Question no.

01
“Self-Purification In Islam”
The purification of heart and soul ─Al Tazkiya─ is a significant part of Prophet Muhammad
(S.A.W)’s teachings and is essential in all people’s lives. It involves purifying the soul from
negative traits, such as arrogance, greed, and envy, and nurturing virtues like humility, patience,
and gratitude. The process of self-purification is not only a means to attain closeness to Allah
(SWT) but also a pathway to achieving inner peace and eternal salvation.

Quranic References On Self-Purification:

The Quran emphasizes self-purification in numerous verses. In Surah Ash-Shams (91:9-10):

َ ‫اب َمن َد‬

١٠ ‫س ٰى َها‬ َ ‫َوق َْد َخ‬ ٩ ‫ق َْد أَفْلَحَ َمن َزكَ ٰى َها‬

Translation: “He has succeeded who purifies it, and he has failed who instills it [with
corruption].”

Additionally, Surah Al-A'la (87:14-15) states:

‫اس َم َر ِّب ِّه ف ََصل َ ٰى‬ َ َ

15 ْ ‫َو َذ ك ََر‬ ٰ ‫ق َْد أفْلَحَ َم ْن ت َ َزك‬
14 ‫ى‬

Translation: “He has certainly succeeded who purifies himself and mentions the name of his
Lord and prays.”

These verses underscore the significance of both inner purification and outward acts of worship
in the life of a believer.

Ahadith on Self-Purification:
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) also emphasized the importance of self-purification through his
teachings and actions. He (S.A.W) said:

“Verily, Allah does not look at your appearance or wealth, but rather He looks at your hearts and
deeds.” (Muslim).

He (S.A.W) also said that :

"Beware! There is a piece of flesh in the body, if it becomes good (reformed), the whole body
becomes good; but if it gets spoilt, the whole body gets spoilt. And that piece of flesh is the
heart." (Bukhari, Muslim)
Steps involved in Self-Purification:
Self-purification involves several practical steps, including sincere repentance (Tawbah), regular
prayer (Salah), remembrance of Allah (Dhikr), avoiding sinful behaviour, and cultivating good
character. The key steps include:

1. Sincere Repentance (Tawbah): This involves seeking forgiveness for past sins with a
genuine intention to reform. It is about turning back to Allah with a clean heart and a
commitment to avoid sinful actions. The Quran states in Surah An-Nur 24:31 :
َ
َ ‫ون ل ََعل َ ُك ْم ت ُ ْف ِّل ُح‬
‫ون‬ َ ‫اّلل َج ِّمي ًعا أيُ َه ال ُْم ْؤ ِّم ُن‬
ِّ َ ‫َوتُوبُوا ِّإلَى‬

“And turn to Allah in repentance, all of you, O believers, that you might succeed.”

The Prophet (PBUH) said:

“The one who repents from sin is like one who did not sin.” (Ibn Majah).

2. Regular Prayer (Salah): Prayer is not merely a ritual but a means to maintain a constant
connection with the Creator. It keeps the believer grounded and spiritually aligned. Allah
(SWT) says:

‫الصل َاةَ ت َ ْن َه ٰى َع ِّن الْف َْح َشا ِّء َوال ُْم ْن َك ِّر‬
َ ‫ِّإِ َن‬

“Indeed, prayer prohibits immorality and wrongdoing...” (Surah Al-Ankabut 29:45).

3. Remembrance of Allah (Dhikr): Engaging in Dhikr purifies the heart, brings
tranquillity, and keeps one mindful of their actions. Reciting phrases like Subhan Allah
(Glory be to Allah), Alhamdulillah (All praise is due to Allah), and Allahu Akbar (Allah
is the Greatest) are highly encouraged. The Quran states:

‫ُوب‬ ِّ َ ‫اّلل ۗ أَل َا ِّب ِّذك ِّْر‬

ُ ‫اّلل ت َْط َمئِّ ُن الْ ُقل‬ َ ‫ال َ ِّذي َن‬
ُ ‫آم ُنوا َوت َْط َمئِّ ُن قُل‬
ِّ َ ‫ُوب ُه ْم ِّب ِّذك ِّْر‬

“Verily, in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find rest.” (Surah Ar-Ra’d 13:28).

