YONZOE

User Manual
Marine ARPA Radar
Model: YR19 Series

SHANGHAI YONZOE ELECTRONICS & TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD

WWW.YONZOE.COM

Copyright of trademarks and products is protected by law

YONZOE
 MARINE ARPA RADAR
YR19 SERIES
USER MANUAL

CONTENTS
IMPROTANT NOTICE ......................................................................................................I
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS .............................................................................................. II
PREFACE ......................................................................................................................IV
RELATIVE STANDARD ..................................................................................................V
SYSTEM DIAGRAM ....................................................................................................... 7
RADAR SPECIFICATIONS .............................................................................................8
1 RADAR OPERATION ................................................................................................ 12
1.1 Power Switch ................................................................................................... 12
1.2 Transmitter On ................................................................................................. 12
1.3 Keyboard Unit .................................................................................................. 13
1.4 On-screen Boxes and Markers ........................................................................ 15
1.5 Range Scale .................................................................................................... 16
1.6 Presentation Modes .........................................................................................16
1.6.1 Choose presentation mode ....................................................................17
1.6.2 Description of presentation modes ........................................................ 17
1.7 Pulse Length Selection .................................................................................... 19
1.8 Video Contrast Configuration ...........................................................................20
1.9 Interference Process ........................................................................................21
1.10 Scan Process .................................................................................................21
1.11 Echo Stretch .................................................................................................. 22
1.12 Noise Process ................................................................................................22
1.13 Target Trails ................................................................................................... 22
1.13.1 True or Relative Trails ..........................................................................22
1.13.2 Trail time .............................................................................................. 23
1.13.3 Trail gradation ...................................................................................... 23
1.13.4 Erase trails ...........................................................................................24
1.14 EBL ................................................................................................................ 24
1.14.1 Measure bearing by EBL ..................................................................... 24
1.14.2 True or relative bearing ........................................................................29
1.14.3 Collision Assessment by offset EBL .................................................... 30
1.15 Tuning the Radar ........................................................................................... 31
1.15.1 Tune Scan ........................................................................................... 31
1.15.1 Choose the Tuning Method ..................................................................31
1.16 Adjust the Sensitivity ...................................................................................... 32
1.17 Reduce Sea Clutter ....................................................................................... 32
1.18 Reduce Rain Clutter ...................................................................................... 33
 1.18.1 RAIN Adjustment ................................................................................. 33
1.19 Monitor Brilliance ........................................................................................... 34
1.20 Brilliance Setting ............................................................................................ 34
1.21 Target Alarm ...................................................................................................35
1.21.1 Set Alarm Zone .................................................................................... 35
1.21.2 Close Alarm Zone ................................................................................ 35
1.21.3 Alarm Zone Mode ................................................................................ 36
1.22 Watch Man .....................................................................................................36
1.23 Cursor ............................................................................................................ 36
1.24 Measure Range ............................................................................................. 39
1.24.1 Use Fixed Range Ring .........................................................................39
1.24.2 Use VRM ............................................................................................. 39
1.25 Markers ..........................................................................................................42
1.25.1 Heading line .........................................................................................42
1.25.2 North marker ........................................................................................42
1.26 Own Ship Symbol .......................................................................................... 42
1.27 Main Menu ..................................................................................................... 42
1.28 Off Center the Display ....................................................................................43
1.29 Wiper ............................................................................................................. 44
1.30 System Alerts .................................................................................................44
1.30.1 Alert or alarm description ..................................................................... 45
1.30.2 Alarm List .............................................................................................47
1.31 PI Line ............................................................................................................47
1.31.1 PI line select ........................................................................................ 48
1.31.2 Adjust PI line ........................................................................................48
1.31.3 PI Line Bearing Reference ...................................................................48
1.31.4 PI line mode .........................................................................................49
1.31.5 PI line number ..................................................................................... 49
1.31.6 Rest PI line .......................................................................................... 50
1.31.7 PI line edit ............................................................................................51
1.32 Full Screen .....................................................................................................52
2 RADAR OBSERVATION ............................................................................................ 53
2.1 General ............................................................................................................ 53
2.1.1 RADAR Distance Measurement ............................................................ 53
2.1.2 Radar Resolution ................................................................................... 54
2.1.3 Bearing Accuracy ...................................................................................54
2.1.4 Range Measurement ............................................................................. 55
2.2 False Echoes ................................................................................................... 55
2.2.1 Multiple Echoes ..................................................................................... 55
2.2.2 Sidelobe Echoes ....................................................................................56
2.2.3 Virtual Image ..........................................................................................56
2.2.4 Shadow Sectors .................................................................................... 57
2.3 RACON ............................................................................................................57
 2.4 Radar Target Enhancer (RTE) ......................................................................... 58
3 TARGET TRACKING（TT） ......................................................................................59
3.1 Usage Precautions .......................................................................................... 59
3.2 Controls for TT ................................................................................................. 60
3.3 Showing, hidden TT Icons ............................................................................... 60
3.4 Automatic Acquisition .......................................................................................61
3.5 Terminating Tracking of Targets ....................................................................... 61
3.5.1 Cancel individual targets ........................................................................62
