610. Ipexrury and Set Ur: Use 1'=F,s =(Fcosg)s to calculate the work doue in each of parts (a) through 6.20. (©) In par (@, the net work consists of the contributions duc to all three forces, or Figure 6.10 ExecuTe: (@) As the package slides, work is done by the frictional force which acts at 9 =180° to the displacement. The normal force is mgeos53.0°. Thus for 44, =0.40, We = Fs =(fgc05 ps = Uasncosgs =[44,(gcos$3.0)\(C0s180%s, W, = (OA0)I(12.0 keX9.80 mvs? Xcos53.0°)](cos180°)2.00 m) =-57 J (b) Work is done by the component of the gravitational force parallel to the displacement. = 90°—53°=37° and the work of gravity is, (mgcosg)s =[(12.0 kgX9.80 mvs?(c0537.0°)]@2.00 m) = +188 J. (©) TF, =0 since the nomnal force is perpendicular to the displacement. (@) The net work done on the package iS Hoag = Wg +H, +, = 188 J+0.03-S73=1313. (0) @ Mg =Ks-K, 0 K, 193.09 v= f- EBD (©) The work done by gravity would be the same. Air resistance would do negative work and IV, would be less than 17,,,. The answer in (a) would be unchanged and both answers in (b) would decrease,633. IpeNTIFY: The springs obey Hooke’s law and balance the downward force of gravity. Ser Up: Use coordinates with + upward. Label the masses 1.2, and 3. with | the top mass and 3 the Doitom mass, and call the amounts the springs are stretched x, x,, and x, Each spring force is kx. Execure: (a) The three free-body diagrams are shown in Figure 6.33. ta Wine Figure 6.33 (b) Balancing forces on each of the masses and using F = mg _ (8.50 keX9.80 ms) k 7.80x10°Nim ives Ax, =mg so (%2) 2.136 em, 068 em, xy =mg +k =2mg 50% day =ng +h =3ng 90% (RE }=3 204 om ‘Adding the original lengths tothe distance stretched, the lengths of the springs, starting fiom the bottom one. are 13.1 em, 14.1 cm, and 15.2 em. Inextiry: The force does work on the box, which gives it kinetic energy. so the work-energy theorem applies, The force is variable so we must integrate to calculate the work it does on the box, SerUr: Wy =AK=K,—K,=4nnj—Lan? and W,, = [PF ood: EXECUTE: Thy “[18.0N—(0.530 Niwxiee [Fon Bq = (18.0 N)(11.0 m) (0.265 Nim(11.0 m)? = 198.0 J~32.07 J =165.9 J. The initial kinetic energy 2 Solving fory y= Pla - PUTT = Hz. Solving fore gives v= FT = Ep ce 15 ms. is 2e10, 50 Wy, =AK =K;6.70. Inexriry: We are dealing with Hooke’s law and the work to compress a spring. ‘Ser Ur: Hooke’s law: The force to stretch a spring a distance x is F = kx. The work to compress a spring a distance x from its equlibrinm position is det Execute: First find the force constant & With you alone on the spring at maximum compression, -ngésy = (S30 NY(0.0180 m) = 2.94% 10" Nim. The spring compression with you and the dlog is given by fe, = Wyo. + Weng, $0-%2= (710 NY 2.94 108 Nia) = 2.411 107 m=0.02411 m. The ‘work to compress the spring from x, 108 _.y Sha} Hn. Using = 0.0180. = and k= 2.9410" Nim, we get 1p =3.79 J. 02411 a, Evanvate: ‘The work to bring you to rest without your dog is $x? $(2.94410" Ninyo.0180 my? =4.77 J. This is greater than the work to compress the spring with you and your dog because the amount ‘of compression was less. You alone compressed the spring by 1.80 cm, but you with your dog ‘compressed it only an additional 0.61 em.