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Unit-8 (Renewable Energy)

Supplementary Exercise
Question No. I (10 marks) – Initial Word

Complete the sentences with the appropriate words. The initial letters are given.

1. In recent years, the ice has been shrinking at an a------------- rate.

2. He has been working in the same position for two d------------- at that company.

3. The storm and flood caused serious d------------- to the village.

4. C------------- unhealthy food is the main source of all diseases.

5. There are many a------------- ways such as wind, water and air to generate energy and electricity.

6. The cost of solar, wind and other forms of r------------- energy is getting cheaper.

7. The world’s supply of oil and gas is not i-------------.

8. Human e------------- of greenhouse gases are causing the Earth to warm.

9. We can p------------- environmental problems by reducing the use of fossil fuels.

10. If you u------------- your creative idea and imagination in the competition, you can be a winner.

11. Electricity can be g------------- from sun, water, air or fossil fuels.

12. Hot water is converted to electricity by a t-------------.

13. The scientists are concerned that the machine will e------------- harmful radiation.

14. A p------------- is a chemical or biological substance which harms water, air, or and quality.

15. No one is perfect and everyone has some d-------------.

16. Water-powered turbines can have a negative effect on a------------- wildlife.

17. For the youths, i------------- an application on the phone is a very easy matter.

18. Electricity generation in the country is mainly from clean h-------------.

19. To generate electricity, large wind turbines are usually placed on the o-------------.

20. Today, w------------- called wind turbines produce electricity for many communities.

21. The restaurant serves good food and drink at a------------- prices.

22. Burning coal can be h------------- to the natural environment.

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23. All countries have the right to protect themselves against external t-------------.

24. Solar energy generates electricity by using designed panels which include p------------- cells.

25. Modern wind turbines are more e------------- and are able to produce wind power.

26. E------------- can be said that accomplishing as much as possible with the least effort.

27. All my friends and my family always e------------- me to try my best.

28. The g------------- are trying to get sustainable energy system by using all alternative ways.

29. Civilized countries generally a------------- gold or silver as money.

30. One d------------- of sleep deprivation for students is lack of concentration on their studies.

31. Now, the use of social media is becoming more and more common w--------------.

32. Biomass energy is based on biomass raw m-------------, plants processed and burned to produce
electricity.

33. It is time to b------------- our differences and be friends again.

34. The dustmen have not collected any r------------ in the hotel yet.

35. The disposal of wastes in the ground is referred to as l-------------.

36. If you put more g------------- gases into the atmosphere, you get more warming.

37. Even a simple t------------- can change lifestyle of people around the world.

38. The v------------- have suddenly erupted and kill many people.

39. One of the main reasons this has not been done before is because the i------------- cost is very large.

40. C------------- study both the nature of climates local, regional or global and the natural or human
induced factors that cause climates to change.

41. His speech had a powerful i------------- on many people.

Question No. II (10 marks) – Multiple Choice

Choose the appropriate words or phrases to complete the sentences.

1. The natural environment ------------- because of burning fossil fuels.

A. has destroyed B. was destroyed C. has been destroyed

2. It is important to use renewable energy as the earth ------------- its fossil fuels.

A. is running out B. is running out of C. has run out

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3. In order to ------------ further environmental problems, it is essential to produce or recover renewable

energy.

A. produce B. prevent C. prohibit

4. Energy from the sun is considered an -------------- source.

A. inexhaustible B. inexhaustible C. inexhaustable

5. Electricity ------------- when water from the dam is released through turbines.

A. will generate B. generates C. is generated

6. Hydropower plants are eco-friendly because they hardly ------------- pollutants in the air.

A. produce B. generate C. emit

7. Planting trees ------------- the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

A. reduces B. increases C. maintains

8. Unlike hydropower, wind power process is relatively ------------- to run.

A. expensive B. reasonable C. cheap

9. The process of converting sunlight into electricity is called --------------.

A. photosynthesis B. efficiency C. capacity

10. The ------------- of the solar panels depends on their location.

A. quality B. efficiency C. capacity

11. Solar energy is popular in remote areas where there is no ------------- to an electricity grid.

A. relation B. connection C. access

12. Thermal energy is the energy that comes from -------------.

A. light B. heat C. water

13. Biomass is mainly ------------- rubbish and other organic.

A. made from B. made with C. made up of

14. Heat trapped in the ground is ------------- into steam to turn turbines and generate electricity.

A. formed B. emitted C. converted

15. The most active geothermal resources are usually found in areas near -------------.

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A. volcanoes B. cliffs C. coasts