4. Avoiding Sinful Behaviour: A conscious effort to stay away from actions that lead to the
displeasure of Allah. This involves controlling desires and avoiding temptations. The
Quran instructs:

َ ‫غَض ُبوا ُه ْم يَ ْغ ِّف ُر‬

‫ون‬ َ ‫َوال َ ِّذي َن َي ْج َت ِّن ُب‬
ِّ ‫ون ك ََبائ َِّر ا ل ِّْإث ِّْم َوالْف ََوا ِّح َش َو ِّإذَا َما‬

“And those who avoid the major sins and immoralities, and when they are angry, they
forgive.” (Surah Ash-Shura 42:37).
5. Cultivating Good Character: Practicing patience, gratitude, humility, and charity. The
Prophet (PBUH) said: “The best among you are those who have the best manners and
character.” (Bukhari).

6. Reciting Quran Daily: One should try to make it a habit to recite Quran daily especially
in the morning. This helps to develop a relationship with Quran. We should also try to
read the translation of Quran to understand the meaning of what we are reciting.

Conclusion
In conclusion, self-purification in Islam is a holistic process that nurtures both the soul
and character. It is a lifelong journey of striving to become a better person in the eyes of
Allah and contributing positively to society. By adhering to the teachings of the Quran
and the Sunnah, a believer can achieve not only spiritual elevation but also a balanced
and contented life.
 Question no. 02 :

Right To Justice In Islam

Justice is one of the central teachings of Islam, deeply rooted in the Quran and the teachings of
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). It is not merely a legal principle but a comprehensive moral and
ethical obligation that governs all aspects of life, including individual behavior, social
interactions, and governance. The Islamic concept of justice encompasses fairness, equity, and
the safeguarding of rights, ensuring that everyone is treated with respect and dignity.

Justice In Light Of Quran:

The Quran emphasizes justice in numerous verses. Allah (SWT) says in Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:8 :

َ َ ‫ى ۖ َواتَقُوا‬
َ َ ‫اّلل ۚ ِّإ َن‬
‫اّلل‬ َ ‫آن ق َْو ٍم عَل َ ٰى أَلَا تَ ْع ِّدلُوا ۚ اعْ ِّدلُوا ُه َو أَق َْر ُب ل‬
ٰ ‫ِّلتق َْو‬ ِّ َ ِّ ‫َيا أَي َُها ال َ ِّذي َن آ َم ُنوا كُونُوا ق ََوا ِّمي َن‬
ُ ‫ّلل شُ َه َدا َء ِّبا لْ ِّق ْس ِّط ۖ َول َا َي ْج ِّر َم َن ُك ْم َش َن‬
‫ُون‬
َ ‫ير ِّب َما تَ ْع َمل‬
ٌ ‫َخ ِّب‬

Translation: “O you who have believed, be persistently standing firm for Allah, witnesses in
justice, and do not let the hatred of a people prevent you from being just. Be just; that is nearer to
righteousness. And fear Allah; indeed, Allah is Acquainted with what you do.”

Another powerful verse states (Surah An-Nisa 4:58):

‫اس أ َ ْن ت َ ْحك ُُموا ِّبا لْ َع ْد ِّل‬ َ ‫َات ِّإل َ ٰى أ َ ْهلِّ َها َو ِّإذَا َحك َْم ُت ْم بَيْ َن‬ ْ َ ‫إِ َن‬
ِّ ‫الن‬ ِّ ‫اّلل َيأ ُم ُرك ُْم أ َ ْن ت ُ َؤدُوا ا ل ْأ َ َما ن‬
َ ِّ

Translation: Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you
judge between people to judge with justice.

Justice In Light Of Hadith:

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) also demonstrated a profound commitment to justice throughout
his life. He said:

“The just will be with Allah on thrones of light: those who are just in their rulings and are fair
with their families and those who are under them.” (Muslim).