3.5.2 Cancel tracking on all targets ................................................................ 62
3.6 Manual Acquisition ...........................................................................................62
3.7 Lost Target ....................................................................................................... 63
3.7.1 Set the lost target filter ...........................................................................63
3.8 TT Symbols ......................................................................................................64
3.8.1 TT Symbols ............................................................................................64
3.8.2 TT symbol brilliance ...............................................................................65
3.8.3 TT symbol color ..................................................................................... 65
3.9 Target Data ...................................................................................................... 65
3.9.1 Display target data .................................................................................65
3.9.2 Sort the target list .................................................................................. 66
3.10 TT Vector Mode ............................................................................................. 66
3.10.1 Description of TT vectors ..................................................................... 67
3.10.2 TT Vector setting ..................................................................................67
3.11 TT Past Position Display ................................................................................ 68
3.12 TT CPA/TCPA Alarm ...................................................................................... 68
3.12.1 CPA/TCPA setting ................................................................................69
3.12.2 CPA/TCPA alarm Confirmation ............................................................ 69
3.13 Capture Zone .................................................................................................69
3.13.1 Activate Capture Zone ......................................................................... 69
3.13.2 Sleep, Deactivate Capture Zone ..........................................................70
3.13.3 Acknowledge the Capture Zone Alarm ................................................ 70
3.13.4 Capture Zone Reference ..................................................................... 70
3.14 TT System Messages .................................................................................... 70
3.15 Criteria for Selecting Targets for Tracking ...................................................... 71
3.15.1 Acquisition and Tracking ...................................................................... 71
3.15.2 Qualitative Description of Tracking Error ............................................. 72
3.16 Factors Affecting TT Functions ...................................................................... 72
3.16.1 Sea Returns .........................................................................................72
3.16.2 Rain and Snow .................................................................................... 72
3.16.3 Low Clouds ..........................................................................................72
3.16.4 Low Gain ............................................................................................. 72
3.16.5 Second Trace Echoes ..........................................................................73
3.16.6 Blind and Shadow Sectors ...................................................................73
3.16.7 Indirect Echoes .................................................................................... 73
 3.16.8 Radar Interference ...............................................................................73
4 AIS OPERATION ....................................................................................................... 74
4.1 Show, Hide AIS display .................................................................................... 74
4.2 Activate AIS ......................................................................................................76
4.3 Sleep AIS ......................................................................................................... 76
4.4 Display AIS Data ..............................................................................................76
4.4.1 AIS basic data ........................................................................................76
4.4.2 Remove AIS data display .......................................................................76
4.4.3 Cancel tracking on an AIS from target data display ............................... 77
4.5 AIS Symbol Attributes ...................................................................................... 77
4.5.1 AIS symbol brilliance ..............................................................................77
4.5.2 AIS symbol color .................................................................................... 77
4.6 Past Position Display ....................................................................................... 77
4.7 AIS Lost ........................................................................................................... 77
4.8 AIS Collision Alarm .......................................................................................... 78
4.8.1 CPA/TCPA Setting ................................................................................. 78
4.8.2 Acknowledge the Collision Alarm ...........................................................79
4.9 AIS System Messages ..................................................................................... 79
5 RADAR INSTALLATION ............................................................................................ 80
5.1 List of Radar .................................................................................................... 80
5.2 Antenna and Transceiver ................................................................................. 80
5.2.1 Installation Notes: .................................................................................. 80
5.2.2 Assembling the Antenna Unit: ................................................................82
5.2.3 Mounting the Antenna Unit to the Platform ............................................ 83
5.3 Processor & Display Unit ................................................................................. 84
5.3.1 General Installation Method: ..................................................................84
5.3.2 Embedded Mounting ............................................................................. 84
5.3.3 Desktop Mounting ..................................................................................87
5.4 Wiring ...............................................................................................................89
5.5 Setting and Adjustment .................................................................................... 90
5.5.1 Tune Scan ............................................................................................. 90
5.5.2 Heading Alignment ................................................................................ 90
5.5.3 Distance Adjustment .............................................................................. 92
5.5.4 Suppressing Main Pulse ........................................................................ 92
5.5.5 Noise ring suppression .......................................................................... 93
5.5.6 Blind sector setting ................................................................................ 93
5.5.7 Radar Information Settings .................................................................... 93
5.6 Installation List and Drawings .......................................................................... 95
6 MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING ........................................................... 96
6.1 Periodic Maintenance ...................................................................................... 97
6.2 Life Expectancy of Major Parts ........................................................................ 98
6.3 Replace the fuse ..............................................................................................99
6.4 Easy Troubleshooting ...................................................................................... 99
 6.5 Advanced-level Troubleshooting ...................................................................... 99
6.6 Diagnostics .................................................................................................... 100
6.7 Network ..........................................................................................................105
6.7.1 Set Network Parameters ......................................................................105
6.7.2 Update Radar System ......................................................................... 106
8 APPENDIX 2 MENU TREE ...................................................................................... 107
9 APPENDIX 4 ............................................................................................................ 111
Digital Interface .................................................................................................... 111
Input sentences .............................................................................................111
Output sentences .......................................................................................... 111
Data reception ...............................................................................................111
Data sentences ............................................................................................. 111
10 INTERCONNECTION DIAGRAMS ........................................................................ 136
IMPROTANT NOTICE

