FA

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Ashley
FIL
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Freya M.
Grade IV
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 O

Dr. Arturo P. Alcaraz was considered as the

Philippines' Father of Geothermal Energy Development,
due to his contributions to studies about Philippine
volcanology and the energy derived from volcanic
sources. His chief contribution was the study and
establishment of geothermal power plants in the country,
particularly in the regions of Tiwi, Albay, Mt. Makiling and
Mt. Banahaw (Mac-Ban), and Leyte. In the 1980s, the
Philippines even attained the second highest geothermal
generating capacity in the world, besting mentor countries
Italy and New Zealand. The Philippine government, the
scientific community and his alma mater have all
recognized Alcaraz’s contribution over the years. In 1962
Mapua Institute of Technology gave him its award as
Outstanding Alumnus in the Field of Science and
Technology in Government Service; in 1968 he received
the Presidential Award of Merit for his work in volcanology
and his initial work in geothermy; and in 1971 he was
given an Award for Science from the Philippine Association
for the Advancement of Science (PHILAAS). Awards of
Appreciation were presented him in 1974, 1977, 1981 and
1982 by the organizations and colleagues with whom he
worked, and in 1980 he was the recipient of both the
Gregorio Y. Zara Memorial Award in Basic Science from
PHILAAS and the Geologist of the Year Award from the
Professional Regulatory Commission. He was also the
Ramon Magsaysay Awardee for Government Service for
1982.
 Fe Villanueva del Mundo was a Filipino pediatrician.
She founded the first pediatric hospital in the Philippines
and is known for shaping the modern child healthcare
system in the Philippines.[2][3] Her pioneering work in
pediatrics in the Philippines while in active medical
practice spanned eight decades.[4][5] She gained
international recognition, including the Ramon Magsaysay
Award for Public Service in 1977. In 1980, she was
conferred the rank and title of National Scientist of the
Philippines, and in 2010, she was conferred the Order of
Lakandula. She was the first female president of the
Philippine Pediatric Society and the first woman to be
named National Scientist of the Philippines in 1980. She
was also the founder and the first president of the
Philippine Pediatric Society, the first Asian to be elected
president of the Philippine Medical Association in its 65-
years existence, and the first Asian to be voted president
of the Medical Woman's International Association. Del
Mundo was noted for her pioneering work on infectious
diseases in Philippine communities. Undeterred by the
lack of well-equipped laboratories in post-war Philippines,
she unhesitatingly sent specimens or blood samples for
analysis abroad.[13] In the 1950s, she pursued studies
on dengue fever, a common malady in the Philippines, of
which little was known at the time. [13] Her clinical
observations on dengue, and the findings of research she
later undertook on the disease are said to "have led to a
fuller understanding of dengue fever as it afflicts the
young".
Conrado Dayrit (May 31, 1919 – October 5, 2007) was a
Filipino medical doctor and scientist known for his
advocacy of coconut oil for which he was dubbed "Dr.
Coconut" and "Father of VCO" (Virgin Coconut Oil). He was
one of the six co-founders and a president of the
Philippine Heart Association, a president of the Federation
of Asian Scientific Academies and Societies, a president of
the Philippine National Academy of Science and
Technology, and an emeritus professor of pharmacology at
the University of the Philippines College of Medicine. He
performed pioneering tests on the efficacy of coconut oil
on HIV and wrote about coconut oil's health benefits.
Anacleto del Rosario y Sales (July 13, 1860, Santa Cruz,
Manila – May 2, 1895) was a leading chemist in the
Philippines during the Spanish era in Philippine history.
Regarded as the "Father of Philippine Science and
Laboratory", del Rosario invented the formula for
producing a pure kind of alcohol from tuba in a nipa palm.
