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Class 12 - Applied Maths

Sample Paper - 02 (2024-25)

Maximum Marks: 80
Time Allowed: : 3 hours

General Instructions:

Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them:

i. This Question paper contains 38 questions. All questions are compulsory.

ii. This Question paper is divided into five Sections - A, B, C, D and E.
iii. In Section A, Questions no. 1 to 18 are multiple choice questions (MCQs) and Questions no. 19 and 20 are Assertion-
Reason based questions of 1 mark each.
iv. In Section B, Questions no. 21 to 25 are Very Short Answer (VSA)-type questions, carrying 2 marks each.
v. In Section C, Questions no. 26 to 31 are Short Answer (SA)-type questions, carrying 3 marks each.
vi. In Section D, Questions no. 32 to 35 are Long Answer (LA)-type questions, carrying 5 marks each.
vii. In Section E, Questions no. 36 to 38 are case study-based questions carrying 4 marks each.
viii. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in 2 questions in Section B, 2 questions in Section
C, 2 questions in Section D and one sub-part each in 2 questions of Section E.
ix. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Section A

cosα −sinα
1. If A = [ ] , and A + A' = 1, then the value of α is:
sinα cosα

a) π

b) π
c)
3π

d)
π

2. A specific characteristic of a sample is known as a

a) parameter
b) variance
c) statistic
d) population

3. A person invested ₹180000 in a mutual fund in year 2016. If the value of mutual fund increased to ₹ 225000 in year
2020, then compound annual growth rate of his investment is [use (1.25)1/4 = 1.057)

a) 57%
b) 10.57%
c) 5.7%
d) 57.57%

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4. Corner points of the feasible region for an LPP are: (0, 2), (3, 0), (6, 0), (6, 8) and (0, 5). Let z = 4x + 6y the objective
function. The minimum value of z occurs at

a) any point on the line segment joining the points (0, 2) and (3, 0)
b) the mid-point of the line segment joining the points (0, 2) and (3, 0) only
c) (3, 0) only
d) (0, 2) only

4 1 1 0
5. If A = [ ] and I = [ ] , then A2 - 6A is equal to
3 2 0 1

a) -5I
b) 3I
c) 3I
d) 5I

6. In a binomial distribution, the probability of getting success is 1

4
and standard deviation is 3. Then, its mean is

a) 10
b) 6
c) 8
d) 12

7. Let X represent the difference between the number of heads and the number of tails obtained when a coin is tossed 6
times. Then the possible values of X are

a) 1, 3, 4, 5
b) 0, 1, 3, 5
c) 0, 2, 5, 6
d) 0, 2, 4, 6
2 2 2
d y dy d y
8. The degree of the differential equation dx
2
+ 3(
dx
) =x
2
log(
dx
2
) is

a) 1
b) 3
c) 2
d) not defined

9. In a game of 100 points, A can give B 10 points and C 18 points. Then, B can give C:

a) 55 : 25
b) 45 : 41
c) 35 : 41
d) 35 : 12

10. If a matrix A is such that 3A3 + 2A2 + 5A + I = 0, then A-1 is equal to

a) 3A2 + 2A + 5
b) -(3A2 + 2A + 5)
c) none of these

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d) 3A2 - 2A - 5

11. A milkman mixed some water with milk to gain 25% by selling the mixture at the cost price. The ratio of water and milk
respectively is:

a) 1 : 5
b) 5 : 4
c) 4 : 5
d) 1 : 4

12. The length of rectangle is double the breadth. If the minimum perimeter of the rectangle is 120 cm, then

a) breadth ≥ 20 cm
b) breadth > 20 cm
c) breadth ≤ 20 cm
d) breadth < 20 cm

13. If a boat goes 7 km upstream in 42 minutes and the speed of the stream is 3 km/hr, then the speed of the boat in still
water is

a) 13 km/hr
b) 9 km/hr
c) 4.2 km/hr
d) 21 km/hr

14. If the objective function for an L.P.P. is Z = 3x + 4y and the comer points for unbounded feasible region are (9, 0), (4, 3),
(2, 5) and (0, 8), then the minimum value of Z occurs at

a) (4, 3)
b) (9, 0)
c) (2, 5)
d) (0, 8)

15. Corner points of the feasible region determined by the system of linear constraints (0, 3), (1, 1) and (3, 0). Let z = px +
qy, where p, q > 0 . Condition on p and q so that the minimum of z occurs at (3, 0) and (1, 1) is

a) p = 3q
b) p = 2q
c) p = q
d) 2p = q

16. A specific characteristic of a population is known as a

a) a sample
b) statistic
c) mean
d) parameter

17. If the marginal revenue function of a commodity is MR = 2x - 9x2, then the revenue function is

a) 2 - 18x

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b) x2 - 3x3
c) 2x2 - 9x3
d) 18 + x2 - 3x3

18. For the given values 15, 23, 28, 36, 41, 46, the 3-yearly moving averages are:

a) 22, 29, 35, 41

b) 24, 29, 35, 41
c) 24, 28, 35, 41
d) 22, 28, 35, 41

1 0 1
⎡ ⎤

19. Assertion (A): If A = ⎢ 0 1 2⎥ , then |3A| = 27|A|

⎣ ⎦
0 0 4

Reason (R): If A is a square matrix of order n, then |kA| = kn |A|.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.

