Macquarie CDMO
Macquarie CDMO
18 February 2025
Healthcare
sector, valued at over US$50bn in 2023, is projected to deliver an ~11% Syngene SYNG IN 701 280 OP 835 19%
CAGR until 2028, according to a report by market research firm Frost Blue Jet Healthcare BLUEJET IN 754 134 OP 1,000 33%
and Sullivan. India CDMOs are emerging as leaders in small molecule Source: Bloomberg, Macquarie Research, February 2025
development, offering cost-competitive solutions and strong regulatory *Closing price as of 17 Feb 2025
compliance, with significant growth in request for proposals (RFPs). South
Korea, led by Samsung Biologics, dominates the large molecule CDMO Figure 2 - Indian CDMOs to gain
market share
market, particularly in monoclonal antibodies, with plans to expand its
bioreactor capacity significantly by 2032. Chinese CDMOs, once preferred Indian CDMO market share 5%
for their speed and track record, face challenges due to the US Biosecure
Act, leading to a shift of projects to alternative suppliers, slowing their 4%
growth. 3%
past two years, which has compressed profitability and return ratios. CDMOs Peers Peers CDMOs Peers Peers
Valuations optically high, fundamentally low: India CDMO companies Source: Bloomberg, Macquarie Research, February 2025
trade at an average 2-year forward EV/EBITDA of 20x, compared to 16x
for regional and 15x for global peers. We believe India CDMOs' premium
valuation is justified due as they offer a ~2x EBITDA growth CAGR (next
three years) and ~2x ROIC as compared to global and regional peers. Our
relative preference is Divi's Labs > Suven Pharma > Blue Jet Healthcare >
Syngene.
Executive summary
The Asia-Pacific pharmaceutical CDMO sector is expanding rapidly, with a market size of US$50+bn in 2023 per Frost and
Sullivan, and set to deliver an ~11% CAGR until 2028. This growth is fuelled by cost-effective manufacturing, rising outsourcing
trends, and the increasing shift away from China due to geopolitical risks. China remains the largest player, but India and
South Korea are emerging as dominant forces in small molecules and biologics, respectively. Samsung Biologics leads in large
molecule CDMO services, while India companies are the preferred choice for small molecule APIs and intermediates.
Recent US regulatory shifts such as the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and the Biosecure Act are accelerating outsourcing
diversification. Drug-pricing reforms in the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) are increasing cost pressures on US pharma
companies, leading to higher demand for CDMO services. Meanwhile, the US Biosecure Act (stalled for now but its impact
is visible) is pushing US firms away from Chinese suppliers due to national security concerns, benefiting Indian and Korean
CDMOs as alternative supply-chain partners. This shift aligns with the broader "China+1" strategy, which is driving pharma
companies to establish a more diversified and resilient global supply network.
India CDMOs are becoming the preferred choice for small molecule development, driven by cost competitiveness (~30-40%
lower than Western CDMOs), strong regulatory compliance (FDA, EMA approvals), and expertise in active pharmaceutical
ingredients (APIs), Highly potent active pharmaceutical ingredients (HPAPIs), and specialty chemicals. Additionally, India’s
strong track record in generic drugs and API supply positions it as a natural alternative to China, particularly in light of supply-
chain diversification efforts by global pharma firms. India CDMO companies have witnessed strong RFP growth of 100%+ in
the past year owing to pending regulatory changes and geopolitical uncertainty. Hence, we initiate with Outperform ratings on
Indian CDMOs, with our pecking order being Divi's Labs > Suven Pharma > Blue Jet Healthcare > Syngene.
On the large molecule CDMO front, South Korea dominates, with Samsung Biologics leading the global biologics market. The
company boasts a bioreactor capacity exceeding 600 kL and has plans to more than double this capacity to ~1.3 million litres
by 2032. The company has been a primary beneficiary of mix shift away from China in large molecule CDMO segment owing
to its established track record and technological leadership, particularly in the monoclonal antibody (mAB) segment. This
is evident from quick ramp up of its largest plant yet, Plant 4, with a reactor capacity of 240kL. Reflecting growing demand
during the Plant 4 ramp-up, the company has accelerated the timeline for Plant 5, originally scheduled for September 2025,
now targeting operations in April 2025. At this pace, the initiation of Plant 6 construction is also expected within FY25.
Leveraging its expertise in mAB, Samsung Biologics is set to launch its Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) CDMO services in
February 2025, beginning with fill-finish services. This initiative is anticipated to pave the way for new growth opportunities.
Once the preferred CDMO suppliers due to their speed and track record, the Chinese CDMOs are finding it increasingly
challenging to obtain new orders after the introduction of the US Biosecure legislation in Dec 2023/Jan 2024, especially for
products close to or at the commercial stages. WuXi AppTec and WuXi Bio have acknowledged the headwind and sold their
cell & gene therapy and vaccine production facilities in the US and Europe to private equity firms and clients as a result. As it
takes 2-3 years to transfer existing manufacturing processes to new suppliers, we expect projects for drugs losing exclusivity
prior to 2032 to stay put. However, one should start to see projects whose loss of exclusivities (LOE) go beyond 2032 being
transferred out to alternative suppliers outside of China in 2026-28. The Chinese CDMOs will not vanish, but they are no
longer the first choice of their clients, and their growth rates will slow, if not go into reverse.
Figure 4 - S.Bio's order momentum and smooth Figure 5 - RFPs have grown multi-fold according to
capacity ramp-up confirms its position as a top Suven Pharma
Biologics CDMO
RFP growth
(US$ bn) (kL) 2.3x
2.2x
18 Total contract value (cumulative) 700
2.0x
16 Capacity 600
14
500
12
10 400
1.0x 1.0x 1.0x
8 300
6
200
4
100
2
0 0
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 FY23 FY24 Q1FY24 Q1FY25 H1FY24 H1FY25
Source: Company data, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 2
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Indian CRDMO industry is Indian CRDMO: The fastest-growing CRDMO sector globally
the fastest-growing CRDMO
industry globally.
Indian pharma contract research, development, and manufacturing organisation (CRDMO)
companies are at an inflection point due to the secular growth tailwind of increasing
outsourcing by innovator pharma companies, and the increasing trend of supply chain de-
risking in view of regulatory changes such as the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and the US
Biosecure Act. Market research firm Frost & Sullivan projects the Indian CRDMO industry
to reach US$14bn+ by 2028, representing ~14% CAGR. Commercial manufacturing is the
biggest segment within CRDMO, accounting for 55%+ of the sector and the consultancy
expects it to grow at a 14% CAGR through 2028E. The consultancy expects smaller
segments of the industry to grow the fastest, with pre-clinical development at a CAGR of
~16% in the period, followed by Clinical, Development, and Supplies at ~15%, and Discovery
Services at ~12%.
Frost & Sullivan attribute recent growth to increased collaborations and partnerships. Indian
CRDMO companies handled large volume contracts from innovator pharma companies
during the Covid-19 pandemic, establishing themselves as reliable supply partners at lower
costs. Most Indian CRDMO companies currently work with at least 10 large-cap innovator
pharma companies on clinical or commercial projects. (Link to F&S report.)
Figure 6 - F&S forecasts the India CRDMO Industry to have a 14% CAGR,
2023-2028F (in US$bn)
16
14
14
12
13
10 11
8 9
8
6 7
6
4 6
5
4 4
2
0
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024F 2025F 2026F 2027F 2028F
Total
Figure 7 - Global CRDMO industry in 2023 Figure 8 - Growth rate of global CRDMO industry
by region, 2018-2028F
India, 3% 14%
North 13%
11% 11% 11%
America, 42% 10%
9%
7%
China, 13% 5%
Europe, 25%
Source: Frost & Sullivan, February 2025
Source: Frost & Sullivan, February 2025
18 February 2025 3
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 9 - India CRDMO industry by function, Figure 10 - Growth rate of India CRDMO by
2018-2028F (in USD bn) function, 2023-2028F
16
14 0.8 16%
15%
0.6 14% 14% 14%
12 13% 12% 13%
12%
10%
10 5.0
8
0.5
0.3
6
0.3 2.5
4 0.2 7.7
1.3
2 4.0 Discovery Preclinical Clinical Commercial Overall
2.3
Development Devlopment Manufacturing CRDMO
0 and Supplies
2018 2023 2028F
Commercial Manufacturing Clinical Development CAGR (2018-2023) CAGR (2023-2028F)
Preclinical Development Discovery
Source: Frost & Sullivan, February 2025 Source: Frost & Sullivan, February 2025
We expect India's share of CDMO driven export growth to increase India's share in global pharma trade
trade in pharma exports to
expand with strong growth
India's pharmaceutical exports have experienced a compound annual growth rate (CAGR)
from the CDMO sector.
of 9% over the past decade (2011-2022). Despite this growth, the country's share of the
global pharmaceutical trade has only modestly increased by ~50bps, reaching 2.3% in 2022
compared to 1.8% in 2011. This limited increase is primarily due to India's export reliance
on low-value generics. Consequently, while drugs manufactured in India constitute ~20% of
global volumes, they account for only 2.3% of the global pharmaceutical trade. However, we
anticipate that robust growth in the CDMO sector will significantly enhance India's share of
pharmaceutical exports through increased value accretion.
Figure 11 - India's pharmaceutical exports and its share in global pharma trade
25 3.0%
2.5%
20
2.0%
15
1.5%
10
1.0%
5
0.5%
0 0.0%
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
18 February 2025 4
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 12 - Indian CRDMO market could grow to Figure 13 - Consensus has revised down key listed
~US$22bn by FY30e in bull case scenario China CDMO companies' revenue by ~US$13bn
India CRDMO market 2023 (US$bn) 7
Consensus revenue est. revisions (2025e-27e
Indian CRDMO - Normalized growth run rate through 2030e 14% cumulative, US$bn)
Indian CRDMO est market size 2030e (US$bn) - Base case 18
-
China CRDMO market 2023 (US$bn) 25 (1)
China - Normalised growth run rate through 2030e 11% (2)
China CRDMO est market size 2030e (US$bn) 52 (3)
China - estimated growth run rate through 2030e due to Biosecure impact 4-6% (4)
China CRDMO est market size 2030e (US$bn) post Biosecure impact 35 (5)
Source: Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Bloomberg, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 5
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
The US Biosecure act US Biosecure Bill stalls for now, but impact still shapes outsourcing strategy
prevents government funded
pharma companies from
Although the US Biosecure Act did not pass in the last administration, its influence on
contracting with certain
the industry is significant. The Act, in its current form, restricts government agencies and
Chinese CDMO companies.
federally funded companies from contracting with certain biotech/CDMO firms. This initially
suggested a limited impact, affecting only federally funded entities. However, the actual
effect is broader due to the extensive funding from agencies like the National Institutes
of Health (NIH) and the Department of Defence, to university researchers and small
biotech companies. These entities develop new molecules and therapies that are often
commercialised by medium-to-large pharmaceutical companies.
Despite the lack of clear guidance from the Biosecure Act on such inventions, medium-to-
large pharmaceutical companies are set to minimise regulatory risks in their supply chains.
Consequently, they are reducing reliance on Chinese CDMO suppliers. A recent Wall Street
Journal article suggests both companies and venture capital funds are actively working to
de-risk supply chains away from Chinese players.
Additionally, US biotech companies are likely to be very cautious about contracting with
other Chinese CDMO firms because the Biosecure Act mandated timely updates to the list
of companies of concern.
Figure 14 - US-based companies account for most Figure 15 - US NIH annual grants from FY2015 to
of the R&D pipeline FY2023
40 70,000
C and S America/ Africa, 1%
Canada, 4% 35
China, 13% 60,000
30
50,000
25
France, 3% 40,000
Germany, 2% USA, 43% 20
30,000
Japan, 3% 15
20,000
10
Rest of Asia- 10,000
5
Pacific, 11%
0 0
FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 FY22 FY23
Rest of UK, 5% NIH research funds Number of research
Europe, 15% awarded (in USD bn) grants awarded (RHS)
Source: Citeline, February 2025 Source: United For Medical Research, February 2025
Small and biotech companies Small and biotech firms account for large share of NCE approvals by US FDA
account for ~50% of New
drug approval from the US
In 2023, biotech and small pharmaceutical companies were responsible for about 22% of
FDA
global research and development (R&D) expenditure. Despite this relatively modest share of
R&D spending, these companies achieved a significant impact by securing 50% of the new
chemical entity (NCE) approvals granted by the United States Food and Drug Administration
(US FDA). This trend is not a recent development; historical data dating back to 2018
consistently shows a similar pattern, indicating the high efficiency and innovation capacity of
biotech and small pharma firms.
A crucial factor contributing to the success of these companies is the financial support they
receive from federal grants and loans provided by agencies such as the National Institutes
of Health (NIH). These funds are instrumental in advancing their R&D efforts and bringing
new therapies and drugs to market. However, given the geopolitical climate and increasing
scrutiny on supply chain dependencies, we anticipate many of these biotech and small
pharma companies will need to reduce their reliance on Chinese CDMOs. We think this shift
is likely driven by the need to diversify supply chains and mitigate risks associated with
geopolitical tensions and regulatory pressures. By moving away from Chinese CDMOs, these
companies can ensure greater security and stability in their production processes, aligning
with broader strategic objectives and compliance requirements.
18 February 2025 6
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 16 - Small and biotech companies R&D Figure 17 - FDA Approved NCE by Originator from
spend vs large pharma R&D spend 2018-2028F
350 70
300 69 60
63
58
50 53 14
250 48 10 13 15 50
10 10 11
49 49 12 9
49 46 46 47
200 43 10 12 11 42 44 40 9
38 40 15
9 9 11 8 12 14
34 38 188 191 193 195 8 9 15
150 35 177 184 30 11 13
30 31
151 156 159 10 8 8
14 10 10 9
137 140 4 7
100 20 5 5 6
7 8
2 9 5
5
50 10 5 19 20 22
15 15 17 18
11 13 14
7
0 0
2018 2020 2022 2024F 2026F 2028F 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024F2025F2026F2027F2028F
Large Mid-Size Small Biotech Large Mid-Size Small Biotech
Source: Frost & Sullivan, February 2025 Source: Frost & Sullivan, February 2025
We forecast India CDMOs' market share in the global CDMO industry to increase to ~5%
by 2028e from current ~3.7% in 2023. Market share gain will be driven by significant cost
advantages due to lower wage costs, robust infrastructure, and strong talent pool. India
supplies ~47% of the US generic drug demand and ~25% of all UK medicines, supported by
extensive regulatory experience and the highest number of US-FDA-approved plants outside
the US. We believe favourable geopolitical dynamics, ease of doing business, and strong IP
protection laws further enhance India's position as a preferred partner for pharmaceutical
R&D and manufacturing. Hence, we expect Indian CDMOs to gain market share in the global
CRDMO industry.