This formula won for del Rosario the first prize during the
World Fair in Paris, France in 1889. Del Rosario extracted
castor oil from the palma christi, literally the "palm of
Christ" (castor bean), a native plant in the Philippines.[1]
Anacleto del Rosario was born in Santa Cruz, Manila. Born
to a native Filipino family, he gained high honors in Ateneo
de Manila University and University of Santo Tomas, from
Ateneo de Manila University he met Dr. José Rizal. He was
known to be the first homegrown scientist of the
Philippines by becoming the first Director of the Manila
City laboratory. His position lead him to establish the
beginnings of Science and technology in the Philippines by
increasing the standards for quality control on essential
items and investigation of natural resources. He married
once and had three children.[2]
Gregorio Ynciong Zara (8 March 1902 – 15 October
1978)[1] was a Filipino engineer, physicist, a National
Scientist, and inventor. He was known as the father of
videoconferencing[2] for having invented the first two-way
videophone.[2][3][1] He was also one of the country's pioneer
aeronautical engineer having invented an airplane engine
that ran on plain alcohol as fuel. [1] Among his other
notable inventions include a solar-powered water heater, [1]
[4]
, the discovery of the physical law of electrical kinetic
resistance called the Zara effect,[4][2], and a propeller-
cutting machine,[4] among others.
A native of Lipa, Batangas, Zara finished primary
schooling at Lipa Elementary School, where he graduated
as valedictorian in 1918. In 1922, he again graduated
valedictorian in Batangas High School, an accolade which
warranted him a grant to study abroad. With full support
from his parents he then enrolled at the University of the
Philippines in Manila.[when?][citation needed]
Zara then enrolled at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT) in the United States,[1][4] and graduated
with a degree of BS in Mechanical Engineering in 1926. [4][5]
[6]
After that he obtained a Master of Science in
Engineering (Aeronautical Engineering) at the University
of Michigan in 1927,[5][4][6] where he graduated as summa
cum laude.[5] In 1930,
Galileo (born February 15, 1564, Pisa [Italy]—died
January 8, 1642, Arcetri, near Florence) was an
Italian natural philosopher, astronomer, and
mathematician who made fundamental
contributions to the sciences of motion, astronomy,
and strength of materials and to the development
of the scientific method. His formulation of
(circular) inertia, the law of falling bodies, and
parabolic trajectories marked the beginning of a
fundamental change in the study of motion. His
insistence that the book of nature was written in
the language of mathematics changed natural
philosophy from a verbal, qualitative account to a
mathematical one in which experimentation
became a recognized method for discovering the
facts of nature. Finally, his discoveries with the
telescope revolutionized astronomy and paved the
way for the acceptance of the Copernican
heliocentric system, but his advocacy of that
system eventually resulted in an Inquisition process
against him.
Sir Alexander Fleming FRS FRSE FRCS[2] (6 August
1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish physician and
microbiologist, best known for discovering the
world's first broadly effective antibiotic substance,
which he named penicillin. His discovery in 1928 of
what was later named benzylpenicillin (or penicillin
G) from the mould Penicillium rubens has been
described as the "single greatest victory ever
achieved over disease".[3][4] For this discovery, he
shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in
1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.[5]
[6][7]
He also discovered the enzyme lysozyme from his
nasal discharge in 1922, and along with it a
bacterium he named Micrococcus lysodeikticus,
later renamed Micrococcus luteus.
Fleming was knighted for his scientific
achievements in 1944.[8] In 1999, he was named in
Time magazine's list of the 100 Most Important
People of the 20th century. In 2002, he was chosen
in the BBC's television poll for determining the 100
Greatest Britons, and in 2009, he was also voted
third "greatest Scot" in an opinion poll conducted
by STV, behind only Robert Burns and William
Maria Salomea Skłodowska-Curie (Polish: [ˈmarja salɔˈmɛa skwɔ
ˈdɔfska kʲiˈri] ⓘ; née Skłodowska; 7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934),
known simply as Marie Curie (/ˈkjʊəri/ KURE-ee,
[1]
French: [maʁi kyʁi]), was a Polish and naturalised-
French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research
on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the
first person to win a Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win a
Nobel Prize in two scientific fields. Her husband, Pierre Curie, was a
co-winner of her first Nobel Prize, making them the first married
couple to win the Nobel Prize and launching the Curie family
legacy of five Nobel Prizes. She was, in 1906, the first woman to
become a professor at the University of Paris.[2]
She was born in Warsaw, in what was then the Kingdom of Poland,
part of the Russian Empire. She studied at Warsaw's
clandestine Flying University and began her practical scientific
training in Warsaw. In 1891, aged 24, she followed her elder
sister Bronisława to study in Paris, where she earned her higher
degrees and conducted her subsequent scientific work. In 1895, she
married the French physicist Pierre Curie, and she shared the
1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with him and with the physicist Henri
Becquerel for their pioneering work developing the theory of
"radioactivity"—a term she coined. [3][4] In 1906, Pierre Curie died in a
Paris street accident. Marie won the 1911 Nobel Prize in
Chemistry for her discovery of the elements polonium and radium,
using techniques she invented for isolating radioactive isotopes.