16. Unlike coal power, solar power generation is relatively -------------- to the environment.

A. harmful B. neutral C. beneficial

17. The -------------- is a type of renewable energy that uses the heat stored in the earth.

A. solar energy B. geothermal energy C. wind energy

18. Wind energy is a renewable resource and does not emit ------------- during operation.

A. heat B. pollutants C. electricity

19. Fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas are --------------.

A. inexhaustible B. renewable C. non-renewable

20. Global warming can have a negative ------------- on human life.

A. affect B. influence C. impact

21. The sun, wind and water are ------------- energy sources.

A. refined B. renewable C. reproducible

22. Industries and vehicles are the root causes of ------------- carbon dioxide.

A. emission B. absorption C. regulation

23. They took action to -------------- the disease from spreading.

A. produce B. prevent C. protect

24. Like hydropower, wind turbines can ------------- wildfire such as birds and bats in areas.

A. threaten B. threat C. threatening

25. Using biomass to -------------- energy can produce greenhouse gases and cause global warming.

A. generalise B. generate C. genotype

Question No. III (10 marks) - Grammar Grade-12

Conditionals

A. Complete the zero conditional sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. If you (dial) my cell phone number, it (play) my favourite song.

2. If people (have) more fruit, they (get) more vitamins.

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3. If you (burn) oil and coal, you (pollute) the environment.

4. If children (eat) more protein, they (grow) taller.

5. If it (not I rain) for a long time, the earth (get) dry.

B. Complete the first conditional sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. If I (get) a new job, I (earn) a lot of money.

2. If she (not hurry), she (miss) the bus.

3. If global warming (get) worse, there (be) problems of rising sea levels.

4. The ice caps (melt) if we (not / take care) of our planet.

5. Our cities (be) cleaner if we (use) public transport more.

C. Complete the present unreal conditional sentences with the correct form of the verbs in
brackets.

1. If these shoes (fit) me, I (buy) them.

2. It (not/ surprise) me if he (not / know) the answer.

3. If I (own) a car, I (drive) to school.

4. If there (be) no paper, what (happen) to the world?

D. Complete the past unreal conditional sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. If we (listen) to the radio, we (hear) the breaking news.

2. She (come) to our party if she (not be) on holiday.

3. If you (ask) for directions, we (not get) lost.

4. If she (prepare) for the test well, she (pass)

5. If we (develop) alternative sources earlier, fossil fuels (not run out) so rapidly. E. Write the second or

third conditional sentences about these situations.

1. She stayed at a hotel so it cost her a lot.

2. Kaythi is not in Bagan now so I cannot see her tonight.

3. You didn't submit your assignment in time so the teacher punished you'

4. He doesn't have a debit card so he cannot buy a ticket.

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5. Sue does not answer the phone because she is not in the office.

6. The waiters in that restaurant didn't serve well so I didn't go there.

F. Match the beginnings (1-10) in Column A with the endings (a-j) in Column B.

Column A Column B

6. If I were stronger, a. we would have said hello.

7. If we had seen you, b. it breaks.

8. If the sun shines, c. if I don't get the cheap flight.

9. He would have repaired the car himself d. if she were eighteen.

10. If you drop the glass vase, e. we will be able to go out.

11. If I had studied, f. if we told him about our secrets.

12. I wouldn't go to school by bus g. if he had had the tools.

13. I won't go to London h. l would have passed the exam.

14. We'd be stupid i. I would help you carry the piano.

15. She would have the right to vote j. if I had a driving license.

Rewrite the sentences using “the second conditional”.