This hadith underscores the reward awaiting those who uphold justice, showing that it is a divine
quality appreciated by Allah.
Islamic justice is not only limited to Muslims but extends to all of humanity. The Prophet
(PBUH) said:
 “Beware, if anyone wrongs a contract-bound person (a non-Muslim under Muslim protection),
or diminishes his right, or forces him to work beyond his capacity, or takes anything from him
without his consent, I will plead for him on the Day of Judgment.” (Abu Dawood).

This teaching emphasizes universal justice, showing that Islam condemns all forms of injustice,
irrespective of a person's faith or background.

In another hadith, the Prophet (PBUH) warned against injustice:

"Beware of injustice, for injustice will be darkness on the Day of Resurrection." (Muslim).
This highlights the severe consequences of injustice, motivating believers to act fairly in all
circumstances.

Equality Before the Law:

Islam promotes the equality of all individuals before the law. The Prophet (PBUH) set a
remarkable example when a woman from a noble family committed theft. Some companions
suggested leniency, but the Prophet (PBUH) responded:
"By Allah, if Fatimah, the daughter of Muhammad, were to steal, I would cut off her hand."
(Bukhari).
This incident demonstrates that no one is above the law, ensuring a fair and unbiased justice
system.

Social Justice in Islam:

Justice in Islam is not limited to legal matters but also encompasses social and economic
aspects. The Quran advocates for fairness in trade and commerce:
َ
َ ‫َوأ ْوفُوا الْ َك ْي َل َوالْ ِّمي َز‬
‫ان بِّا لْ ِّق ْس ِّط‬
"And give full measure and weight with justice..." (Surah Al-An'am 6:152).
This instruction ensures transparency and fairness in business transactions, promoting social
justice and preventing exploitation.
During the Khutbah (Sermon) of Hajjatul Wadaa (The Farewell Sermon), Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH) said as mentioned in Sahih Bukhari 1739:
"O people! Your blood, your property, and your honor are sacred to you like the sanctity of this
day of yours, in this month of yours, in this city of yours. Let those who are present inform those
who are absent. You will surely meet your Lord, and He will ask you about your deeds."
He also said:
"All mankind is from Adam and Eve. An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor does a
non-Arab have any superiority over an Arab; a white has no superiority over a black, nor does a
black have any superiority over a white—except by piety and good action."
And regarding justice, he declared as mentioned in Sahih Muslim 2578
"Beware of injustice, for injustice will be darkness on the Day of Resurrection."

Conclusion:
Justice in Islam is a comprehensive principle that governs individual behavior, legal practices,
and societal interactions. It is a divine mandate that emphasizes fairness, equality, and the
protection of rights. The teachings of the Quran and the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) provide a
robust framework for a just and equitable society, where all individuals are treated with respect
and fairness. By adhering to these principles, Muslims can contribute to creating a harmonious
and just world, fulfilling their religious and moral responsibilities.
 Question no 03
Islam and Contemporary World

Introduction
Islam is a global religion with over 1.9 billion followers, and offers comprehensive guidance on
all aspects of life, from spirituality to governance. The teachings of Islam, derived from the
Quran and the Sunnah (lifestyle of the Prophet Muhammad, PBUH), emphasize universal values
such as justice, compassion, truthfulness, and equality. In the contemporary world, Islam's
influence extends to social, political, and cultural spheres, offering solutions to modern
challenges while maintaining its core principles.

The Role of Islam in Modern Society

Islam's teachings on social justice, charity, and ethical conduct remain relevant today. The Quran
states:

‫اس أ َ ْن تَ ْحك ُُموا ِّبا لْ َع ْد ِّل‬ َ ‫َات ِّإل َ ٰى أ َ ْهلِّ َها َو ِّإذَا َحك َْم ُت ْم بَيْ َن‬ ْ َ ‫إ َن‬
ِّ ‫الن‬ ِّ ‫اّلل يَأ ُم ُرك ُْم أ َ ْن ت ُ َؤدُوا ا ل ْأ َ َما ن‬
َ ِّ
"Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge
between people to judge with justice..."
(Surah An-Nisa 4:58)

This verse underscores the importance of justice and fair dealings in all matters.

