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4931-Grace College of Engineering
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
B.E., - Mechanical Engineering
Anna University Regulation: 2021
Heat and Mass Transfer
III Year / VI Semester
Hand Written Notes
Unit – I
CONDUCTION
Prepared by,
Mr.G.Shasti Kumar, AP/Mech
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UNIT-I
1. State Fourier’s Law of conduction.
The rate of heat conduction is proportional to the area measured – normal to the
direction of heat flow and to the temperature gradient in that direction.
2. Define Thermal Conductivity.
Thermal conductivity is defined as the ability of a substance to conduct heat.
3. State Newton’s law of cooling or convection law.
Heat transfer by convection is given by Newton’s law of cooling
Q = hA (Ts - T )
Where
A – Area exposed to heat transfer in m2 , h - heat transfer coefficient in W/m2K
Ts – Temperature of the surface in K, T - Temperature of the fluid in K.
4. Define overall heat transfer co-efficient.
The overall heat transfer by combined modes is usually expressed in terms of an
overall conductance or overall heat transfer co-efficient ‘U’.
Heat transfer Q = UA T.
5. What is critical radius of insulation (or) critical thickness?
Critical radius = rc Critical thickness = rc – r1Addition of insulating material on
a surface does not reduce the amount of heat transfer rate always. In fact under
certain circumstances it actually increases the heat loss up to certain thickness
of insulation. The radius of insulation for which the heat transfer is maximum is
called
critical radius of insulation, and the corresponding thickness is called critical
thickness.
6. Define fins (or) extended surfaces.
It is possible to increase the heat transfer rate by increasing the surface of heat
transfer. The surfaces used for increasing heat transfer are called extended
surfaces or sometimes known as fins.
7. State the applications of fins.
The main applications of fins are
1. Cooling of electronic components
2. Cooling of motor cycle engines.
3. Cooling of transformers
4. Cooling of small capacity compressors
8. Define Fin efficiency.
The efficiency of a fin is defined as the ratio of actual heat transfer by the fin to
the maximum possible heat transferred by the fin.
9. Define Fin effectiveness.
Fin effectiveness is the ratio of heat transfer with fin to that without fin.
PART-B
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1.A wall is constructed of several layers. The first layer consists of masonry brick 20cm.
thick of thermal conductivity 0.66 W/mK, the second layer consists of 3 cm thickmortar of
thermal conductivity 0.6 W/mK, the third layer consists of 8 cm thick lime stone of thermal
conductivity 0.58 W/mK and the outer layer consists of 1.2 cm thick plaster of thermal
conductivity 0.6 W/mK. The heat transfer coefficient on the interior and exterior of the wall
are 5.6 W/m 2K and 11 W/m 2K respectively. Interior room temperature is 22 0C and outside
air temperature is -50C.
Calculate
a) Overall heat transfer coefficient
b) Overall thermal resistance
c) The rate of heat transfer
d) The temperature at the junction between the mortar and the limestone.
2. A furnace wall made up of 7.5 cm of fire plate and 0.65 cm of mild steel plate. Inside
surface exposed to hot gas at 6500C and outside air temperature 270C. The convective heat
transfer co-efficient for inner side is 60 W/m2K. The convective heat transfer co-efficient for
outer side is 8W/m2K. Calculate the heat lost per square meter area of the furnace wall and
also find outside surface temperature.
3. A steel tube (K = 43.26 W/mK) of 5.08 cm inner diameter and 7.62 cm outer diameter is
covered with 2.5 cm layer of insulation (K = 0.208 W/mK) the inside surface of the tube
receivers heat from a hot gas at the temperature of 316 0C withheat transfer co-efficient of 28
W/m2K. While the outer surface exposed to the ambient air at 300C with heat transfer co-
efficient of 17 W/m2K. Calculate heat loss for 3 m length of the tube.
4. Derive an expression of Critical Radius of Insulation For A Cylinder.
5. A wire of 6 mm diameter with 2 mm thick insulation (K = 0.11 W/mK). If the convective
heat transfer co-efficient between the insulating surface and air is 25 W/m2 L, find the critical
thickness of insulation. And also find the percentage of change in the heat transfer rate if the
critical radius is used.