1. I want to visit Paris, but I don’t have a passport.

2. She wants to bake a cake, but she doesn’t have any flour.

3. He wants to play football, but he doesn’t have a ball.

4. I want to read that book, but it’s not in the library.

5. He wants to make a salad, but he doesn’t have any vegetables.

6. I want to write a letter, but I don’t have any paper.

7. They excited about having a picnic, but they don’t have a picnic basket.

8. He’s thinking about buying a car, but he doesn’t have a yoga mat.

9. I’m considering taking up yoga, but I don’t have a yoga mat.

10. Although I want to donate to the poor, I am not a rich man.

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11. If I (have) a day off, I (go) to the beach.

12. If she (not be) busy, she (help) you with your homework.

13. If we (find) a map, we (not get) lost.

14. If they (not move) to another city, they (visit) us more often.

15. If I (see) a shooting star, I (make) a wish.

16. If we (have) a garden, we (grow) our own vegetables.

17. If I (have) more time, I (learn) a new language.

18. If we (win) the lottery, we (travel) around the world.

19. If it (rain) tomorrow, we (stay) at home.

20. If we (live) near the beach, we (swim) every day.

Rewrite the sentences using “the third conditional”.

21. She didn’t bake the cake because she didn’t have the ingredients.

22. They didn’t wake up early, so they missed the flight.

23. She didn’t practice the piano, so she didn’t perform well at the recital.

24. If they (not/miss) the bus, they (be) on time for the meeting.

25. You did not wake up early, and that’s why, you missed the sunrise.

26. They didn’t save money, so they couldn’t buy a house.

27. She didn’t get the job because she didn’t pass the interview.

28. She didn’t take her umbrella, and that’s why, she got wet in the rain.

29. He didn’t go to the concert because he didn’t buy a ticket.

30. They didn’t book tickets in advance, so they couldn’t see the show.

31. If we (leave) earlier, we (catch) the flight.

32. She didn’t take the bus, so she arrived late.

33. They didn’t prepare for the presentation, so they didn’t do well.

34. If they (practice) more, they (win) the match.

35. He didn’t bring his wallet, and that’s why, he couldn’t pay for dinner.

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36. She didn’t wear her glasses, so she couldn’t see clearly.

37. If he (not/eat) so much, he (not/feel) sick how.

38. I didn’t set an alarm, so I overslept.

39. If we (listen) to the weather forecast, we (take) our jackets.

40. She didn’t study abroad because she didn’t get a scholarship.

Grade-11

Reported Speech

A. Change the following into the reported speech.

1. Sandar said, “I’ve read the letter but I don’t understand it.”

2. Nandar said to Yu Par, “You left the window open last night.”

3. Po Po said, “Thant Zaw, who were you looking for?”

4. May Thu said to her roommate, “Please close the door as you leave.”

5. The receptionist said to the man, “Please fill in this form and wait till the manager comes.”

6. Daw Mu Mu said to her son, “How many times have I told you to turn off the lights when you go out?”

7. “Shake the bottle we before you use it,” said the chemist.

8. The teacher said. “Who left this bag here?”

9. Ni Ni said, “I am so sleepy that I can hardly keep my eyes open.”

10. Mum said, “If you get better grades, I will buy you an iPad.”

11. Thuzar said, “Do we have to finish this task before the lunch break, Muyar?”

12. “Make sure you don’t take the bus in the rush hour,” said the mother to her son.

13. My aunt said, “Brown the onions before you add meat.”

14. “I must speak to you now, Thaw Zin,” said Maw Maw.

15. Zaw Htike said to his senior officer, “Shall I fax the information to them? B. Change the

following into direct speech.

e.g. (a) Sue said that she feared that Johnsy would really die when the last leaf fell.

Sue said, “I fear that Johnsy will really die when the last leaf falls.”

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1. My mum asked me not to cook the fish too long.