20. Let a, b ∈ R be such that the function f given by f(x) = x3 + ax2 + bx - 1, x ∈ R has extreme values at x = − 2

3
and x = 2.
Assertion (A): f has local maxima at x = − and local minima at x = 2.
2

Reason (R): a = -2, b = 4.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
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Section B

21. Mr Sharma borrowed ₹1000000 from a bank to purchase a house and decided to repay the loan by equal monthly
installments in 10 years. If bank charges interest at 9% p.a. compounded monthly, calculate the EMI. (Given (1.0075)120
= 2.4514)

OR

Ram purchased a laptop worth ₹80000. He paid ₹20,000 as cash down and balance in equal monthly installments in 2
years. If bank charges 9.% p.a. compounded monthly. Calculate the EMI [Given (1.0075)24 = 1.1964]

22. Calculate five yearly moving averages of the number of students who have studied in a school given below:

Year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

No. of students 442 427 467 502 512 515 520 527 515 541

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4

23. Evaluate ∫ (|x − 2| + |x − 3| + |x − 4|)dx

2

24. If A, B are skew-symmetric matrices of the same order, prove that AB is symmetric iff A and B commute.

OR

Using the properties of determinants, prove that

2
∣ Ax x 1∣ ∣ A B C ∣
∣ ∣
2 ∣ ∣
∣ By y 1∣ = x y z
∣ ∣
∣ ∣
2
∣ Cz z 1∣ ∣ yz zx xy ∣

25. Find the last digit of 1717.

Section C

26. The cost of a washing machine depreciates by ₹720 during the second year and by ₹648 during the third year. Calculate:

i. the rate of depreciation per annum.

ii. the original cost of the machine.
iii. the value of the machine at the end of third year.

27. The rate of increase in the number of bacteria in a certain bacteria culture is proportional to the number present. Given
the number triples in 5 hrs, find how many bacteria will be present after 10 hours. Also, find the time necessary for the
number of bacteria to be 10 times the number of the initial present. [Given loge 3 = 1.0986, e2.1972 = 9]

OR

It is known that, if the interest is compounded continuously, the principal changes at the rate equal to the product of the
rate of bank interest per annum and the principal.

i. If the interest is compounded continuously at 5% per annum, in how many years will ₹ 100 double itself?
ii. At what interest rate will ₹ 100 double itself in 10 years ?(loge 2 = 0.6931)

iii. How much will ₹ 1000 be worth at 5% interest after 10 years? (e0.5 = 1.648)

28. A tyre manufacturer estimates that x (thousand) radial tyres will be purchased i.e. demanded by wholesalers when price
2

is p = D(x) = 90 - x

10
thousand rupees per tyre and the same number of tyres will be supplied when the price is p = S(x)
= + x + 50 thousand rupee per tyre.
1 2
x
5

i. Find the equilibrium price and the quantity supplied and demanded at that price.
ii. Determine the consumer's and producer's surplus at the equilibrium price.

29. Following table shows the data on energy consumption and expenditure at Badarpur Thermal Power Station in Delhi
region. Construct an aggregative price index for the energy expenditure in year 2015 using Marshall-Edgeworth's index
number.

Sector Quantity (Weights) Unit price (₹/kWh)

Year 1987 Year 2015 Year 1987 Year 2015

Commercial 5416 6015 1.97 10.92

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Residential 15293 20262 2.32 6.16

Industrial 21287 17832 0.79 5.13

Agriculture 9473 8804 2.25 8.10

30. A random sample of 17 values from a normal population has a mean of 105 cm and the sum of the squares of deviations
from this mean is 1225 cm2. Is the assumption of a mean of 110 cm for the normal population reasonable? Test under 5%
and 1% levels of significance. Also, obtain the 95% and 99% confidence limits. (Given t16 (0.05) = 2.12 and t16 (0.01) =
2.921)

31. A coin is tossed 5 times. What is the probability that tail appears an odd number of times?

OR

Five bad oranges are accidentally mixed with 20 good ones. If four oranges are drawn one by one successively with
replacement, then find the probability distribution of a number of bad oranges drawn. Hence, find the mean and variance
of the distribution.

Section D

32. A cooperative society of farmers has 50 hectare of land to grow two crops X and Y. The profit from crops X and Y per
hectare are estimated as ₹10,500 and ₹9,000 respectively. To control weeds, a liquid herbicide has to be used for crops X
and Y at rates of 20 litres and 10 litres per hectare. Further, no more than 800 litres of herbicide should be used in order
to protect fish and wildlife using a pond that collects drainage from this land. How much land should be allocated to each
crop so at to maximise the total profit of the society?

OR

A gardener has supply of fertilizer of type I which consists of 10% nitrogen and 6% phosphoric acid and type II fertilizer
which consists of 5% nitrogen and 10% phosphoric acid. After testing the soil conditions, he finds that he needs at least
14 kg of nitrogen and 14 kg of phosphoric acid for his crop. If the type I fertilizer costs 60 paise per kg and type II
fertilizer costs 40 paise per kg, determine how many kilograms of each fertilizer should be used so that nutrient
requirements are met at a minimum cost. What is the minimum cost?

33. Find the mean, variance and standard deviation of the number of heads in a simultaneous toss of three coins.

OR

A student answers 20 true-false types of questions by tossing a fair coin. If the coin fall heads, he answers true and if it
falls tails he answers false. Find the probability that he answers atleast 12 questions correctly.

34. Solve the following system of inequalities graphically:

2x + y ≤ 24, x + y < 11, 2x + 5y ≤ 40, x > 0, y ≥ 0.

35. A piece of machinery costing ₹ 25000 is expected to have a useful life of 4 years and a scrap value of zero. Find the
annual depreciation charge using the sum of the years digits method.