6. An aluminium alloy fin of 7 mm thick and 50 mm long protrudes from a wall, which is
maintained at 1200C. The ambient air temperature is 220C. The heat transfer coefficient and
conductivity of the fin material are 140 W/m2K and 55W/mK respectively. Determine
1. Temperature at the end of the fin.
2. Temperature at the middle of the fin.
3. Total heat dissipated by the fin.
7. A copper plate 2 mm thick is heated up to 400 C and quenched into water at 30 C. Find
the time required for the plate to reach the temperature of 50 C. Heat transfer co-efficient is
100 W/m2K. Density of copper is 8800 kg/m3. Specific heat of copper = 0.36 kJ/kg K. Plate
dimensions = 30 30 cm.
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8.A steel ball (specific heat = 0.46 kJ/kgK. and thermal conductivity = 35 W/mK) having 5
cm diameter and initially at a uniform temperature of 4500C is suddenly placed in a control
environment in which the temperature is maintained at 1000C. Calculate the time required for
the balls to attained a temperature of 1500C. Take
h = 10W/m2K.
9. Alloy steel ball of 2 mm diameter heated to 800 C is quenched in a bath at 100 C. The
material properties of the ball are K = 205 kJ/m hr K,ρ= 7860 kg/m3, C= 0.45 kJ/kg K, h =
150 KJ/ hr m2 K. Determine (i) Temperature of ball after 10 second and (ii) Time for ball to
cool to 400 C.
10. A large steel plate 5 cm thick is initially at a uniform temperature of 400 C. It is suddenly
exposed on both sides to a surrounding at 60 C with convective heat transfer co-efficient of
285 W/m2K. Calculate the centre line temperature and the temperature inside the plate 1.25
cm from themed plane after 3 minutes.Take K for steel = 42.5 W/mK, for steel = 0.043
m2/hr.
ME8693_HMT
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Click on Subject/Paper under Semester to enter.
Transforms and Partial Environmental Sciences
Professional English - Differential Equations and Sustainability -
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II - HS3252 - MA3351 GE3451
I - HS3152
Engineering Mechanics Theory of Machines -
Matrices and Calculus Statistics and - ME3351 ME3491
Numerical Methods -
4th Semester
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- MA3151
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MA3251 Engineering Thermal Engineering -
Thermodynamics - ME3451
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Engineering Graphics - ME3391
PH3151
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Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics and
Engineering Chemistry Machinery - CE3391 Pneumatics - ME3492
- CY3151 Materials Science -
Engineering Materials Manufacturing
PH3251
and Metallurgy - Technology - ME3493
Problem Solving and ME3392
Python Programming - Basic Electrical and
GE3151 Electronics Engineering - Manufacturing Strength of Materials
BE3251 Processes - ME3393 - CE3491
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- ME3791
Design of Machine
Elements - ME3591 Computer Integrated
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5th Semester
Transfer - ME3691 ME3792
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Metrology and
7th Semester
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ME3592 Elective-4 Human Values and
Ethics - GE3791 Project Work /
Elective 1 Elective-5 Intership
Industrial Management -
Elective 2 Elective-6 GE3792
Elective 3 Elective-7 Open Elective 2
Open Elective 3
Open Elective 4
All MECH Eng Subjects - [ B.E., M.E., ] (Click on Subjects to
enter)
Materials Science Engineering Mechanics Strength of Materials
Engineering Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Engineering Materials and
Thermodynamics Metallurgy
Manufacturing Manufacturing Technology II Kinematics of Machinery
Technology I
Electrical Drives and Metrology and Measurements Computer Aided Design
Controls
Heat and Mass Transfer Design of Machine Elements Thermal Engineering
Dynamics of Machines Design of Transmission Systems Automobile Engineering
Finite Element Analysis Power Plant Engineering Mechatronics
Gas Dynamics and Jet Unconventional Machining Computer Integrated
Propulsion Processes Manufacturing Systems
Robotics Engineering Economics Engineering Graphics
Advanced Internal Basic Electrical and Electronics Transforms and Partial
Combustion Engines and Instrumentation Engineering Differential Equations
Technical English Engineering Physics Engineering Chemistry
Problem Solving and Environmental Science and Professional Ethics in
Python Programming Engineering Engineering
Principles of Management Total Quality Management