2. Kyaw Khine and Marlar said that they were going to get married.

3. The hotel manager told me that I was not allowed to smoke in my room.

4. Myo Set told his sister that it would be a good idea for her to see a doctor.

5. Lin Htet asked me if I had decided to leave the job.

6. Thandar asked Kyaw Swar how often he went to the gym.

7. Yi Mon told her brother to stop teasing her and do the cleaning before Mum came back.

8. Thin Nwe asked Zwe Htet why he had not brought his own pencil.

9. Kit Kit told Chit Chit not to tell their secret to anyone else.

Additional Exercise

A. Change the following into the reported speech.

1. “Who is going to live in Shwe Min Won Hostel?” said Aung San Myint.

2. “I’m going away tomorrow, mother,” he said.

3. Su Yi Myat said, “When does Myo Pyi Thar Bus arrive at our school?”

4. “I’ve been in London for a month but I haven’t had time to visit the Tower,” said Phoo Phoo.

5. “It isn’t so foggy today as it was yesterday,” I remarked.

6. “The new underpass is being opened the day after tomorrow,” said the MRTV announcer.

7. “Is a return ticket cheaper than two singles?” said Phyu Sin.

8. “We have moved into our new house. We don’t like it as our last one, Jasmine.” said Paing Paing.

9. “We have a lift in our office but very often it doesn’t work,” Min Thant Soe said.

10. “If you want to visit Taunggyi, I’ll take you now?” said Nang Seng Oo to Cherry.

11. Htet Soe said, “From one of the windows of my flat I can see the Shwe Dagon Pagoda.”

12. Wai Lin Thein said, “I’ve no idea what the time is but I’ll dial 7887 to find out.”

13. Zin Wyine said, “My wife had just been made a judge.”

14. Zaw Myo Htut said, “I’ll come with you as soon as I am ready.”

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15. Aung said to Aye “I have an idea to buy a Kachin bag for you but I haven’t bought it yet.”

16. “Can I bring my dog into the compartment with me?” Thae Su asked.

17. “Have you got a work permit?” said Thuzar to Zaw Than Win.

18. “Switch off the radio,” he said to her.

19. “Please do as I say and don’t do as I do,” he begged me.

20. “Don’t eat too much starch,” I advised her, “and avoid fried food.”

B. Change the following into direct speech.

1. He said that he lived in the city centre.

2. He told me that he wanted to go out with me.

3. She told the teacher that she had finished studying his homework.

4. Myo Myint told Hnin Hnin that he had arrived the school before her.

5. Ei Ei told Ye Yint that she would be there at 2pm.

6. He said that he was going to call the police.

7. She said that she had to go to school then.

8. She asked if they should start then.

9. She told us that she would call us.

10. Nilar said that she was seeing her brother the following day.

Grade-10

Omission of Verbs

Shorten the following sentences by omitting the repeated verbs.

1. My mother gave me a beautiful dress; my father gave me a calculator and my brother gave me a watch
on my birthday.

2. When the fire broke out, Daw Nilar was in the living room and her baby was in the bedroom.

3. I like travelling by train but my friend, Hnin Zi, likes travelling by plane.

4. Some animals live on land; some live in water and some live both on land and in water.
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5. I was born in Yangon; my elder brother was born in Taunggyi and my sister was born in Dawei.

6. Mg Mg is good at playing football; Zaw Zaw is good at playing tennis and Ko Ko is good at playing
basketball.

7. Some plants grow well in clay soils; some grow well in sandy soils and some grow well in silt soils.

8. In supermarkets, frozen food must be kept at zero degree Fahrenheit; meet and fish must be kept at
2832 degree Fahrenheit; and dairy produce must be kept at 40-50 degree Fahrenheit.

9. For my parents’ anniversary, I am cleaning the backyard; my brothers are cleaning the window panes
and my cousins are cleaning the garden.

10. My hobby is collecting stamps; John’s hobby is collecting CDs and Mary’s hobby is collecting coins.

Additional Exercise Shorten the following sentences by omitting the repeated verbs.