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) also emphasized justice, saying (Sahih Muslim 1827):
"The just will be with Allah on thrones of light, those who are just in their decisions, with their
families, and in whatever they are in charge of."

Islamic teachings encourage community welfare through Zakat (obligatory charity) and
Sadaqah (voluntary charity).

Islam advocates for the protection of human rights, equality, and the welfare of the marginalized.
The Prophet (PBUH) emphasized this in his Farewell Sermon:
"All mankind is from Adam and Eve. An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor does a
non-Arab have any superiority over an Arab; a white has no superiority over a black, nor does a
black have any superiority over a white—except by piety and good action."
(Musnad Ahmad 23489)
The Prophet (PBUH) said (Sahih Muslim 2588):
"Charity does not decrease wealth. No one forgives another except that Allah increases his
honour, and no one humbles himself for the sake of Allah except that Allah raises his status."

These principles manifest in contemporary humanitarian efforts by Muslim organizations

worldwide, contributing to education, healthcare, and welfare of the society.

Political Influence and Governance

Islamic governance is rooted in principles of justice, consultation (Shura), and accountability.
The Quran instructs in Surah Ash-Shura 42:38 :
َ َ ‫اس َت َجا بُوا ل َِّر ِّب ِّه ْم َوأَقَا ُموا‬ َ
َ ‫ى ب َ ْي َن ُه ْم َو ِّممَا َر َزقْ َنا ُه ْم يُ ْن ِّفق‬
‫ُون‬ َ ‫الصل َاةَ َوأ ْم ُر ُه ْم ُش‬
ٰ ‫ور‬ ْ ‫َوال ِّذي َن‬
"And those who have responded to their lord and established prayer and whose affair is
[determined by] consultation among themselves..."

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) demonstrated these values, emphasizing that leadership is a
trust and a responsibility. He (S.A.W) said as mentioned in (Sahih Bukhari 7138):
"Each of you is a shepherd, and each of you is responsible for his flock."

Many modern Muslim-majority countries incorporate aspects of Sharia (Islamic law) into their
legal systems, balancing religious principles with contemporary governance models. The
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) plays a crucial role in promoting cooperation
among Muslim nations on global issues like peace, climate change and human rights.

Scientific and Educational Contributions

During the Golden Age of Islam, Muslim scholars made significant advancements in fields such
as mathematics, medicine, astronomy, and philosophy. The Quran encourages the pursuit of
knowledge:

َ ُ‫ون َوال َ ِّذي َن ل َا يَ ْعل َم‬

‫ون‬ َ ُ‫قُ ْل َه ْل ي َ ْس َت ِّوي ال َ ِّذي َن يَ ْعل َم‬
"Say, ‘Are those who know equal to those who do not know?’"
(Surah Az-Zumar 39:9)

Renowned scholars like Ibn Sina (Avicenna) in medicine, Al-Khwarizmi in mathematics, and
Ibn al-Haytham in optics laid foundations for modern scientific thought. Their works were the
foundations in the Renaissance and continue to influence contemporary education and research.
The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) emphasized the value of knowledge, stating:
"Seeking knowledge is an obligation upon every Muslim."
(Sunan Ibn Majah 224)

Today, Muslim scholars and institutions continue this legacy, promoting education, research, and
interfaith dialogue.

Addressing Contemporary Challenges

Muslims face challenges such as Islamophobia, political instability, and cultural integration in
non-Muslim societies.