 This manual is intended for those who are familiar with simplified Chinese and
common nautical English terms.
 Please be sure to read the operation methods provided in this manual. The
company is not responsible for any injury caused by incorrect operation or
maintenance.
 The company will not be responsible for any damage caused by copying or
reproducing any content of this manual without written permission.
 The contents of this manual and equipment specifications are subject to change
without notice.
 The screen display (or icon) examples in this manual may not match your screen
display. The screen you see depends on your system configuration and device
settings.
 The Company will not be responsible for any damage caused by improper use,
unauthorized agent, or third-party modification of equipment (including software).
 The Company reserves the right to interpret the icons, signs, registered trademarks,
etc. used in this article.
 The local industrial waste disposal specification must be followed when discarding
this product.
 During installation, the antenna end cover, the connection between the antenna unit
and the transceiver unit needs to be coated with the specified glue, and waterproof
treatment should be done.

I
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
RF RADIATION HAZARD
The radar antenna emits electromagnetic RF energy which can be harmful.
Particularly to the human eyes. Never look directly into the antenna aperture from a
close distance while the radar is in operation or expose yourself to the transmitting
antenna at a close distance. Distances at which RF radiation level of 100, 50 and
10w/m2 are given as the table below.
Note: If the antenna unit is installed at a close distance in front of the wheel house,
you can set a certain sector of antenna revolution.
You can consult the installer if possible.

WARNING
No one navigational aid should be relied upon for the safety of vessel and crew. The
navigator has the responsibility to check all aids available to confirm position. Electronic
aids are not a substitute for basic navigational principles and common sense.

WARNING
 This TT automatically tracks which automatically or manually acquired radar targets
and calculates their courses and speeds, indicating them with vectors. Since the
data generated by the auto plotter are based on selected radar targets, the radar
must always be optimally tuned for use with the auto plotter, to ensure required
targets will not be lost or unwanted targets such as sea returns and noise will not be
acquired and tracked.

II
 A target does not always mean a land-mass, islands, reefs, ships, or other surface
vessel, but can imply returns sea surface and clutter. As the level of clutter changes
with environment, the operator should properly adjust the SEA, RAIN and GAIN
control to be sure target echoes are eliminated from the radar screen.

CAUTION
The plotting accuracy and response of this TT meets IMO standard.

Tracking performance is affected by the following:

 Tracking accuracy is affected by course change. One to two minutes is required to

restore vectors to full accuracy after an abrupt course change. (The actual amount
depends on gyrocompass specifications.)

 The amount of tracing delay is inversely proportional to the relative speed of the
target.

 Tracking accuracy is affected by the following:

- Echo intensity

- Radar transmission pulse width

- Radar bearing error

- Gyrocompass error

- Course change (own ship and target)

 The data generated by TT, AIS and video plotter are intended for reference only. Refer
to official nautical charts for detailed and up to date information.

Note: According to IMO MSC.192(79), for ships capable of speeds in excess of 30 kn

are typically high-speed craft.

III
PREFACE
Thank you for your choice of the YONZOE YR19 Series Marine Radar. You will feel
how YONZOE design it with quality and reliability.
For long years YONZOE Electronics and Technology Co., Ltd has enjoyed an
enviable reputation for innovative. However, no machine can perform its intended
function unless installed, operated, and maintained properly. Please carefully read and
follow the recommended procedures for operation and maintenance.
We would appreciate hearing from you, the end user, about whether we are
achieving our purposes.

FEATURES
 High resolution 12.1 ", 15", 17 ", 19" TFT LCD is optional.

 Antenna and power can be selected to suit different ship types.

 This series of radar has TT, AIS, waypoint plotting and other functions.

 Convenient and simple menu operation mode.

 12.1 ", 15"display and control integration is not only convenient but also reliable.

 Comply with relevant industry standards.

 There is a target capture area to capture and track targets entering the area and
give an alarm.

 There is a warning area to monitor the targets entering or leaving the area and
give an alarm.

 TCPA/CPA collision avoidance alarm function.

IV
RELATIVE STANDARD
1. MSC.192(79) The revised Performance Standards for Radar Equipment.
2. IMO Res.A.823(19) Performance standards for Automatic Radar Plotting Aids (ARPAs)
3. IMO Resolution A.694(17)General Requirements for Shipborne Radio Equipment
Forming Part of The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System(GMDSS) and For
Electronic Navigational Aids
4. IMO Resolution MSC.191(79)Performance Standards for The Presentation of
Navigation-Related Information on Shipborne Navigational Displays
5. IEC 62388-2013 Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems --
Shipborne radar -- Performance requirements, methods of testing and required test results.
6. IEC 60945:2002/COR:2008 Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and
systems – General requirements – Methods of testing and required test results.
7. IEC 61162 Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems-Digital
interfaces.
8. IEC 62288-2014 Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems --
Presentation of navigation-related information on shipborne navigational displays -- General
requirements, methods of testing and required test results.

PROGRAM NUMBER
MODULAR PROGRAM NO VERSION
MB 1933000-00.xx 1.0
DISPLAY 1933000-00.xx 1.0
KEYBOARD 1933000-00.xx 1.0
RF 1933000-00.xx 1.0

NOTE: The program number which you see is exactly depending on your radar.

