IX-COMPUTER “CHAPTER-4” DATA COMMUNICATION & COMPUTER NETWORKPage | 37 CHAPTER-4 DATA COMMUNICATION & COMPUTER NETWORK Communication is the process of sharing a message. A conversation between two people is an example of communication. Data communication refers to the sharing of a virtual message. Electronic communications, like emails and instant messages and phone calls are example of data communications. Data communication is the exchange of digital messages between two devices. ‘The transmission medium can be defined as a pathway that can transmit information from a sender to a receiver. Transmission media are located below the physical layer and are controlled by the physical layer. Transmission media are also called communication channels. Sometimes, signals traveling through transmission media lose their quality. This means that received signal is not same as the signal that was sent. This phenomenon is called transmission impairments. Transmission impairments are those defects that occur when data is transmitted. There are three causes of impairment i., attenuation, distortion and noise ‘A. communication device is a hardware device capable of transmitting an analog or the telephone, other communication wire igital signal over A computer network is a set of computers sharing resources located on or provided by network nodes. The computers use common communication protocols over digital interconnections to communicate with each other. Standards are rules that define the appearance, functionality, or protocols of some equipment. They are essential for network communication. Network standards define rules of communications among computing devices. This ensures that companies (i.e., Cisco and IBM) that manufacture computing and networking products follow these uniform standards. By following standards, all hardware become compatible in the network, allowing efficient networking to take place, Computer Network Architecture is defined as the physical and logical design of the software, hardware, protocols, and media of the transmission of data. Annetwork address is a key networking technology component that facilitates identifying a network node/device and reaching a device over a network. It has several forms, including the Internet Protocol (IP) address, media access control (MAC) address and host address. Ql. What are the Basics of Data Communication? BASICS OF DATA COMMUNICATION Data Communications is the transfer of data or information between a source and a receiver. The source transmits the data and the receiver receives it. + The purpose of Data Communications is to provide the rules and regulations that = allow computers with different disk operating systems, languages, cabling and locations to share resources. The rules and regulations are called protocols and standards in Data Communications Q2. State the terms used in Data Communication. BASIC TERMINOLOGIES OF DATA COMMUNICATION In order to understand the data communication, it is good to know some basic terms related to it. () Data Data is the representation of facts, instructions, or concepts like text, numbers, symbols, images, voice, and videos in a structured manner suitable for communication, THE For further Details: 0342-2004125 SHAH SHAT veal \eneeea eePage | 38 (i) Data Communication The processes, facilities and equipment used to transport encoded information from one point to another. (ii) Data Transmission The data transmission means emission of data in any direction via wireless or wired medium. Transmission may occur between source and destination. (iv) Analog Signals Analog signals are a continuously varying signal or -~\ waves that change with time period. Analog Signals can be A / VS Vf Used to measure changes in some physical quantities such as light, sound, pressure or temperature. (iv) Digital signals A discretely variable signal as compared with -PLFLIFLs analog, which is continuously variable. Data signals are coded in discrete and separate pulses. (v) Data Rate/ Bit Rate The speed at which binary digits (bits) would be transmitted over a communications path and usually expressed in "bits per second" (bps). Bit rate should not be confused with Baud which defines the rate of signal state changes: (vi) Baud Rate A unit of signaling speed or rate, taken from the name of French telegrapher, Emile Baudot Baud is usually defined as the number of signal level changes per second, regardless of information content of those signals. If each signal event represents only one-bit condition, baud is the same as bits per second when each signal eventer presents other than one bit. (vil) Signal-To-Noise Ratio (SNR) SNR is a measure used in science and engineering that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise. SNR is defined as the ratio of signal power to the noise power, often expressed in decibels. Q3. What is the difference between Analog and Digital Signals? Difference between the Analog signals and Digital signals ANALOG SIGNALS DIGITAL SIGNALS 1 Analog signals are difficult to analyze. 