Figure 18 - Indian CDMOs offer meaningful cost Figure 19 - Indian CDMOs are expected to gain
advantage market share
100%
Proportion of Costs, % Indian CDMO market share 5%
4%
70%
3%
60%
50%
40%
Source: Frost & Sullivan, February 2025 Source: Frost & Sullivan, February 2025
18 February 2025 7
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 20 - Number of clients of top 20 global Figure 21 - RFPs have grown multifold according to
pharma companies Suven pharma
RFP growth
16 2.3x
2.2x
14 2.0x
12
10
8
1.0x 1.0x 1.0x
6
0
Divi's Lab Suven Pharma Syngene Blue Jet
Healthcare FY23 FY24 Q1FY24 Q1FY25 H1FY24 H1FY25
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 8
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Suven and Divi's Labs are Figure 22 - Segmentation of listed CDMO players
product focused high-tech
CDMOs within our coverage.
18 February 2025 9
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Blue Jet Suven Pharma Divi's Lab Syngene
Healthcare
Source: Company data, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 10
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
80% 50%
70% 45%
40%
60%
35%
50% 30%
40% 25%
30% 20%
15%
20%
10%
10% 5%
0% 0%
Divi's Suven Blue Jet Syngene Divi's Suven Blue Jet Syngene
Source: Company data, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company data, Macquarie Research, February 2025
100%
90%
80%
58% 57%
67% 70% 70%
60%
50%
40%
42% 43% 30%
33% 30%
20%
10%
FY24 9MFY25 FY24 9MFY25
0%
Revenue contribution Gross profit contribution FY24 9MFY25
CDMO (Pharma + Spec chem) API+ CDMO (Pharma + Spec chem) API+
Source: Company data, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company data, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 11
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
We expect our coverage Figure 28 - We expect meaningful improvement in ROIC for our coverage
companies' ROIC to improve companies
by 1.5-2.0x by FY30E.
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Divi's Suven Blue Jet Syngene
FY24 FY30E
Figure 29 - Our coverage companies current ROIC Figure 30 - …due to meaningful investments in last
remain compressed... couple of years
70% 180%
160%
60%
140%
50%
120%
40%
100%
30%
80%
20% 60%
10% 40%
0% 20%
Divi's Suven Blue Jet Syngene 0%
FY24 5 yr average
Divi's labs Syngene Suven pharma Bluejet
healthcare
Source: Company data, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company data, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 12
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Indian CDMOs offer 2x Faster growth and higher return ratios justifies valuation premium
EBITDA growth and ROICs
Indian CDMOs are trading at 2-year forward PER of 33x on average vs regional peer average
of 26x and global peer average (ex-region) at 31x. Similarly, Indian CDMOs are trading at an
2-year forward EV/EBITDA of 20x vs. regional peer average of 16x and global peer average
of 15x. We believe the valuation premium to peers is justified given strong top-line and
bottom-line growth prospects of Indian CDMOs with median EPS CAGR (next three years)
at 30% vs. regional peers at 14% (median) and global peers at 7%. Moreover, Indian CDMO
companies have meaningfully higher ROIC at a median of 20% vs. regional peer at 11% and
global peer at 8%.
Please note that Indian companies follow fiscal year starting from April through March,
while Regional and Global peers follow calendar years. Hence, we compare FY27E (year-end
Mar'27) valuations for Indian companies to CY26E (year-end Dec'26) valuations for global
and regional peers.
Overall Average 41 35 25 26 19 16
Priced as at close 17 February 2025. We use our own estimates for Indian CDMOs and Samsung Bio. We use median for EBITDA CAGR, EPS CAGR and ROIC.
Figure 32 - Indian CDMOs are growing at much faster pace and offer higher returns
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Indian Regional Global Indian Regional Global Indian Regional Global Indian Regional Global
CDMOs Peers Peers CDMOs Peers Peers CDMOs Peers Peers CDMOs Peers Peers
18 February 2025 13
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 33 - Indian CDMOs offer higher growth and higher ROIC at reasonable valuations
30
Divis
25 Wuxi Bio
Neuland
20 Syngene
Wuxi Apptec Blue Jet
Charles River Laurus
15 Suven
ICON Plc Bachem Lonza
Samsung Bio
10 Piramal Wuxi XDC
Pharmaron Beijing
5 Siegfried
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
We use our own forecast for Indian CDMO coverage and Samsung Bio.
18 February 2025 14
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Appendix
The CRDMO industry includes three key players: CRDMOs, CROs, and CDMOs.
• CRDMOs offer integrated, end-to-end services across the entire drug discovery,
development, and manufacturing lifecycle. They provide cost-effective, customised
solutions, helping pharmaceutical innovators accelerate drug development, reduce costs,
and access specialised capabilities not available in-house.
• CROs specialise in scientific functions for discovery, preclinical, and clinical stages of
pharmaceutical R&D. CDMOs provide commercialization manufacturing and process/
formulation development (CMC services) for preclinical and clinical stages.
• CDMOs provide drug development and commercial manufacturing services to its
customers. Historically, pharma has often concentrated on selling high-volume products
and used contracts with CDMOs to leverage increased manufacturing capacity.
While most companies try to position themselves as integrated CRDMO players, their
revenue is skewed towards one side of the spectrum either research or manufacturing.
Within Indian CRDMO companies, Syngene has the highest exposure to research services,
while Divi's Labs has the highest exposure to commercial manufacturing; Suven, Neuland,
and Piramal are in between.
According to Frost and Sullivan, the global pharma CRDMO industry was estimated to be
~US$197bn in 2023, recording a CAGR of ~9% since 2018. The industry will continue to grow
at similar pace in the medium-term to reach ~US$300bn by 2028 as per the research report.
Over the past two decades, outsourcing R&D and manufacturing has become a major
trend in the pharmaceutical industry. Companies have shifted from outsourcing non-core
functions like IT and HR to core functions such as R&D and manufacturing. Key drivers
include the following:
• Time-to-market: Outsourcing reduces development cycles and time-to-market, providing
cost savings and significant benefits. CRO/CDMO partners help eliminate bottlenecks and
offer access to advanced technologies.
• Cost advantage: Outsourcing to regions like India and China offers significant cost
benefits, avoiding substantial capital investments and reducing development costs.
18 February 2025 15
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2028F
Source: Frost & Sullivan, Macquarie Research, February 2025
Within the global CRDMO industry, Frost & Sullivan estimate that the drug discovery industry
stands at US$13bn in 2023, while the preclinical development industry was at US$10bn. In
line with the growth in the overall research and development (R&D) spending, the discovery
and preclinical services industry is projected to reach a cumulative value of US$37bn in 2028
and comprise 41% of total R&D spend in these areas.
Similarly, Fost & Sullivan expect clinical, development and supplies industry to grow the
US$144bn by 2028 from current levels of ~US$89bn in 2023, implying a 10% CAGR. The
commercial manufacturing segment of the global CDMO industry is expected to increase at
an ~8% CAGR from US$84bn in 2023 to ~US$120bn by 2028.
The growth in CDMO capacity continues to outpace capacity in customers' own facilities, as
large and small players increasingly rely on manufacturing partners to support, complement
and de-risk their journey to market. Large pharmaceutical organisations contribute the
majority share of CDMO revenues due to commercial manufacturing activity. Small biotech
businesses represent a higher proportion of the molecule pipeline, in which outsourcing is
built into business models to conserve capital resources.
18 February 2025 16
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 36 - Global CRDMO industry in 2023 Figure 37 - Growth rate of global CRDMO industry
by region, 2018-2028F
India, 3%
North 14%
America, 42% 13%
11% 11% 11%
10%
9%
China, 13%
7%
5%
Figure 38 - Global CRDMO industry by function, Figure 39 - Growth Rate of Global CRDMO Industry
2018-2028F (in USD bn) by Functions, 2018-2028F
350
9%
Discovery
300 20 8%
18
250 Preclinical 13%
Development 12%
200 13
144
10
150 Clinical Development 12%
9 89 and Supplies 10%
6
100
51
121 Commercial 7%
50 84
61 Manufacturing 8%
0
2018 2023 2028F 9%
Overall
Commercial Manufacturing Clinical Development 9%
and Supplies
Preclinical Development Discovery CAGR (2018-2023) CAGR (2023-2028F)
Source: Frost & Sullivan, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Frost & Sullivan, Macquarie Research, February 2025
Figure 40 - Global CRDMO industry by modality, Figure 41 - Growth rate of global CRDMO industry
2018-2028F (in USD bn) by modality, 2018-2028F
300 14%
11%
12%
250
143
10%
200
8% 7%
150 83 6%
6%
100
4%
41 159
50 113
2%
58
0 0%
2018 2023 2028F Small Molecule Biologics
Source: Frost & Sullivan, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Frost & Sullivan, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 17
Macquarie Equity Research
18 February 2025
Healthcare
• Divi's Labs is the largest CDMO firm in India and works with the
majority of top-20 global innovator-pharma companies on small- DIVI IN Outperform
molecule products. Price (at 18 Feb 2025) INR5,919
• The company's custom synthesis business is set for significant growth 12-month target
12-month TSR (%)
INR7,400
26.4
and poised to triple its top-line and quadruple bottom-line by FY30E. Volatility Index Medium
• We initiate coverage at Outperform with a target price of Rs7,400, Market Cap (Local) (m) 1,571,375
implying a 26% total shareholder return. Market Cap (USD) (m) 18,088
Free Float (%) 48
30-day avg turnover (USD) (m) 31.6
18 February 2025 18
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
• Failure to upscale key custom synthesis projects Divi’s, established in 1990, manufactures Active
• Continued price erosion in generic APIs Pharmaceutical Ingredients, supplying high-quality products
to over 95 countries. Custom synthesis for Big Pharma makes
• Compliance issues at manufacturing plants
up 50% of revenue, Generic APIs 40%, and Nutraceutical
• Failure to add/ ramp up Plant III Ingredients 10%. With advanced facilities and strong R&D,
Divi’s ensures cost-effective products.
250,000 80,000
70,000
200,000
60,000
50,000
150,000
40,000
100,000 30,000
20,000
50,000
10,000
0 0
FY24 FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E FY24 FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 19
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 4 - Divi's Revenue estimates Figure 5 - Divi's EBITDA and EBITDA margin
18 February 2025 20
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 6 - Divi's Custom Synthesis business Figure 7 - Custom Synthesis Business revenue
revenue estimates contribution to increase
% of Total Revenue
180,000 70%
160,000 60%
140,000
50%
120,000
100,000 40%
80,000
30%
60,000
20%
40,000
20,000 10%
0
0%
FY24A FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
FY24A FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
Figure 8 - We estimate Tirzepatide supplies could Figure 9 - Our Tirzepatide revenue estimates imply
generate US$500+mn revenue by FY30e capaciities of 40+kL by FY30e
600 50,000
45,000
500
40,000
400 35,000
30,000
300 25,000
20,000
200
15,000
100 10,000
5,000
0 0
FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 21
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024e 9MCY24
Figure 11 - WuXi TIDES - Peptide Synthesizer Figure 12 - WuXi TIDES - Peptide product produced
Capacity (in L) (in Kg)
45,000 40,000
40,000 35,000
35,000
30,000
30,000
25,000
25,000
20,000
20,000
15,000
15,000
10,000
10,000
5,000 5,000
0 0
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024e 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024e
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 22
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 13 - WuXi TIDES - Production per reactor Figure 14 - WuXi TIDES- Realisation per kg (US$/
volume (Kg /L) Kg)
90% 200,000
80% 180,000
70% 160,000
60% 140,000
50% 120,000
40% 100,000
30% 80,000
20% 60,000
10% 40,000
0% 20,000
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024e
0
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024e
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
18 February 2025 23
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Divi's has been supplying Supply to other GLP-1/GIP innovator: An additional upside to our estimates
raw materials, basic building
blocks and fragments to
Divi's Labs management during the recent earnings call suggested that the company is
other GLP-1 innovators as
also working with multiple GLP-1 innovator on their developmental GLP-1/GIP pipeline.
well
We believe successful outcome on any of these molecules could represent an additional
upside for the company. According to data from Fierce Biotech (link), there are 43 GLP/GIP
molecules in the pipeline. Apart from GLP-GIP receptor agonist there are multiple other
molecules in the pipeline targeting obesity indication.
20 45
18 40
16
35
14
30
12
25
10
20
8
6 15
4 10
2 5
0 0
Phase I Phase II Phase III Approved and Phase I Phase II Phase III Approved and
Marketed
Marketed
18 February 2025 24
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
The company ahs been Contrast media API supply: Another medium-term growth opportunity
working with multiple
innovator companies on
The company is currently supplying 3 iodine based contrast media APIs to Innovator
contrast media APIs
companies. The company is working on adding 3-4 more products in this segment. This will
include both Iodine based (used in CT scan and X-rays) and Gadolinium based compounds
(used in MRIs). The company exported US$50+mn contrast media APIS in FY24 and we
expect it to grow to ~US$300+mn by FY30e driven by increased volumes in existing
products and supply of new products.
The company currently supplies API for Iohexol and Iopromide and we expect it could add
one more Iodine based API. The company management has suggested that they are working
with multiple innovator companies for Gadolinium based compounds and those projects are
currently in the qualification stages. Hence, we build in meaningful revenue from gadolinium
based API supplies starting from FY26E gradually ramping up through FY30E.