1. The boys ate the apples; the girl ate the banana; their friend ate the orange.

2. Alfred Nobel invented dynamite; Edison invented electric bulb; and the Wright Brothers invented the
aeroplane.

3. In our class English is taught by Daw Aye; Mathematics is taught by Daw Yi and Geography is taught
by Daw Moe.

4. Mg Ni studied medicine Mg Phyu studied philosophy, and Mg Nyo studied astrology.

5. Aung Aung went to Korea; Thiha went to Thailand; and Naing Naing went to Japan,

6. Thant Zin visited Yangon; Hnin Hnin visited Bagan; and Oo Khin visited Dawei.

7. Bhone Myat lives in Kalaw; Jenny lives in London; and Thaw Zin lives in Australia.

8. Apple is a fruit; car is a vehicle; and house is a building.

9. Messi plays football; Carlsen plays golf; and Ma Long plays table tennis.

10. U Thuka is a director; Sai Sai is a singer; and Nay Toe is an actor.

11. My mother gave me a beautiful dress; my father gave me a calculator and my brother gave me a watch
on my birthday.

12. When the fire broke out, Daw Nilar was in the living room and her baby was in the bedroom.

13. I like travelling by train but my friend, Hnin Zi, like travelling by plane.

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14. Some animals live on land; some live in water and some live both on land and in water.

15. I was born in Yangon; my elder brother was born in Taunggyi and my sister was born in Dawei.

Question No. IV (5 marks) – Short question

Text questions

Answer the questions in complete sentences.

1. What are examples of fossil fuels and what are they used for?

2. Why is it essential for us to use renewable energy instead of burning fossil fuels?

3. What are the two benefits of using renewable energy?

4. What are the drawbacks of using hydropower?

5. How is the process of creating wind power different from that of hydropower?

6. How is electricity generated from the sun?

7. What are the benefits of using solar energy for the environment?

8. What is biomass?

9. How long does it take to form fossil fuels? 10. Where can the most active geothermal resources be
found?

Additional questions

Answer the questions in complete sentences.

1. What does the term “renewable energy” refer to?

2. What are the examples of renewable energy mentioned in the text?

3. What does hydropower utilise to produce electricity?

4. When have humans used biomass energy?

5. What does geothermal energy use to produce electricity?

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6. How long does it take to form biomass?

7. What can mainly cause many environmental problems we are facing today?

Question No. V (10 marks) - Read the passage (Text)

I. Read the passage

We need energy sources for our cars, trains, planes, machines, appliances, and many other energy
consuming vehicles and devices. We rely mainly on fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas, and we are consuming
the world’s fossil fuels at an alarming rate. As a result, the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere
is increasing dramatically. Burning fossil fuels for decades has been destructive to the natural environment.
Much of the destruction of our environment would not have taken place if these fossil fuels had not been used.
In recent years, a great deal of attention has been paid to the dangers of consuming fossil fuels. In addition,
the Earth is running out of fossil fuels, which means that there is a need for alternative sources of energy for
use on a wide scale. Therefore, it is essential for us to use renewable energy instead of fossil fuels. Now, the
use of renewable energy is becoming more and more common worldwide. Renewable energy refers to ‘energy
that is produced using the sun, wind, water, etc. rather than using fuels such as oil, gas and coal’. The sun,
wind, water, waste, and heat are all rich sources of renewable energy. These energy sources can never run out
or are inexhaustible and so they are known as renewable energy sources. Specifically, energy from the sun is
considered an inexhaustible resource; as long as the sun exists, it gives us energy. Moreover, renewable energy
sources can be recovered or produced without causing CO2 emissions, air pollution and global warming.
Renewable energy production is certainly essential if we are to prevent further environmental problems. There
are many examples of renewable energy sources such as hydropower, wind power, solar energy, biomass
energy and geothermal energy.

