS to N, LINEI to IW,
and the voltage source to VY. For more details, refer to Current and Voltage Source
Selection in [3].
Step 2. Connect the current sources and voltage sources to the terminals of the relay as shown
in Figure 5.
Step 3. In the calculation spreadsheet, enter all required settings. Once entered, the spread-
sheet automatically populates the current and voltage magnitudes and phase angles.
Step 4. Program the SER to include the 32OP01 and 32OPT01 Relay Word bits.
Step 5. Ensure the overpower element enable Relay Word bit, E32OP01, is set to logical 1.
Step 6. Inject the current and voltage magnitudes and phase angles. Verify that the 32OP01
Relay Word bit is set to logical 0 by issuing the TAR 32OP01 command from the ter-
minal window.
When injecting current, adhere to the current input ratings of the relay (see Specifica-
tions in [3]) to avoid causing damage to the relay.
Step 7. Issue the TAR 32OP01 10000 command from the terminal window. This causes the
relay to repeat the TAR 32OP01 command 10,000 times so that the Relay Word bits
can be monitored in real-time.
Step 8. Start with a current magnitude that is 10 percent lower than the value shown in the
spreadsheet and slowly increase the magnitude (all three phases by the same amount)
until the 32OP01 Relay Word bit becomes logical 1.
Step 9. Turn off the current source. Press Ctrl+X while in the terminal window to abort the
target command entered in Step 6 (the Send Ctrl Characters check box in the upper left
corner of the terminal window must be selected for this to work).
Step 10. Issue an SER command to the relay. Note the times the 32OP01 and 32OPT01 Relay
Word bits assert. The difference in assertion times of both these Relay Word bits
should be approximately the same as the power element time delay (32OPD01).

Testing Three-Phase Underpower Elements

Step 1. Connect the current sources and voltage sources to the terminals of the relay as shown
in Figure 5.
Step 2. In the calculation spreadsheet, enter all required settings. Once entered, the spread-
sheet automatically populates the current and voltage magnitudes and phase angles.
Step 3. Program the SER to include the 32UP01 and 32UPT01 Relay Word bits.
Step 4. Ensure the underpower element enable Relay Word bit, E32UP01, is set to logical 1.
Step 5. Inject the current and voltage magnitudes and phase angles. Verify that the 32UP01
Relay Word bit is set to logical 0 by issuing the TAR 32UP01 command from the ter-
minal window.
When injecting current, adhere to the current input ratings of the relay (see Specifica-
tions in [3]) to avoid causing damage to the relay.

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Step 6. Issue the TAR 32UP01 10000 command from the terminal window. This causes the
relay to repeat the TAR 32UP01 command 10,000 times so that the Relay Word bits
can be monitored in real-time.
Step 7. Start with a current magnitude that is 10 percent higher than the value shown in the
spreadsheet and slowly increase the magnitude (all three phases by the same amount)
until the 32UP01 Relay Word bit becomes logical 1.
Step 8. Turn off the current source. Press Ctrl+X while in the terminal window to abort the
target command entered in Step 6 (the Send Ctrl Characters check box in the upper left
corner of the terminal window must be selected for this to work).
Step 9. Issue the SER command to the relay. Note the assertion times of the 32UP01 and
32UPT01 Relay Word bits. The difference in assertion times of both these Relay Word
bits should be approximately the same as the power element time delay (32UPD01).

SEL-351S-7 Testing Procedure: Three-Phase

The SEL-351S-7 includes a total of four three-phase power elements. This test procedure is appli-
cable if the EPWR setting is set to 3P1–3P4. Figure 6(a) and Figure 6(b) show the test set connec-
tions for the SEL-351S when the voltages are connected in WYE and DELTA and three voltage
and three current sources are available.

(a) (b)

Figure 6 SEL-351S Test Set Connection With (a) WYE-Connected PT and (b) DELTA-Connected PT

NOTE: The neutrals of the test set must be grounded.

This application guide tests the power Element 1. The following steps describe how to perform the
pickup of the 3PWR1 Relay Word bit. Use similar steps for the other power elements.
Step 1. Connect the current sources and voltage sources to the terminals of the relay as shown
in Figure 6(a) or Figure 6(b) based on the Global PTCONN setting in the relay.
Step 2. In the calculation spreadsheet, enter all required settings. Once entered, the spread-
sheet automatically populates the current and voltage magnitudes and phase angles.
Step 3. Inject the current and voltage magnitudes and phase angles. Verify that the 3PWR1
Relay Word bit is set to logical 0 by issuing the TAR 3PWR1 command to the relay.
When injecting current, adhere to the current input ratings of the relay (see Specifica-
tions in [4]) to avoid causing damage to the relay.
Step 4. Issue the TAR 3PWR1 10000 command from the terminal window or use an HMI
window to monitor the target status. This causes the relay to repeat the TAR 3PWR1
command 10,000 times so that the Relay Word bits can be monitored in real-time.