SIGNAL PROCESSING FUNCTIONS

This radar has signal processing functions described in the table below. All signal
processing functions are set with picture feature. See other sections in this user manual
for additional information.

FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
Enlarge target echoes, especially small echoes. Suppress
Echo Stretch interferences, sea clutter and rain clutter before using echo
stretch, to prevent the enlargement of unwanted echoes.

Scan Process The radar samples echo with each scan. Targets that show a
large change with each scan are judged as clutter and are
V
 reduced to display only echoes from legitimate targets.
Requires position and speed data.
Suppress white noise and increase the S/N ratio to improve
Noise Process
picture clarity.
Suppress interference transmitted by other radars.
Interference Process Interference received simultaneously from many radars can
be difficult to reduce.
Suppress unwanted echoes that appear after the sweep
Wiper Process
completes a scan.

VI
SYSTEM DIAGRAM

7
RADAR SPECIFICATIONS

1. RADAR TYPE:

Antenna unit

1.1 Antenna type： Waveguide Slot Antenna

1.2 Working frequency： 9410±30MHz，X- band

1.3 Peak power： 4kW/6kW/10.5kW/25kW

1.4 Antenna polarization： Horizontal polarization

1.5 Antenna speed： 24rpm 100kn wind speed

1.6 Beam width and sidelobe suppression：

model RAX12C RAX18C

length of antenna 4ft(1.2m) 6ft(1.8m)

Horizontal beam width 1.85° 1.35°
Vertical beam width 22° 22°
Within ± 10 °sidelobe suppression -24dB -28dB
Outside ± 10 °sidelobe suppression -30dB -32dB
1.7 Pulse width and pulse repetition frequency：
Pulse type pulse width (us) Pulse repetition frequency PRF（Hz）
S 0.08 2100
M 0.3 1200
L 0.8 600
Intermediate Frequency:60MHz

Noise figure:6dB

8
2. Display and control unit

2.1 Radar image： 32 gray levels, yellow, green and red color.

2.2 Display Size：

Name RDS12 RDS15 RDS17 RDS19
Display Size 12.1″ 15″ 17″ 19″
Display 800×600 1024*768 1280*1024 1280*1024
Resolution
Effective Display 183mm 228mm 264mm 290mm
Diameter
2.3 Measuring range, distance to standard circle and distance to standard circle

(distance unit: nautical miles)

Select IMO Radar

Range Scale (nm or km） 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.5 2
No. of Range 5 5 4 5 4 5 4
Ring Interval (nm or km) 0.025 0.05 0.125 0.15 0.25 0.3 0.5
Range Scale (nm or km） 3 6 12 24 32 48 64
No. of Range 5 4 4 4 4 4 4
Ring Interval (nm or km) 0.6 1.5 3 6 8 12 16

Select RS Radar:
Range Scale (nm or km） 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.6 2
No. of Range 5 5 4 5 4 4 4
Ring Interval (nm or km) 0.025 0.05 0.125 0.15 0.25 0.4 0.5
Range Scale (nm or km） 3.2 4 8 16 32 48 64
No. of Range 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Ring Interval (nm or km) 0.8 1 2 4 8 12 16

2.4 Minimum operating distance： 15m

2.5 Range resolution： 15m

2.6 Distance accuracy： Range 1% or up to 10 m, (choose maximum)

accuracy)

9
 2.7 Azimuth resolution： 1°

2.8 Azimuth accuracy： 1°

2.9 Display mode： Head-up, Head-up true bearing, North-up

North-up true motion, Course-up

2.10 Tuning function： Automatic or manual.

2.11 TT plotting function: automatic (a capture area) or manual capture;

Up to 30 targets at 12.1 "and 15",

100 targets at 17 "and 19", 0.1NM-24NM

2.12 AIS： 500 targets

2.13 Radar navigation map: Waypoint, Route, Coastline, Buoy etc.

2.14 Warning area: 1 sector area, for entering or exiting

alarm.

2.15 Capture area: Supports a sector.

2.16 Self inspection function: Voltage, Current, Temperature,

Interface,

Version information, interface data, etc.

2.17 Silent Zone: 2 silent zones can be set.

2.18 Watching function: It is optional to watch for 1 to 60 minutes.

(When the watch time is 1 minute after the launch, different target alarms are found.

It is suitable for scenarios where continuous launch is not required and special

targets are kept alert.)

3. Interface（IEC 61162）

4.1 Input signal（IEC 61162）

： AIS, THD (gyrocompass or satellite compass

EPFS (GNSS)

SMDE

4.2 Output signal： Alarm output, VGA output, TT DATA (optional)

10
4. Power Supply

source nominal (V) Range (V) power (W)

DC 24 10~36 100

5. Environment Condition（IEC 60945）

6.1 Working Temperature

Outdoor Unit (antenna + transceiver): -25~+55℃

Indoor Unit (Processor, Keyboard): -15~+55℃

Storage Temperature： -30~+70℃

Relative Humidity： 95%（+40℃）

6.2 Waterproof Performance

Outdoor Unit (antenna + transceiver): IPX6 (IEC 60529)

Indoor Unit (Processor, Keyboard): IPX0 (IEC 60529)

6.3 EMC: IEC60945 Ed.4

11
1 RADAR OPERATION
1.1 Power Switch
Press Radar Power switch（ ）to open radar system, to turn off the radar, press the
switch again.

