Scribd
Upload
2 views

263 Lecture Note@OS5

The document discusses the architecture and operation of symmetric multiprocessing and the structure of operating systems. It highlights the importance of multiprogramming and timesharing for efficient CPU usage, allowing multiple jobs to be executed and interacted with simultaneously. Additionally, it covers dual-mode operation for system protection and the role of interrupts and timers in managing processes.

Uploaded by

jival76656
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

263 Lecture Note@OS5

The document discusses the architecture and operation of symmetric multiprocessing and the structure of operating systems. It highlights the importance of multiprogramming and timesharing for efficient CPU usage, allowing multiple jobs to be executed and interacted with simultaneously. Additionally, it covers dual-mode operation for system protection and the role of interrupts and timers in managing processes.

Uploaded by

jival76656
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

 Symmetric Multiprocessing

Fig: Symmetric multiprocessing architecture

Operating System Structure

 Multiprogramming needed for efficiency

o Single user cannot keep CPU and I/O devices busy at all times

o Multiprogramming organizes jobs (code and data) so CPU always has one
to execute
o A subset of total jobs in system is kept in memory

o One job selected and run via job scheduling

o When it has to wait (for I/O for example), OS switches to another job

 Timesharing (multitasking) is logical extension in which CPU switches jobs so


frequently that users can interact with each job while it is running, creating
interactive computing

o Response time should be < 1 second

o Each user has at least one program executing in memory process

o If several jobs ready to run at the same time  CPU scheduling

o If processes don’t fit in memory, swapping moves them in and out to run

o Virtual memory allows execution of processes not completely in memory

 Operating System Operation

 Interrupt driven by hardware

 Software error or request creates exception or trap

o Division by zero, request for operating system service

 Other process problems include infinite loop, processes modifying each other or
the operating system

 Dual-mode operation allows OS to protect itself and other system components

o User mode and kernel mode

o Mode bit provided by hardware

 Provides ability to distinguish when system is running user code or


kernel code

 Some instructions designated as privileged, only executable in


kernel mode

 System call changes mode to kernel, return from call resets it to


user

 Timer to prevent infinite loop / process hogging resources

You might also like