CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Evolution of assistive technology

According to Edyburn, D. L. (2000). Assistive technology and students with mild

disabilities. Focus on exceptional children. The use of technology in special education

technology has evolved considerably in the 1990s. Therefore, it is somewhat surprising

that literature searches using the descriptors "assistive technology" and "mild disabilities"

yield few articles (Behrmann, 1994; Bryant, Bryant, & Raskind, 1998, Raskind, Higgins,

Slaff, & Shaw, 1998), book chapters (Okolo, 2000), and conference papers (Edyburn,

1996), given the prevalance of assistive technology and the fact that mild disabilities are

high-incidence. Despite the explosion of products and developments in the marketplace,

the profession to date, has been slow to recognize the need to integrate state-of-the-art

technology into special education programs and services for students with mild

disabilities. One possible explanation for the limited attention to assistive technology and

mild disabilities is that the area is still in its infancy. This perspective can be supported

from a historical viewpoint as well as a policy perspective. Historically, assistive

technology devices and services have been associated with individuals who have physical

and sensory impairments and moderate or severe needs.

According to ermelstein, H., Guzman, E., Rabinowitz, T., Krupinski, E., & Hilty,

D. (2017). The application of technology to health: the evolution of telephone to

telemedicine and telepsychiatry: a historical review and look at human factors. Journal of

Technology in Behavioral Science. The use of technology to provide support to those

suffering from illness was realized early and its capacity to facilitate care for the

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underserved, those at a distance, or those for whom care was inaccessible is captured in

narratives, a few journal articles, letters, and in cartoons. Its application to mental and/or

behavioral health services was initially embraced due to non-physical care dimensions. At

the same time, however, psychological and human factors have propelled, transformed,

and currently shape healthcare delivery via technology while the narratives of how and

why people use technology inform and may direct our future work.

According to Susanto, H., & Chen, C. K. (2017). Information and communication

emerging technology: making sense of healthcare innovation. Internet of things and big

data technologies for next generation healthcare. One part of e-Health is electronic

medical record that contains patients information and accessible by healthcare staff.

Clinical decision support system is a system that helps to make a decision regarding their

patients matter. Management and maintenance of server should also be watch after as it

affects many things in the information technology. Administrative staff also record their

patients clinical record and organizing their financial management by using IT. Even

robots have replaced some of the position such as doing surgery in health organizations.

This study is an attempt to provide a picture of preferences over the information and

communication emerging technology to enabling healthcare innovation through big data

perspective. The results are interesting. Healthcare innovation through ICT and big data

are indispensable elements of a multifaceted approach to forestall medication errors and

enhance the patient safety.

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Controllable robots

The application of robotic assistance at home became one of the most common

things that people used to do in order to make the house chores easiest and efficient. The

used of robot into different activities allow individuals to have the freedom of focusing

on a more important things and to lessen the burden of household jobs, due to their

capability of doing complicated tasks without minding its complexity and ensuring its

accuracy. Hence, home robots transform the lives of people in a more revolutionize way

of living and can help to adapt environmental- friendly interactions between the human

and technology especially in the application of intelligence and creativeness (Into

Robotics,2024). Moreover, the shift of modern lives into a more robotic ways is an

integral way of effective management of doing any household activities through support

of the innovative ideas. O

Human and technology interaction and relationship

According to Beer et al. (2023), artificial intelligence advancements have led to

the creation of objects that have human-like behavior, speech, and appearance. As a

result, human-technology connections have changed, growing more intricate and

intimate. Because of how humans interact with AI, certain AI can be damaging to

humans. We look at anything from chatbots to artificial intelligence romantic partners.

While people need to better safeguard their emotional well-being, tech businesses also

need to provide design solutions and be open about their business practices in order to

address the growing list of negative effects. Our suggested remedies involve adhering to

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AI principles that enhance welfare, forestall exploitation, and recognize the significance

of interpersonal connections.

Roles of assistive technology at home

According to Shi & Banozic (2022), many significant equalizing opportunities in

participating in society have been presented by AT, otherwise known as Assistive

Technologies and enchancing it’s impact in enabling participation requires individualised

and hollistic understanding of its value and meaning for an individual. Children with

disabilities make up a sizeable population at the SEA or Southeast Asia, an area in which

has one of the highest prevalence of moderate and severe disability in the world.

Assistive Technology can play a significant part in achieving the Sustainable

Development Goals (SDGs) and allowing all children with disabilities to lead dignified,

healthy, productive, and independent lives. In this article, the researchers, Shi, Ke, and

Banozic (2022) go over case studies of how AT can help achieve the SDGs in the SEA,

focusing on its role in providing quality education (SDG4), improving health and

wellbeing (SDG3), and lessening inequalities (SDG10) for children with disabilities in

the Southeast Asia. The researchers also investigate how access to AT can be improved in

the SEA countries by examining the shortcomings of different government initiatives.

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