Section E

36. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
An architect designs a building for a multi-national company. The floor consists of a rectangular region with semicircular

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ends having a perimeter of 200 m as shown below:

i. If x and y represents the length and breadth of the rectangular region, then find the relation between the variables. (1)
ii. Find the area of the rectangular region A expressed as a function of x. (1)
iii. Find the maximum value of area A. (2)
OR
The CEO of the multi-national company is interested in maximizing the area of the whole floor including the
semicircular ends. Find the value of x for which the whole area is maximum. (2)

37. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
In year 2000, Mr. Talwar took a home loan of ₹ 30,00,000 from State Bank of India at 7.5 % p.a. compounded monthly
for 20 years.

i. Find the equated monthly instalment paid by Mr. Talwar. (1)

ii. Find the interest paid by Mr. Talwar in 150th payment. (1)
iii. Find the principal paid by Mr. Talwar in 150th payment. (2)
OR
Find the total interest paid by Mr. Talwar. (2)
[Use (1.00625)240 = 4.4608, (1.00625)91 = 1.7629, (1.00625)48 = 1.1187]

38. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Three friends Ravi, Raju and Rohit were doing buying and selling of stationery items in a market. The price of per dozen
of Pen, Notebook and toys are Rupees x, y and z respectively.
Ravi purchases 4 dozens of notebooks and sells 2 dozens of pens and 5 dozens of toys. Raju purchases 2 dozens of toy
and sells 3 dozens of pens and 1 dozen of notebooks. Rohit purchases one dozen of pens and sells 3 dozens of notebooks
and one dozen of toys.
In the process, Ravi, Raju and Rohit earn ₹ 1500, ₹ 100 and ₹400 respectively.

i. What is the price of one dozen of pens? (1)

ii. What is the total price of one dozen of pen and one dozen of notebook? (1)
iii. What is the sale amount of Ravi? (2)
OR
How much is the total amount of purchase made by all three friends? (2)
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Class 12 - Applied Maths

Sample Paper - 02 (2024-25)

Solution

Section A
1. (a)
π

Explanation:

cosα −sinα cosα sinα 1 0

[ ] +[ ] =[ ]
sinα cosα −sinα cosα 0 1

2cosα 0 1 0
[ ] =[ ]
0 2cosα 0 1

2 cosα = 1
cosα = 1

=
π
α
3

2. (c) statistic
Explanation:

statistic

3. (c) 5.7%
Explanation:

5.7%

4. (a) any point on the line segment joining the points (0, 2) and (3, 0)
Explanation:

Here the objective function is given by:

F = 4x + 6y

Corner points Z = 4x + 6y

(0, 2) 12...(Min.)
(3, 0) 12...(Min.)
(6, 0) 24

(6, 8) 72...(Max.)
(0, 5) 30

Hence, it is clear that the minimum value occurs at any point on the line joining the points (0, 2) and (3, 0)

5. (a) -5I
Explanation:

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4 1 4 1 4 1
A2 - 6A = [ ][ ] − 6[ ]
3 2 3 2 3 2

19 6 24 6 −5 0 1 0
= [ ] − [ ] = [ ] = −5 [ ] = -5I
18 7 18 12 0 −5 0 1

∴ Option (-5I) is the correct answer.

6. (d) 12
Explanation:

1 −−−
p = , √npq = 3
4

⇒ q =
3
, npq = 9
4

Mean = np =
9
⇒
q

⇒ Mean = 9×
4

3
= 12

7. (d) 0, 2, 4, 6
Explanation:

Here, n = 6

No. of heads No. of tails X (Difference)

6 0 6
5 1 4

4 2 2
3 3 0
2 4 2

1 5 4
0 6 6

So, the possible values of X are 0. 2, 4, 6.

8. (d) not defined

Explanation:
2 2
d y d y
As the term log ( 2
) is not a polynomial in 2
. So, the degree of the given differential equation is not defined.
dx dx

9. (b) 45 : 41
Explanation:

A : B = 100 : 90
A : C = 100 : 82
= = 45 : 41
B B A 90 100
∴ = ( × ) ×
C A C 100 82

10. (c) none of these

Explanation:

3A3 + 2A2 + 5A + I = 0 By pre-operating by A-1, we get

⇒ 3A-1 A3 + 2A-1 A2 + 5A-1A + A-1I = A-1 0

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⇒ 3A2 + 2A + 5I + A-1 = 0, By making A-1 as the subject, we get

⇒ A-1 = -(3A2 + 2A + 5I)

11. (d) 1 : 4
Explanation:

Cost price of 1 litres of milk = ₹ 100

∴ Mixture sold for ₹ 125

= litres
125 5
=
100 4

∴ Quantity of mixture = 5

4
litres
∴ Quantity of milk = 1 litre
∴ Quantity of water = 5

4
− 1 =
1

4
litre

Required ratio = :1=1:4

1
∴
4

12. (a) breadth ≥ 20 cm

Explanation:

breadth ≥ 20 cm

13. (a) 13 km/hr

Explanation:

Given that, upstream distance = 7 kms

Upstream speed = × 60 = 10 kms
7

42

Speed of the stream = 3 kmph

Let speed in still water = M kmph, then
Upstream speed = M - 3 = 10
⇒ M = 13 kmph

14. (a) (4, 3)

Explanation:

(4, 3)

15. (d) 2p = q
Explanation:

We have Z = px + qy, At (3, 0) Z = 3p ...(i)

At (1, 1) Z = p + q ...(ii)
Therefore, from (i) and (ii):
q
We have: p = 2

2p = q

16. (d) parameter

Explanation:

parameter

17. (b) x2 - 3x3

Explanation:

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Given MR = 2x - 9x2
2
∴ R(x) = ∫ (2x − 9x ) dx

⇒ R(x) = x2 - 3x3 + k
We know that when x = 0, R(x) = 0
⇒ 0 - 0 + k = 0 ⇒ k = 0

∴ R(x) = x2 - 3x3

18. (a) 22, 29, 35, 41

Explanation:

22, 29, 35, 41

19. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:

We know that if A is square matrix of order n, then |kA| = kn |A| (see properties)
∴ Reason is true.
1 0 1
⎡ ⎤

Given A = ⎢ 0 1 2⎥ (Expand by C1)

⎣ ⎦
0 0 4

⇒ |A| = 1(4 - 0) - 0 + 0
⇒ |A| = 4
3 0 3
⎡ ⎤

Now, 3A = ⎢ 0 3 6⎥ (Expand by C1)

⎣ ⎦
0 0 12

⇒ |3A| = 3(36 - 0) - 0 + 0
⇒ |3A| = 108
⇒ |3A| = 27 × 4 ⇒ |3A| = 27|A|
∴ Assertion is true.