1. Digital signals are easy to analyze. 2. Analog Signals are more accurate. 2. Digital Signals are less accurate. 3. Analog Signals take time to be stored. +3. Digital Signals can be easily stored. 4. Continuous representation of signals. 4, Discontinuous representation of signals. 5. Analog signals produce noise. 5. Digital signals do not produce noise. 6.Examples of analog signals are Human voice, | 6, Examples of digital signals Computers, Thermometer, Analog phones, etc. Digital phones, Digital pens, etc. Qa. What is the difference between Data Rate and Baud rate? Difference between Data Rate and Baud Rate DATA RATE OR BIT RATE BAUD RATE ] 1. Bit rate is transmission of number of bits | 1. Baud rate is number of signal units per per second. second, 2. It can be defined as per second travel | 2. It can be defined as per second number of number of bits changes. 3. Bit rate focusses on computer efficiency. | 3. Baud rate focusses on data transmission. 4, Data Rate = Baud Rate x the number of bits | 4. Baud Rate Bie Rate, per baud The number ofbits per Baud Q5. — What are the components used in Communication System? Components of a Communication system Ina data Communication system, five major components make up the system. For further Details: 0342-2004125Page | 39, 2. Message: It is the information (including text, numbers, pictures, audio, and video) to be communicated between the devices. 2. Sender: ‘The device which sends the data message. It can be a computer, mobile or a camera 3. Receiver The device which receives the message through a computer, telephone, etc. 4, Medium The physical path through which a message travels from the sender to the receiver. Some examples of the medium include twisted-pair wire, coaxial wire, fiber-optic cable, and radio waves. 5. Protocol Asset of rules which govern the data communications. It represents the agreement between the two communicating devices. Any devices can connect with each other. But they cannot communicate without protocols. Q6. What are the properties of a Good Communication System? PROPERTIES OF A GOOD COMMUNICATION SYSTEM: The effectiveness of a data communications system depends on the fundamental characteristics which include delivery, accuracy and timeliness. ‘CHARACTERISTICS DESCRIPTION Making sure that the data is delivered is the first fundamental characteristic of any communication network. The system must be able Delnery" to deliver data in the correct order to the correct destination, pediheg, The system must deliver the data accurately, Data that has been altered during transmission and let uncorrected is not useful. aaah The data must be delivered in a timely manner. Late delivered data is Timeliness useless. Q7. — What is Transmission Medium? Describe Guided and Unguided Media with the help of diagram. ‘TRANSMISSION MEDIUM Transmission medium is a physical path between the Sender and the Receiver. It is the channel through which data is sent from one place to another. Transmission media is broadly classified into the following types: miso d Q8. Describe Guided Media. (i) Guided Media: It is defined as the physical medium through which the signals It as transmitted. It is also known as bounded media There are three common types of guided media used for the networks. Guided Media is broadly classified into two three categories: 1. Twisted pair: Twisted pair is a physical media made up of a pair of cables twisted with each A twisted pair cable is cheap as compared to other media, of the twisted pair cable is easy, and it isa lightweight cable, the frequency for twisted pair cable is from 0 to 3.5KHe. there are two types of twisted pair cables: For further Details: 0342-2004125Page | 40 (a) Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) (b) Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) (a) Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP): Unshielded twisted pair is widely used telecommunication. It can be used for high-spec Local Area Networking (LAN). It is less expensive and easy to install. SHIELDED TWISTED-PAIR (b) Shielded Twisted Pair (STP): A Shielded twisted pair is a cable that contains the mesh surrounding the wire that allows the high transmission rate. The cost of the shielded twisted pair cable is not very high and not very low. The installation of STP is easy. show "Yar 2. COAXIAL CABLE: Coaxial cable is very commonly used transmission media, for example, TV wire is usually a coaxial cable. The name of the cable fs coaxial as it contains two conductors parallel to each other. It has a