A. Write the correct word or words to complete each sentence. (5 marks)

1. Energy sources ------------- for our energy consuming vehicles and devices. are needed

2. The world’s fossil fuels are ------------- at an alarming rate.

3. Our natural environment has been ------------- as a result of burning fossil fuels.

4. Fossil fuels such as oil, gas and coal can run out or -------------.

5. Using renewable energy ------------- CO2 gas into the atmosphere?

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B. Answer each question in one sentence. (5 marks)

6. Why do we need energy sources?

7. What is the effect of consuming the world’s fossil fuels at an alarming rate?

8. What would happen if we had not used fossil fuels?

9. Why are the sun, wind, water, waste, and heat called renewable energy sources?

10. Describe the examples of renewable energy sources mentioned in the passage?

II. Read the passage.

Hydropower utilises the power of moving water such as waterfalls and rivers and the sea. Electricity
is generated when moving water turns turbines. As long as flowing water continues, it gives us an inexhaustible
amount of energy. Hydropower dams are also a source of renewable energy. Power is generated when water
from the dam is released through turbines. Although hydropower plants hardly emit any pollutants into the air,
there are a few drawbacks. Water-powered turbines can have a negative effect on aquatic wildlife. Also,
building hydropower dams causes land behind the dams to flood. One more drawback is that the costs of
installing hydropower systems are high.

To create wind power, large turbines are placed on top of hills or offshore. Energy is generated when
the wind turns wind turbines. Modern windmills or wind turbines can be utilised on a large scale or a small
scale. Unlike hydropower, this process is relatively cheap and is considered one of the most affordable forms
of energy today. In addition, it does not have harmful effects on the air or land it uses. One disadvantage is
that if the wind stops blowing, all wind turbines stop working. Like hydropower, wind turbines can also be a
threat to wildlife such as birds and bats in areas.

A. Write the correct word or words to complete each sentence.

1. The power of moving water can ------------- to generate electricity.

2. We can also get inexhaustible amount of energy from -------------.

3. Water-powered turbines can negatively ------------- on aquatic wildlife.

4. Unlike hydropower, wind power process is not -------------.

5. Unless the wind stops blowing, all wind turbines -------------- working.

B. Answer each question in one sentence.

6. How does hydropower produce electricity?

7. When do hydropower dams generate electrical power?

8. 8. Where are large turbines placed to create wind power?

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9. What is the difference between hydropower and wind power?

10. What is the disadvantage of wind power?

III. Read the passage.

Geothermal energy uses the heat within the earth to produce electricity and heat buildings. In other
words, heat that is trapped in the ground can be converted into steam to turn turbines. Geothermal energy uses
relatively simple technology, and this process causes no pollution. The most active geothermal resources are
usually found in areas near volcanoes. The initial costs of setting up a geothermal power plant are very high,
but once it is built, the running costs are low.

To conclude, using fossil fuels at a very rapid rate has serious harmful effects on the natural environment.
Burning fossil fuels for heating, lighting, transportation, electricity, or manufacturing emits CO2 in the
atmosphere. Nearly all climatologists agree that many environmental problems we are facing today are mainly
caused by the consumption of huge amounts of fossil fuels. The biggest challenge we all are facing is to stop
burning fossil fuels and start using renewable energy. Governments should take steps to get enough energy
from renewable fuels to be able to stop using fossil fuels completely. Before it is too late, it is important to
reduce our negative impact on the natural environment as much as possible by using renewable energy instead
of fossil fuels.

(A) Complete the following sentences with the correct word or words. (5 marks)

1. To produce electricity and heat buildings, the heat within the earth -------------. is used

2. We can ------------- heat that is tapped in the ground into steam to turn turbines. convert

3. The use of fossil fuels can ------------- harm the natural environment. seriously

4. The consumption of huge amount of fossil fuels mainly ------------- many environmental problems.

5. ------------- has negative impact on our natural environment. Burning/Using fossil fuels

(B) Answer each question in one sentence.

1. How is geothermal energy produced?

2. What is one of the advantages of geothermal energy?

3. Where can we find the most active geothermal resources?

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4. According to the passage, what is the biggest challenge we all are facing?

5. How can we reduce our negative impact on the natural environment?

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Question No. VI (10 marks) - Read the passage (Unseen) I.

Read the passage.

Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms,
it derives directly from the sun, wind, rain, tides of ocean, biomass and geothermal resources from heat generated
deep within the earth. In 2008, about 19% of global final energy consumption came from renewable, with 13%
coming from traditional biomass, and 3.2% from hydroelectricity. The share of renewable in electricity
generation is around 18%, with 15% of global electricity coming from hydroelectricity and 3% from new
renewable. Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: power generation, hot water,
transport fuels and rural (off-grid) energy services.