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Step 5. Start with a current magnitude that is 10 percent lower than the value shown in the
spreadsheet and slowly increase the magnitude (all three phases by the same amount)
until the 3PWR1 Relay Word bit becomes logical 1.
Note that there is a built-in time delay, PWR1D, in the power element logic of the
SEL-351S-7. The 3PWR1 Relay Word bit asserts when the three-phase power is
higher than the 3PWR1P setting pickup threshold for the PWR1D delay.
Step 6. Turn off the current source. Press Ctrl+X while in the terminal window to abort the
target command entered in Step 3 (the Send Ctrl Characters check box in the upper left
corner of the terminal window must be selected for this to work).

TESTING SINGLE-PHASE POWER ELEMENTS

Use the spreadsheet provided with this application guide to compute the test quantities. In the
spreadsheet, enter the following information:
➤ Phase Rotation: Select ABC or ACB for the system phase rotation.
➤ PTCONN: Select WYE for the PTs connection.
➤ Power Element Type: Select +WATTS, –WATTS, +VARS, or –VARS for the power
element type to be tested.
➤ Pickup Setting: Enter the value in secondary VA.
➤ Conversion From Primary Power to Secondary Power: Enter the set point in pri-
mary kVA, CTR, and PTR values.
➤ Power Factor: Enter the value and select if the power factor is leading or lagging, or
select unity for the unity power factor.
➤ Nominal Voltage, L-N (Secondary V): Enter nominal line-to-neutral voltage in sec-
ondary V.
➤ Test Method: Select Single-Phase.
➤ Test Phase for Single-Phase Element: Select the phase that you want to test.
This information is required to calculate the current and voltage magnitudes and phase angles that
will be injected to test the power element threshold.
Figure 7 shows the test set connection when voltages are connected in WYE and the single-phase
PT is connected to the A-phase. Figure 7(b) is applicable if the PTCONN is set to SINGLE and
PHANTV is set to VA. If PHANTV is set to B- or C-phase, then the respective phase PT and CT
must be connected to receive the correct power calculation.

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(a) (b)

Figure 7 SEL-351S Test Set Connection With (a) WYE-Connected PT and (b) A-Phase-Connected PT and
PTCONN := SINGLE and PHANTV := VA

NOTE: The neutrals of the test set must be grounded.

SEL-351S-7 Testing Procedure: Single-Phase

The SEL-351S-7 includes a total of four single-phase power elements. This test procedure is appli-
cable if the EPWR setting is set to 1–4. This guide tests the power Element 1 A-phase. The follow-
ing steps describe how to perform the pickup of the PWRA1 Relay Word bit. Use similar steps for
the other power elements.
Step 1. Connect the current sources and voltage sources to the terminals of the relay as shown
in Figure 7.
Step 2. In the calculation spreadsheet, enter all required settings. Once entered, the spread-
sheet automatically populates the current and voltage magnitudes and phase angles.
Step 3. Inject the current and voltage magnitudes and phase angles. Verify that the PWRA1
Relay Word bit is set to logical 0 by issuing the TAR PWRA1 command to the relay.
When injecting current, adhere to the current input ratings of the relay (see Specifica-
tions in [4]) to avoid causing damage to the relay.
Step 4. Issue a TAR PWRA1 10000 command from the terminal window, or use the HMI
window to monitor the target status. This causes the relay to repeat the TAR PWRA1
command 10,000 times so that the Relay Word bits can be monitored in real-time.
Step 5. Start with a current magnitude that is 10 percent lower than the value shown in the
spreadsheet and slowly increase the magnitude until the PWRA1 Relay Word bit
becomes logical 1.
Note that there is a built-in time delay, PWR1D, in the power element logic of the
SEL-351S-7. The PWRA1 Relay Word bit asserts when three-phase power is higher
than the PWR1P setting pickup threshold for the PWR1D delay.
Step 6. Turn off the current source. Press Ctrl+X while in the terminal window to abort the
target command entered in Step 3 (the Send Ctrl Characters check box in the upper left
corner of the terminal window must be selected for this to work).