higher frequency as compared to Twisted pair cable. Plastic Jacket Metallic Shietd Dielectric Insulator L. T 3. FIBER-OPTIC CABLE: Fiber optic cable sends the data by the pulses of light. The plastic coating protects the optical fibers from heat, cold, electromagnetic interference from other types of wiring, Fiber optics provide faster data transmission than copper wires, Q9. Describe Unguided Media. (i) Un-Guided Media: Unguided media is also termed as wireless or unbounded transmission media As the name implies, it does not require physical medium such as wire for the transmission of electromagnetic signals. © Radio Waves © Microwaves + Infrared 1. Radio wave Transmission: The radio waves have frequency range from 3 KHz and 1 GHz, These waves are easy to generate and these can travel along long distances. These waves are Omni For further Details: 0342-2004125Page | 41 directional in nature which means that they can travel in all the directions. They are widely used for the communication between both indoor and outdoor because they have the property that they can penetrate through the walls very easily. These waves are usually used for AM and FM radio, television, cellular phones and wireless LAN. 2. Microwave Transmission: Microwaves are the electromagnetic waves which have frequency range between 1 GHz to 300 GHz. These can travel along long distances. These are unidirectional in nature which means that they can travel only in straight line. At very high frequency that cannot penetrate into walls. These waves are usually used for one-to-one communication between sender and receiver, cellular phones, satellite networks and wireless LAN. Terrestrial and Satellite are two types of microwave transmissions. 3. Infrared: Infrared transmission is a wireless technology used for communication over short ranges such as data transfer between two cell phones, TV remote operation, data transfer between a computer and cell phone resides in the same closed area, 4, Terrestrial Microwaves: Terrestrial Microwave transmission is a technology that transmits ‘the microwave signal from one ground-based transmission antenna to another. 5. Satellite Microwaves: A satellite is a physical object that revolves around the earth at a known height. Satellite communication is more reliable nowadays as it offers more flexibility than cable systems. We can communicate with any point on the globe by using satellite communication. Q10. Whats the difference between Radio wave and Micro wave? DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RADIO WAVE MICRO WAVE RADIO WAVE ‘MICROWAVE Frequency range: 3KH2 TO 1GHz Frequency range: 1GHz to 300 GHz. These offers poor security. “These offers medium security. Attenuation is high. ‘Attenuation is variable. Setup and usage cost are moderate. Setup and usage cost are high. These are used in long distance communication | These are used in long distance communication. Q11. _ List the Causes of signal impairment. OR —_ What are the reasons due to which signals become weak? Following are the causes due to which signals become impaired and weak: Impairment Causes FReteel eee Attenuation Distortion Noise 1, _ ATTENUATION: Attenuation means loss of signal’s energy due to the resistance of medium during transmission. Distance is also a cause of attenuation. To empower signals again, amplifiers are used. naira enuated mesine, 2. DISTORTION: Distortion means change in the shape of the signal. A composite signal has several frequencies. When it travels through a medium different component of signal may reach at different time at destination because each component has different speed in that medium. This is called distortion. They have different phases at sender and receiver ends. For further Details: 0342-2004125Page | 42 2 | 4 : Ie INPUT DISTORTION 3. NOISE: Unwanted signal that mixes up with the original signal during the transmission of data is called noise. It can be induced noise, crosstalk noise, thermal noise and impulse noise which may damage the signal. Q12. Define communication devices. COMMUNICATION DEVICES: A communication device is a kind of hardware capable of transmitting and receiving data, instructions, and information. Q13. What is a network switch? SWITCH: Network switch connects devices within a network (often a Local Area Network, or LAN) and forwards data packets to and from those devices. Unlike a router, a switch only sends data to a single device. Q14, Explain the function of Router. ROUTER: A router is connected to two or more data lines from different networks. The most familiar type of routers are home and small office routers that simply forward IP packets between the home computers and the Internet. Q15. _ Explain the functions of an amplifier. AMPLIFIER: An amplifier is an electronic device that