Figure 19 - Divi's - Contrast Media API Exports Figure 20 - Divi's contrast media sales split
350 100%
300 80%
250
60%
200
40%
150
100 20%
50 0%
FY24A FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
0
FY24A FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E Gadolinium-based APIs Iodine-based APIs
Contrast media are chemical agents designed to enhance the contrast of diagnostic imaging
modalities, thereby aiding in disease diagnosis. Once administered into the human body,
these agents are selectively and temporarily absorbed by different tissues. Due to their
inherent properties, contrast media improve the visualisation of tissues and organs in
imaging studies. According to company reports, global contrast media market is estimated
to be ~US$6bn growing at mid-to-high-single digit.
Current size and segmentation of contrast media by imaging modality
Contrast media can be categorized into three primary segments based on the imaging
modality they are used for:
• X-ray / Computed Tomography (CT) contrast agents: Predominantly iodine-based.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents: Predominantly gadolinium-based.
• Ultrasound (USG) agents: Stabilised microbubble-based.
18 February 2025 25
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 21 - Iodinated contrast media agents lead Figure 22 - Geographical segmentation of contrast
the market media market
Rest of the
Microbubble, World, 15%
(Ultra-sound agents), 2%
Iodinated, USA, 29%
South-East
(Xray/CT contrast Asia, 3%
agents), 74%
Japan, 6%
Gadolinium,
(MRI contrast
agents), 24%
EU 5, 23%
China, 24%
Figure 23 - Estimated market share of Iodinated Figure 24 - Estimated market share of Gadolinium
contrast media products based Contrast media products
Others
Others Gadodiamide
Iobitridol
Gadopentetic acid
Iopromide
Gadoxetic acid
Ioversol
Iodixanol
Iopamidol Gadobutrol
Source: IMS IQVIA, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: IMS IQVIA, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 26
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
250 600
500
200
400
150
300
100
200
50
100
0 0
FY24E FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E FY22A FY23A FY24A FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
API Volumes for product How does product lifecycle management projects work?
lifecycle management
projects keep increasing
Our analysis of Divi's Labs' portfolio reveals that product lifecycle management projects
initially from innovator later
indicate sustained volume growth for APIs well beyond patent expiries in developed markets
on by generic companies
such as the US and Europe. Additionally, the realisation or selling price for these molecules
remains largely stable. Given that the Valsartan-Sacubitril API supply project is considered a
product lifecycle management project, we forecast continued growth in supply tonnage with
only a modest reduction in realisation initially post-patent expiry.
We examined Divi's Labs' portfolio to understand lifecycle projects, focusing on products
like Levodopa, Carbidopa, and Levetiracetam. Levetiracetam, which became generic in 2009,
provides insight into recent trends. Our analysis of third-party export data indicates that the
volume of Levetiracetam exports from Divi's to the innovator continued to rise post-2014,
with only a modest reduction in pricing, particularly after patent expiries. Furthermore, the
company is increasingly supplying the Levetiracetam API to generic players.
18 February 2025 27
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 27 - Divi's- Levetiracetam volume supplied Figure 28 - Divi's- Levetiracetam volume supplied
to Innovator (in 000's Kg) to players excluding Innovator supplies (in 000's
Kg)
250
350
200
300
250
150
200
100
150
50 100
50
0
CY14 CY15 CY16 CY17 CY18 CY19 CY20 CY21 CY22 CY23 0
CY14 CY15 CY16 CY17 CY18 CY19 CY20 CY21 CY22 CY23
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
Divi's realisation for Figure 29 - Divi's -Levetiracetam realisation (in USD/ Kg)
Levetiracetam API supplies
has experienced only a
140
modest decline, despite the
molecule having been generic 120
for over 15 years.
100
80
60
40
20
0
CY14 CY15 CY16 CY17 CY18 CY19 CY20 CY21 CY22 CY23
18 February 2025 28
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Generic API business is Generic API business: Growth recovery in the medium-term
stabilising after a couple of
years of steep price erosion
The company's generic API business excluding nutraceutical supplies accounted for ~40%
of the company's revenue in FY24. We build the company's generic API business to grow at
mid single digits through FY27E driven by volu growth in existing products and new product
launches partially offset by weak pricing environment in the API market. However, we expect
growth recovery beyond FY27E and build in a ~10% CAGR through FY30E (from FY24).
Divi's cost leadership in generic APIs sets it apart from other companies. The company has
a selective portfolio of 30 products of which it remains global market leader in 10 products.
The company strong team of 600 scientists specialises in developing innovative processes
and optimising them to maintain a competitive leadership position. The company has strong
product pipeline as highlighted below.
Figure 30 - Divi's- Generic Business Revenue (in Rs Figure 31 - Divi's- Generic Filing Pipeline
mn)
US DMF filing year DMF approval status EU CEP issue year
70,000
Lacosamide 2021 Yes 2023
60,000
Orlistat 2021 Yes
10,000
Rivaroxaban 2024
0 Losartan 2024
FY22 FY23 FY24 FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 29
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
FY21 FY22 FY23 FY24 FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
18 February 2025 30
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Business mix shift towards Mix shift towards custom synthesis to improve profitability and ROIC
high margin custom
synthesis business to drive
We expect the company's EBITDAm to improve from ~28% in FY24 to 36%+ in FY27E
marign and ROIC expansion
and ~40% in FY30E. We expect improvement in EBITDA to be driven by a) gross margin
improvement of >200bps owing to mix shift towards custom synthesis business, and b)
operating leverage. We also expect the company's ROIC to improve from current 20% in
FY24 to 35%+ in FY30E.
Our expectation of gross margin improvement is primarily driven by a ~28% revenue CAGR
(FY24-30E) in its custom synthesis business, contributing ~70% of total revenue by FY30E.
Additionally, we expect ramp up in its recently commissioned Unit 3 to bring modest gross
margin improvement owing to backward integration and operating leverage benefits as
utilisation improves.
Divi’s Labs has successfully commissioned Phase 1 of its new manufacturing facility, Unit
3, in Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, in the third quarter of fiscal year 2025. The company has
made an initial investment of INR15 billion to operationalise Phase 1 of Unit 3. Additionally,
300 acres of land have been reserved for future expansion. Pending regulatory approvals for
the new plant, the company is utilising it to free up capacities in its existing Units 1 and 2 by
transferring non-GMP manufacturing to Unit 3.
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
FY24 FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
Figure 34 - Divi's Gross Profit and Margin estimates Figure 35 - Divi's EBITDA and EBITDA margin
estimates
160,000 65%
100,000 45%
140,000 64%
90,000 40%
120,000 63%
80,000 35%
100,000 62% 70,000
30%
80,000 61% 60,000
25%
50,000
60,000 60% 20%
40,000
40,000 59% 15%
30,000
20,000 10%
20,000 58%
10,000 5%
0 57%
FY24 FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E 0 0%
FY24 FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
Gross Profit (Rs mn)- LHS Gross Margin (%)- RHS
EBITDA (Rs mn)-LHS EBITDA Margin (%)-RHS
18 February 2025 31
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 36 - The company has added 50%+ PPE in Figure 37 - Ramp up in capacity utilisation to drive
the last three years meaningful ROIC expansion
18,000 25%
40%
16,000
20% 35%
14,000
12,000 30%
15%
10,000 25%
8,000
10% 20%
6,000
15%
4,000 5%
10%
2,000
0 0% 5%
FY22 FY23 FY24 FY25e guided
0%
Capital expenditure (Rsmn)
FY24 FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
PPE addition as % of preceding year's gross block (%) - RHS
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 32
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
We value the stock at ~40x EV/EBITDA on FY27E EBITDA to arrive at a target price of
Rs7,400. Our TP is also supported by our DCF analysis. We believe a premium valuation to
domestic as well as global peers is justified given a) ~2x faster top-line and EBITDA growth
(next three years CAGR), and b) ~2x the ROIC vs regional and global peer average with ample
room to improve further. We have also employed a Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis to
value the stock.
Figure 39 - Divi's labs offer 2x growth vs. regional and global peers along with 2x ROIC
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Divi's Labs Regional Peers Global Peers Divi's Labs Regional Peers Global Peers Divi's Regional Peers Global Peers
18 February 2025 33
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Overall Average 41 35 25 26 19 16
Closing price as of Feb 17, 2025. We use our own estimates for Indian CDMOs and Samsung Bio. We use median for EBITDA CAGR, EPS CAGR and ROIC.
18 February 2025 34
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Appendix
Divi's Laboratories is a prominent pharmaceutical company based in India, known for its
extensive work in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) and intermediates segment.
Established in 1990 by Dr. Murali K. Divi, the company has grown to become one of the
leading players in the global pharmaceutical industry, with a strong focus on research and
development, manufacturing, and supply of high-quality pharmaceutical products.
• 1990: Founded by Dr. Murali K. Divi, initially focusing on developing processes for APIs and
intermediates.
• 1995: Commissioned its first manufacturing facility in Hyderabad, India, marking the
beginning of its large-scale production capabilities.
• 2002: Established its second manufacturing facility in Visakhapatnam, further expanding its
production capacity and capabilities.
• 2003: Went public with an Initial Public Offering (IPO), listing its shares on the Indian stock
exchanges.
• 2010: Achieved significant milestones in regulatory approvals, including certifications from
the US FDA, EU GMP, and other international regulatory bodies.
• 2015: Expanded its research and development efforts, focusing on niche areas such as
peptides and nutraceuticals, enhancing its product portfolio.
• 2020: Celebrated 30 years of operations, with a strong presence in over 95 countries and a
robust pipeline of products catering to various therapeutic segments.
1. Hyderabad Facility
2. Visakhapatnam Facility
18 February 2025 35
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 41 - Divi's FY24 Geographic Revenue split Figure 42 - Divi's Lab shareholding pattern
North
India
America
13%
17%
RoW
5%
Europe
52%
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 36
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
The Macquarie Quant’s flagship Alpha model is a dynamic ANALYST 76% 77% Revisions (Earnings, Recommendations)
multi-factor model based on a staple of quant factors such MOMENTUM 99% 95% Price Momentum
as value, momentum, revisions, quality, and risk.
GROWTH 29% 27% EPS, Sales (Forecast, Historic)
Global Market (Country) Sector
PROFITABILITY 83% 71% ROE, Margin, Asset Turnover
Pharma, Biotech
Whole Universe India
& Life Sciences QUALITY 92% 87% Accruals, Earn Stability, Cash Conversion
Macquarie Alpha
1061/17780 81/1021 41/1224 CAPITAL 75% 49% Investment/Capex, Net share issuance
Model
LIQUIDITY 97% 95% Size, Turnover, Analyst Coverage
Fundamental
9414/17780 589/1021 688/1224
(Consensus) *
LOW RISK 67% 82% Beta, Volatility, Earn.Cert, Leverage
Current and Historical Alpha Model Rank Factors driving the Alpha Model vs peers
The chart shows the Macquarie Alpha model market ranking For the comparable firms this chart shows the key underlying
against the company’s peers and over recent history. styles and their contribution to the current overall raw Alpha
score.
100%
Most Attractive
75% Sun Pharmaceutical
Lupin
50%
Cipla
0% Biocon
Piramal Biocon Dr. Reddy's Divi's Cipla Lupin Sun
Enterprises Labs Laboratorie Pharmaceut
Piramal Enterprises
s ical
Last 5 Last 10
Jan - Dec - Nov - Oct - Sep - Aug - Jul - Jun - May - Apr - Mar - Feb - Years Years
Asia Ex JP
25 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 (ann) (ann)
Sun Pharmaceutical
Biocon
GROWTH 0% 5% 2% -1% 0% -2% 0% 1% -2% 0% 2% 5% -1% 0%
Piramal Enterprises
PROFITABILITY 1% 4% 0% -3% -3% 3% -2% 1% 1% 1% -1% -1% -6% -2%
Source (all charts): FactSet, Refinitiv, and Macquarie Quant. For more details on the Macquarie Alpha model or for more customised analysis and screens, please contact the Macquarie Global
Quantitative Team: [email protected]. Explanation for items on this page can be found at https://www.macquarieinsights.com/rp/d/r/p/OTUyMzg1
18 February 2025 37
Macquarie Equity Research
18 February 2025
Healthcare
• Suven Pharma is set to benefit from high-growth cutting-edge CDMO SUVENPHA IN Outperform
segments and its proven track record to drive traditional business. Price (at 18 Feb 2025) INR1,088
• The company has a solid antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) CDMO 12-month target
12-month TSR (%)
INR1,500
37.8
platform and is building capabilities in the Oligonucleotide segment. Volatility Index Medium
• We initiate at Outperform, with its earnings (+Cohance) set to grow Market Cap (Local) (m) 277,018
sixfold (~6x) by FY30E off a FY24 base. Market Cap (USD) (m) 3,189
Free Float (%) 40
30-day avg turnover (USD) (m) 3.5
Building a high-tech product led CDMO: Suven is set to merge with Investment Fundamentals
Cohance in an all-stock deal (deal close in 1QFY26) to create a high- Year end 31 Mar 2024A 2025E 2026E 2027E
tech CDMO platform focusing on high-growth segments like ADCs, while Revenue (bn) 23,922 26,250 35,217 44,578
reinforcing its small molecules CDMO business. We expect the top and Revenue growth (%) (10.7) 9.7 34.2 26.6
EBIT (bn) 6,541 7,242 9,454 13,667
bottom line to grow ~4x and ~6x (FY24-30E) owing to a) rapid growth in EBIT growth (%) (24.6) 10.7 30.5 44.6
ADCs and Oligos segments ; b) accelerated addition of commercial as well Reported profit (bn) 4,987 5,791 7,208 10,600
as Ph-3 molecules to its portfolio; and c) recovery in Spec chem and API+ Adjusted profit (bn) 4,987 5,791 7,208 10,600
segments. EPS rep [INR] 12.8 14.9 18.5 27.2
EPS rep growth (%) (26.4) 16.1 24.5 47.1
Leading player in ADC segment: Suven holds a global leadership in EPS adj [INR] 12.8 14.9 18.5 27.2
Camptothecin-based ADC, where it supplies payloads for two commercial EPS adj (¢) 12.8 14.9 18.5 27.2
EPS adj growth (%) (26.4) 16.1 24.5 47.1
products, accounting for one-third of total ADC market value. With the
Net debt/equity (%) (13.4) (1.4) (8.8) (18.4)
addition of Auristatin platform, it could address 80%+ of the clinically active ROA (%) 18.1 17.8 20.2 24.2
ADC pipeline. We expect its ADC segment to deliver a ~45% CAGR through ROE (%) 17.1 17.1 17.8 21.5
to FY30E. PER rep (x) 85.0 73.2 58.8 40.0
PER adj (x) 85.0 73.2 58.8 40.0
Ramp up in capacity utilisation to improve profitability: Suven has EV/EBITDA (x) 53.9 48.2 36.5 26.4
nearly doubled its gross block with organic and inorganic capacity additions. P/BV (x) 13.3 11.2 9.4 7.6
Total div yield (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Improved capacity utilisation of new assets is set to expand EBITDA
margins by ~1,000bps and increase ROCE to 30%+ by FY30E from ~20% in Quant (rank vs. global sector) 108/1,224
FY24.
