PYQ OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
11 An observer looks at a distant tree of height 10 m with a telescope of magnifying
power of 20. To the observer the tree appears
[JEE (Main)-2016]
(1) 10 times nearer
(2) 20 times taller
(3) 20 times nearer
(4) 10 times taller
Answer (3)
By definition of magnification in telescope object will appear 20 times nearer to the
observer.
2 A green light is incident from the water to the air - water interface at the critical
angle (θ). Select the correct statement
[JEE (Main)-2014]
(1) The entire spectrum of visible light will come out of the water at an angle of 90∘
to the normal
(2) The spectrum of visible light whose frequency is less than that of green light
will come out to the air medium
(3) The spectrum of visible light whose frequency is more than that of green light
will come out to the air medium
(4) The entire spectrum of visible light will come out of the water at various angles
to the normal
Ans 2
3 The value of numerical aperture of the objective lens of a microscope is 1.25 . If
light of wavelength 5000 Å is used, the minimum separation between two points, to
be seen as distinct, will be :
[JEE (Main)-2019]
(1) 0.24 μ m
(2) 0.38 μ m
(3) 0.48 μ m
(4) 0.12 μ m
Answer (1)
1.22 λ
θ min ¿
D
D
¿ 1.25
2f
−10
1.22 λf 1.22 ×5000 ×10
d min ¿ =
D 2.50
¿ ¿
4 If we need a magnification of 375 from a compound microscope of tube length 150
mm and an objective of focal length 5 mm , the focal length of the eye-piece, should
be close to
[JEE (Main)-2020]
(1) 2 mm
(2) 33 mm
(3) 22 mm
(4) 12 mm
Answer (3)
m≃
L
f0( )
1+
D
fe
⇒ 375=
150
5 (1+
250
fe )
250
⇒ 12.5=1+
fe
250
⇒ f e= =21.7
11.5
⇒ f e ≈ 22 mm
5 The aperture diameter of a telescope is 5 m . The separation between the moon and
the earth is 4 ×105 km . With light of wavelength of 5500 Å , the minimum separation
between objects on the surface of moon, so that they are just resolved, is close to
[JEE (Main)-2020]
(1) 20 m
(2) 200 m
(3) 600 m
(4) 60 m
Answer (4)
λ
θ=1.22
a
Distance O1 O2 =(θ) d
(λ
¿ 1.22 d
a )
(1.22) ( 5500 ×10 ) × 4 × 105 × 103
−10
¿
5
¿ 5368 ×10−2 m
¿ 53.68 m
6 The magnifying power of a telescope with tube length 60 cm is 5 . What is the focal
length of its eye piece?
[JEE (Main)-2020]
(1) 30 cm
(2) 10 cm
(3) 20 cm
(4) 40 cm
Answer (2)
For telescope
Tube length (L)=f o +f e
fe
and magnification (m)=
fo
where f o and f e are focal length of objective and eyepiece
∴ f o + f e =60
f o=50 cm¿ f e =10 cm ¿
¿ ¿
7 In a compound microscope, the magnified virtual image is formed at a distance of
25 cm from the eye-piece. The focal length of its objective lens is 1 cm . If the
magnification is 100 and the tube length of the microscope is 20 cm , then the focal
length of the eye-piece lens (in cm) is _________ [JEE (Main)-2020]
Answer (06.25)
For compound microscope the magnification when final image by eye-piece is
formed at D=25 cm (least distance for clear vision)
m=
L
( )
f0
D
1+ =100
fe
1 ( f )
20 25
⇒ 1+ =100
e
25 25
⇒ 1+ =5 ⇒ =4
fe fe
25
⇒ f e = =6.25 cm
4
8 A compound microscope consists of an objective lens of focal length 1 cm and an
eyepiece of focal length 5 cm with a separation of 10 cm . The distance between an
n
object and the objective lens, at which the strain on the eye is minimum is cm.
40
The value of n is ______
[JEE (Main)-2020]
Answer (50.00)
Image by objective is formed at the focus of eyepiece
∴ For objective, v=5 , u , f =1 cm
1 1 1 1 1
− = ⇒ −1=
5 u 1 5 u
5 50
∴∨u∨¿ cm ⇒∨u∨¿ cm
4 40
∴ n=50
9 Given below are two statements: one is labeled as Assertion A and the other is
labeled as Reason R.
Assertion A: For a simple microscope, the angular size of the object equals the
angular size of the image.
Reason R : Magnification is achieved as the small object can be kept much closer to
the eye than 25 cm and hence it subtends a large angle.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the
options given below:
[JEE (Main)-2021]
(1) A is false but R is true
(2) A is true but R is false
(3) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(4) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Answer (4)
Though image size is bigger than object size, the angular size of the image is equal
to the angular size of object
10 Your friend is having eye sight problem. She is not able to see clearly a distant
uniform window mesh and it appears to her as non-uniform and distorted. The
doctor diagnosed the problem as:
[JEE (Main)-2021]
(1) Myopia and hypermetropia
(2) Presbyopia with Astigmatism
(3) Myopia with Astigmatism
(4) Astigmatism
Answer (3)
Myopia with Astigmatism causes distant objects to be blurry and distorted.
11 An object viewed from a near point distance of 25 cm , using a microscopic lens
with magnification ' 6 ', gives an unresolved image. A resolved image is observed at
infinite distance with a total magnification double the earlier using an eyepiece
along with the given lens and a tube of length 0.6 m , if the focal length of the
eyepiece is equal to _____cm.
