MATH MARATHON: LAST DASH

Relation and function

1. Show that the relation R in the set A= {1,2,3,4,5} given by R= {(a,b): |𝑎 − 𝑏| 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛} is an equivalence relation.
Show that all the elements of {1,3,5} are related to each other and all the elements of {2,4} are related to each
other. But no element of {1,3,5} is related to any element of {2,4}.
𝑥−2
2. Let A= R-{3}, B= R-{1}. If F: 𝐴 → 𝐵 be defined by F(𝑥) = 𝑥−3 , ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴. Then show that F is bijective.
3. Consider 𝐹: 𝑅+ → [−9, ∞] given by 𝐹(𝑥) = 5𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 9. Prove that F is bijective.
4. Let N denote the set of all natural number and R be the relation on N×N defined by (a,b) R (c,d) if
ad(b+c)=bc(a+d). show that R is an equivalence relation.
5. Let A= {𝑥 ∈ 𝑧: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12}. Show that R= {(a,b): a,b ∈ 𝐴, |𝑎 − 𝑏| 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 4} is an equivalence relation.
Find the set of elements related to 1. Also write the equivalence class {2}.
Inverse Trignometric Function
√1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+√1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑥 𝜋
1. Prove that: cot −1 ( ) = 2 , 𝑥 ∈ (0, 2 )
√1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥−√1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
√1+𝑥−√1−𝑥 𝜋 1 −1
2. Prove that: tan−1 ( ) = 4 − 2 cos −1 𝑥 , ≤ 𝑥≤1
√1+𝑥+√1−𝑥 √2
−1 cos 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥 𝜋 𝜋
3. Prove that: tan (1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)= 4 − 2 , 𝑥 ∈ (− 2 , 2 )
−1 4 −1 2
4. Find the value of sin(cos ( ) + tan ( ))
5 3
1
5. Find the value of 𝑥, 𝑖𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛 [sec −1 (𝑥)]=sin(tan−1 2), 𝑥>0

Matrices
−3 2 1 0
1. If A= [ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼 = [ ] , 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑘 𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐴2 + 𝐼 = 𝐾𝐴
1 −1 0 1
2. Express the following matrix as the sum of a symmetric and skew symmetric matrix and verify your result.
3 −2 −4
[ 3 −2 −5]
−1 1 2
cos 𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 0
3. If F(𝑥) = [ sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 0], then show that 𝐹(𝑥)𝐹(𝑦) = 𝐹(𝑥 + 𝑦)
0 0 1
1 0 2
4. If A=[0 2 1] , 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐴3 − 6𝐴2 + 7𝐴 + 2𝐼 = 0
2 0 3
1 2 3 −7 −8 −9
5. Find the matrix X, so that X[ ]=[ ]
4 5 6 2 4 6

Determinants
1 −1 2 −2 0 1
1. Use product [0 2 −3] [ 9 2 −3] to solve the system of equations:
3 −2 4 6 1 −2
𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1, 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 1, 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 2
3 1 2
2. If A=[3 2 −3] , 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴−1 . Hence solve the system of equations:
2 0 −1
3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 4, 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 𝑧 = 5
 1 2 −2 3 −1 1
3. If A= [−1 3 0 ] & 𝐵−1 = [−15 6 −5], Find (𝐴𝐵)−1
0 −2 1 5 −2 2
4. Solve the following system of equations. Using matrices
2 3 10 4 6 5 6 9 20
+𝑦+ = 4, 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧=1, 𝑥 + 𝑦 − = 2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 ≠ 0
𝑥 𝑧 𝑧
5. Solve the following system of linear Equation: 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 4, 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = −3, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 8