Jun Choi's view on Suven: Suven has positioned itself in the highly
attractive ADC segment, which is validated by Samsung Bio's recent
announcement of its interest in this area. While Samsung Bio is preparing
to enter the segment, its primary focus remains on antibody (mAb)
production, which aligns with its core expertise.
18 February 2025 38
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
• Inability to add more commercial projects on Pharma Suven Pharma specializes in advanced CDMO services, with
CDMO business significant capabilities in ADCs and oligonucleotides. The
• Slower recovery in Specialty Agri chem business company has strengthened its portfolio by acquiring NJ
Bio and Sapala. Suven operates multiple state-of-the-art
• Adverse plant issues
manufacturing plants, ensuring high-quality production.
Key segments include pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and
specialty chemicals, positioning Suven for robust growth in
the evolving market.
Figure 1 - Suven + Cohance revenue YTD FY25 Figure 2 - We expect Suven's bottom-line to grow
~6x by FY30e
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company Reports, Macquarie research, February 2025
18 February 2025 39
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Suven is focusing on high Transforming in to a high growth, tech led Product CDMO
growth CDMO segments
such as ADC, Oligos,
Suven Pharma has transformed itself from a traditional small molecule CDMO company to
PROTACs.
a technology-driven CDMO company focusing on high growth areas such as ADCs, Oligo and
PROteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTACs). The company has been adding to its capabilities
in these areas through organic as well as inorganic route while continuing to grow its
core small molecules CDMO business. We expect these niche technology segments offer
meaningful growth due to: a) fastest growth in these segments vs overall CDMO market; b)
increasing TAM by addition of niche capabilities; and c) strong relationship with innovator
pharma companies working in these segments. We expect the company's revenue (proforma
Suven + Cohance) to grow fourfold (~4x) by FY30E on FY24 base.
Suven's merger with Cohance Life Sciences and its recent acquisition of NJ Bio has brought a
solid ADC platform to the company. We expect ADC business to be a primary growth driver
for the combined entity as we build in a ~45% top-line CAGR in ADC business, primarily
driven by: a) rapidly expanding ADC market; b) ramp up in existing molecule supplies; c)
commercialisation of pipeline molecules by partners.
Figure 3 - Suven ADC +NJ Bio revenue estimate Figure 4 - Suven-Cohance merger and NJ Bio
acquisition
40,000
Cohance NJ Bio
35,000
Announcement date Feb 29, 2024 Dec 7, 2024
30,000
18 February 2025 40
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
ADC is composed of antibody, cytotoxic payload and chemical linker. It combines both the
advantages of highly specific targeting ability and highly potent killing effect to achieve
accurate and efficient elimination of cancer cells, which has become one of the hotspots
for research and development of anticancer drugs. An ideal ADC drug remains stable in
blood circulation, reaches the therapeutic target accurately, and eventually releases the
cytotoxic payloads in the vicinity of the targets (e.g. cancer cells). Currently, the company
has capabilities to supply both cytotoxic payload and linker.
Newer generation ADCs have Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) have made substantial progress by building on the
higher efficacy and lower side experiences of earlier generations and integrating advanced biotechnologies. First-
effects. generation ADCs used traditional chemotherapy agents with unstable linkers, resulting in
limited efficacy and higher toxicity. Second-generation ADCs incorporated more potent
cytotoxins like microtubule inhibitors and utilised chimeric or humanised antibodies
for better targeting, but still faced issues with random coupling methods leading to
inconsistency. The advent of site-specific coupling technology in third-generation ADCs has
provided a broader therapeutic window and greater flexibility for personalised treatment.
These advancements have significantly improved tumour targeting, circulation stability, and
anticancer activity. The future of ADCs looks promising with ongoing enhancements in their
components and coupling techniques, highlighting their vast potential in cancer therapy.
While ADCs are primarily known for targeted cancer therapies, their high specificity and
controlled drug delivery mechanisms are now being explored for non-oncology indications.
By combining monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with potent payloads, ADCs enable precise drug
delivery, minimising systemic toxicity. Emerging applications include autoimmune diseases
(targeting immune cells in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus), infectious diseases
(delivering antimicrobial agents to specific pathogens), and neurodegenerative disorders
(targeting amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease). Additionally, ADCs are being studied for
ophthalmic diseases (such as age-related macular degeneration) and fibrosis treatments,
opening new possibilities beyond oncology. These advancements position ADCs as a versatile
therapeutic platform for precision medicine in multiple disease areas.
18 February 2025 41
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Source: Fu, Z., Li, S., Han, S. et al. Antibody drug conjugate: the “biological missile” for targeted cancer therapy. Sig Transduct Target Ther 7, 93 (2022).
18 February 2025 42
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 7 - Global ADC Market size and Forecast, 2018- 2030e (in USD bn)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025e 2026e 2027e 2028e 2029e 2030e
Figure 8 - Global ADC sales by Drug name, 2023 Figure 9 - Global ADC Sales by Target, 2023
Others, 7%
Others, 16%
Enhertu, 24% CD79b, 9%
Trodelvy, 11%
TROP2, 11%
HER2, 46%
Padcev, 11%
Kadcyla, 22% Nectin-4, 11%
Adcetris, 16%
CD30, 16%
Source: Frost & Sullivan, February 2025 Source: Frost & Sullivan, February 2025
18 February 2025 43
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 10 - ADC drug pipeline has expanded Figure 11 - ...and expected to growth further
rapidly...
600
300
500
250
400
200
300
150 200
100 100
50 0
Pre-clinical Phase I Phase II Phase III
*2024 YTD
ADC segment has witnessed ADC CDMO market on track to grow multifold
high proportion of
outsourcing due to
Frost and Sullivan estimates the ADC CDMO market will grow ~7x to ~US$11bn by 2030
technological complexity.
from US$1.5bn in 2022. The production and preparation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates
(ADCs) involve intricate processes, presenting unique challenges in manufacturing, quality
control, non-clinical research, and clinical trials. These complexities have driven a growing
demand for outsourcing in both production and research stages. According to Frost &
Sullivan, the outsourcing rate for ADC production is ~70%, compared to 34% for other
biopharmaceuticals. Notably, 13 out of the 15 globally approved ADC drugs have been
manufactured by outsourcing service providers, often involving multiple providers.
18 February 2025 44
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 12 - ADC CDMO market to grow multifold Figure 13 - ADC outsourcing is high due to
complexity
Global ADC CDMO Market Size (in USD bn)
12
100%
10 90%
80%
8 70%
60%
6 50%
40%
4 30%
20%
2
10%
0%
0 ADC Other Biopharma
2018 2022 2026e 2030e
Outsourcing In-sourcing
Source: Frost & Sullivan, February 2025
Out of the 15 globally Figure 14 - Approved ADC Globally and Outsourcing status
approved ADCs, 13 have Drug Name Company Outsourcing status
Whether Outsourced to Multiple Suppliers
had their manufacturing Mylotarg Pfizer/ Wyeth N -
outsourced either fully or Adcetris Seagen/Takeda Y Y
Suven has added a strong Suven's primary focus on Payload; NJ Bio adds Linker and Bioconjugation
linker and bioconjugation segments
platform to complement its
payload franchise
Earlier, Suven only focused on payload segment (through Cohance), but with addition of NJ
Bio, the company also has capabilities in linker and bioconjugation segments. Further, the
company can now provide end-to-end services from discovery to commercialisation.
According to the company, payload, linker and bioconjugation segments constitute c.50% of
the ADC CDMO market. We anticipate that this segment will grow at a comparable rate to
the overall ADC CDMO market, which is projected to have a compound annual growth rate
(CAGR) of around 30%. Specifically, we expect Suven's ADC business revenue to increase at a
CAGR of ~45%, driven by several factors: the ramp-up in supplies for existing commercialised
molecules, the addition of Auristatin-based payloads to the platform, and the enhancement
of linker capabilities through the acquisition of NJ Bio.
18 February 2025 45
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 16 - ADC CDMO market split (in USD bn) Figure 17 - Suven's addressable market to grow
3 >4x
2 6.0
1.36 6
1 0.61
5
0.43
0.31 2.73
0
2024 4
Payload/ Linker
mAB segment, and
Bioconjugation, 3
1.38
1.36 Combined
1.9
2 SAM $1.4bn
1.36
adds linker
1 0.61 and
0.43 bioconj.) 1.37
0 0.31
2024 2030e
18 February 2025 46
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
ADC payloads are agents Payload is the most critical part of an ADC
that drive the desired
outcomes
The cytotoxic payload, often referred to as the "warhead," becomes active after the ADC is
internalised into cancer cells. Since only about 2% of an ADC reaches the targeted tumour
sites following intravenous administration, the compounds used as payloads must be highly
potent, with IC50 values in the nanomolar and picomolar range. These compounds also
need to be stable under physiological conditions and possess functional groups available
for conjugation with the antibody. Suven's differentiation here is chemical synthesis of
camptothecin-based payload with the highest purity and long stability.
Early ADCs used traditional chemotherapeutic agents as their cytotoxic payloads, but
these were not potent enough to produce a significant anticancer effect. Additionally, the
structural conformation of an antibody limits the amount of payload that can be carried by
the ADC construct. Currently, the cytotoxic payloads used in ADCs mainly include potent
tubulin inhibitors, DNA-damaging agents, and immunomodulators. (Fu, et al., 2022).
Tubulin inhibitors Block the polymerization of tubulin dimer and inhibit the formation of
Maytansinoids 0.05–0.1 nM
mature microtubules
DNA double strand break: bind with DNA in the minor groove and cause
Calicheamicins 0.1–1 nM
strand scission
DNA alkylation: bind to the minor groove of DNA and alkylate the
Duocarmycins 1–10 pM
nucleobase adenine at the N3 position
DNA damaging agents Topoisomerase I inhibitor: bind to the topoisomerase I and DNA complex
Exatecans and prevent DNA re-ligation and therefore causes DNA damage which 1-10 nM
results in apoptosis
18 February 2025 47
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 19 - Enhertu sales (in USD mn) Figure 20 - Trodelvy sales ( in USD mn)
10,000 3,000
9,000
2,500
8,000
7,000
2,000
6,000
5,000 1,500
4,000
1,000
3,000
2,000
500
1,000
0 0
Source: Visible alpha, Copany reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Visible alpha, Copany reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 48
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Suven's partners are We expect growth in these molecules (Enhertu and Trodelvy) to be driven from sales ramp
conducting multiple up in existing indications, addition of indications through label expansion and launch in new
additional clinical studies for geographies post successful trials. Innovator 1 is currently conducting 15 clinical studies
label expansion for Enhertu. Of these 15 clinical trials, seven are Phase 3, one Phase 2 and seven Phase
1 studies. Additionally, Enhertu is awaiting approval for two indications in China. Similarly,
Innovator 2 is conducting 9 additional clinical trials for Trodelvy including five phase 3 and
four Phase 2 studies.
Figure 22 - Enhertu Clinical Trials in progress Figure 23 - Trodelvy Clinical Trials in progress
8 6
7
5
6
4
5
4 3
3
2
2
1
1
0 0
Phase I Phase II Phase III Regulatory Phase Phase II Phase III
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
One of the Innovator Additional products at existing partners to drive further growth
partnered with Suven has
multiple ADCs in pipeline
We believe Suven would continue to supply payload intermediate to Enhertu Innovator
with same camptothecin
for four of its ADC pipeline molecule which uses Deruxtecan, same payload as Enhertu.
based payload
Innovator company is conducting 30 clinical studies for these molecules including 12 phase
3, 7 phase 2 and 11 phase 1 studies.
The company's pipeline molecule Dato-DXd (Datroway) was recently approved by the
US FDA for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic, hormone
receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative (IHC 0,
IHC 1+ or IHC 2+/ISH-) breast cancer who have received prior endocrine-based therapy and
chemotherapy for unresectable or metastatic disease
12
10
0
Datroway HER3-DXd 1-DXd DS-6000 (R-DXd)
18 February 2025 49
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Suven has also developed Adjacent payloads could add to growth momentum
Auristatin based paylaod
platform and are currently
Beyond Camptothecin-based payloads, the company is also working on Auristatin-based
under qualification stage
payloads. The auristatins are synthetic analogues based off the natural product dolastatin
10 and are currently being used in the marketed ADCs Brentuximab Vedotin (Adcetris),
Enfortumab Vedotin (Padcev), and Polatuzumab Vedotin (Polivy). Auristatins are potent
microtubule-disrupting agents and have many synthetic analogues available. Since they are
pentapeptides, auristatins are highly modular and can be attached to antibodies using all
types of linkers and linking strategies.
Common derivatives like Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and Monomethyl auristatin F
(MMAF) are used for their high potency and targeted delivery to cancer cells, minimising
damage to healthy tissues and enhancing the therapeutic index of the treatment. As per
export data, the company has supplied small quantity of MMAE to Selvita services, a CDMO
based out of Poland.