Hence, both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

20. (c) A is true but R is false.

Explanation:

Given f(x) = x3 + ax2 + bx - 1, x ∈ R

⇒ f^'x = 3x2 + 2ax + b
Given f has extreme values at x = − 2

3
and x = 2
⇒ f'(− ) = 0 and f'(2) = 0
2

3
2

3 (− + 2a × (− = 0 and 3(2)2 + 2a (2) + b = 0

2 2
⇒ ) ) + b
3 3

⇒
4

3
−
4

3
a + b = 0 and 12 + 4a + b = 0
⇒ 4 - 4a + 3 b = 0 ...(i) 4a + b + 12 = 0 ...(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
4b +16 = 0 ⇒ b = -4
Substituting b = -4 in equation (ii), we get
4a - 4 + 12 = 0 ⇒ a = -2
∴ Reason is false.
Now, f'(x) = 3x2 + 2(-2)x + (-4)

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⇒ f'(x) = 3x2 - 4x - 4
⇒ f"(x) = 6x - 4
Now f"(− 2

3
) = 6 (−
2

3
) -4 = -8 < 0
f has local maxima at x =
2
⇒
3

Also f"(2) = 6 × 2 - 4 = 8 > 0

⇒ f has local maxima at x = 2
∴ Assertion is true.
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Section B

21. Given, P = ₹1000000, i = = 0.0075

9

12×100

and n = 12 × 10 = 120
n 120
P ×i×(1+i) 1000000×0.0075×(1.0075)
So, EMI = n
= 120
(1+i ) −1 (1.0075) −1

= 7500×2.4514

2.4514−1
= 7500×2.4514

1.4514
= 12667.42
Hence EMI = ₹12667.42

OR

Cost of laptop = ₹80,000

Down payment = ₹20,000
∴ Balance = ₹60,000 So, P = ₹60,000,
i= 9

12×100

= 0.0075
n = 2 × 12 = 24
n
P ×i×(1+i)
EMI = n
(1+i ) −1
24
60,000×0.0075×(1.0075)
= 24
(1.0075) −1

60,000×0.0075×1.1964
= 1.1964−1

=
450×1.1964

0.1964

= ₹2741.24

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22. Calculation of 5-year moving averages:

23. Let f(x) = |x - 2| + |x - 3| + |x - 4|.

When 2 ≤ x ≤ 3, x - 2 ≥ 0, x - 3 ≤ 0, x - 4 ≤ 0
⇒ |x - 2| = x - 2, |x - 3| = -(x - 3), |x - 4| = -(x - 4)

⇒ f(x) = (x - 2) - (x - 3) - (x - 4) = -x + 5;
when 3 ≤ x ≤ 4, x - 2 ≥ 0,x - 3 ≥ 0, x - 4 ≤ 0
⇒ |x - 2| = x - 2, |x - 3| = x - 3, |x - 4| = -(x - 4)
⇒ f(x) = (x - 2) + (x - 3) - (x - 4) = x - 1.

4 4 3 4

∴ ∫ (|x − 2| + |x − 3| + |x − 4|)dx = ∫ f(x)dx = ∫ f(x)dx + ∫ f(x)dx

2 2 2 3

3 4

= ∫ (−x + 5)dx + ∫ (x − 1)dx

2 3

2
3 2
4

= [−
x x
+ 5x] + [ − x]
2 2
2 3

= (− (-2 + 10) + (8 - 4) − (
9 9
+ 15) − − 3)
2 2

=− 15 - 8 + 4
9 9
+ + 3
2 2

= -9 + 15 - 8 + 4 + 3 = 5

24. As A and B are skew-symmetric matrices, therefore, A' = -A and B' = -B ...(i)
Since A and B are square matrices of same order, AB and BA are both defined.
Now, AB is symmetric iff (AB)' = AB
i.e. iff B'A' = AB (reversal law for transposes)
i.e. iff (-B) (-A) = AB (using (i))
i.e. iff BA = AB i.e. iff A and B commute.

OR

∣ A B C ∣
∣ ∣
R.H.S. = x y z (Operate C1 → xC1, C2 → yC2, C3 → zC3)
∣ ∣
∣ yz zx xy ∣

∣ Ax By Cz ∣
∣ ∣
= 1
x
2
y
2
z
2
(Take xyz out from R3)
xyz ∣ ∣
∣ xyz xyz xyz ∣

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∣ Ax By Cz ∣ ∣ Ax By Cz ∣
xyz ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
= x
2
y
2
z
2
=
2
x y
2
z
2
xyz ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
∣ 1 1 1 ∣ ∣ 1 1 1 ∣

(Interchange rows and columns, property 3)

2
∣ Ax x 1∣
∣ ∣
= ∣ By y
2
1∣ = L.H.S.
∣ ∣
2
∣ Cz z 1∣

25. To find the last digit of 1717, we find 1717 (mod 10).
Since 17 ≡ 7 (mod 10)
⇒ 172 ≡ 72 (mod 10) ⇒ 172≡ 49 (mod 10)
⇒ 172≡ 9 (mod 10) ⇒ (172)2≡ 92 (mod 10)
⇒ 174≡ 81 (mod 10) ⇒ 174≡ 1 (mod 10)
⇒ (174)4≡ 14 (mod 10) ⇒ 1716≡ 1 (mod 10)
Now, 1717 = 1716 × 17 ≡ 1 × 7 (mod 10)
⇒ 1717≡ 7 (mod 10)
Hence, the last digit of 1717 is 7.