The selection of energy has global implications that affect greenhouse gas emissions, water resource
distribution, mineral consumption, and equipment manufacturing and transportation. Renewable energy
technologies are more sustainable than many current sources of energy. They have less a harmful effect on the
natural environment. There is a need for verification of the sustainability of renewable energy, which can easily
be done by resource-use optimization, techno-economic feasibility and cost analysis, life cycle assessment,
environmental externalities analysis, cost benefits analysis, manufacturing cost analysis, research and
development targets and barrier identification and water requirements and distribution analysis.

A. Find the bold-faced words in the passage that are similar in meaning to the following. (5 marks)
1. the act of checking and proving that something is correct or true A
obtained something from recognizably different in nature from
2. something else of a similar type a source of supply or support the B
actions of implanting or state of being implanted
3. C

4. D

5. E
B. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (10 marks)

6. What are the various forms of renewable energy?

7. In which areas can renewable energy be replaced conventional fuels?
8. What are the effects of global implications due to the selected energy?
9. Why are renewable energy technologies sustainable than any other sources of energy?
10. Mention the two ways for verification of the sustainability of renewable energy.

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II. Read the passage

Hydropower is a clean and renewable energy source. Considering the economic, technical and environmental
benefits of hydropower, most countries give priority to its development. Hydropower is generated using the
mechanical energy of flowing water by forcing it through piping called a penstock, which then turns a generator
in order to produce electricity. Water power also consists of wave and tidal energy, which are both in the infant
stage of research, as scientists try to discover how to harness the energy produced from movement of the ocean.
Hydropower has several advantages over most other sources generating electrical power. These include a high
level of reliability, proven technology, high efficiency, very low operating and maintenance costs, and the ability
to easily adjust to load changes. Generally, many hydropower plants are located in conjunction with reservoirs,
which provide water, flood control, and recreation benefits for the community. In addition, hydropower does not
produce waste products that cause acid rain, and greenhouse gases. Disadvantages of hydropower include high
initial costs of facilities; dependence on precipitation (no control over amount of water available); changes in
stream regimens (can affect fish, plants, and wildlife by changing stream levels, flow patterns, and temperature);
inundation of land and wildlife habitat (creation of reservoir); and displacement of people living in the reservoir
area.

A. Find the bold-faced words in the passage that are similar in meaning to the following.
1. to control something, usually in order to use its power large natural or A
artificial lakes used as a source of water supply water that is falling out of the
2. sky a group of people living in the same place the fact or condition of being B
regarded or treated as more important than others
3. C

4. D

5. E
B. Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (10 marks)

6. Why should we give priority to the development of hydropower?

7. How is hydropower generated?
8. What is the other name of hydropower?
9. What are the three advantages of hydropower?
10. Mention the three drawbacks of hydropower?

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Question No. VII (10 marks) – Dialogue and Exchange Grade-11 (Unit 12: Natural Disaster)

I. Complete the dialogue with the expressions given in the box. There is an extra. (5
marks)
who witnessed natural disasters you have experienced

when the storm started thirteen years ago,

got higher than buildings and trees our homes and our businesses

Presenter: Today, I'm going to interview three people -------(1)-------. The first is Lwin Mar,
whose native town is Bogalay, Ayeyarwady Region. Lwin Mar, tell us about the worst natural
disaster -------(2)------- throughout your life.

Speaker 1: Well. I'm now 22 and it happened -------(3)-------, on the 2ndof May while I was
living in a small village in Bogalay Township, Ayeyarwady Delta. Cyclone Nargis hit
our area which is vulnerable to cyclones as it is low-lying and open to the sea. As it was a
storm surge, the winds pushed a wall of water inland. So, the water-------(4)-------. When
the storm was over, I looked around my village. One word can describe the situation
— heartbreaking. We lost almost everything — our relatives, -------(5)-------.