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
Suven
20%
10%
0%
Total Preclinical Clinically active Added in 2024
Topoisomerase I inhibitor payloads Tubulin inhibitor payloads Other payload mecanism
NJ Bio acquisition inceases Linker capabilities from NJ Bio to add to growth momentum
Suven's TAM in ADC segment
by ~7x
In December 2024, Suven Pharma (Cohance Lifesciences) acquired a 56% stake in NJ Bio, a
CRDMO specialising in ADC and related technologies. NJ Bio provides cutting-edge solutions
across the ADC value chain and has successfully served over 150 customers, delivering more
than 500 projects over the past five years. NJ Bio has developed an extensive library of 550+
payload-linkers and offers ‘Express Conjugation’ service that allows to establish proof of
concept for a novel ADC. Additional investments are being made towards R&D for novel
payload linkers and new technologies.
We project NJ Bio's revenue to grow sevenfold (7x) by FY30E on FY25E estimates of ~US
$32mn. This growth is expected to be primarily driven by the enhanced utilisation of NJ Bio's
capabilities through Suven's commercial ADC platform. Moreover, we also expect meaningful
18 February 2025 50
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
improvement in NJ Bio's profitability as the business scales. NJ Bio's profitability has already
expanded to mid-teens levels vs. earlier expectation of ~10% in CY24.
Linkers connect the antibody and the cytotoxic payload and are a key component in the
function of ADCs. The linker imparts the following characteristics to ADCs: (1) high stability in
the circulation; and (2) specific release of payload in the target tissue. NJ Bio has developed
an extensive library of payload linkers.
Types of linkers: Linkers are divided into cleavable and non-cleavable types. Cleavable linkers
have a biological weak point that releases a metabolite either by reduction, hydrolysis, or
proteolysis. Common cleavable linkers are MC-Val-Cit-Pabc, disulfides (e.g., SPDB, SPP), and
hydrazone for pH-sensitivity. Many cleavable linkers use a self-immolating mechanism to
release the intact payload. It is important to note that the pKa of the leaving group will be
important to drive the self-immolation.
Figure 26 - NJ Bio Revenue expectation FY25E- Figure 27 - ADC linker market is expected to grow
FY30E rapidly
20,000 2
18,000 1.8
16,000 1.6
14,000 1.4
12,000 1.2
10,000 1
8,000 0.8
6,000 0.6
4,000 0.4
2,000 0.2
0 0
FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E 2024e 2030e
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company Reports, Macquarie research, February 2025
18 February 2025 51
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Early discovery and proof of concept Larger scale mAb conjugations and other Lead optimization and preclinical
Purpose
(only for ADCs) protein bioconjugates development
Turnaround Time 3 to 4 weeks Not specified Not specified
Larger quantities for toxicology
Required Antibody 5 to 10 mg of mAb Larger quantities of antibody
studies
Limited to approved linker-payloads Broader range of validated linker- Custom selection of payloads, linker
Linker-Payload Options (e.g., SMCC-DM1, MC-Val-Cit-PAB- payloads (e.g., DGN549, Tesirine, DM21C, technologies, and site-specific
MMAE, MC-MMAF, DXd(1), CL2A-SN38) SPDB-DM4) conjugation
Screen murine antibody candidates in Assess payloads with different MOAs in Improve therapeutic index (TI) by
Example Use Case vitro with approved linker-payloads to larger in vivo studies to optimize ADC testing site-specific conjugation,
support selection criteria selection modifying linker-payload hydrophilicity
Cell-based functional assays In vitro stability testing in mouse/human Animal PK analyses, in vitro and in vivo
Additional Services (cytotoxicity, internalization, and serum; cell line validation (e.g., antigen stability, cell-based assays for lead
binding assays) numbers) optimization
18 February 2025 52
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Sapala's core competency Sapala acquisition offers entry into rapidly growing Oligonucleotide market
in basic building blocks for
Oligonucleotides
In June 2024, Suven Pharma announced a definitive agreement to acquire a controlling stake
in Hyderabad-based Sapala Organics Private Limited. Sapala specialises in oligonucleotide
drugs and nucleic acid building blocks, including specialised amidites, nucleosides, and drug
delivery compounds and has one of the most comprehensive list of capabilities among its
peers. In fact, the company is the only supplier of Tricyclo DNA globally. We expect Sapala's
revenue to deliver a ~45% CAGR (FY24-30E). We expect strong top-line growth to be driven
by rapid market growth and market share gains due to its strong backward integration and
strong purity profile.
Sapala operates with an innovator customer base across the US, EU, and Japan, partnering
with clients on their New Chemical Entity (NCE) programs throughout the project lifecycle.
The company has a strong presence in Japan, contributing ~20% to total sales from FY21 to
FY24.
Sapala employs over 250 individuals, with an R&D team consisting of more than 100
members, including over 20 PhDs. The company's R&D lab and pilot manufacturing unit
span 6,000 sq. mt. in Hyderabad, located near existing Cohance units, and are equipped with
17 fully operational labs. Financially, Sapala projects sales for FY24 to exceed Rs670mn,
maintaining adjusted EBITDA margins of over 45%.
Figure 29 - Sapala revenue forecast (in Rs mn) Figure 30 - Comparison of Sapala building block
capabilities with peers
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
Oligonucleotides are short sequences of nucleotides (RNA or DNA) that are synthetically
manufactured and designed to bind to specific genetic sequences. These molecules are
crucial tools in genetic research, diagnostics, and therapeutic applications due to their
ability to modulate gene expression, detect genetic mutations, and serve as targeted drug
therapies. Details of key areas of application of oligonucleotides are in appendix.
Sapala primarily operates in the nucleic acid and oligo building blocks sector, which are
essential starting materials in the manufacturing of oligonucleotide drugs. The company
forecasts this market to enjoy a 25%+ revenue CAGR, reaching an estimated value of around
US$4bn by FY29, up from US$1bn in FY24. The anticipated growth in this market will be
driven by an expanding pipeline of oligonucleotide drugs and an increase in commercialised
molecules. Suven Pharma forecasts that the number of marketed oligo-based drugs will
quadruple to 65 molecules by 2029, from the current 17 molecules in 2024. Moreover,
the company expects AMidite and Gainac segments to grow significantly faster than the
oligoneucleotide market itself where it has multi-kilo sclae synthesis capacity.
The company is capable of synthesising a spectrum of modified amidites and nucleosides
with excellent purity and high level of backward integration (15+ steps). This strong
18 February 2025 53
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
backward integration should help drive market-share gains. Additionally, the company is
augmenting its capacity by adding a cGMP facility which could also help it with forward
integration into oligonucleotide drug substance manufacturing.
Figure 31 - Oligonucleotides market to grow at Figure 32 - 4x new Oligo drugs to hit market
~25% CAGR by 2029, clinical pipeline also expected to see
consistent addition
5
In- market
4
Phase III-NDA
3
Phase II
2
Phase I
1
Pre-clinical
18 February 2025 54
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
The company has been Small molecule CDMO business poised for growth
rapidly adding to its
commercial and Ph3
Suven Pharma features a strong small molecule CDMO business. The company currently
portfolio
supplies intermediates for 16 commercialised molecules, which includes supplies for 12
molecules under its own business and 4 molecules intermediates by Cohance. We expect
Suven +Cohance small molecule CDMO (ex-ADC) business revenue to grow at mid-teens
CAGR through to FY30E driven by: a) ramp up in existing molecules; and b) addition of new
molecule intermediate supplies.
The company has an active pipeline of 100+ projects across Phase 1-3. The company has
a robust pipeline with 9 molecules in phase 3 translating to 15 intermediates. Of these, 2
Phase 3 read-outs have been positive and the company expects commercial supplies to
start soon. The company has strong customer base with 14 of the top-20 large innovator
companies contributing >80% of revenue in this segment.
Figure 33 - Small molecule CDMO revenue est. Figure 34 - Suven Pharma Phase III pipeline
18,000 16
16,000 14
14,000 12
12,000 10
8
10,000
6
8,000
4
6,000
2
4,000
0
2,000 FY23 9MFY25
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie research, February 2025 Source: Company Reports, Macquarie research, February 2025
Figure 35 - Suven Pharma CDMO revenue (in Rs mn) Figure 36 - Historical ex-ADC revenue for Cohance
FY20-24
9,000
1,400
8,000
7,000 1,200
6,000
1,000
5,000
800
4,000
3,000 600
2,000
400
1,000
200
0
FY20 FY21 FY22 FY23 FY24
0
FY20 FY21 FY22 FY23 FY24
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie research, February 2025
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 55
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 37 - We estimate Suven+ Cohance Spec Chem Revenue will grow at ~7%
CAGR
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
FY24 FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
18 February 2025 56
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 38 - API+ business revenue estimates Figure 39 - API+ business historical revenue (Rsmn)
25,000 12,000
10,000
20,000
8,000
15,000
6,000
10,000
4,000
5,000
2,000
0 0
FY24 FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E FY20 FY21 FY22 FY23 FY24
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2023 2024e 2025e 2026e 2027e 2028e
18 February 2025 57
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
We expect Suven's profitability to improve due to mix shift towards Pharma CDMO business.
Additionally, we expect improvement in Pharma CDMO business profitability as well due
to mix shift towards higher margin ADC and Oligo businesses growing faster than small
molecule CDMO business. We build ~10+ pp EBITDAm improvement by FY30E off a FY24
base. This improvement will be primarily driven by ~800+bps gross margin improvement
through business mix shift and rest from operating leverage.
Figure 41 - Suven + Cohance Gross profit estimate Figure 42 - Suven- EBITDA and EBITDA margin
(FY24-FY30E)
70,000 76%
40,000 50%
60,000 74%
35,000 45%
50,000 72% 40%
30,000
35%
40,000 70%
25,000 30%
30,000 68% 20,000 25%
15,000 20%
20,000 66%
15%
10,000 64% 10,000
10%
5,000 5%
0 62%
FY24 FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E 0 0%
FY24 FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
Gross Profit (Rs mn)- LHS Gross Margin (%)- RHS
EBITDA (Rs mn)-LHS EBITDA margin (%) - RHS
API +, 23%
API+
42% Pharma
CDMO
Spec Chem,
48%
6%
Pharma
CDMO, 71%
Specialty
chemicals
10%
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 58
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Pharma CDMO is high margin business as Cohance's disclosure suggests that its CDMO
business (Pharma + Spec chem) accounted for 42% of gross profit in FY24 against 33% of
revenue. This implies Cohance's pharma + Spec chem CDMO gross margin of 80%+ and
API+ gross margin of ~54%. Hence, we expect mix shift towards CDMO business to drive
meaningful gross margin improvement.
Figure 45 - Cohance Lifesciences segment revenue Figure 46 - CDMO segment gross margins are
and gross profit mix significantly higher
100%
90%
80%
58% 57%
67% 70% 70%
60%
50%
40%
42% 43% 30%
33% 30%
20%
10%
FY24 9MFY25 FY24 9MFY25
0%
Revenue contribution Gross profit contribution FY24 9MFY25
CDMO (Pharma + Spec chem) API+ CDMO (Pharma + Spec chem) API+
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
We expect merged entity's return ratios to improve gradually as acquired assets start
contributing towards bottom-line. We expect Proforma (Suven + Cohance) ROCE (ROCE) to
improve from 19% in FY24 to 30%+ by FY30E. The company has a strong balance sheet with
net cash of Rs6.5bn offering addition upside from inorganic growth.
35% 8,000
30% 7,000
6,000
25%
5,000
20%
4,000
15%
3,000
10%
2,000
5% 1,000
0% 0
FY24 FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E FY20 FY21 FY22 FY23 FY24 H1FY25
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie research, February 2025 Source: Company Reports, Macquarie research, February 2025
18 February 2025 59
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Valuation
We value the stock at 37x EV/EBITDA on FY27E EBITDA to arrive at our target price of
Rs1,500, which is also supported by our DCF analysis. We believe the premium valuation
multiple is justified given solid growth prospects and improving return ratios.
Overall Average 41 35 25 26 19 16
Priced as at close 17 February 2025. We use our own estimates for Indian CDMOs and Samsung Bio. We use median for EBITDA CAGR, EPS CAGR and ROIC.
18 February 2025 60
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Appendix
18 February 2025 61
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
• February 2024 - Merger with Cohance Lifesciences announced, expanding Suven’s CDMO
footprint and capabilities in advanced pharmaceutical solutions, including ADCs and
HPAPIs.
Overview
• Suven Pharmaceuticals announced the merger with Cohance Lifesciences as a strategic
move to expand its CDMO business, capabilities, and global presence.
• The merger will leverage synergies between Suven and Cohance, strengthening their
combined expertise in pharmaceuticals, specialty chemicals, and advanced drug delivery
platforms.
• The transaction has received shareholder approval received (99.99% in favor); Final NCLT
hearing on February 18; Merger expected to be effective in Q1FY26, subject to regulatory
approvals (incl DoP)
• The merger process is expected to take 12-15 months from February 29, 2024.
18 February 2025 62
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 52 - Cohance merger will enhance Suven's positioning in the CDMO landscape
API Unit 1 AP, India 120 reactors, > 520Kl capacity 2019 EDQM, Korea-FDA, PMDA, COFEPRIS, ANVISA, MOH, CDSCO, WHO GMP
18 February 2025 63
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 54 - Suven Pharma shareholding pattern Figure 55 - Suven pharma shareholding Post-
merger
Public
Promoter & 33%
Public Promoter
50% Group
50%
Promoter /
Advent
67%
Figure 56 - Cohance revenue split (FY24) Figure 57 - Cohance - Customer mix (%)
Top 5
customers
Pharma
24%
CDMO
API 6-10
Spec chem
customers
CDMO Others 11%
65%
Formulations
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
The 56% stake acquisition in NJ Bio was a combination of purchasing shares from existing
minority shareholders and infusing growth equity capital. Specifically, Suven spent US
$49.4mn to buy a 49.4% stake from the existing minority shareholders and made a primary
equity infusion of US$15mn. The primary equity infusion will primarily be used for capital
expenditures, including the expansion of GMP suites at the existing Princeton facility.
Based on the growth outlook for the business, the deal is valued at a low to mid-teen EV /
CY25 EBITDA. Additionally, the company expects that this acquisition will be EPS accretive
within two years.