Section C
26. i. Let the original cost of the washing machine be ₹P and the rate of depreciation be r % p.a. Then the value of machine
(in ₹) after one year, two years and 3 years are P(1 - i), P(1 - i)2 and P(1 - i)3 respectively, where i = .
r

100

According to given,
P(1 - i) - P(1 - i)2 = 720 and P(1 - i)2 - P(1 - i)3 = 648
⇒ P(1 - i)[1 - (1 - i)] = 720 and P(1 - i)2[1 - (1 - i)] = 648 ...(ii)
⇒ P(1 - i) i = 720 ...(i) and P(1 - i)2⋅ i = 648
Dividing (ii) by (i), we get
1-i= 648

720
⇒ 1-i= 10
9

i=1- i=
9 1 r 1
⇒ ⇒ ⇒ =
10 10 100 10

⇒ r = 10
Hence, the rate of depreciation = 10 % p.a.
ii. Putting i = in equation (i), we get
1

10

P(1 − 1

10
) ×
1

10
= 720 ⇒ P × 100
9
= 720 ⇒ P = 8000
Hence, the original cost of the machine = ₹ 8000
iii. The value of machine at the end of third year = P(1 - i)3
3

= 8000(1 − = 8000(0.9)3
1
)
10

= 8000 × 0.729 = 5832

Hence, the value of the machine at the end of the third year = ₹5832

27. Let A be the amount of bacteria present at time t and A0 be the initial amount of bacteria. Therefore,we have,
dA
∝ A
dt
dA
= λA
dt
dA
= λdt
A

Integrating both sides,we get,

log A = λ t + c ...(i)

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when t = 0, A = A0
log A0 = 0 + c
c = log A0
Using equation (i),
log A = λ t + log A0

log(
A
) = λt ..(ii)
A0

Given, bacteria triples is 5 hours, so A = 3 A0, when t = 5,

therefore from (ii),we have,
3A0
log( ) = 5λ
A0

log 3 = 5λ
log 3
λ =
5

Put the value of λ in equation (ii), we have,

A log 3
log( ) = t
A0 5

Case I: let A​1 be the number of bacteria present in 10 hours, then, we have,
A1 log 3
log( ) = × 10
A0 5

A1
log( ) = 2 log 3
A0

A1
log(
A0
) = 2(1.0986)
A1
log( ) = 2.1972
A0

A1 = A0e2.1972
A1 = A09
Hence, there will be 9 times the bacteria present is 10 hours.
Case II: Let t1 be the time necessary for the bacteria to be 10 times, then, we have,
log 3
A
log( ) = × t
A0 5

10A0 log 3
log( ) = × t1
A0 5

5 log 10 = log 3 t1
log 10
5 = t1
log 3

5 log 10
Required time is log 3
hours.

OR

If P denotes the principal at any time t and the rate of interest be r % per annum compounded continuously, then
according to the law given in the problem, we get
dP Pr
=
dt 100
dP r
⇒ = dt
P 100
1 r
⇒ ∫ dP = ∫ dt
P 100

⇒ log P = rt

100
+ C ...(i)
Let P0 be the initial principal i.e. at t = 0, P = P0
Putting P = P0 in (i), we get
log P0 = C
Putting C = log P0 in (i), we get

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log P = + log P0
rt

100

...(ii)
P rt
⇒ log( ) =
P0 100

i. In this case, we have

r = 5, P0 = ₹ 100 and P = ₹ 200 = 2P0
Substituting these values in (ii), we have
log 2 = t = 20 loge 2 = 20 × 0.6931 years = 13.862 years.
5
t ⇒
100

ii. In this case, we have

P0 = ₹ 100, P = ₹ 200 = 2P0 and t = 10 years.
Substituting these values in (ii), we get
log 2 = r = 10 log 2 = 10 × 0.6931 = 6.931
10r
t ⇒
100

Hence, r = 6.931% per annum.

iii. In this case, we have
P0 = ₹ 1000, r = 5 and t = 10
Substituting these values in (ii), we get
log( = e0.5 ⇒ P = 1000 × 1.648 = 1648
P 5×10 1 P
) = = = 0.5 ⇒
1000 100 2 1000

P = ₹ 1648

28. The equilibrium point (x0, p0) is the point at which the demand and supply curves intersect. Therefore, the equilibrium
point is obtained by setting D(x) = S(x).
Now, D(x) = S(x)
2 2
x x
⇒ 90 − = + x + 50
10 5

+ x - 40 = 0 ⇒ 3x2 + 10x - 400 = 0 ⇒ (x - 10)(3x + 40) = 0 ⇒ x - 10 = 0 ⇒ x = 10

3 2
⇒ x
10

Putting x = 10 in p = D(x) or p = S(x), we obtain p = 80

Thus, the equilibrium point is (x0, p0) = (10, 80) i.e. the equilibrium occurs at ₹ 80,000 per tyre, when 10,000 tyres are
supplied and demanded.