II. Complete the dialogue with the expressions given in the box. There is an extra. (5 marks)

the experience was very uncomfortable the time of COVID-19 pandemic

after I tested negative of Corona virus about his experience

you have been affected some symptoms of Covid-19

Presenter: Oh, I really don't know what to say. I'm very sorry. Right now, I'd like to ask U Tint Lwin ---- -
--(1)-------. Can you tell us about the moment -------(2)------- by a natural disaster? What
was the experience like?

Speaker 2: Last year, I returned to my home country from India. I was sent to a quarantine
centre as it was -------(3)-------. After four or five days of my arrival, I got a fever and couldn't
sense any taste and smell. So, I had to undergo the swab test and -------(4)---

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---. Sadly, I tested positive and so, I was sent to the hospital. I was lucky enough. Unlike

other serious cases, I didn't have much difficulty in breathing. I was discharged from the hospital
-------(5)------- for 2 times. That one month was quite a hard time for me.

III. Complete the dialogue with the expressions given in the box. There is an extra. you
have witnessed in your life on the ground and felt dizzy
littering the archaeological zone nearly 400 pagodas were damaged3
many people and building in that area with collapsed walls
Presenter: I'm so sorry to hear that! Now, Daw Khin Maw, can you tell us about the natural disaster ----
-(1)-------? What was it like?

Speaker 3: One fine afternoon in August, 2016, my family and I were going around the temples
in Bagan. Suddenly, I felt movements -------(2)-------. As soon as we realized that it was an
earthquake, we ran out from the temple quickly. Luckily, no one in Bagan was injured
but -------(3)-------. Struck by a 6.8 magnitude earthquake, the place looked shredded, ------
(4)-------, piles of rubble and brick debris -------(5)-------.

Presenter: That's a shame! Well, this is the end of our interview. Thanks for sharing your
experiences with us. Thank you, all the listeners, for being with us.

Unseen Exchange

I. Complete the exchanges using the expressions given in the box. There is an extra. (5 marks)

I love this hotel room! I can't find a vacant one.

I just realized that our refrigerator isn't working. Any recommendations?

Can I play with your dogs? Oh, it’s very beautiful!

A: --------(6)------ What should we do?

B: We should call a technician to come and fix it as soon as possible.

A: Excuse me, is this seat taken? -------(7)-------

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B: No, it's not taken. Feel free to have a seat here.

A: -------(8)------- They look so adorable and friendly.

B: Of course! They love meeting new people and playing fetch.

A: -------(9)-------- It's so bright and airy with all these windows.

B: Yes, the natural light and views make it a delightful place to stay.

A: I'm looking to buy a good English dictionary. -------(10)-------

Oxford and Merriam-Webster are reputable brands with comprehensive

B:
dictionaries.

II. Complete the exchanges using the expressions given in the box. There is an extra. (5 marks) I'm

so sorry to hear that. Have you spoken to them?

They're breathtaking. That sounds like an amazing opportunity.

Let's celebrate with a special meal tonight. This country is very hot.
A: Let's go for a swim in the pool. It's so refreshing.

B: -------(6)------- I'll grab our towels and meet you there.

A: Do you brush your teeth twice a day for good oral hygiene?

B: -------(7)------- It's important to maintain healthy teeth and gums.

A: How was your day at school? -------(8)-------

B: It was good. I learned about history and had a fun art class.

A: I'm planning to visit Mandalay. -------(9)-------

B:
That sounds amazing! I would love to explore Mandalay with
you.

A: Can you explain the lesson to me? -------(10)-------

B: Of course! I'll do my best to clarify and help you grasp it.

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Question No. VIII (10 marks) – Letter Writing

Requesting

You are Thet Htar. You live at No.35, Min Road, Myo Thit. Write a letter to your elder sister, Win Pa Pa, telling

her that your mother has been hospitalized and requesting her to come back and help you look after her.

Question No. IX (15 marks) – Essay Writing

Writing an expository essay

• The advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy sources

Writing an argumentative essay

• Renewable energy has more advantages than disadvantages

Writing an opinion essay

• Physical health is more important than mental health

Writing a persuasive essay

• Why we should use renewable energy

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