increases the voltage, current, or power of a signal. Amplifiers are used in wireless communications and broadcasting, Q16. What isa Hub? HUB: A hub, also called a network hub, is a common connection point for devices in a network. Hubs are devices commonly used to connect segments of a LAN. <> ue Q17. What is Modem? MODEM: MODEM is short for the Modulator and Demodulator.t is used to communicate between distant computers. Each computer has required a Modem to make a connection and each Modem can send and receive data to and from the other modem. THE For further Details: 0342-2004125 SHAH eawany (1 CI | aera in.Page | 43 Lc gece A Q18. Describe Different types of Modem. i) _DIAL-UP-MODEM: Dialup modems use standard telephone lines to transmit and receive information. Data packets sent by the computer are in the form of digital. To send these packets across a telephone line, the modem converts digital signals into analog. ‘analog Telaphere tine [re Hb] Heron ii) DSL MODEM: A device used to connect a computer or router to a telephone line which provides the digital subscriber line service for connection to the Internet called DSL Modem or DSL broadband. It has.a built-in network switch that enables the use of twisted pair wires to deliver data and voice at high speed as compared to a dial up modem. ise 2 Exchange Il) ISON MODEM: An ISDN sends digital data Information for a computer to an ISDN line and receives digital data information an ISDN line. ISDN and DSL modems usually are external devices. ofa Q19. _ What is the Network Interface Card (NIC)? NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC): Network Interface Cards (NICs) are hardware devices that connect a computer with the network. They are responsible for establishing a physical connection between the network and the computer. modern motherboards have built-in NICs. Q20, What are the Basics of Computer Networks? BASICS OF COMPUTER NETWORKS: Computer networks are just like a highway on which data involves hardware and software that connects computers are common functions and features like data and devices which is nowadays. Q21. Define the term Network and Networking. i) COMPUTER NETWORK: A computer network is a set of computers connected to the most common resource shared today is connection to the Intern resources can include a printer, scanner ora file server. For further Details: 0342-2004125Page | 44 ii) NETWORKING: Networking is the exchange of information and ideas among common profession or special interest, usually in a setting. Networking often begins with a single point of common ground Q22. Write the benefits of computer networking. + Share Files & Folder: Network enable users to share files and folders with others. + Share Equipment: Network enables users to share equipment such as laser printer and large hard disk drive which is expensive © Share Internet Connection: It enables different computer to share the internet. + Share Email: Network enable to share Email through Mail Server. Q23. Define local area network (LAN). LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN): Local Area Network is a group of computers connected with each other in a small place such as school, hospital, apartment etc. LAN is secure because there is no outside connection with the Local Area Network thus the data which is shared is safe on the Local Area Network and can't be accessed outside. tan Co] Q24. Give one example of LAN, WAN and MAN. LAN Is a group of computers connected with each other inva small place suchas school, hospital, apartment etc, in MAN network various LANs are connected with each other through telephone lines. A WAN can cover country, continent or even a whole world. ‘= Eis "MAN 25. _ Define the term Network Topology. Fundamental of Topologies The term ‘Topology’ refers to the structure of the network of how various computers, nodes and devices, are interconnected to each other. There are two types of topology: Physical and Logical topology. a) PHYSICAL: The physical network topology refers to the actual connections (wires, cables, etc.) of how the network is arranged, b) LOGICAL: The logical network topology is an idea of how the network is set up, in which Ways nodes connect to each other and how data is transmitted through the network. Q26. What are the different kinds of topologies? Briefly explain. ‘There are different types of network topologies that are suitable for different purposes, depending on the size of the network and business objectives. 1. __ RING TOPOLOGY: Ring topology consists of devices arranged in a ring or a circle, The data flows through the ring network in either one direction or both directions. 