i. We have, x0 = 10 and p0 = 80. The consumer's surplus (CS) is given by

x0

CS = ∫ D(x)dx − p0 x0
0

10 10
2 3

CS = = [90x −
x x
⇒ ∫ (90 − ) dx − 80 × 10 ] − 800
10 30
0
0

⇒ CS = (900 − 1000

30
) − 800 = 200

3
= 66.667
Since x is in thousands, so the consumer's surplus is ₹ 66667
ii. The producer's surplus (PS) is given by
x0

PS = p 0 x0 − ∫ S(x)dx

10

PS = 80 × 10 − ∫
1 2
⇒ ( x + x + 50) dx
5
0
10
3 2

⇒ PS = 800 − [ x

15
+
x

2
+ 50x]
0

PS = 800 − ( = 800 − ( = = 183.33

1000 100 200 550
⇒ + + 500) + 50 + 500)
15 2 3 3

So, the producer's surplus is ₹183333

29. Construct the table as given below:

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Quantity Unit price

(q0 +
Sector (Weights) (₹/kWh) p0(q0 + q1) p1(q0 + q1)
q1)
q0 q1 p0 p1

Commercial 5416 6015 1.97 10.92 11431 22519.07 124826.52

Residential 15293 20262 2.32 6.16 35555 82487.60 219018.80

Industrial 21287 17832 0.79 5.13 39119 30904.01 200680.47

Agriculture 9473 8804 2.25 8.10 18277 41123.25 148043.70

∑ p0 ( q0 + q1 ) = ∑ p1 ( q0 + q1 ) =
177033.93 692569.49

Σ p1 (q0 +q1 )
Marshall-Edgeworth's index number = × 100
Σ p0 (q0 +q1 )

= = 391.20
692569.49
× 100
177033.93

Weighted average of price relatives method

This is the commonly used method to construct consumer or wholesale price index when base and current prices of a
number of items, along with weights or quantities are given. Weighted average of price relatives is given by
p
1
Σ( ×100)×w
p

, or
0
P01 =
Σw
∑ Iw p1
P01 = , where I = p0
× 100 , the price relative.
∑w

30. We have,
μ = Population mean = 110, X
¯
= Sample mean = 105
17
2
n = Sample size = 17 and, ∑ (x i
¯
− X) = 1225
i=1
n
2
2 1 ¯
∴ s = ∑ (xi − X )
n
i=1
−−−−−−
= 72.0588 ⇒ s = √72.0588 = 8.4887
2 1225
⇒ s =
17

We define, Null Hypothesis H0: There is no significant difference between the sample mean and population means i.e.
assumption that mean of the population is 110 cm is valid.
Alternate hypothesis H1: Assumption that mean of the population is 110 cm is not valid. Let t be the test statistic given
by
¯
X −μ 105−110 −−−−− −5×4
t= s
⇒ t= 8.4887
× √17 − 1 =
8.4887
= -2.3561
√n−1

⇒ |t| = 2.3561
The sample statistic follows Student's t -distribution with v = (17 - 1) = 16 degrees of freedom.
We shall now compare this calculated value with the tabulated value of t for 16 degrees of freedom at 5% and 1% levels
of significance.
At 5% level of significance: It is given that t16(0.05) = 2.12
We find that Calculated |t| = 2.3561 > 2.12 = t16(0.05)
i.e. Calculated |t| > Tabulated t16(0.05)
So, we reject the null hypothesis at 5% level of significance. Hence, the assumption that the population has a mean of
110 cm is not correct.
The confidence limits at 5% level of significance are
¯
t16(0.05) and X
¯
t16(0.05)
s s
X − +
√n−1 √n−1

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or 105 - 2.12 and 105 + 2.12
8.4887 8.4887
× ×
4 4

or, 105 - 4.499 = 100.501 and 105 + 4.499 = 109.499

The confidence interval is [100.501,109.499]
At 1% level of significance: It is given that t16(0.01) = 2.921
Clearly, calculated |t| < tabulated t16(0.01)
So, we accept the null hypothesis at 1% level of significance. Hence, the assumption that the mean of the population is
110 cm is valid.
The confidence limits at 1% level of significance are
¯
X − t16(0.01) and X
s ¯
+ t16(0.01) s

√n−1 √n−1

or, 105 - 2.921 and 105 + 2.921

8.4887 8.4887
× ×
4 4

or, 105 - 6.199 = 98.801 and 105 + 6.199 = 111.199

The confidence interval at 1% level of significance or at 99% confidence level is [98.801, 111.199]

31. Let p be the probability getting tail on a toss of a fair coin, so

1
p =
2
1
q = 1−
2

q =
1

2
[ since p + q = 1]
Let X denote the number tail obtained on the toss of coin 5 times. so probability of getting r tails in n tosses of coin is
given by
P(X = r)= nCr pr qn-r
r 5−r
=
5
Cr (
1

2
) (
1

2
) ...(1)
Probability of getting tail an odd number of times
= P(X = 1) + P(X = 3) + P(X = 5)
1 5−1 3 5−3 5 0
5 1 1 5 1 1 5 1 1
= C3 ( ) ( ) + C3 ( ) ( ) + C5 ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
5 5 5
1 5.4 1 1
= 5⋅( ) + ⋅( ) + 1. ( )
2 2 2 2
5
1
= ( ) [5 + 10 + 1]
2
5
1
= 16( )
2
1
= 16 ⋅
32
1
=
2

OR

Let X be a random variable that denotes the number of bad oranges in a draw of 4 oranges.
Then, X can take values 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Here, p = probability of getting a bad orange in a single draw = 5
=
1