The screen shows YONZOE trademark logo first, and then show the scale and
digital timer, and other assistant information approximately 30seconds after power-on.

The digital timer will count down three minutes (related to the time of the radar
power off, count down may be short if power off time is short) of warm-up time. During
this period the magnetron (transmitter tube) is warmed for transmission. When the timer
has reached 0:00, the indication "***STANDBY***" appears at the screen, meaning the
radar is now ready to transmit pulses. In the stand-by condition, markers, rings, map,
charts, etc. are not shown. Further, TT and AIS are not shown. During this period the
magnetron warm-up time or/and in the stand-by condition, the screen also shows
“TOTAL ON xx H xxM” (radar total work time) and “TOTAL TX xx H xxM” (magnetron
total work time )。
NOTE1: Do not turn power on directly after it has been turned off. Wait several seconds
before you repower on, to be sure the radar starts up properly.
NOTE2: Parameters set on the menus are stored in a non-volatile memory, and are
preserved when the power is turned off.
NOTE3: Don not damages the plastic cap, YONZOE assumes no liability or
responsibility for injuries caused by its damage.
NOTE4: Please don’t turn power off while timer has not reached 0:00, otherwise it may
cause some mistake.

1.2 Transmitter On
After power on and the magnetron has warmed up, you may transmit by pressing
the <STBY TX> key on the keyboard.
The radar is initially set to previously used range and pulse length. Other settings
such as brilliance levels, VRMs, EBLs and menu option selections are also set to
previous settings.
The <STBY TX> key toggles the radar between standby and transmit status. The
antenna stops in standby and rotates in transmit. The magnetron ages with time
12
resulting in a reduction of output power. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the
radar be set to standby when not used for an extended period of time.

1.3 Keyboard Unit

The keys on the keyboard of 12.1”and15” processor unit are described as table
below.
Keyboard Control Function Description
POWER Turns the system on and off
Up Move cursor, choose by menu
Down Move cursor, choose by menu
Left Move cursor, choose by menu
Left-Up Move cursor
Left-Down Move cursor
Right Move cursor, choose by menu
Right-Up Move cursor
Right-Down Move cursor
ENTER Enter Input
MENU Open / close other menus
CANCEL/HL OFF Temporarily erases the heading line while pressed
EBL Choose EBL
VRM Choose VRM
OFF CENTER Display Off center
RANGE + Chooses radar range up
RANGE - Chooses radar range down
TRAIL Cancels all target trails.
ALARM ACK Silences audible alarm.
STBY/T Toggles between stand-by and transmit.
GAIN Adjusts sensitivity of the radar receiver.
SEA Suppresses rain clutter.
RAIN Suppresses sea clutter.
BRILL Adjust brightness

13
The keys on the keyboard of 17” or 19” processor unit are described as table below.
Keyboard Control Function Description
POWER Turns the system on and off
Track Ball Move cursor
F1 Shortcut Key
TGT ACQ Displays target data for TT
TGT DEL Cancels target data for TT
MULTI Knob to adjust brightness, VRM, EBL or PI etc.
ESC Cancel or quit
ENT Enter input
MENU Open / close other menus
BRILL Press BRILL，use knob to adjust brightness
HL OFF Heading line OFF
EBL Choose EBL with multi knob
VRM Choose VRM with multi knob
OFF CENT Off center setup
RANGE + Chooses radar range up
RANGE - Chooses radar range down
TRAIL Cancels all target trails.
ALARM ACK Silences audible alarm.
STBY/T Toggles between stand-by and transmit.
GAIN Adjusts sensitivity of the radar receiver.
SEA Suppresses rain clutter.
RAIN Suppresses sea clutter.
BRILL Adjust brightness

14
1.4 On-screen Boxes and Markers
After power on, and connected with gyro, EPFS, AIS, log, you may see the 12.1”
display shows figure like below.

15” display shows figure like below.

15
 17” or 19” display shows figure like below.

1.5 Range Scale

The selected range scale, range ring intervals are shown at the upper left corner on
the screen. Choose proper range scale to let the targets located at suitable location on
the display, do the followings to change the range scale.

Continue to press the <RANGE +> key to increase range scale.

Continue to press the <RANGE -> key to decrease range scale.

NOTE1：Cursor in operational display area（round area as described in section 1.4）

shows cross shape（ ），while outside shows arrow shape（ ）。

1.6 Presentation Modes

This radar has the following presentation modes:
Relative Motion (RM)
1) Head up: Unsterilized

2) Head up TB: Head-up with compass-stabilized bearing scale (True Bearing)

where the bearing scale rotates with the compass reading.

3) Course up: Compass-stabilized relative to ship’s orientation at the time of

16
 selecting course-up.

4) North up: Compass-stabilized with reference to north.

True Motion (TM)

1) North up: Ground or sea stabilized with compass and speed inputs

NOTE: When the compass signal is lost, the presentation mode automatically
becomes head rm up，and can be change to stern up mode, all TT and AIS
targets and north mark are erased. After restoring the compass signal, you can
choose other presentation modes.

1.6.1 Choose presentation mode

1) Move cursor to [display mode] of left-up corner of screen.

2) Press [Enter] button in the keyboard to toggle display mode.