The Quran promotes tolerance and understanding (Surah Al-Hujurat 49:13):

َ ِّ َ ‫الناس إنَا َخل َ ْقنا كُم مِّن ذَ كَر وأُنْثَى وجعلْنا كُم ُشعوبا وقَبائ َِّل لِّ َتعارفُوا ۚ إ َن أَكْرمكُم ِّعند‬ َ
َ َ ‫اّلل أتْقَا ك ُْم ۚ ِّإ َن‬
‫اّلل‬ َ ْ ْ َ َ ِّ َ َ َ َ ً ُ ْ َ َ َ َ ٰ َ ٍ ْ ْ َ ِّ ُ َ ‫يَا أي َُها‬
‫ير‬
ٌ ‫يم َخ ِّب‬
ٌ ِّ‫عَل‬
"O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes
that you may know one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most
righteous of you."

The Prophet (PBUH) emphasized moderation and rejected extremism:

"Beware of extremism in religion, for it destroyed those before you."
(Sunan An-Nasa'i 3057)

Muslim communities and scholars are actively working to combat extremism and promote a
balanced understanding of Islam.

Islam and Globalization

Globalization has enabled the widespread dissemination of Islamic teachings through digital
platforms, social media, and online education. The Quran encourages spreading beneficial
knowledge (Surah Fussilat 41:33) :

ِّ َ ‫َو َم ْن أ َ ْح َس ُن ق َْول ًا ِّممَ ْن َدعَا إِّلَى‬

َ ‫اّلل َو َع ِّم َل َصا لِّ ًحا َوقَا َل إِّنَن ِّي م‬
‫ِّن الْمُ ْس ِّل ِّمي َن‬
Translation : "And who is better in speech than one who invites to Allah and does righteousness
and says, ‘Indeed, I am of the Muslims.’"
Muslim influencers, scholars, and organizations utilize digital tools to share authentic Islamic
teachings, counter misinformation, and engage with global audiences. However, globalization
also presents challenges, including maintaining Islamic identity amidst secular influences. The
Prophet (PBUH) advised (Sahih Muslim 145):
"Islam began as something strange, and it will return to being strange, so blessed are the
strangers."
Islam promotes peace and conflict resolution through dialogue and justice. The Quran states:

ُ ‫لس ِّمي ُع الْ َع ِّل‬

‫يم‬ ِّ َ ‫ِّلسل ِّْم فَا ْجنَحْ لَ َها َوت َ َوك َ ْل عَلَى‬
َ ‫اّلل ۚ ِّإنَ ُه ُه َو ا‬ َ ‫َو ِّإ ْن َج َن ُحوا ل‬
"And if they incline to peace, then incline to it [also] and rely upon Allah. Indeed, it is He who is
the Hearing, the Knowing."
(Surah Al-Anfal 8:61)

Muslim youth navigate these challenges by balancing tradition with modernity, contributing to
vibrant discussions on reinterpreting Islamic principles to suit contemporary contexts.

Islam's Ethical Framework and Modern Morality

Islamic ethics are grounded in the principles of honesty, compassion, transparency, and
integrity. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said:
"The best among you are those who have the best manners and character."
(Sahih Bukhari 3559)
Contemporary issues such as business ethics, environmental conservation, and human rights
align with Islamic teachings. The Quran advocates for fair dealings and transparency in Surah
Hud 11:85 :

‫اس أ َ ْش َيا َء ُه ْم َول َا ت َ ْعث َْوا فِّي ا ل ْأ َ ْر ِّض ُمف ِّْس ِّدي َن‬ َ ‫ان ِّبا لْ ِّق ْس ِّط ۖ َول َا ت َ ْب َخ ُسوا‬
َ ‫الن‬
َ
َ ‫َو يَا ق َْو ِّم أ ْوفُوا الْ ِّمك َْيا َل َوالْ ِّمي َز‬
"O my people! Give full measure and full weight, in all fairness, and do not cheat the people out
of their rights, and do not spread corruption in the land."

Conclusion
Islam remains a vibrant force in the contemporary world, offering timeless guidance for modern
challenges. Through its emphasis on justice, education, compassion, and peace, Islam contributes
to global development and harmony. As global challenges evolve, Islamic teachings provide a
framework for addressing issues like climate change, social inequality, and technological
ethics. As Muslim communities continue to engage with the world, the principles of Islam will
inspire solutions for a better, more just, and prosperous future for all.