25 5

and q = probability of not getting a bad orange in a single draw = 1 - p =

1 4
1− =
5 5

Clearly, X follows binomial distribution with parameters n = 4, p = 1

5
and q =
4

5
r 4−r

∴ P(X = r) = 4
Cr (
1

5
) (
4

5
) , r = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
0 4 4

Now, P(X = 0) = 4
C0 (
1

5
) (
4

5
) = (
4

5
) =
256

625

3 4

P(X = 1) = 4 1 4 4 256
C1 ( )( ) = ( ) =
5 5 5 625

2 2

P(X = 2) = 4 1 4 96
C2 ( ) ( ) =
5 5 625

P(X = 3) = 4 1 4 16
C3 ( ) ( ) =
5 5 625

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4 0

and P(X = 1) = 4
C4 (
1

5
) (
4

5
) =
1

625

Thus, the probability distribution of X is

X 0 1 2 3 4

P(X = r)
256 256 96 16 1

625 625 625 625 625

Now, Mean = E(x) = Σx i pi

256 256 96 16 1
= 0. + 1⋅ + 2⋅ + 3⋅ + 4⋅
625 625 625 625 625

[256 + 192 + 48 + 4] =
1 500 20 4
= = =
625 625 25 5
2

and variance = E(X)2 - [E(x)]2 = ∑x

2
i
⋅ pi − (
4

5
)

2
2 256 2 256 2 96 2 16 2 1 4
= [0 ⋅ + 1 ⋅ + 2 ⋅ + 3 ⋅ + 4 ⋅ ] = ( )
625 625 625 625 625 5

[256 + 384 + 144 + 16] −

1 16
=
625 25
800−400 400 16
= = =
625 625 25

Section D

32. Let the land allocated for crop X be x hectares and crop Y be y hectares.
The maximum area of land available for two crops is 50 hectares.
∴ x + y ≤ 50
The liquid herbicide to be used for crops X and Y are at the rate of 20 litres and 10 litres per hectare, respectively. The
maximum amount of herbicide to be used is 800 litres.
∴ 20x + 10y ≤ 800
⇒ 2x + y ≤ 80
The profits from crops X and Y per hectare are ₹10,500 and ₹9,000, respectively.
Thus, total profit = ₹(10,500x + 9,000y)
Thus, the given linear programming problem is
Maximise Z = 10500x + 9000y
subject to the constraints
x + y ≤ 50
2x + y ≤ 80
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
The feasible region determined by the given constraints can be diagrammatically represented as,

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The coordinates of the corner points of the feasible region are O(0, 0), A(40, 0), B(30, 20) and C(0, 50).
The value of the objective function at these points are given in the following table:

Corner Points Z = 10500x + 9000y

(0, 0) 10500 × 0 + 9000 × 0 = 0

(40, 0) 10500 × 40 + 9000 × 0 = 420000

(30, 20) 10500 × 30 + 9000 × 20 = 495000

(0, 50) 10500 × 0 + 9000 × 50 = 450000

So, the maximim value of Z is 495000 at x = 30 and y = 20.

Therefore, 30 hectares of land should be allocated for crop X and 20 hectares of land should be allocated for crop Y.
The maximum profit of the society is ₹4,95,000.

OR

Let x kg of Type I fertilizer and y kg of Type II fertilizers are supplied

The quantity of fertilizers can not be negative
So, x, y ≥ 0
A gardener has a supply of fertilizer of type I which consists of 10% nitrogen and Type II consists of 5% nitrogen, and
he needs at least 14 kg of nitrogen for his crop
So,
(10 × 100) + (5 × 100) ≥ 14
Or, 10x + 5y ≥ 1400
A gardener has a supply of fertilizer of type I which consists of 6% phosphoric acid and Type II consists of 10%
phosphoric acid, and he needs at least 14 kg of phosphoric acid for his crop. So,
(6 × 100) + (10 × 100) ≥ 14
Or, 6x + 10y ≥ 1400
Therefore, A/Q, constraints are,
10x + 5y ≥ 1400
6x + 10y ≥ 1400
If the Type I fertilizer costs 60 paise per kg and Type II fertilizer costs 40 paise per kg. Therefore, the cost of x kg of

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Type I fertilizer and y kg of Type II fertilizer is ₹0.60x and ₹0.40y respectively
Total cost = Z(let) = 0.6x + 0.4y is to be minimized.
Thus the mathematical formulation of the given LPP is,
Min Z = 0.6x + 0.4y
Subject to the constraints,
10x + 5y ≥ 1400
6x + 10y ≥ 1400
x, y ≥ 0
The region represented by 6x + 10y ≥ 1400: line 6x + 10y = 1400 passes through A( , 0) and B(0, 140). The region
700

which doesn’t contain the origin represents the solution of the inequation 6x + 10y ≥ 1400
As (0, 0) doesn’t satisfy the inequation 6x + 10y ≥ 1400
Region represented by 10x + 5y ≥ 1400: line 10x + 5y = 1400 passes through C(140, 0) and D(0, 280). The region
which doesn’t contain the origin represents the solution of the inequation 10x + 5y ≥ 1400
As (0, 0) doesn’t satisfy the inequation 10x + 5y ≥ 1400
The region, x, y ≥ 0: represents the first quadrant

The corner points are D(0, 280), E(100, 80), A( 700

3
, 0)
The values of Z at these points are as follows:

Corner Points Z = 0.6x + 0.4y

O 0

D 112

E 92
F 140

The minimum value of Z is ₹92 which is attained at E(100, 80)

Thus, the minimum cost is ₹92 obtained when 100 kg of Type I fertilizer and 80 kg of Type II fertilizer is supplied.