CONCLUSION
This application guide provides step-by-step instructions for testing three-phase elements with
WYE- and DELTA-connected PTs in the SEL-700G and the SEL-351S, testing three-phase power
elements with WYE-connected PTs in the SEL-421, and testing single-phase power elements with

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SINGLE- or WYE-connected PTs in the SEL-351S-7. The calculation spreadsheet included with
this application guide helps with computing the test quantities required for testing the power ele-
ments, and the SYNCHROWAVE Event custom calculations provided in Appendix A help with event
analysis.

REFERENCES
[1] IEEE 1459-2010, IEEE Standard Definitions for the Measurement of Power Quantities
Under Sinusoidal, Nonsinusoidal, Balanced, or Unbalanced Conditions.
[2] SEL-700G Generator and Intertie Protection Relays Instruction Manual. Available:
selinc.com.
[3] SEL-421-4, -5 Protection, Automation, and Control System Instruction Manual. Available:
selinc.com.
[4] SEL-351S Protection System Instruction Manual. Available: selinc.com.

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APPENDIX A: SYNCHROWAVE EVENT CUSTOM CALCULATIONS

SEL-700G
DELTA_Y = WYE DELTA_Y = DELTA
###converting to secondary value: ###converting to secondary value:
#X-SIDE #X-SIDE
VAX_Sec=VAX_V.Phasor/PTRX.Set VABX_Sec=VABX_V.Phasor/PTRX.Set
VBX_Sec=VBX_V.Phasor/PTRX.Set VBCX_Sec=VBCX_V.Phasor/PTRX.Set
VCX_Sec=VCX_V.Phasor/PTRX.Set IAX_sec=IAX_A.Phasor/CTRX.Set
IAX_sec=IAX_A.Phasor/CTRX.Set ICX_sec=ICX_A.Phasor/CTRX.Set
IBX_Sec=IBX_A.Phasor/CTRX.Set I0X_sec=IGX_A.Phasor/CTRX.Set/3
ICX_sec=ICX_A.Phasor/CTRX.Set #3-PHASE POWER CALCULATION
#3-PHASE POWER CALCULATION SX=VABX_SEC*CONJ(IAX_SEC-I0X_SEC)-VBCX-
SX=VAX_SEC*CONJ(IAX_SEC)+VBX- _SEC*CONJ(ICX_SEC-I0X_SEC)
_SEC*CONJ(IBX_SEC)+VCX_SEC*CONJ(ICX_SEC) QX=IMAG(SX) #3-phase reactive power
QX=IMAG(SX) #3-phase reactive power PX=REAL(SX) #3-phase real power
PX=REAL(SX) #3-phase real power #
# #Y-SIDE
#Y-SIDE VABY_Sec=VABY_V.Phasor /PTRY.Set
VAY_Sec=VAY_V/PTRY.Set VBCY_Sec=VBCY_V.Phasor /PTRY.Set
VBY_Sec=VBY_V/PTRY.Set IAY_sec=IAY_A.Phasor/CTRY.Set
VCY_Sec=VCY_V/PTRY.Set ICY_sec=ICX_A.Phasor/CTRY.Set
IAY_sec=IAY_A.Phasor/CTRY.Set I0Y_sec=IGY_A.Phasor/CTRY.Set/3
IBY_Sec=IBY_A.Phasor/CTRY.Set #3-PHASE POWER CALCULATION
ICY_sec=ICY_A.Phasor/CTRY.Set SY=VABY_SEC*CONJ(IAY_SEC-I0Y_SEC)-
#3-PHASE POWER CALCULATION VBCY_SEC*CONJ(ICY_SEC-I0Y_SEC)
SY=VAY_SEC*CONJ(IAY_SEC)+VBY_SEC*CONJ(IBY QY=IMAG(SY) #3-phase reactive power
_SEC)+VCY_SEC*CONJ(ICY_SEC) PY=REAL(SY) #3-phase real power
QY=IMAG(SY) #3-phase reactive power
PY=REAL(SY) #3-phase real power