Under her direction, the world's first studies were conducted into the
treatment of neoplasms by the use of radioactive isotopes. She
founded the Curie Institute in Paris in 1920, and the Curie Institute
in Warsaw in 1932; both remain major medical research centres.
During World War I, she developed mobile radiography units to
provide X-ray services to field hospitals.
While a French citizen, Marie Skłodowska Curie, who used both
surnames,[5][6] never lost her sense of Polish identity. She taught her
daughters the Polish language and took them on visits to Poland.
[7]
She named the first chemical element she discovered polonium,
after her native country.[b] Marie Curie died in 1934, aged 66, at
the Sancellemoz sanatorium in Passy (Haute-Savoie), France,
of aplastic anemia likely from exposure to radiation in the course of
her scientific research and in the course of her radiological work at
field hospitals during World War I.[9] In addition to her Nobel Prizes,
she received numerous other honours and tributes; in 1995 she
became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the
Paris Panthéon,[10] and Poland declared 2011 the Year of Marie Curie
during the International Year of Chemistry. She is the subject of
numerous biographical works.
Louis Pasteur (born December 27, 1822, Dole,
France—died September 28, 1895, Saint-Cloud) was
a French chemist and microbiologist who was one
of the most important founders of
medical microbiology. Pasteur’s contributions
to science, technology, and medicine are nearly
without precedent. He pioneered the study of
molecular asymmetry; discovered that
microorganisms cause fermentation and disease;
originated the process of pasteurization; saved
the beer, wine, and silk industries in France; and
developed vaccines against anthrax and rabies.
Pasteur’s academic positions were numerous, and
his scientific accomplishments earned him France’s
highest decoration, the Legion of Honour, as well as
election to the Académie des Sciences and many
other distinctions. Today there are some 30
institutes and an impressive number of hospitals,
schools, buildings, and streets that bear his name—
a set of honours bestowed on few scientists.
Alexander Graham Bell is most well known for inventing the
telephone. He came to the U.S as a teacher of the deaf, and
conceived the idea of "electronic speech" while visiting his hearing-
impaired mother in Canada. This led him to invent the microphone
and later the "electrical speech machine" -- his name for the first
telephone.
Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on March 3, 1847. He enrolled
in the University of London to study anatomy and physiology, but his
college time was cut short when his family moved to Canada in
1870. His parents had lost two children to tuberculosis, and they
insisted that the best way to save their last child was to leave
England.
When he was eleven, Bell invented a machine that could clean
wheat. He later said that if he had understood electricity at all, he
would have been too discouraged to invent the telephone. Everyone
else "knew" it was impossible to send voice signals over a wire.
While trying to perfect a method for carrying multiple messages on a
single wire, he heard the sound of a plucked spring along 60 feet of
wire in a Boston electrical shop. Thomas A. Watson, one of Bell's
assistants, was trying to reactivate a telegraph transmitter. Hearing
the sound, Bell believed that he could solve the problem of sending a
human voice over a wire. He figured out how to transmit a simple
current first, and received a patent for that invention on March 7,
1876. Five days later, he transmitted actual speech. Sitting in one
room, he spoke into the phone to his assistant in another room,
saying the now famous words: "Mr. Watson, come here. I need you."
The telephone patent is one of the most valuable patents ever
issued.
Bell had other inventions as well -- his own home had a precursor to
modern day air conditioning, he contributed to aviation technology,
and his last patent, at the age of 75, was for the fastest hydrofoil yet
invented.
Bell was committed to the advancement of science and technology.
As such he took over the presidency of a small, almost unheard-of,
scientific society in 1898: the National Geographic Society. Bell and
his son-in-law, Gilbert Grosvenor, took the society's dry journal and
added beautiful photographs and interesting writing --