Continuity & Differentiability

1. Find the value of a & b such that function F(𝑥) defined by:
5: 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 2
𝑓(𝑥) : {𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏: 𝑖𝑓 2 < 𝑥 < 10 is a continuous function.
21: 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 10
𝑑𝑦
2. If 𝑦 = 𝑥 sin 𝑥 + (sin 𝑥) cos 𝑥 , Find 𝑑𝑥 .
𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝑡
3. Find 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = ,𝑦=
𝑑𝑥 √cos 2𝑡 √cos 2𝑡
4. If 𝑦 = (tan 𝑥)2 , 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤
−1 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 (𝑥 2 +
1)2 𝑦2 + 2𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1)𝑦1 = 2.
5. For what value of K is the function
sin 5𝑥
+ cos 𝑥 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 0
𝑓(𝑥) = { 3𝑥 continuous at 𝑥 = 0?
𝑘, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0
Application of Derivation
1. Prove that the volume of the largest cone that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius a is 8/27 of the volume of
the sphere.
2. Show that the altitude of the right circular cone of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius
R is 4R/3.
3. Show that the semi vertical angle of the right circular cone of given total surface area and maximum volume is
1
sin−1 (3)
3
4. Find the intervals in which the function 𝐹(𝑥) = 2 𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 3 − 45𝑥 2 + 51 𝑖𝑠
a) strictly increasing b) strictly decreasing
5. Find the intervals in which 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 3𝑥 − cos 3𝑥, 0 < 𝑥 < 𝜋, 𝑖s strictly increasing or strictly decreasing.
Integrals
5𝑥+3
1. Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 +4𝑥+10
𝜋⁄ sin 𝑥+cos 𝑥
2. ∫0 4 9+16 sin 2𝑥
𝜋 𝑥 tan 𝑥
3. ∫0 sec 𝑥+tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
4. ∫−1|𝑥 3 − 𝑥|𝑑𝑥
𝜋⁄2 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 cos 𝑥
5. ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
6. ∫ cos(𝑥−𝑎) cos(𝑥−𝑏) 𝑑𝑥
7. ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 Application of Integrals
1. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the curves 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4, 𝑥 = √3𝑦 and 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 lying in
first quadrant.
𝑥2 𝑦2
2. Using integration, find the area of the ellipse + = 1 included between the lines 𝑥 = −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 2
16 4
3. Using integration find the area of the region bounded by the parabola 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 = 9
4. Find the area of the region bounded by the curves 𝑥 2 = 𝑦, 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2 and 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 using integration.
5. Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥|𝑥| and hence find the area bounded by this curve 𝑥 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 and the line
𝑥 = −2 and 𝑥 = 2 using integration.