1.6.2 Description of presentation modes

a) Head-up mode
The head-up mode is a display in which the line connecting own ship and the top of
the display indicates own ship’s heading. The azimuth scale is zero and the azimuth
scale is fixed.
The targets’ distances and directions are relative to own ship’s heading. The heading
line points to 0 degree of bearing scale and stays unchanged. Usually, no compass or
GNSS is needed in this mode.

b) Head up TB (True Bearing) mode

In this mode，radar echoes are shown in the same way as in the head up mode. The
difference from head up mode lies in the orientation of the bearing scale. The bearing

17
scale is heading sensor stabilized.
That is, it rotates in accordance with the heading sensor signal, enabling you to know
own ship’s heading at a glance. This mode is available when the radar is connected with
a gyrocompass. If the gyrocompass fails, the bearing scale returns to the state of head
up mode.

c) North-up TM mode
In this mode, the north mark always direct to 0° of bearing scale, own ship and other
moving objects move in accordance with their true courses and speed. In ground
stabilized TM, all fixed targets, such as landmasses, appear as stationary echoes. In the
sea stabilized TM without set and drift inputs, the landmass can move on the screen.
Note that true motion is not available on 64NM range scale. If COG (course over ground)
and SOG (speed over ground) are not available on TM mode, please enter the set (tide
direction) and drift (tide speed) manually referring to the Tide Table.

In this mode, when own ship reaches a point corresponding to 75% of the radius of
the display, own ship position is automatically reset to a point of 75% radius opposite to
the extension of the heading line passing through the display center.
Note that true motion is not available on 64NM range scale. If COG (course over
ground) and SOG (speed over ground) are not available on TM mode, please enter the
set (tide direction) and drift (tide speed) manually referring to the Tide Table.

18
 true motion reached 75% of automatically reset
display radius to 75% of radius
d) Course up mode
The course up mode is an azimuth-stabilized display in which a line connecting the
center with the top of the display indicates own ship’s intended course (namely, own
ship’s previous heading just before this mode has been selected).
Targets’ distances and directions are measured relative to the intended course,
which is maintained at the 0-degree position. The heading line moves in accordance
with ship’s yawing and course change. This mode is useful to avoid smearing of picture
during course change. This mode needs gyrocompass.

1.7 Pulse Length Selection

The radar pulse length in use is displayed in the menu.

Pulse indication Pulse length（us） PRF(Hz)

S 0.08 2100

M 0.3 1200

L 0.8 600

Appropriate pulse lengths have been preset to individual range scales. If you are not
satisfied with the current pulse length settings, you may change them as below.
Generally wider pulse length has longer detection range, while narrow pulse length
has better resolution and better performance for clutter.
19
1) Press [MENU] to choose [ECHO] by up or down button.

2) Enter [ECHO] via <Left> or <Right> button, or <MULT> knob, or track ball, then
choose [PULSE] via <Up> or <Down>, or <MULT> knob.
3) Enter [PULSE] via <Left> or <Right> button, or <MULT> knob, or track ball, then
choose your pulse length via <Up> or <Down>, or <MULT> knob.
4) Press [MENU] to quit.

1.8 Video Contrast Configuration

In actual use, you may expect to adjust the video contrast to adapt to the
surrounding environment. After open [ECHO] menu according to the operation in #1.7 of
the previous section, select the video contrast and set the corresponding options.
1-4: Range of contrast control, 1: maximum contrast range, 4: minimum contrast range.
Wide: for big target.
Middle: between W and S.
Small: for small target.
Curve of video contrast as below figure shown:

20
1.9 Interference Process

Mutual radar interference may occur in the vicinity of other shipborne radar
operating in the same frequency band. It is seen on the screen as a number of bright
spikes either in irregular patterns or in the form of usually curved spoke-like dotted lines
extending from the center to the edge of the picture.
Activating the interference process function can reduce this type of interference.
The interference process is a kind of signal correlation function. It compares the
received signals over successive transmissions and reduces randomly occurring signals.
There are three levels of interference process depending on the number of
transmissions that are correlated.

To active the interference process function, do the followings:

1) Open [Menu] to choose [INT Process], according to section 1.7.
2) Press [Menu] to quit.

1.10 Scan Process

Scan process uses scan-to-scan signal correlation technique based on the true
motion over the ground of each target. Thus, small stationary targets such as buoys will
be shown while reducing random echoes such as sea clutter. Scan process is not
however effective for picking up small targets running at high speeds over the ground.
NOTE 1: Do not use the scan process function under heavy pitching and rolling; loss of
21
 targets can result.
NOTE 2: scan process requires heading, position and speed data.
Before using the scan process function, reduce sea clutter with the SEA rotary.
Leave a little sea clutter on the screen so as not to erase weak targets. Then, do as
follows:
1) Open [Menu] to choose [SCAN Process], according to section 1.7.
2) Press [Menu] to quit.

1.11 Echo Stretch

The echo stretch function enlarges targets in the range and bearing directions to
make them easier to see, and it is available on any range. There are three types of echo
stretch, 1, 2 and 3, and the higher the number the greater the amount of stretch.
NOTE: The echo stretch magnifies not only small target pips but also returns (clutter)
from sea surface, rain and radar interference. For this reason, make sure these types of
interference have been sufficiently reduced before activating the echo stretch.
To active the echo stretch function, do the followings:
1) Open [Menu] to choose [ECHO STRETCH], according to section 1.7.
2) Press [Menu] to quit.