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33. Let X denote the number of heads in a simultaneous toss of three coins. Then, X can take values 0, 1, 2, 3.
Now, P(X = 0) = P(TTT) = , P(X = 1) = P(HTT) or (TTH or THT) =
1 3

8 8

P(X = 2) = P (HHT or THH or HTH) = 3

8
and, P(X = 3) = P(HHH) = 1

Thus, the probability distribution of X is given by:

X 0 1 2 3

P(X)
1 3 3 1

8 8 8 8

Computation of mean and variance

xi pi = P(X = xi) pixi pi x

2
i

0 1

8
0 0

1 3

8
3

8
3

2
3 6 12

8 8 8

3
1 3 9

8 8 8

=3
3 2
Σ pi xi = Σpi x
2 i

Thus, we have,
and Σp =3
3 2
Σ pi xi = i xi
2
2
¯
¯¯¯ 2
= Mean = Σp and, Var(X) = Σp
3 2 3 3
∴ X i xi = i xi − (Σ pi xi ) = 3− ( ) =
2 2 4
−−
−−−−−− √3
∴ Standard deviation = √Var(X) = √
3
= = 0.87
4 2

Hence, Mean = 3

2
, Variance = 3

4
and, Standard deviation = 0.87

OR

Let E be the event 'answering the question correctly', then

p = , so q = 1 − = ; n = 20.
1

2
1

2
1

2
r 20−r 20
P(r) = .
20 r 20−r 20 1 1 20 1
Cr p q = Cr ( ) ( ) = Cr ( )
2 2 2

Required probability = P(X ≥ 12) = P(12) + P(13) + P(14) + ... + P(20)

20
20 20 20 20 20 1
= (( C12 + C13 ) + ( C14 + C15 ) + … + C20 ) ( )
2
20
= (
21
C13 +
21
C15 +
21
C17 +
21
C19 + 1) (
1

2
) (using n
Cr−1 +
n
Cr =
n+1
Cr )

20
21 21 21 21 1
= ( C13 + C15 + C17 + C19 + 1) ( )
2
20
= (203490 + 54264 + 5984 + 210 + 1) ( 1

2
)

=
263949

20
= 0.252 (approx.)
2

34. The given inequalities are

2x + y ≤ 24 ...(i)
x + y < 11 ...(ii)
2x + 5y ≤ 40 ...(iii)
x > 0 ...(iv)
y ≥ 0 ...(v)
Draw the graphs of all the given inequalities.

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Shade the common part of the graphs of all the five inequalities. The solution set consists of all the points in the shaded
part of the coordinate plane shown in fig. The points on the line segments OA and BC are included in the solution set.

35. Given that original cost of an asset = ₹ 25000, useful life = 4 years
Sum of the years digit = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10.
Depreciation Schedule

Annual Accumulation
Digits of the year in reverse Fraction of the assest to be
Year depreciation depreciation
order depreciated
(in ₹) (in ₹)
4
× 25000 =
1 4 10,000
4 10
10
10,000

3
3
× 25000 =
2 3 10
17500
10
7500
2
× 25000 =
3 2 2 10
22500
10
5000
1
× 25000 =
4 1 1 10
25000
10
2500

So, annual depreciations are ₹ 10000, ₹ 7500, ₹ 5000 and ₹ 2500.

Section E

36. i. According to given information,

y
perimeter of floor of the building = 2x + 2.(π ⋅ 2
) = 200
⇒ 2x + πy = 200.

ii. Area of rectangular region of the floor = A = xy

= x( = (100x - x2)
200−2x 2
)
π π

(100x - x2) (from (x( (100x - x2))

200−2x
iii. A = =
2 2
)
π π π

⇒
d A

dx
=
2

π
(100x - 2x) and d A

2
=
2

π
(0 - 2) = - . 4

π
dx

Now, d A

dx
=0⇒ 2

π
(100 - 2x) = 0 ⇒ x = 50.
2

When x = 50, <0

d A 4
=
dx
2 π

⇒ A is maximum when x = 50.

Maximum value of A = (100 × 50 - 502) = m2.
2 5000

π π

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OR
Let Z be the area of the whole floor, then
y 2
Z = xy + 2⋅ 1

2
π(
2
) = xy + π

4
⋅y
2

= x⋅ 200−2x

π
+
π
⋅(
200−2x

π
)
4
2

(100x - x2) +
(100−x)
= 2

π π
2

⇒
dZ

dx
=
2

π
(100 - 2x) + 2

π
(100 - x)(-1) = 2x

π
and d Z

2
= −
2

π
.
dx

=0⇒- = 0 ⇒ x = 0.
dZ 2x

dx π
2

When x = 0, d Z

2
= −
2

π
< 0 ⇒ Z is maximum when x = 0.
dx

37. i. Given P = ₹ 30,00,000, i = =0.00625,

7.5

1200

n = 12 × 20 = 240 months.
240
3000000×0.00625(1.00625)
EMI = 240
(1.00625) −1

= ₹ 24167.82.
3000000×0.00625×4.4608
=
3.4608

ii. Given P = ₹ 30,00,000, i = 7.5

1200
=0.00625,
n = 12 × 20 = 240 months.
240−150+1 91
EMI [(1+i ) −1] 24167.82[(1.00625) −1]

Interest paid in 150th payment = 240−150+1

=
91
(1+i) (1.00625)

=
24167.82×0.7629
= ₹ 10458.69
1.7629

iii. Given P = ₹ 30,00,000, i = 7.5

1200
=0.00625,
n = 12 × 20 = 240 months.
Principal paid in 150th payment = EMI - Interest paid in 150th payment
=₹ 24167.82 - ₹ 10458.69 = ₹ 13709.13.
OR
Given P = ₹ 30,00,000, i = =0.00625,
7.5

1200

n = 12 × 20 = 240 months.
Total interest paid = n × EM! - P = 240 × 24167.82 - 30,00,000 = ₹2800276.80
38. i. ₹ 100
ii. ₹ 300
iii. ₹ 1200
OR
₹ 1500
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