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Lec2.

The document discusses server virtualization, highlighting its benefits over traditional server setups, such as reduced hardware use, lower power consumption, and enhanced security. It explains the role of hypervisors in managing virtual machines and outlines different types of hypervisors, including full virtualization and paravirtualization. Additionally, it covers features like VM snapshots, cloning, and live migration, which contribute to efficient resource utilization and cloud computing capabilities.

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fahimanwari58
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1 views

Lec2.

The document discusses server virtualization, highlighting its benefits over traditional server setups, such as reduced hardware use, lower power consumption, and enhanced security. It explains the role of hypervisors in managing virtual machines and outlines different types of hypervisors, including full virtualization and paravirtualization. Additionally, it covers features like VM snapshots, cloning, and live migration, which contribute to efficient resource utilization and cloud computing capabilities.

Uploaded by

fahimanwari58
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Technical Computer Science 6

Virtualization Systems and Technology

Lecture 2

Server Virtualization

Lecturer: Ab. Rahman Vakili


E-Mail: [email protected]
Virtualization

Servers Before Using Virtualizaion:

1: Separate Server for each service:

Problems:

- More Hardware used


- Hight Power consumption
- More physical space (Server Room)
- Powerful Cooling system needed
- ...
Server Virtualization

Servers Before Using Virtualizaion:

2: All Services in One Server:

Problems:

- Security Problem
- All running in same OS
- Single point of Failure
- ...
Server Virtualization

Servers After Using Virtualizaion:

2: All Services in One Server:

Benefits:

- Energy and resource Saving


- Money Saving
By Less:
- Hardware used
- Power consumption
- Physical space (Server Room)
- Power Cooling system needed
- ...
Server Consolidation
Before Virtualization After Virtualization
- Single OS image per Machine - Hardware-independence of OS and Applications

- Running multiple applications on - Virtual machine can be provisioned to any system


same machine often creates conflict
- Encapsulating OS and applications as a single unit
into virtual machines
- Underutilized resources

- Inflexible and costly infrastructure


Virtualization Solution for Resource Saving
What is a hypervisor?
A hypervisor, also called a virtual machine manager (VMM), is
a program that allows multiple operating systems to share a
single hardware host. Each operating system appears to have
the host's processor, memory, and other resources all to itself.
However, the hypervisor is actually controlling the host
processor and resources, allocating what is needed to each
operating system in turn and making sure that the guest
operating systems (called virtual machines) cannot disrupt
each other.
Hypervisor Type

Full virtualization
Multiple Software
Applications
Multiple Software
Applications
• Enables hypervisors to run an
unmodified guest operating system
Operating System Operating System

Virtual Server 1 Virtual Server 2


• Guest OS is not aware that it is
being virtualized.

Hypervisor
• E.g.: VMware
Hardware

CPU Memory NIC DISK


Hypervisor Type

Multiple Software Multiple Software Para virtualization


•
Applications Applications
Involves explicitly modifying guest
Para virtualized Guest Para virtualized Guest
operating system so that it is aware
Operating System Operating System of being virtualized to allow near
Virtual Server 1 Virtual Server 2 native performance.
• Improves performance.
Hypervisor / VMM • Lower overhead.
• E.g.: Xen supports both Hardware
Hardware Assisted Virtualization (HVM) and
Para-Virtualization (PV).

CPU Memory NIC DISK


Hypercall

Each privileged instruction is associated with an emulating hypercall.

Hyper- calls are realized as system calls.

A system call is identified as a hypercall, if it is executed in the VMs logical
privileged mode.

A paravirtualized OS can use hypercalls to communicate with other
guests, call I/O functionality, pass scheduling information to the
hypervisor, or yield the CPU.
Capacity Utilization:
Stand-Alone vs. Virtualized Servers
More Benefits and Features


Host system protected from VMs, VMs protected from each other

Eg: A virus less likely to spread



Sharing is provided though via shared file system volume, network communication

Freeze, suspend, running VM

Then can move or copy somewhere else and resume

Snapshot of a given state, able to restore back to that state

Some VMMs allow multiple snapshots per VM

Clone by creating copy and running both original and copy

Great for OS research, better system development efficiency

Run multiple, different OSes on a single machine

Consolidation, …
More Benefits and Features
Contd ...


Templating – create an OS + application VM, provide it to customers, use it to create
multiple instances of that combination

Live migration – move a running VM from one host to another!

No interruption of user access


All those features taken together -> cloud computing

Using APIs, programs tell cloud infrastructure (servers, networking, storage) to
create new guests, VMs, virtual desktops

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