1.12 Noise Process

White noise may show itself on the screen as random "speckles" spread over the
entire radar operational display area. You can adjust the noise as follows:
1) Open [Menu] to choose [NOISE PROCESS], according to section 1.7.
2) Press [Menu] to quit.

1.13 Target Trails

The trails of the radar echoes (targets) may be displayed in the form of synthetic
afterglow. Target trails are shown either relative or true and may be sea or ground
stabilized. True motion trails require a compass signal, and position and speed data.
True target trails can effectively distinguish prohibited targets from moving targets,
which is particularly important in actual navigation.

1.13.1 True or Relative Trails

Target trails can be plotted in true or relative motion. Relative trails show relative
movements between targets and own ship. True motion trails present true target
22
movements in accordance with their over-the-ground speeds and courses. If there is no
compass or position or speed signal, the true tails won’t be plotted.

1) Open menu to choose [TRIAL] via <up> or <down> button, <MULT> knob or
track ball.
2) Enter [TRAIL] menu, via <left>, <right> or <MULT> knob and <ENT> button, to
choose relative trail mode.
3) Press [MENU] to quit.

1.13.2 Trail time

Set your suitable trail time in section 1.13.1. Generally, the longer trail time, the
larger the target trail. You can also press shortly the <TRAIL> key to set trail time.
Note1: The trail is accumulated slowly, rather than being displayed immediately
according to the selected trail time.
Note2: If "00:00" is selected for trail time, the trail display will be turned off.

1.13.3 Trail gradation

The trail can be selected in a single tone or gradual shading.
In [TRAIL] menu to adjust [TRAIL GRAD]

23
1.13.4 Erase trails
A. by keyboard：
Close all menu, press <TRAIL> key, the trails will be erased.
B. by trackball
1) Choose [TRAIL CLEAR] in [TRAIL] menu of section 1.13.1.
2) Choose [YES], Press <ENT> or <MULT>button, to erase trails in the screen. It
will be [NO] option automatically in next process.
Note: The trail is accumulated slowly, rather than being displayed immediately
according to the selected trail time.

1.14 EBL
EBL (Electronic Bearing Lines) is a straight dashed line extending out from the own
ship position up to the circumference of the radar picture in default. There are two EBLs,
EBL1 and EBL2. You can use them to measure bearings of targets.

1.14.1 Measure bearing by EBL

1) Press <EBL > key to show EBL data in the screen as below figure.
Disable by default.

24
EBL position in 12.1” display unit

EBL position in 15” display unit

25
 EBL position in 17” or 19” display unit

2) Toggle EBL 1 and EBL 2 by <EBL> key, the selected EBL line indication is
displayed in a different color from the previous one. After selection, long press
the <EBL> to display the EBL line. The default display value is 0.

EBL position in 12.1” display unit

26
 EBL position in 15” display unit

EBL position in 17” or 19” display unit

27
3) Rotary <MULT1> knob, EBL line will rotary, and show the EBL data at the same
time.

EBL data in 12” display unit

EBL data in 15” display unit

28
 EBL data in 17” or 19” display unit

1.14.2 True or relative bearing

The EBL can be true or relative. If the EBL is relative to own ship's heading, the
[EBL] box readout is affixed by "R”, and affixed by "T" if it is referenced to the north. True
or relative is available regardless of presentation mode.
Press [Menu] key, to choose [Display]  [EBL MODE]  [REL] or [TN].

29
1.14.3 Collision Assessment by offset EBL
The origin of the EBL can be placed anywhere inside the radar operational display
area to enable measurement of range and bearing between any targets. This function
can also be used for assessment of the potential risk of collision. It is possible to read
CPA (Closest Point of Approach) by using a VRM as shown in figure (a) in the illustration.
If the EBL passes through the scan origin (own ship) as shown in figure (b) in the
illustration, the target ship is on a collision course.

Figure (a) figure (b)

Collision Assessment
1) Close [Menu] , press <EBL> key to choose EBL line, hold down to open current
30
 EBL configuration.

2) Move cursor (+) to dangerous target, shown A in left figure.

3) Hold down <MULT> / <BRILL> key to active EBL origin to cursor position.

4) Wait for a few minutes (at least 3 minutes), operate the EBL rotary until the
EBL1 bisects the target at the new position (A1 as illustrated in figure (b) above).
The EBL readout shows the target ship's course, which may be true or relative
depending on the EBL bearing reference setting.

5) Press <MULT> / <BRILL> key to return EBL origin to the own ship’s position.

1.15 Tuning the Radar

1.15.1 Tune Scan

Automatic tuning is initialized during the installation. However, if you feel that
automatic tuning is not working properly try re-initializing it as follows:

1) Press <Menu> key to choose [TUNE]  [TUNE SCAN]  [ON].

2) Wait for complete.

NOTE ： At this moment, please stop operating radar and wait for the radar to
complete the tune scan, and the “TUNE SCAN” will disappear.

1.15.1 Choose the Tuning Method

The tuning method can be selected with the [TUNE] box at the top of the screen.