Differential Equation
𝑑𝑦
1. Show that the differential equation: (𝑥 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 2𝑦 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑡.
2. Find the general solution of the differential equation: 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 + (𝑥 log 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 0
3. Find the general solution of the differential equation: 𝑒 𝑥 tan 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + (1 − 𝑒 𝑥 )𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑦
4. Find the particular solution of the differential equation: − 2𝑥𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 2 ; 𝑦(0) = 5
𝑑𝑥
5. Solve the differential equation:
𝑑𝑦
𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 cot 𝑥 = 0; 𝑥 ≠ 0
𝑑𝑥
Vector Algebra
1. Let 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂, 𝑏⃗⃗=3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ and 𝑐⃗=2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ . Find a vector 𝑑⃗ which is perpendicular to both 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗,
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐⃗. 𝑑⃗=15
2. The scalar product of the vector 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ with a unit vector along the sum of the vectors
𝑏⃗⃗ = 27 + 4 𝑗̂ − 5 𝑘̂ and 𝑐⃗ = 𝜆𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ is equal to 1. Find the value of 𝜆 and hence find the unit vector along
𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗
3. Find |𝑎⃗| and |𝑏⃗⃗|if |𝑎⃗| =2 |𝑏⃗⃗| and (𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗).( 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗)≠12
4. Using vectors Find the area of the △ABC with A(1, 2, 3) B(2, -1, 4) & C(4, 5, -1)
5. Find the angle between the vector 𝑎⃗+𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑎⃗-𝑏⃗⃗ if 𝑎⃗=2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗=3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂ and hence Find a vector
perpendicular to both 𝑎⃗+𝑏⃗⃗ & 𝑎⃗-𝑏⃗⃗
Three-Dimensional Geometry
1. Find the angle between the following pair of lines
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥−5 𝑦−2 𝑧−3
= = 1 and = =
2 2 4 1 8
2. Find the value of P so that the lines
1−𝑥 7𝑦−14 5𝑧−10 7−7𝑥 𝑦−5 6−𝑧
= = and = = are perpendicular to each other.
3 2𝑃 11 3𝑃 1 5
3. Find the shortest distance between the lines whose vector equations are:
𝑟⃗=(𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂)+λ(2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ) and 𝑟⃗=(2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ ) +µ(3𝑖̂ − 5𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂)
4. Find the distance between the lines l1 & l2 given by
l1: 𝑟⃗=(𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂ )+λ (2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂ )
l2: 𝑟⃗=(3𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂)+ µ (4𝑖̂ + 6𝑗̂ + 12𝑘̂)
5. Find the vector & cartesian equation of the line passing through the point (2, 1, 3) and perpendicular to the lines
𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
= 2 = and = =5
1 3 −3 2
 𝑥+1 𝑦+3 𝑧 +5 𝑥−2 𝑦−4 𝑧−6
6. Show that the lines = 5 = 7 and 1 = 3 = 5 intersect. Also Find their point of intersection.
3
𝑥+2 𝑦−3 𝑧+1 𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3
7. Find the equation of the line which intersect the lines = 2 = and = = and passes through
1 4 2 3 4
the point (1, 1, 1)
8. Find the coordinates of the foot of perpendicular and the length of the perpendicular drawn from the point
P(5, 4, 2) to the line 𝑟⃗=(−𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ )+λ(2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂). Also find the image of P in this line.
Linear Programming
1. Maximize: 𝑧 = −𝑥 + 2𝑦
Subject to 𝑥 ≥ 3, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 5, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 6, 𝑦 ≥ 0
2. Minimize & Maximize 𝑧 = 5𝑥 + 10𝑦
Subject to 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 120, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 60, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 ≥ 0, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0
3. Minimize: 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 2𝑦
Subject to 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 3, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 6 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0
4. Minimize & Maximize 𝑧 = 5𝑥 + 2𝑦
Subject: 𝑥 − 2𝑦 ≤ 2, 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 12, −3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 3, 𝑥 ≥ 0 𝑦 ≥ 0, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 ≤ 2
5. Maximize: 𝑧 = 8𝑥 + 9𝑦
Subject: 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 6, 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 ≤ 6 𝑦 ≤ 1 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0

Probability

1. A random variable x has the following probability Distribution

x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 2
P(x) 0 k 2k 2k 3k 𝑘 2𝑘 7𝑘 2 + 𝑘
Determine: 1) k 2)P(x<3) 3)P(x>6) 4)P(0<x<3)
2. Three numbers are selected at random (without replacement) from the first six positive integers. If 𝑋 denotes
the smallest of the three numbers obtained, find the probability distribution of 𝑋. Also, find the mean of the
distribution.
3. A bag contains 5 red & 3 black balls and another contains 2 red & 6 black balls. Two balls are drawn at random
(without replacement) from one of the bags & both are found to be red. Find the probability that balls are
drawn from the first bag.
4. Bag I contains 3 red & 4 black balls & bag II contains 4 red & 5 black balls. Two balls are transferred at random
from bag I to bag II and then a ball is drawn from bag II. The ball so drawn is found to be red in colour. Find the
probability that the transferred balls were both black.
5. A black & red die are rolled

a) Find the conditional probability of obtaining a sum greater than 9 given that the black die resulted in a 5.
b) Find the conditional probability of obtaining the sum 8 given that the red die resulted in a number less than
4.