Strategic rationale
• Leadership in a high-growth market: The ADC outsourcing market, currently valued
at $2.7 billion, is projected to grow at an annual rate exceeding 25%. This acquisition
strategically positions Suven Pharma (Cohance Lifesciences) as a key player in one of the
fastest-growing segments of the Pharma CDMO landscape.
• Comprehensive ADC chemistry capabilities: The acquisition extends Suven’s current
ADC offerings by incorporating expertise across payload chemistry, payload-linker
synthesis, bioconjugation, and ADC-specific analytical platforms.
18 February 2025 64
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
• Founder and team have deep domain expertise: The acquired entity is led by a founder
and senior team with decades of experience in ADCs and multiple industry accolades,
enhancing Suven's domain expertise.
• Strategic US presence: The state-of-the-art 80,000sf R&D and manufacturing facility in
Princeton, coupled with a highly talented pool of technical experts, provides Suven with a
nearshore presence. This enables flexible dual location solutions for customers across the
US and India.
• Enhanced cross-selling opportunities: The acquisition combines complementary
customer bases across small-to-mid biotech and large pharma, creating significant cross-
selling potential.
• Creation of a unique tech-focused CRDMO: Suven becomes one of the few CRDMOs
with a footprint in both the US and India, and a presence across major new modalities
such as ADCs, Nucleic Acid Chemistry, and mRNA.
Oligonucleotide therapies are a class of precision medicines that use short synthetic strands
of nucleotides (DNA or RNA sequences) to modulate gene expression or protein synthesis.
These therapies are designed to target specific genetic sequences and can either silence,
modify, or replace dysfunctional genes, making them highly effective for genetic disorders,
rare diseases, and certain cancers.
Mechanism of Action
18 February 2025 65
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
4 Inotuzumab ozogamicin Besponsa Pfizer/ Wyeth CD22 Calicheamicin Acute lymphoblast leukemia 2017
12 Loncastuximab tesirine-lpyl Zynlonta ADC Therapeutics CD19 SG3199 Large B-cell lymphoma 2021
13 Disitamab vedotin Aidixi RemeGen HER2 MMAE HER2+ gastric carcinoma 2021
14 Tisotumab vedotin-tftv Tivdak Seagen Tissue factor MMAE Cervical Cancer 2021
15 Mirvetuximab soravtansine-gyxn ELAHRE* ImmunoGen Frα DM4 Ovarian Cancer 2022
AstraZeneca/
16 Datopotamab Deruxtecan Datroway Trop-2 Dxd HR+/HER2– Breast Cancer 2025
Daiichi Sankyo
0
2011 2013 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2025*
* Till date
18 February 2025 66
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
The Macquarie Quant’s flagship Alpha model is a dynamic ANALYST 79% 79% Revisions (Earnings, Recommendations)
multi-factor model based on a staple of quant factors such MOMENTUM 98% 91% Price Momentum
as value, momentum, revisions, quality, and risk.
GROWTH 30% 27% EPS, Sales (Forecast, Historic)
Global Market (Country) Sector
PROFITABILITY 93% 88% ROE, Margin, Asset Turnover
Pharma, Biotech
Whole Universe India
& Life Sciences QUALITY 97% 98% Accruals, Earn Stability, Cash Conversion
Macquarie Alpha
2527/17780 163/1021 108/1224 CAPITAL 94% 96% Investment/Capex, Net share issuance
Model
LIQUIDITY 84% 74% Size, Turnover, Analyst Coverage
Fundamental
0/17780 0/1021 0/1224
(Consensus) *
LOW RISK 42% 50% Beta, Volatility, Earn.Cert, Leverage
Current and Historical Alpha Model Rank Factors driving the Alpha Model vs peers
The chart shows the Macquarie Alpha model market ranking For the comparable firms this chart shows the key underlying
against the company’s peers and over recent history. styles and their contribution to the current overall raw Alpha
score.
100%
Most Attractive
75% Blue Jet Healthcare
Suven Pharmaceutical…
50%
Jubilant Pharmova
0% Eris Lifesciences
Syngene Eris Ipca Alkem Jubilant Suven Blue Jet
Internationa Lifesciences Laboratorie Laboratorie Pharmova Pharmaceut Healthcare
Syngene Internationa…
… s s ical…
-3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
5 Year Ago 3 Year Ago 1 Year Ago Current
VALUE PROFITABILITY MOMENTUM LOW RISK & LIQUIDITY ALPHA
GROWTH ANALYST QUALITY & CAPITAL
Last 5 Last 10
Jan - Dec - Nov - Oct - Sep - Aug - Jul - Jun - May - Apr - Mar - Feb - Years Years
Asia Ex JP
25 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 (ann) (ann)
Blue Jet Healthcare
Eris Lifesciences
GROWTH 0% 5% 2% -1% 0% -2% 0% 1% -2% 0% 2% 5% -1% 0%
Syngene Internationa…
PROFITABILITY 1% 4% 0% -3% -3% 3% -2% 1% 1% 1% -1% -1% -6% -2%
Source (all charts): FactSet, Refinitiv, and Macquarie Quant. For more details on the Macquarie Alpha model or for more customised analysis and screens, please contact the Macquarie Global
Quantitative Team: [email protected]. Explanation for items on this page can be found at https://www.macquarieinsights.com/rp/d/r/p/OTUyMzg1
18 February 2025 67
Macquarie Equity Research
18 February 2025
Healthcare
• Blue Jet Healthcare is rapidly moving up the value chain in its core
contrast media business, fuelling significant top- and bottom-line BLUEJET IN Outperform
growth. Price (at 18 Feb 2025) INR754.40
• We expect Pharma CDMO business to grow significantly with the ramp- 12-month target
12-month TSR (%)
INR1,000
32.6
up of existing molecules and the addition of new molecules. Volatility Index High
• We initiate at Outperform, with our Rs1,000 target price implying a 33% Market Cap (Local) (m) 130,862
total shareholder return. Market Cap (USD) (m) 1,506
Free Float (%) 14
30-day avg turnover (USD) (m) 2.7
Moving up value chain in contrast media to capture better economics: Investment Fundamentals
Blue Jet has come a long way in contrast-media intermediate business, from Year end 31 Mar 2024A 2025E 2026E 2027E
supplying basic building blocks to key intermediates, thereby increasing Revenue (bn) 7,116 9,975 14,467 17,666
Revenue growth (%) (1.3) 40.2 45.0 22.1
realisation by ~3x. Now the company is moving one more step towards
EBIT (bn) 2,011 3,398 5,037 6,344
iodination of key intermediate which could further increase realisation EBIT growth (%) 3.7 69.0 48.2 25.9
by ~4x that of advanced intermediate. Additionally, Blue Jet has also Reported profit (bn) 1,735 2,900 3,971 5,059
commissioned its capacity for Gadolinium-based contrast media. Hence, we Adjusted profit (bn) 1,735 2,900 3,971 5,059
expect a strong top-line CAGR of 16% for the segment over FY24-30E. EPS rep [INR] 10.0 16.7 22.9 29.2
EPS rep growth (%) 8.4 67.1 36.9 27.4
Pharma CDMO business in high growth phase: The Pharma CDMO EPS adj [INR] 10.0 16.7 22.9 29.2
business is in a high growth phase; we project it to achieve a 57% top- EPS adj (¢) 10.0 16.7 22.9 29.2
EPS adj growth (%) 8.5 67.1 36.9 27.4
line CAGR. This growth is primarily driven by the increasing supply of key
Net debt/equity (%) (10.0) (3.2) (9.2) (24.7)
intermediates for Bempedoic acid, a lipid-lowering drug, to an innovator ROA (%) 20.9 29.2 33.5 31.1
company. According to Visible Alpha consensus, sales of the innovator ROE (%) 22.7 29.3 29.8 28.3
product is estimated to grow by ~6-7x by 2030E from the 2023 base. PER rep (x) 75.4 45.1 33.0 25.9
PER adj (x) 75.4 45.1 33.0 25.9
To support this growth, the company has recently established a 120kL
EV/EBITDA (x) 54.6 34.9 23.6 18.8
capacity for intermediate manufacturing facility. P/BV (x) 15.5 11.5 8.5 6.4
Total div yield (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Profitability and return ratios to improve: We build ~800bps EBITDAm
improvement for the company through FY30E on the FY24 base, driven Quant (rank vs. global sector) 7/1,224
by a shift towards higher-margin Pharma CDMO business. Additionally, we
expect meaningful expansion in ROIC to around 50% from the current 29%,
as the utilisation of recently added capacities increases.
18 February 2025 68
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
• Adverse regulatory outcome on new products Blue Jet Healthcare Limited is a specialty pharmaceutical
• Inability to ramp up newer products company operating across three high-growth business
segments: contrast media intermediates, high-intensity
• Adverse outcome of plant inspections
sweeteners, and pharma intermediates & APIs.
Figure 1 - BlueJet's revenue estimates (in Rs mn) Figure 2 - Blue Jet's PAT in (Rs mn)
30,000 10,000
9,000
25,000
8,000
7,000
20,000
6,000
15,000 5,000
4,000
10,000
3,000
2,000
5,000
1,000
0 0
FY24A FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E FY24A FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 69
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Blue Jet Healthcare is a speciality pharmaceutical company operating across three high-
growth business segments: contrast media intermediates, high-intensity sweeteners, and
pharma intermediates & APIs. In 9MFY25, contrast media intermediates contributed 44% of
revenue, high-intensity sweeteners 15%, and pharma intermediates & APIs 41%.
• Contrast media business: It focuses on iodine-based agents, is expanding into
gadolinium-based agents, competing with Deccan Chemicals and Arvee Laboratories in
India, while Starry from China remains a major global competitor.
• High-intensity sweeteners: Blue Jet has five decades of expertise in saccharin, leveraging
full backward integration for cost leadership, competing with Anhui Jinhe Industrial and
Tate & Lyle.
• Pharma intermediates & APIs: It serves cardiovascular, oncology, and CNS segments,
facing competition from Divi’s Laboratories, Neuland Laboratories, and Laurus Labs. Its
CDMO-driven model, strong customer lock-ins, and cost-efficient manufacturing make it a
unique and high-margin player in the pharmaceutical supply chain
Figure 3 - Blue Jet segment revenue 9MFY25 Figure 4 - Blue Jet historical segment revenue
(Rsmn)
Others
2%
8,000
7,000
Pharma 6,000
intermediates Contrast media
intermediates 5,000
and API
39% 44% 4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
High intensity FY20A FY21A FY22A FY23A FY24A
sweetners
15% Contrast media intermediates High intensity sweetners
Figure 5 - Blue Jet- Historical EBITDA margin Figure 6 - Blue Jet Historical ROIC
40%
2,500 140%
35%
120%
2,000 30%
25% 100%
1,500
20%
80%
1,000 15%
60%
10%
500
5% 40%
- 0%
20%
FY20A FY21A FY22A FY23A FY24A
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 70
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Blue Jet supplies contrast media intermediates to leading innovators such as GE Healthcare,
Bracco, Bayer, and Guerbet. Collectively, these companies represent over 75% of the
contrast media market. Blue Jet has established long-standing relationships with these
industry leaders, with Bracco being a customer for approximately 25 years, Guerbet for
around 15 years, and GE Healthcare for about 10 years.
Having solidified its position in the iodine-based contrast media intermediates segment, the
company is now advancing up the value chain by expanding its capacity to supply advanced
intermediates for iodine-based contrast media and developing intermediates for gadolinium-
based contrast media. We expect the company's contrast-media segment revenue to deliver
a ~16% CAGR through FY30E from a FY24 base. We expect new projects, which should start
contributing to top-line in 4QFY25, to drive ~80% of the growth. We build in a 6% top-line
CAGR (FY24-30E) from existing products which is in line with market growth.
Figure 7 - Blue Jet's Contrast media segment Figure 8 - Blue Jet's historical contrast media
revenue (Rs mn) revenue (Rs mn)
14,000 6,000
12,000
5,000
10,000
4,000
8,000
3,000
6,000
2,000
4,000
1,000
2,000
0 0
FY24A FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E FY20A FY21A FY22A FY23A FY24A
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
The company supplies 19 intermediates for contrast media agents. In the next few quarters,
it will start manufacturing an advanced intermediate (iodinated ABA-HCL) and another
for Gadolinium-based contrast media. Additionally, 8-9 advanced intermediates are in the
validation stage with innovators, a process that usually takes 3-4 years. We anticipate
a ~16% topline CAGR (FY24-30E) driven by moving up the value chain and adding new
molecules.
18 February 2025 71
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
The company commenced its operations in 1997 with the manufacturing of a fundamental
building block for contrast media agents, known as Nitro Isophthalic Acid (NIPA). Since then,
it has ascended the value chain and currently manufactures 19 intermediates. The largest
contributor to the top-line revenue is ABA HCl (5-Amino-N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)
isophthalamide), which accounted for over 80% of the contrast media segment revenue in
FY24. Notably, the value realisation for ABA HCl has improved ~3x compared to NIPA.
The company is now in the process of supplying Iodinated ABA HCl to an innovator, which
is expected to enhance value realisation by ~12x compared to NIPA. This advancement is
anticipated to drive substantial top-line growth and improve gross margins.
Figure 10 - Bluejet healthcare is moving up the value chain in contrast media segment
18 February 2025 72
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
The global contrast media market, valued at about US$5.9 billion in FY23, is expected
to deliver a 6-7% CAGR over FY23-26E as per the company's DRHP filing. The market is
primarily segmented into iodinated contrast media (74%), used for X-ray and CT imaging,
and gadolinium-based contrast media (24%), used for MRI imaging. A smaller portion (2%)
comprises micro bubble-based agents used in ultrasound imaging.
The industry is highly concentrated, with four major players - GE Healthcare (~27%), Bracco
(~20%), Bayer (~17%), and Guerbet (~11%) - holding over 75% of the market share. These
companies benefit from long-term contracts and strong relationships with diagnostic
equipment manufacturers, ensuring their dominance.