2. STAR TOPOLOGY: A star topology consists of computers and peripherals connected directly to a central device called network switch or hub. The central network device acts as a server. When an information is sent from a node, it passes through the central network and then reaches the destination. For further Details: 0342-2004125Page | 45 3. BUS TOPOLOGY: Bus topology, also known as “line topology [?] "backbone topology [?] consists of all the devices connected on a network along a single cable. The data flows in a single direction from one end of the network to the other. Q27. _ State three advantages and disadvantages of Ring Topology. ADVANTAGES OF RING TOPOLOGY Fast data transfer between workstations. ‘Easy expansion of the network. ‘+ Relatively easier to identify issues with the network, DISADVANTAGES OF RING TOPOLOGY ‘+ One device's malfunction can shut the entire network. ‘+ Network flow can be stopped during adding or removing a device. * Network flow can be stopped during network maintenance. Q28. _ State three advantages and ADVANTAGES OF STAR TOPOLOGY © Maintenance is easy. Network flow does not stop during adding or removing a device. ‘+ Network flow does not stop during network maintenance. DISADVANTAGES OF STAR TOPOLOGY © Could be costly. ‘+ Ifthe central network/switch/hub malfunctions the entire network is disconnected, ‘+The number of nodes is dependent on central network device. idvantages of Star Topology. 29, State three advantages and disadvantages of Bus Topology. ADVANTAGES OF BUS TOPOLOGY ‘It's ideal for small networks, ‘It's the easiest network topology for connecting and plugging in more computers and peripherals * It's economical and uncomplicated. DISADVANTAGES OF BUS TOPOLOGY ‘ Itis difficult to troubleshoot individual device issues. ‘+ Large number of devices slow down the network. ‘+The network fails or splits into two if the main cable is damaged, 30. Classify the Network types on the basis of their characteristics. TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS: A Computer network is a group of computers connected with each other through a transmission medium such as cable, wire etc. There are mainly three types of computer networks based on their size. 1) Local area Network (LAN) 2). Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) 3) Wide area Network (WAN) Types of Computer Network For further Details: 0342-2004125Page | 46 Q31. Define WAN. WIDE AREA NETWORK: A wide area network, or WAN, occupies a very large area, such as an entire country or the entire world. A WAN can contain multiple smaller networks, such as LANs or MANS. ‘The Internet is the best-known example of a public WAN. Q32. Write the difference between LAN & WAN. PARAMETER LAN WAN. Abbreviation for _| Local area network Wide area network LAN (Local Area Network) is a network covering a small geographic ‘area and connecting various end devices like computers and printers, LAN may be limited to a home, office, schools or building. WAN (Wide Area Network) is a network that covers a broad area and use to connect end devices like computers and printers which are distributed across long distance. Philosophy WAN is owned operated, managed & | LAN is owned, operated, managed | and monitored by multiple service Management —_| and monitored by a customer providers hence exist under distributed ownership, Internet is the best example WAN Example Network inside an office space Scars Security More secured Less secured Coverage across. small [WAN is has extremely large Coverage geographical area like limited to | geographical area. It is not limited to office area or customer building one country Q33. Define MAN. METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK: A metropolitan area network, or MAN, consists of a computer network across an entire city, college campus or small region. A MAN is larger than a LAN, which is typically limited to a single building or site. Depending on the configuration, this type of network can cover an area from several miles to tens of miles. A MAN is often used to connect several LANs together to form a bigger network. When this type of network is specifically designed for a college campus, it is sometimes referred to as a campus area network, or CAN. Q34. What do you mean by Standards in Network Technology? Describe Standard Organization. STANDARDS: Standard ensure the consistency of networking technologies by defining the rules of communication among networked devices. Networking standards exist to help ensure that the products of different vendors are able to work together in a network without risk of incompatibility. STANDARD ORGANIZATION: A standards organization sometimes referred to as a standards body, is an organization that establishes the standards for computer equipment to keep the Uniformity to make sure the hardware produced are all compatible in the network. Their examples include IEEE, IETE, ITU and ANSI Q35. Describe the purpose of the Standard Organization. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION (ISO): ISO is responsible for standardization of total 97 fields. It publishes standards for variety of products, materials, and processes. The organization's standards catalog ranges from healthcare, jewelry, clothing, weapons, paint, engineering, to aircraft. INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING (IEEE): IEEE is the world's largest technical professional association. It focuses on electrical, electronics, communications, computer engineering, computer science and information technology. For further Details: 0342-2004125Page | 47 INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING TASK FORCE (IETF): The IETF is the leading Internet standards body, It develops standards with the intent to make the Internet work better. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI): ANSI is an US based Non-Profit standard body and serves to strengthen U.S. businesses. ANSI's association helps to guide businesses in various sector of the economy, including industries such as electrical, oll and gas drilling or refining, contract electricians, and more. Q36. Define Network Architecture. NETWORK ARCHITECTURE: Network architecture is the design of a computer network. itis a framework for the specification of a network's physical components and their functional organization and configuration, its operational principles and procedures, as well as communication protocols used. Q37. _ What is ISO's OSI Model? ISO's OSI MODEL: The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of a telecommunication system. Its goal is the interoperability of diverse communication systems with standard communication protocols. It defines seven layers in a complete communication system. Q38. Why OSI model is broken up in layers? The OSI model is conceptual. It is broken up into layers so a person can visualize network communications from the application to the medium. Q39. Define the functions of all layers of OSIs ISO model. FUNCTIONS OF LAYERS: S.NO. LAYERS FUNCTIONS. Ibis responsible for converting electrical signals into bits. It also 01, Physical —_| defines the cable types to be used as transmission media, cards, topology and other physical aspects. This layer is responsible to transmit data using physical addresses. 02, Data Link | Data Link Layer ensures error free transmission of packets. Packet in this layer is referred as Frame. The function of this layer is the selection of the shortest and suitable path from source to destination, from the number of routes available, It is also responsible to convert logical address (IP address) to physical address (MAC address). It ensures the reliable transmission of data. Transport layer manages 04. Transport | error control, ow control and quality of the service. If the data is not properly transmitted it requests to resend. ‘Session Layer manages and synchronize the conversation between two different applications. Transfer of data from source to destination session layer streams of data are marked and are resynchronized properly. While receiving the data, presentation layer transforms the data to 06. | Presentation | be ready for the application layer. It performs Data compression, Data encryption, Data conversion etc. Application Layer is the topmost layer. This layer mainly holds | application programs to act upon the received and to be sent data 03. Network 0s. Session 07. Application Following are the introductory functions performed by each layer of the OSI model. Q40. What is TCP/IP Model? TCP/IP MODEL: TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control protocol/internet Protocol. The TCP/IP model is a concise version of the OSI model. It contains four layers, unlike seven layers the OSI For further Details: 0342-2004125Page | 48 model. The layers are the process/Application Layer, Host-to-Host/Transport layer, Internet Layer, and Network Access/Link Layer. Q41. Describe the functions of layers in TCP/IP model? With the following reference to OSI layers, we can understand the functions of TCP/IP layers. S.No. | OSILAYERS | TCP/IP LAYERS FUNCTIONS Physical This layer corresponds to the combination of Data 1. | pata une] NOTMOK ACESS | Link Layer and physical Layer of the OSI model. ne Tntemar| lt fesponsible for the packet forwarding by accessing physical path This layer is analogous to the transport layer of the 3. Transport Transport OSI model.it is responsible for the end-to-end delivery of data. |_Session__| he It is responsible for the node-to-node communication 4. [Presentation | Application | and controls user- interface specification. ‘Application Q42. What is the Difference between TCP/IP and OSI Model? Difference between TCP/IP and OS! Model? TcP/icp ‘Osi TCP refers to Transmission control protocol. OSI refers to open systems interconnection. TCP/IP has 4 layers. OSI has 7 layers. ‘TCP/IP is more reliable. OSI is less reliable. TCP/IP does not have very strict boundaries. | OSI has strict boundaries. TCP/IP follow a horizontal approach. OSI follows a vertical approach. Q43. What does Network Address mean? NETWORK ADDRESS: A network address is any logical or physical address that uniquely distinguishes a network node or device over a computer or telecommunications network. It is a numeric/symbolic number or address that is assigned to any device that seeks access to or is part of a network, Q44, What is the difference between Physical Address and Logical Address? Difference between Physical Address and Logical Address PHYSICAL ADDRESS LOGICAL ADDRESS User can never view physical address or | User can view the logical address of a program’ program The user can indirectly access physical but not | The user can use the logical address to access. directly physical address. Physical Address is attached with ROM and NIC | Logical address is assigned to a device card Physical addressing cannot be changed Logical address can be changed Q45. Define IPV4 Address. IPV4 ADDRESS: An IP address is a unique number or address used to identify a device on a network ‘The device could be a computer, printer, smartphone, tablet, etc. The IPV4 address is a 32-bit number that uniquely identifies a network interface on a system. An IPV4 address is written in decimal digits, divided into four 8-bit fields that are separated by dots. Each 8-bit field represents a byte of the IPV4 address like: For further Details: 0342-2004125Page | 49 SECTION A (MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS) qu. 1. 10, 11 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, For further Details: 0342-2004125 (Choose the correct answer from the given options: is the process of sharing a message. Data communication refers to the exchange of digital messages between twodevices. a) Communication _b) Components ©) Devices d) None Data is the transfer of data or information between a source and a receiver a) Communication _b) Components ©) Devices d) None ‘means emission of data in any direction a) Data Communication b) Data Transmission ©) Both A&B d) None is the representation of facts, instructions, or concepts like text, numbers, symbols & images. a) Communication _b) Components ©) Devices d) Data signals are continuously varying signals or waves that change with time period and Used to represent data, a) Analog b) Digital ©) Both d) None signal is an electrical signal that is converted into a pattern of bits to represent a sequence of discrete value. a) Analog b) Digital ©) Both d) None The rate is the number of signals transmitted per second and one signal can represent one or more bits. a) Bit b) Baud ©) Both d) None is defined as the ratio of signal power to the noise power, often expressed in decibels, a) Bit b) Baud SNR d) None The set of rules to send and receive data is called: a) Ethernet b) Register ©) Protocol d) Bus ‘communication system has following components. a) Four b) Five ©) Three d) Six The device which receives the message through a computer, telephone, etc. is a) Sender b) Receiver ©) Protocol d) None The system must deliver the data a) Accurately b) Delivery ©) Timeliness d) None The system must be able to data in the correct order to the correct destination. a) Accurately b) Deliver ©) Timeliness d) None Transmission media is broadly classified into groups. a) One b) Two ©) Three d) Four The can be defined as a pathway that can transmit information from a sender to areceiver: a) Transmission medium b) directed media ) guided media d) unguided media Wired Media is also called: a) targeted media ——b) directed media_—_c) guided media d) unguided media There are types of twisted pair cables. a) one b) two three d) four TV wire is usually a cable. a) Twisted b) Fiber Optic ©) coaxial d) None provide faster data transmission than copper wires. a) Twisted b) Fiber Optic ©) coaxial d) None Radio waves are also called waves. a) Microwaves b) Electromagnetic) Both d) None Radios, television and cordless phones use for transmission. a) Microwaves b) Electromagnetic _c) Radio wave d) None22, 23, 24, 25, 26. 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41. 