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CSE-2207 (Networks)
Course Teacher : Arshad Wasif
Slide 3: OSI Model
1. Network Models:
For data communication to take place and two or more users can
transmit data from one to other, a systematic approach is required.
It’s implemented using Models in computer networks and are known as
Computer Network Models.
This approach enables users to communicate and transmit data through
efficient and ordered path.
Network Model is like a blueprint for how devices communicate with
each other over a network. It defines the rules and structure of how data
is sent, received and processed.
There’s a systematic approach which are responsible for establishing a
connection among the sender and receiver & transmitting the data in a
smooth manner respectively, those are Computer Network Models.
A network is a combination of hardware and software that sends data
from one location to another.
2. OSI Model
The OSI model is a layered framework for the design of network systems that
allows communication between all types of computer systems.
OSI stands for Open System Interconnection.
Organization is ISO: International Organization for Standardization
It’s not a protocol, it’s a model.
Open System is a set of protocols that allows any two different systems to
communicate regardless of their underlying architecture.
OSI model is Open Source, because it fits anywhere.
Any connection can be established using the OSI Model unless and until any
protocols are not used, as OSI Model does not support protocol establishment.
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3. OSI MODEL:
There’re 7 layers.
The
functionalities
are different
for each layer
& thus when
combined
together forms the OSI Model.
Visualization of OSI layers
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6. Layers in OSI Model
Physical Layer
o Associated with electrical, mechanical and functional aspects of the
transmission media for sending and receiving info over internet.
Data Link Layer
o It ensures the data framing.
o Error detection and control are enabled in this layer.
Network Layer
o Responsible for establishing data communication channel between
multiple networks or devices or hosts or nodes.
o Responsible for end-to-end delivery.
o It controls the operation of the subnet and routing packet from source to
destination.
Transport Layer
o Responsible for reliable process-to-process delivery.
o It acts as Network Independent Layer.
Session Layer
o It provides appropriate sessions between users and entities.
o Can be skipped, if not required.
Presentation Layer
o It provides appropriate representation of data through various data
presentation techniques.
Application Layer
o Top most layer of the OSI Model.
o Responsible for providing interface between various user and application.
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7. Data exchange in OSI Model:
8. Difference between OSI & TCP Model:
Model OSI TCP/IP
Open Systems Transmission Control
Data in different
Interconnection Protocol / Internet Prot.
Layer
Layer 7 Layers 4 Layers
Application
Presentation Application Data
Session
Transport Transport Segment
Network Internet Packet
Data Link Frame
Link
Physical Bit
Combines some
Each layer has a distinct function and
functions into fewer
responsibility
layers
ISO: International
US Department of
Developed Organization for
Defense
Standardization
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9. Advantages of OSI Model:
Most widely used.
Each layer has its definite structure and functionality, which makes OSI model
simple and easy to use.
It’s a general-purpose reference model that can be used for data
communication.
Connection oriented and connection-less services are supported.
Connection between any type of devise or host or hardware or software is
possible.
10. Disadvantages of OSI Model:
For its inability to fit protocols, it was replaced by TCP/IP Model.
Session and presentation layers don’t provide high end functionalities & are
not of much use as compared to other layers.
Connection oriented
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Addresses in TCP/IP
Physical Address
IP Address Port Address
