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Computer Architecture Presentation

Computer architecture involves the design and structure of computer hardware and system functionality, focusing on improving performance, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Key components include the CPU, memory, input/output devices, and system interconnects, while instruction set architecture (ISA) and microarchitecture define how processors execute instructions. Emerging trends such as quantum computing and challenges like energy efficiency and security threats are shaping the future of computer architecture.

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280 views13 pages

Computer Architecture Presentation

Computer architecture involves the design and structure of computer hardware and system functionality, focusing on improving performance, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Key components include the CPU, memory, input/output devices, and system interconnects, while instruction set architecture (ISA) and microarchitecture define how processors execute instructions. Emerging trends such as quantum computing and challenges like energy efficiency and security threats are shaping the future of computer architecture.

Uploaded by

rimjhim6391910
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer Architecture

An Introduction to Design and


Organization of Computers
What is Computer Architecture?
• - Study of the design and structure of a
computer's hardware and system
functionality.
• - Includes:
• - Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)
• - Microarchitecture
• - System Design
Goals of Computer Architecture
• - Improve performance
• - Enhance efficiency
• - Reduce costs
• - Ensure compatibility and scalability
Components of Computer
Architecture
• 1. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• - Control Unit
• - Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
• - Registers
• 2. Memory
• - RAM, ROM, Cache
• 3. Input/Output Devices
• 4. System Interconnect
Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)
• - Defines the set of instructions a processor
can execute.
• - Types:
• - RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing)
• - CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing)
• - Examples: ARM, x86
Microarchitecture
• - Internal implementation of the CPU.
• - Components include:
• - Pipelines
• - Caches
• - Branch Predictors
System Design
• - Focuses on integrating components for
overall system performance.
• - Includes:
• - Memory hierarchy
• - Interconnects (e.g., buses)
• - Input/Output systems
Memory Hierarchy
• - Structure for managing memory efficiently:
• - Registers
• - Cache Memory
• - Main Memory (RAM)
• - Secondary Storage (HDD/SSD)
Performance Metrics
• - Key measures:
• - Clock Speed (GHz)
• - Instructions Per Cycle (IPC)
• - Latency and Throughput
• - Power Consumption
Parallel Processing
• - Multiple processors working simultaneously.
• - Types:
• - Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD)
• - Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (MIMD)
Emerging Trends in Computer
Architecture
• - Quantum Computing
• - Neuromorphic Computing
• - Heterogeneous Computing
• - Green Computing
Challenges in Computer
Architecture
• - Balancing performance with energy
efficiency.
• - Managing heat and cooling in processors.
• - Security threats like Spectre and Meltdown.
Conclusion
• - Computer Architecture is fundamental to
technological advancements.
• - Balancing performance, cost, and efficiency
is key to innovation.
• - Future trends promise exciting possibilities.

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