42, 43. For further Details: 0342-2004125 Page | 50 transmission is a line of sight transmission i.e. the sending and receiving antennas need to be properiy aligned with each other. a) Microwaves b) Electromagnetic) Both d) None light is transmitted generally line of sight (point to point). a) Microwaves b) Electromagnetic) Infrared d) None There are. kinds of impairment as attenuation, distortion and noise. a) One b) Two ©) Three d) Four means loss of energy or a weak signal. a) Attenuation b) Distortion ©) Noise d) None ‘means change in the shape of the signal. a) Attenuation b) Distortion ©) Noise d) None Influence signal that mixes up with the original signal during the transmission of data is called a) Attenuation b) Distortion ©) Noise d) None ‘The server on the internet is also known as 2 a) Hub b) Repeater ©) Host d) Gateway Router determines data path to transfer data packets which is the: a) shortest b) longest ©) cheapest d) optimal A or network switch is a networking device that connects computers and other devices like printers, scanners, and cameras of a computer network. a) Switch b) Router ©) Modem. d) None A is device that connects two or more networks. a) Switch b) Router ©) Modem. d) None stands for Digital Subscriber Line. a) DSL by ISDN ©) Dial up d) None are hardware devices that connect a computer with the network. a) NIC b) switch ©) Dialup d) None A computer is a set of computers sharing resources located on or provided by network nodes. a) Network b) Ring ©) Bus d) Any topology enable users to share files and folders with others. a) Network b) switch ) Hub ) None A is-2 group of computer and peripheral.devices which are connected in a limited area such as school, laboratory, home, and office building. a) LAN b) MAN ©) WAN d) GAN Home W/Fi networks and small business networks are common examples of a) LAN b) MAN ) WAN 4) GAN Client/server network consists of which topology: a) star b) Ring ©) Bus d) Any topology In topology, computers are connected in a ring shape. a) Bus b) Ring ) Star d) None Ina topology, all the computers are connected to a central device called hub or switch a) Bus b) Ring ) Star ) None topology consists of a single cable by which all the computers and other devices of a network are connected. a) Bus b) Ring ) Star d) None A is a telecommunications network that extends over a large geographic area. a) LAN b) MAN ) WAN d)GAN In its simplest form, a wide-area network (WAN) is a collection of or other networks that communicate with one another a) LAN b) MAN ) WAN d) GAN44, 45, 46. a7, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52 53, Page | 51 A consists of a computer network across an entire city, college campus, or a small region. a) LAN b) MAN ©) WAN d) GAN IEEE, IETF, ITU and ANSI are examples of organizations with different goals and functions. a) Standard b) National ©) Both d) None consists of members from the standards committees of various governments across the world. a) ISO b) ost S10 d) None is the design of a computer network a) Star b) Network Architecture c) Bus d) Any topology OS! has layers. a)3 b)4 os a7 A network address is any logical or physical address that identifies itself from other addresses. a) Uniquely b) Common ©) Public d) None Logical address is a bit IP Address. It is temporary. a) 32 b) 34 935 4)37 An IPVA address ismade up of binary bits, a) 32 b) 34 35 4)37 Logical address is a bit IP Address. itis temporary. a) 32 by 34 35 437 ‘An IPVA address is made up of binary bits. a) 32 b) 34 35 437 SECTION B (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS) What are the Basics of Data Communication? Write the difference between Analog & Digital Signal. Write the difference between Bit & Baud Rate. What are the components used in Communication System? What are the properties of a Good Communication System? Write the difference between Radio wave & Microwave. Define transmission impairments also write their names and define only one. Define amplifier, Switch and Router. Define NIC. Define Network, Write the benefits of network. Give one example of LAN, WAN and MAN. Define the term Network Topology. Write the advantages and dis advantages of RING TOPOLOGY. Write the advantages and dis advantages of Star TOPOLOGY. Write the advantages and dis advantages of Star TOPOLOGY. Write the difference between LAN & WAN. Define Network Architecture. Describe the functions of layers in TCP/IP model. Write the difference between TCP/IP & OSI Write the difference between Physical & Logical Address. SECTION C (DETAILED ANSWER QUESTIONS) L 2 3. For further Details: 0342-2004125 State the terms used in Data Communication Describe Guided Media. SHAH an el ae s Explain Coaxial Cable & Fiber optic.Page | 52 4, Describe Unguided Media 5. Explain Transmission Impairments. 6. Explain Modem & types. 7. Explain Lan and write its characteristics. 8 What are the different kinds of topologies? Briefly explain. 9. Explain WAN and write its characteristics. 10. Explain MAN and write its characteristics. 11. Describe the purpose of the Standard Organization, 12. _ Define the functions of all layers of OSI ISO model. 13. What is Transmission Medium? Describe Guided and Unguided Media. For further Details: 0342-2004125