Despite a temporary decline post-COVID-19 due to supply chain disruptions, the market has
returned to pre-pandemic levels, driven by increasing imaging procedures, advancements in
diagnostic techniques, and an ageing global population .
18 February 2025 73
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 12 - Iodinated contrast media agents lead Figure 13 - Innovator market share in Contrast
the market Media Agent Market
Microbubble, GE
Others
(Ultra-sound agents), 2% Healthcare
25%
Iodinated, 27%
(Xray/CT contrast
agents), 74%
Gadolinium,
(MRI contrast
agents), 24%
Guerbet
11%
Bracco
20%
Bayer
17%
Source: IMS IQVIA, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: IMS IQVIA, Macquarie Research, February 2025
Figure 14 - Estimated market share of Iodinated Figure 15 - Estimated market share of Gadolinium
contrast media products based Contrast media products
Others
Others Gadodiamide
Iobitridol
Gadopentetic acid
Iopromide
Gadoxetic acid
Ioversol
Iodixanol
Iopamidol Gadobutrol
Source: IMS IQVIA, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: IMS IQVIA, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 74
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Blue Jet’s pharma intermediates and APIs division collaborates with both innovator and
generic pharmaceutical companies to supply intermediates for new chemical entities
(NCEs) and APIs for chronic therapeutic areas. As of 1HFY24, the company’s portfolio
encompassed 20 products, of which 8 were part of the CDMO model. As of 1HFY24,
Blue Jet had established relationships with over 40 clients in India and 16 international
customers across the US, EU, South America, and Asia. Its customer base includes Hovione
Farmaciência, Olon SpA, Esperion Therapeutics, and Bial-Portela & CA.
Looking ahead, Blue Jet has secured 3-4 significant contracts, including TosMIC and Vanillic
Acid, which could serve as a turning point for this segment. We expect the full revenue
impact from these agreements to materialise in the medium term, potentially driving a 15x
growth in this segment’s revenue between FY2024-30E.
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
FY24A FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 75
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
The company supplies TosMIC, a critical intermediate for Bempedoic acid, a novel non-statin
cholesterol-lowering drug, and has recently expanded its capacity by 120kL. Currently, the
company is the primary supplier of this intermediate to Esperion. Additionally, the company
has secured supply contracts with prominent Indian pharmaceutical companies, including Dr.
Reddy’s (DRRD IN, Outperform), Sun Pharma (SUNP IN, Outperform), and Aurobindo Pharma
(ARBP IN, Outperform). We anticipate that the ramp-up in TosMIC supply will be a primary
driver of top-line growth in the Pharma intermediate/API segment.
We project that intermediate supplies will increase c.4x by FY30E from the FY25E base.
This projection is conservative, considering that a) end product sales are expected to grow
6-7x, and b) the intermediate requirement factor is ~1.2x, meaning about 1.2 tonnes of
intermediate is needed to manufacture 1 tonne of the final API. Our revenue expectations
from the product intermediate supply translate to a capacity requirement of over 300
tonnes by FY30E for Bluejet. We believe the current capacity is approximately 200 tonnes,
and the company can further increase capacity through de-bottlenecking and yield
improvement.
Figure 18 - Our estimates for Bempedoic acid Figure 19 - Our estimates for implied revenue
revenue from FY25 to FY30 (in Rs mn) capacity for Bempedoic acid from FY25E to FY30E
14,000 350
12,000 300
10,000 250
8,000 200
6,000 150
4,000 100
2,000 50
0 0
FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
Esperion has been marketing Bempedoic acid under the brands ‘Nexletol’ and ‘Nexlizet’ since
CY2020. Nexletol is a pure Bempedoic acid formulation, while Nexlizet is a combination
therapy with Ezetimibe. Esperion markets the drug independently in the US, while Daiichi
Sankyo (4568 JP, Outperform) handles the marketing in Europe, and Otsuka Pharma (not
rated) does so in Japan. Esperion recognises sales directly from the US market and receives
royalties and milestone payments from its partnered geographies.
Esperion's recent label expansion in the US and EU markets has increased the total
addressable patient pool from 10 million to 70 million. US prescriptions are growing at a
double-digit rate quarter-over-quarter. Our revenue estimates for Bluejet's intermediate
supply are based on the expected revenue growth for the innovator.
Bempedoic acid inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver, making it an essential therapy
for statin-intolerant patients. Given the size of the statin market and the unmet needs
among statin-intolerant patients, the successful commercialization of Bempedoic acid could
significantly enhance Bluejet’s growth trajectory.
18 February 2025 76
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Figure 20 - Sales projection for Bempedoic acid in Figure 21 - Royalty revenue projection (Ex-US
US markets)
Nexletol/ Nexlizet US sales (US$mn) Nexletol/ Nexlizet Ex-US royalty revneue (US$mn)
700 140
600 120
500 100
400 80
300 60
200 40
100 20
0 0
CY23 CY24e CY25e CY26e CY27e CY28e CY29e CY30e CY23 CY24e CY25e CY26e CY27e CY28e CY29e CY30e
Source: Visible Alpha, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Visible Alpha, Macquarie Research, February 2025
Blue Jet has successfully established strategic partnerships for high intensity sweetners
with several major FMCG companies, including Colgate-Palmolive (not rated) and Coca-Cola
(not rated). The company currently has 4 commercialised high-intensity sweeteners in its
portfolio. We expect an 8% CAGR for its high-intensity sweetener business over FY24 and
FY27E.
Figure 22 - Blue Jet's High intensity sweetners Figure 23 - Blue Jet High-intensity sweetener
segment estimated revenue (in Rs mn) portfolio
2,000
Electroplating industries as nickel
1 Saccharin Insoluble Artificial sweetener
brightener
1,500
0
FY24A FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E 4 Calcium Saccharin Pharma excipient Pharma excipient
18 February 2025 77
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
18 February 2025 78
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
We build in a strong top-line CAGR (FY24-30e) of 26% for overall business. Given the
majority of top-line growth will be driven by new projects, we believe it will help improve
grow margins and bring meaningful operating leverage benefits. Hence, we expect the
company's EBITDA to be ~5x by FY30E on FY24 base. Similarly, we expect the company's
PAT to grow >5x by FY30E on FY24 base. Along with improvement in profitability we also
expect ROIC to improve from ~30% in FY24 to around 50% in FY30E.
Figure 24 - Blue Jet's Revenue (in Rs mn) Figure 25 - Blue Jet- EBITDA and EBITDA margin
40%
10,000
25,000 35%
8,000 30%
20,000
25%
6,000
20%
15,000
4,000 15%
10,000 10%
2,000
5%
5,000 0 0%
FY24A FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
Figure 26 - Blue Jet- PAT and PAT margin Figure 27 - Blue Jet ROIC
6,000 40%
20%
5,000
15% 30%
4,000
3,000 10%
2,000 20%
5%
1,000
0 0% 10%
FY24A FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company Reports, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 79
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Valuation
The stock is currently trading at approximately 20x EV/EBITDA based on our FY27E EBITDA
estimates, which is largely in line with domestic peer average. We have valued the stock
at 26x EV/EBITDA on our FY27E EBITDA to arrive at our target price of Rs1,000 which is
also supported by our DCF analysis. Considering the strong earnings prospects in the near
term, we believe that slight premium to industry average EV/EBITDA multiple is justified. Our
Blue Jet Healthcare FY26/27E earnings estimates are 4% and 20% higher than Bloomberg
consensus estimates.
Figure 28 - Our FY26 and FY27 estimates are meaningfully above consensus
estimates
EPS MQ estimates Consensus estimates % difference
FY26e 23 22 4%
FY27e 29 24 20%
Overall Average 41 35 25 26 19 16
Priced as at close 17 February 2025. We use our own estimates for Indian CDMOs and Samsung Bio. We use median for EBITDA CAGR, EPS CAGR and ROIC.
18 February 2025 80
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Appendix
Blue Jet Healthcare is a prominent player in the pharmaceutical industry, specialising in the
development, manufacturing, and supply of high-quality pharmaceutical intermediates and
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). The company is known for its strong emphasis on
innovation, quality, and customer satisfaction, making it a trusted partner for many leading
pharmaceutical companies globally.
• 1968: Established as Jet Chemicals Private Limited in Shahad (Unit I) by the late Shri B.L.
Arora.
• 1970: Began manufacturing saccharin and its salts, which are high-intensity sweeteners.
• 2000: Commenced the manufacturing of pharma intermediates and API.
• 2002: Entered the X-ray contrast media sector, with a basic building block (5-NIPA).
• 2003: Established Blue Circle Organics Private Limited (at Unit II, Ambernath facility).
• 2017: Commenced semi-automated manufacturing block for our contrast media
intermediate business.
• 2019: Received US-FDA Establishment Inspection Report of Blue Circle Organics Private
Limited for Unit II.
• 2019: As part of our corporate restructuring strategy, a merger between Blue Circle
Organics Private Limited and Jet Chemicals Private Limited was undertaken to form Blue
Jet Healthcare Private Limited.
• 2020: Acquisition of a brownfield site in Mahad on a leasehold basis (Unit III).
• 2021: Acquisition of a greenfield site in Ambernath on a leasehold basis (Unit IV).
• 2023: Supply of Pharmaceutical Intermediates to an innovator and Company got listed on
NSE and BSE.
Manufacturing facilities
18 February 2025 81
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Public
14%
Promoter &
Promoter Group
86%
18 February 2025 82
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
The Macquarie Quant’s flagship Alpha model is a dynamic MOMENTUM 99% 96% Price Momentum
multi-factor model based on a staple of quant factors such GROWTH 78% 87% EPS, Sales (Forecast, Historic)
as value, momentum, revisions, quality, and risk.
PROFITABILITY 96% 92% ROE, Margin, Asset Turnover
Global Market (Country) Sector
Pharma, Biotech QUALITY 94% 94% Accruals, Earn Stability, Cash Conversion
Whole Universe India
& Life Sciences CAPITAL 92% 89% Investment/Capex, Net share issuance
Macquarie Alpha
189/17780 21/1021 7/1224 LIQUIDITY 96% 92% Size, Turnover, Analyst Coverage
Model
Suven Pharmaceutical…
50%
Jubilant Pharmova
Jubilant Pharmova
MOMENTUM -1% 4% 2% 1% -23% 3% -2% 9% 2% 0% 3% -6% 4% 2%
Eris Lifesciences
GROWTH 0% 5% 2% -1% 0% -2% 0% 1% -2% 0% 2% 5% -1% 0%
Syngene Internationa…
PROFITABILITY 1% 4% 0% -3% -3% 3% -2% 1% 1% 1% -1% -1% -6% -2%
Solara Active Pharma…
QUALITY 1% 4% 1% -1% -1% 0% -4% 1% 1% 2% 0% 1% -2% 0%
Source (all charts): FactSet, Refinitiv, and Macquarie Quant. For more details on the Macquarie Alpha model or for more customised analysis and screens, please contact the Macquarie Global
Quantitative Team: [email protected]. Explanation for items on this page can be found at https://www.macquarieinsights.com/rp/d/r/p/OTUyMzg1
18 February 2025 83
Macquarie Equity Research
18 February 2025
Healthcare
Catalysts: 4QFY25 results, improving biotech funding, re-introduction of SYNG IN rel BSE Sensex
the US Biosecure Act, Incremental RFP momentum. performance, & rec history
18 February 2025 84
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
• Adverse regulatory outcome at manufacturing facility Syngene is a contract research, development, and
• Loss of dedicated research centre partner manufacturing services company, offering a wide range of
scientific services, from discovery to commercial supply. With
• Delay in biotech funding recovery
over 5,600 skilled scientists and advanced technology, it is a
preferred partner for biopharmaceutical companies. While
focusing on pharmaceuticals, Syngene also collaborates with
firms in nutrition, animal health, consumer products, and
specialty chemicals, serving around 400 clients, mainly in the
US, Europe, and the UK.
Figure 1 - Syngene - Revenue (in Rs mn) Figure 2 - Syngene - PAT (in Rs mn)
80,000 20,000
70,000
60,000 15,000
50,000
40,000 10,000
30,000
20,000 5,000
10,000
0 0
FY24A FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E FY24A FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
Source: Company, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 85
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Syngene has developed its Well positioned to capitalise on secular growth tailwinds
capabilities across both small
and large molecules
We believe Syngene has created the right mix of capabilities to meaningfully benefit from:
1) the secular growth tailwinds from India's growing appeal as a sourcing hub, 2) the rising
preference for integrated service providers, 3) increased demand for biologics CDMO
services, 4) the impact of the US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), and 5) supply chain de-risking
by major pharmaceutical innovators. The company has graduated from being a contract
research organisation (CRO) to an integrated contract development and manufacturing
organisation (CDMO) with capabilities across the entire spectrum of pharmaceutical
drug development, including small molecules, biologics, antibody drug conjugates and
oligonucleotides.
Others
3%
Dedicated
R&D centers
Development
24%
and
Manufacturing
services
40%
Discovery
services
33%
Source: Company, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company, Macquarie Research, February 2025
Business models
Syngene offers multiple collaboration options to provide flexibility and customisation based
on client needs. These collaboration models include:
• Fee for Service (FFS)
Þ Agreed services are delivered within a defined scope.
Þ Engagements can be short term or long term.
• Dedicated R&D Centres
Þ Clients receive customised, ring-fenced infrastructure.
Þ Dedicated scientific and support teams work exclusively on the client’s projects.
Þ Typically structured as long-term strategic alliances extending for five years or more.
• Outcome-based Model with Service Level Agreement
Þ Contracts are based on achieving a defined outcome.
Þ Engagement is linked to productivity goals.
• Full-time Equivalent (FTE) Model
Þ A predefined number of scientific personnel from specified disciplines work full-time
on client projects.
Þ Deliverables and team composition evolve as the project progresses.
Þ Agreements are usually renewed annually.
• Risk/Reward Model
Þ A milestone-based approach covering a portfolio of research projects.
Þ Clients benefit from reduced upfront payments in exchange for milestone-based
payments tied to pre-agreed success criteria.
18 February 2025 86
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Innovator pharma companies face downside risks to their profitability from increasing drug
pricing pressure by payors and regulatory changes such as in the Inflation Reduction Act.