SEL-421
###converting to secondary value:
VA_Sec=VA_kV.Phasor*1000/PTRY.Set
VB_Sec=VB_kV.Phasor*1000/PTRY.Set
VC_Sec=VC_kV.Phasor*1000/PTRY.Set
IA_sec=IA_A.Phasor/CTRW.Set
IB_sec=IB_A.Phasor/CTRW.Set
IC_sec=IC_A.Phasor/CTRW.Set
#3-PHASE POWER CALCULATION
S=VA_SEC*CONJ(IA_SEC)+VB_SEC*CONJ(IB_SEC)+VC_SEC*CONJ(IC_SEC)
Q=IMAG(S) #3-phase reactive power
P=REAL(S) #3-phase real power

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SEL-351S-7
PTCONN = WYE/SINGLE PTCONN = DELTA
###converting to secondary value: ###converting to secondary value:
VA_SEC=VA_kV.Phasor*1000/PTR.Set VAB_Sec=VAB_kV.Phasor*1000/PTR.Set
VB_SEC=VB_kV.Phasor*1000/PTR.Set VBC_Sec=VBC_kV.Phasor*1000/PTR.Set
VC_SEC=VC_kV.Phasor*1000/PTR.Set VN_Sec=VS_kV.Phasor*1000/PTRS.Set
IA_SEC=IA.Phasor/CTR.Set IA_sec=IA.Phasor/CTR.Set
IB_SEC=IB.Phasor/CTR.Set IC_sec=IC.Phasor/CTR.Set
IC_SEC=IC.Phasor/CTR.Set I0_sec=IG.Phasor/CTR.Set/3
##Single-phase power #3-PHASE POWER CALCULATION
#A-phase aparent, real, and reactive power VSCONN=1 #set to "0" if VSCONN=VS and "1" if
SA=VA_SEC*CONJ(IA_SEC) VSCONN=3V0
PA=REAL(SA) S=IF(VSCONN=1, VAB_SEC*CONJ(IA_SEC-I0_SEC)-
VBC_SEC*CONJ(IC_SEC-I0_SEC)-
QA=IMAG(SA) VN_SEC*CONJ(I0_SEC),VAB_SEC*CONJ(IA_SEC-
#B-Phase aparent, real, and reactive power I0_SEC)-VBC_SEC*CONJ(IC_SEC-I0_SEC))
SB=VB_SEC*CONJ(IB_SEC) Q=IMAG(S) #3-phase reactive power
PB=REAL(SB) P=REAL(S) #3-phase real power
QB=IMAG(SB)
#C-Phase aparent, real, and reactive power
SC=VC_SEC*CONJ(IC_SEC)
PC=REAL(SC)
QC=IMAG(SC)
##Three-phase power
S3=SA+SB+SC
P3=REAL(S3)
Q3=IMAG(S3)

APPENDIX B: THREE-PHASE POWER CALCULATION FOR DELTA-CONNECTED PT

SEL-351S-7
For a delta-connected PT (Global setting PTCONN = DELTA) with a broken delta 3V0 connection
(Global setting VSCONN = 3V0), the three-phase power is the same as the sum of the theoretical
single-phase powers under any unbalance conditions because the zero-sequence voltage is avail-
able via the VS-NS terminals (provided the 3V0 source is on the same bus section as the three-phase
voltage inputs, the two signal sources cannot be isolated by switching action, and the PTR and
PTRS settings are properly entered).

S  3  = V AB  I A – I 0  – V BC  I C – I 0  + 3 • V 0 • I 0
Equation 3

For a delta-connected PT (Global setting PTCONN = DELTA) with no broken delta 3V0 connec-
tion (Global setting VSCONN = VS), the three-phase power is the same as the sum of the theoret-
ical single-phase powers only in balanced conditions. For unbalanced conditions, the three-phase
power element value includes an error term that is proportional to the amount of unbalance.

S  3  = V AB  I A – I 0  – V BC  I C – I 0 
Equation 4

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SEL-700G
For the X-side and Y-side power calculation with a delta-connected PT (configuration setting
DELTAY_X = DELTA), the three-phase power is theoretically the same as the sum of the single-
phase powers in balanced conditions. For unbalanced conditions, the three-phase power element
value includes an error term that is proportional to the amount of unbalance.

S  3  = V AB  I A – I 0  – V BC  I C – I 0 
Equation 5

TECHNICAL SUPPORT
We appreciate your interest in SEL products and services. If you have questions or comments,
please contact us at:
Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.
2350 NE Hopkins Court
Pullman, WA 99163-5603 U.S.A.
Tel: +1.509.338.3838
Fax: +1.509.332.7990
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Email: [email protected]

Date Code 20220204 SEL Application Guide 2021-30

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SEL Application Guide 2021-30 Date Code 20220204