[JEE (Main)-2021]
Answer (25)
D
m1=1+ ⇒ f =5 cm
f
LD LD
m 2= ⇒ f e= =25 cm
f ofe f o ×m2
12 Alight wave travelling linearly in a medium of dielectric constant 4 , incidents on
the horizontal interface separating medium with air. The angle of incidence for
which the total intensity of incident wave will be reflected back into the same
medium will be :_____
(Given : relative permeability of medium μr =1 )
[JEE(Main)-2022]
(1) 10∘
(2) 20∘
(3) 30∘
(4) 60∘
Answer (4)
n=√ Kμ=2(n ⇒ refractive index )
So for TIR
θ> sin−1 ( 1n )
θ >30
Only option is 60∘
13 Which of the following statement is correct?
[JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) In primary rainbow, observer sees red colour on the top and violet on the
bottom
(2) In primary rainbow, observer sees violet colour on the top and red on the
bottom
(3) In primary rainbow, lightwave suffers total internal reflection twice before
coming out of water drops
(4) Primary rainbow is less bright than secondary rainbow
Answer (1)
In primary rainbow, observer sees red colour on the top and violet on the bottom.
14 In normal adjustment, for a refracting telescope, the distance between objective
and eye piece is 30 cm . The focal length of the objective, when the angular
magnification of the telescope is 2 , will be:____
[JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) 20 cm
(2) 30 cm
(3) 10 cm
(4) 15 cm
. Answer (1)
f0
∵ m=
fe
fo
⇒ 2=
fe
and, I =f 0 +f e
⇒ 30=f o +f e
2
⇒ 30 × =f o
3
⇒ f o=20 cm
f0
⇒ 30=f o +
2
2
⇒ 30 × =f 0
3
15 Given below are two statements :
Statement (I ) : When an object is placed at the centre of curvature of a concave
lens, image is formed at the centre of curvature of the lens on the other side.
Statement (II) : Concave lens always forms a virtual and erect image.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options
given below :
A Statement I is false but Statement II is true
B Both Statement I and Statement II are false
C Both Statement I and Statement II are true
D Statement I is true but Statement II is false
Ans A
16 In an experiment to measure focal length (f ) of convex lens, the least counts of the
measuring scales for the position of object ( u ) and for the position of image (v) are
Δ u and Δ v , respectively. The error in the measurement of the focal length of the
convex lens will be:
A 2f [ Δu Δv
u
+
v ]
Bf [ Δu Δv
u
+
v ]
Cf
2
[ Δu Δv
u
2
+ 2
v ]
Δu Δv
D +
u v
Ans C
17 A convex lens of focal length 40 cm forms an image of an extended source of light
on a photoelectric cell. A current I is produced. The lens is replaced by another
convex lens having the same diameter but focal length 20 cm . The photoelectric
current now is :
I
A
2
(B) 4I1
(C) 2I1
(D) I1
Ans D
18 In a reflecting telescope, a secondary mirror is used to:
A make chromatic aberration zero
B remove spherical aberration
C reduce the problem of mechanical support
D move the eyepiece outside the telescopic tube
Ans D
Reflecting telescopes, also known as reflectors, use a set of mirrors instead of
lenses to gather and focus light. The primary mirror (usually a concave mirror)
gathers the incoming light and reflects it to a focus point. The secondary mirror is
used to redirect this focused light out to where it can be conveniently observed.
In other words, the secondary mirror in a reflecting telescope is used to move the
eyepiece outside the telescopic tube, where the image can be comfortably viewed.
This is especially important for large telescopes, where the focus point may be
inside the telescope tube and inaccessible without a secondary mirror.
19 Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is
labelled as Reason R
Assertion A: The phase difference of two light waves change if they travel through
different media having same thickness, but different indices of refraction.
Reason R: The wavelengths of waves are different in different media.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the
options given below
A Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
B A is correct but R is not correct
C A is not correct but R is correct
D Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Ans D
Assertion A is correct. When light waves travel through different media with
different indices of refraction, the speed of light changes, which in turn changes
the phase of the light waves. This is because the phase of a wave is directly related
to the distance it has traveled, which in this case is affected by the speed of light in
the different media.
Reason R is also correct. The speed of light in a medium is determined by its
refractive index. When light enters a medium with a different refractive index, its
speed, and therefore its wavelength, changes. This is described by the equation v =
c/n, where v is the speed of light in the medium, c is the speed of light in a vacuum,
and n is the refractive index of the medium.
Moreover, R is indeed the correct explanation of A. The change in wavelength (and
therefore phase) of the light waves in different media (as explained in R) is the
reason why the phase difference changes when light waves travel through different
media with the same thickness but different indices of refraction (as stated in A).
20 A microscope is focused on an object at the bottom of a bucket. If liquid with
5
refractive index is poured inside the bucket, then the microscope has to be raised
3
by 30 cm to focus the object again. The height of the liquid in the bucket is:
(A) 50 cm
B 18 cm
C 75 cm
D 12 cm
Ans C
21 A person has been using spectacles of power -1.0 dioptre for distant vision and a
separate reading glass of power 2.0 dioptres. What is the least distance of distinct
vision for this person :
A 50 cm
B 40 cm
C 30 cm
D 10 cm
Ans A
22 A scientist is observing a bacteria through a compound microscope. For better
analysis and to improve its resolving power he should. (Select the best option)
A Decrease the focal length of the eye piece.
B Increase the wave length of the light
C Increase the refractive index of the medium between the object and objective
lens
D Decrease the diameter of the objective lens
Ans C
Explanation
Resolving power of microscope ¿ ( 2 n sinλ θ )
n sin θ=¿ Numerical aperture
n is the refractive index of medium.