Hence, these companies are increasingly adopting outsourcing of research, development
as well as manufacturing activities to CRDMO (contract research, development and
manufacturing organisation) partners. Frost & Sullivan has valued the global CRDMO market
at ~US$197bn in 2023 and expects it to reach US$300+bn by 2028, a 9% market size CAGR.
We expect Indian CRDMO companies to expand faster at ~14% revenue CAGR from 2023 to
2028E. With capabilities across both small and large biologic molecules, we expect Syngene
to be a primary beneficiary of this accelerated growth.
Figure 5 - Global CRDMO Industry, 2018-2028F (in Figure 6 - Global CRDMO Industry by Function,
USD bn) 2018-2028F (in USD bn)
350 350
300 20
300 18
250
250 200 13
144
10
150
200 9 89
6
100
51
150 50 121
84
61
0
100
2018 2023 2028F
Commercial Manufacturing Clinical Development
50 and Supplies
Preclinical Development Discovery
0
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2028F Source: Frost & Sullivan, February 2025
Figure 7 - Indian CDMO sector to expand at 14% Figure 8 - India CRDMO industry by functions,
CAGR (2023-28F) 2018-2028F (in USD bn)
16
Indian CDMO sector (US$bn)
16
14 0.8
0.6
14
12
12
10 5.0
10
8
0.5
8 0.3
6
0.3 2.5
6
4 0.2 7.7
4 1.3
2 4.0
2 2.3
0
0 2018 2023 2028F
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024F2025F2026F2027F2028F Commercial Manufacturing Clinical Development
Preclinical Development Discovery
Source: Frost & Sullivan, February 2025
Source: Frost & Sullivan, February 2025
18 February 2025 87
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
FY24A FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
Syngene's Manufacturing Services complement its integrated approach for both small and
large molecule projects.
• Small molecules: It offers comprehensive solutions, including process development, non-
GMP supplies, and clinical and commercial supplies. Its state-of-the-art small molecule
commercial manufacturing facility in Mangaluru, India, is US FDA approved, providing
cGMP manufacturing from benchtop volume to commercial scale. This includes end-to-
end solutions from GLP-Tox batches to clinical supplies, scale-up, launch, and commercial
manufacturing, making Syngene a preferred partner for clients seeking reliable and
comprehensive manufacturing services.
• Large molecules: The company is a fully integrated custom biomanufacturer, offering
mammalian and microbial capabilities for clinical and commercial supplies. It has extensive
expertise in monoclonal antibodies, bispecifics, antibody fragments, recombinant
proteins, glycoproteins, mRNA, microbial (E. coli and Pichia), and microbiome Live
Biotherapeutic Products (LBP). Its biologics manufacturing facility supports multi-product
18 February 2025 88
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Syngene's discovery services revenue has remained flat in the last couple of years
(FY23-25E) primarily due to weakness in the biotech funding environment. We expect
discovery segment top-line growth to bounce back driven by improving biotech funding
environment and supply chain de-risking owing to geopolitical events. Hence, we build in
discovery segment revenue to expand at a ~13% CAGR over FY24-30E.
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
FY24A FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
Biotech funding especially VC Improving biotech funding to drive growth acceleration in the business
funding is improving
After a sluggish couple of years of biotech funding in the US, it is back on the growth path.
Overall US biotech funding in 2024 was up 34% YoY. Importantly, Venture capital funding
has also grown 12% YoY in 2024 YTD. This should help with recovery in discovery services
projects for the company. The pandemic-era surge in biotechnology funding (2020/21) led to
increased outsourcing of research projects. However, macro-economic changes normalised
these levels, slowing early-stage research outsourcing in 2024. This cyclical trend reflects
historical patterns, with biotechnology funding in 2023 comparable to pre-pandemic 2019
levels. Despite challenges in 2022/23, 1Q2024 funding was the highest in 14 quarters, akin
to 2020/21 levels. The long-term growth suggests biotechnology remains a promising
investment, with accelerated growth over the past decade.
18 February 2025 89
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Japan, 3% India, 2%
Others, 6%
Europe, 21%
USA, 68%
18 February 2025 90
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
7,000 5,000
6,000 4,000
5,000
3,000
4,000
2,000
3,000
2,000 1,000
1,000
0
0 FY19A FY20A FY21A FY22A FY23A FY24A
FY19A FY20A FY21A FY22A FY23A FY24A
Source: Company, Macquarie Research, February 2025
Source: Company, Macquarie Research, February 2025
Syngene has expanded its biologics discovery platform with the creation of its first
proprietary naive camelid antibody library and launched the Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
(iPSCs) platform for better efficacy predictions in human clinical trials. Additional chemistry
laboratories and local operations for assay biology and in vitro DMPK were established on
the Hyderabad campus, enhancing cross-functional collaboration and reducing turnaround
time. A centralised compound management facility was also commissioned in Hyderabad.
New in vivo models for collagen-induced arthritis and cystitis were validated, and the drug
metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) team developed sensitive bioanalytical methods
for measuring antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and their metabolites, supporting regulatory
submissions.
18 February 2025 91
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
FY24A FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
Syngene Amgen Research & Development Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research &
Research Center Name Baxter Global Research Center (BGRC)
Center (SARC) Development Center (BBRC)
Location Bangalore, India India India
Relationship Start Year 2012 2013 1998
Dedicated Center Established 2016 2013 2007
Number of Scientists Not specified Started with 70, now over 200 Growth in FTEs noted
Drug discovery, discovery chemistry, biology,
Product and analytical development, pre- Research and early development projects,
peptide chemistry, antibody and protein
Key Focus Areas clinical evaluations in parenteral nutrition and translational medicine, incorporation of good
reagents, pharmacokinetics, drug metabolism,
renal therapy, oncology research clinical practices in laboratories
pharmaceutical development
Added a dedicated kilo lab in FY24 to Expanded nitrosamine testing capabilities, Consolidated translational medicine
Notable exapnsions
accelerate early development initiated oncology projects capabilities, expanded lab infrastructure
18 February 2025 92
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
We expect Syngene's EBITDA margin to expand by 300-500bps over the next 3-5 years,
compared to FY24 EBITDA margin of 29%, driven by: a) a strategic shift in the business mix
towards the development and manufacturing segments, b) enhanced operating leverage
resulting from higher capacity utilisation at the Mangaluru API and biologics plants, and
c) to a lesser extent, improvements in employee productivity. We believe improvement in
profitability would also drive improvement in return ratios, with ROE increasing to ~28% by
FY30E from 13% in FY24.
Figure 19 - Syngene - EBITDA and EBITDA margin Figure 20 - Syngene- ROCE and ROIC
Figure 21 - Syngene - revenue mix (FY24-30E) Figure 22 - Syngene - Revenue contribution per
scientist (in Rs mn)
90,000
80,000
7,000 7.0
70,000
6,000 6.0
60,000
50,000 5,000 5.0
40,000 4,000 4.0
30,000
3,000 3.0
20,000
10,000 2,000 2.0
0 1,000 1.0
FY24A FY25E FY26E FY27E FY28E FY29E FY30E
0 0.0
Discovery services Development and FY19A FY20A FY21A FY22A FY23A FY24A
manufacturing services
Dedicated service center Other income No of Scientists- LHS Revenue per
scientist- RHS
Discovery + Dedicated
Source: Company, Macquarie Research, February 2025 revenue per scientist- RHS
18 February 2025 93
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Valuation is attractive
The stock is currently trading at an EV/EBITDA multiple of 19x based on our FY27E EBITDA
estimates. This represents a modest discount to sector average FY27e EV/EBITDA multiple
of ~20x. We value the stock at 22x EV/EBITDA on FY27E EBITDA to arrive at our TP of
Rs835 which is also supported by DCF analysis.
Overall Average 41 35 25 26 19 16
Priced as at close 17 February 2025. We use our own estimates for Indian CDMOs and Samsung Bio. We use median for EBITDA CAGR, EPS CAGR and ROIC.
Slowdown in biotech funding: Syngene derives the majority of its revenue from providing
services to small- and medium-size biotech companies. Hence, any slowdown in biotech
funding could stunt growth.
Adverse drug pricing in US: Government policies to reduce drug prices could impact
investment in biotech sector adversely and in turn slow growth for Syngene.
Plant-related issues: Any adverse GMP inspection outcome could drive slower growth for
the company.
18 February 2025 94
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Appendix
Company description
Master's
Degree
24%
Public Promoter &
47% Promoter
Group
52%
PhDs
68%
Source: Company, Macquarie Research, February 2025 Source: Company, Macquarie Research, February 2025
18 February 2025 95
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
• 2023: Acquired a biologics manufacturing facility from Stelis Biopharma, adding 20,000
liters of biologics capacity.
2024
• Expanded capabilities in mRNA manufacturing and GMP plasmid DNA production.
• Commissioned a digitally-enabled quality control laboratory.
• Acquired 17 acres of land in Genome Valley, Hyderabad, for future growth.
• Strengthened integrated drug discovery and biologics service offerings.
18 February 2025 96
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
The Macquarie Quant’s flagship Alpha model is a dynamic ANALYST 37% 44% Revisions (Earnings, Recommendations)
multi-factor model based on a staple of quant factors such MOMENTUM 75% 55% Price Momentum
as value, momentum, revisions, quality, and risk.
GROWTH 31% 28% EPS, Sales (Forecast, Historic)
Global Market (Country) Sector
PROFITABILITY 81% 69% ROE, Margin, Asset Turnover
Pharma, Biotech
Whole Universe India
& Life Sciences QUALITY 89% 82% Accruals, Earn Stability, Cash Conversion
Macquarie Alpha
8716/17780 460/1021 401/1224 CAPITAL 85% 72% Investment/Capex, Net share issuance
Model
LIQUIDITY 79% 69% Size, Turnover, Analyst Coverage
Fundamental
7846/17780 512/1021 621/1224
(Consensus) *
LOW RISK 76% 90% Beta, Volatility, Earn.Cert, Leverage
Current and Historical Alpha Model Rank Factors driving the Alpha Model vs peers
The chart shows the Macquarie Alpha model market ranking For the comparable firms this chart shows the key underlying
against the company’s peers and over recent history. styles and their contribution to the current overall raw Alpha
score.
100%
Most Attractive
75% Strides Pharma Scien…
Aurobindo Pharma
50%
Jubilant Pharmova
0% Eris Lifesciences
Syngene Eris Ipca Alkem Jubilant Aurobindo Strides
Internationa Lifesciences Laboratorie Laboratorie Pharmova Pharma Pharma
Syngene Internationa…
… s s Scien…
Last 5 Last 10
Jan - Dec - Nov - Oct - Sep - Aug - Jul - Jun - May - Apr - Mar - Feb - Years Years
Asia Ex JP
25 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 (ann) (ann)
Strides Pharma Scien…
Eris Lifesciences
GROWTH 0% 5% 2% -1% 0% -2% 0% 1% -2% 0% 2% 5% -1% 0%
Syngene Internationa…
PROFITABILITY 1% 4% 0% -3% -3% 3% -2% 1% 1% 1% -1% -1% -6% -2%
Source (all charts): FactSet, Refinitiv, and Macquarie Quant. For more details on the Macquarie Alpha model or for more customised analysis and screens, please contact the Macquarie Global
Quantitative Team: [email protected]. Explanation for items on this page can be found at https://www.macquarieinsights.com/rp/d/r/p/OTUyMzg1
18 February 2025 97
Macquarie Equity Research Indian CRDMO
Analysts
Jun Choi
822 3705 8689
[email protected]
Macquarie Securities Korea Limited
Important Disclosures
Recommendation definitions Volatility index definition Financial definitions
Macquarie – Asia and USA This is calculated from the volatility of historical price All "Adjusted" data items have had the following
Outperform – expected return >10% movements. adjustments made:
Neutral – expected return from -10% to +10% Added back: goodwill amortisation, provision for
Very high – highest risk – Stock should be expected to
Underperform – expected return <-10% catastrophe reserves, IFRS derivatives & hedging, IFRS
move up or down 60–100% in a year – investors should be
impairments & IFRS interest expense
Macquarie – Australia/New Zealand aware this stock is highly speculative.
Excluded: non recurring items, asset revals, property revals,
Outperform – expected return >10%
High – stock should be expected to move up or down at appraisal value uplift, preference dividends & minority
Neutral – expected return from 0% to 10%
least 40–60% in a year – investors should be aware this interests
Underperform – expected return <0%
stock could be speculative.
EPS = adjusted net profit / efpowa*
During periods of share price volatility,
Medium – stock should be expected to move up or down ROA = adjusted ebit / average total assets
recommendations and target prices may
at least 25–40% in a year. ROA Banks/Insurance = adjusted net profit /average
occasionally and temporarily be inconsistent
Low – stock should be expected to move up or down at total assets
with the above definitions.
least 15–25% in a year. ROE = adjusted net profit / average shareholders funds
Recommendations – 12 months Gross cashflow = adjusted net profit + depreciation
* Applicable to select stocks in Asia/Australia/NZ
12-month target – Expected share price *equivalent fully paid ordinary weighted average number of
in 12 months Note: expected return is reflective of a Medium Volatility shares
Valuation – The company's estimated stock and should be assumed to adjust proportionately
with volatility risk All Reported numbers for Australian/NZ listed stocks are
fair value share price based on the disclosed
modelled under IFRS (International Financial Reporting
valuation methodology
Standards).
Note: Quant recommendations may differ
from Fundamental Analyst recommendations
Neutral 34.17% 22.25% 30.19% (for global coverage by Macquarie, 1.35% of stocks followed are investment banking clients)
Underperform 6.12% 12.57% 2.83% (for global coverage by Macquarie, 0.00% of stocks followed are investment banking clients)
Company-Specific Disclosures
Suven None
Pharmaceuticals (SUVENPHA IN)
Outperform
12-month target: INR1,500 - EV/EBITDA
Valuation: INR 1,500.00 - DCF
Price: INR1,088
www.macquarie.com/research/disclosures. Clients receiving this report can additionally access previous recommendations (from the year prior to publication of this report)
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