1) Automatic tune

Press <Menu> key to choose [TUNE ADJ]  [AUTO].

31
 Short press <TUNE> knob to switch to automatic mode. (This is only for 15”, 17” or

19” display unit.)

2) Manual tune

A: Move the cursor into the [TUNE - A] box, and click <ENT> key to show manual
tune, you will see manual tune bar changes with wheel and the auto tune bar
changes with manual tune bar.
The best tuning point is where the auto tune bar swings maximum. At this moment
the manual tune bar shows tuning control value.
B: You also can press <MENU> key to choose [TUNE]  [TUNE ADJ] 
[MANUAL], and then adjust best tune condition according to method A.

1.16 Adjust the Sensitivity

The gain controls the sensitivity of the receiver. Set proper setting such that the
background noise is just visible on the screen. If you set up too little sensitivity, weak
echoes may be missed. On the other hand, excessive sensitivity yields too much
background noise; strong targets may be missed because of the poor contrast between
desired echoes and the background noise on the display.
To adjust receiver sensitivity, adjust the gain control so background noise is just
visible on the screen. Then rotate the GAIN rotary, you will see the gain bar at the top
right of screen changes.

1.17 Reduce Sea Clutter

Echoes from waves cover the central part of the display with random signals known
as sea clutter. The higher the waves and the higher the antenna above the water, the
further the clutter extends. When sea clutter masks the picture, reduce it by the SEA
rotary, either manually or automatically.
NOTE 1: When both sea clutter and rain clutter are reduced, the sensitivity is
decreased more than when only one is adjusted. For that reason, adjust them carefully.
NOTE 2: The scan process is useful for reducing sea clutter. However, high-speed
targets are harder to detect than stationary ones when the scan process is active.
Rotate the [SEA] knob on the keyboard to increase the wave clutter suppression
level clockwise and decrease it counterclockwise. At this time, you can see the

32
corresponding changes on the wave clutter value on the left side of the screen.

1.18 Reduce Rain Clutter

Rain clutter creates a high return of noise-like reflections that effectively decreases
the signal to noise levels within the radar receiver. In addition, it creates an attenuation
of the radar signal, which also decreases the signal to noise levels. Both these effects
reduce the target detection capability of a radar system.
Use RAIN rotary to reduced rain clutter. The function of RAIN rotary may look like a
differentiating circuit or a subtractor which subtracts the background noise of rain clutter
which is noise-like reflections.
NOTE: When both sea clutter and rain clutter are reduced, the sensitivity is
decreased more than when only one is adjusted. For that reason, adjust them carefully.

1.18.1 RAIN Adjustment

The vertical beam width of the antenna is designed to see surface targets even
when the ship is rolling. However, this will also detect rain clutter (rain, snow, or hail) in
the same manner as normal targets. When echoes from precipitation mask solid targets,
adjust the RAIN rotary to split up these unwanted echoes into a speckled pattern,
making recognition of solid targets easier. The higher setting the greater the anti-clutter
effect. Be careful remove all rain clutter, because you can erase weak echoes. Further,
the possibility of losing weak echoes is greater when you use both RAIN and SEA to
reduce clutter.
To adjust the rain clutter, rotate the “RAIN” rotary on the keyboard, you will see the
rain clutter level indication changes at top right of screen.
NOTE 1：The effect on the range of first detection with rain using X-band radar is as
given below.
NOTE 2：The figure above is reproduced from its International Standard IEC 62388
ed.1.0 (2007). All such extracts are copyright of IEC, Geneva, Switzerland. All rights
reserved. Further information on the IEC is available from www.iec.ch. IEC has no
responsibility for the placement and context in which the extracts and contents are
reproduced by the author, nor is IEC in any way responsible for the other content or
accuracy therein.

33
1.19 Monitor Brilliance
You can adjust the brilliance of the entire screen according to your lighting
conditions. Rotate <BRILL> knob on the keyboard to adjust the brilliance.
When adjusting, you will see the brilliance of screen changes with the brilliance
level which locates at the top right of screen.

1.20 Brilliance Setting

This radar provides brilliance setting to match any ambient lighting condition.
Default brilliance is 100%, Press <MENU>, to choose [DIMMER], to adjust
brilliance of ECHO, RIGHT, MARK, HL and TEXT.

34
1.21 Target Alarm
The target alarm alerts the navigator to targets (ships, landmasses, etc.) entering a
specific area, with audiovisual alarms. The target alarm zone is sector, and the sector of
the zone can be set from 0 to 360 degrees direction.

1.21.1 Set Alarm Zone

1) Close menu, move cursor into the [ALARM] box of the screen.
2) Press <ENT>, cursor will automatically jump to the radar operation display area.
3) Move cursor to point A，and press <ENT> in the keyboard.
4) Move cursor to another point B and press <ENT>. A white sector appears at the
radar operational display area and text in [ALARM] box changes to “WORK”.
NOTE：If you wish to create a target alarm zone having a 360-degree coverage around
own ship, set the two points in almost the same direction.

1.21.2 Close Alarm Zone

1) Close menu, move cursor into the [ALARM] box of the screen.
2) Press <ENT> until working status changes to “CLOSE”, the white sector will
disappear at the radar operational display area.

35
1.21.3 Alarm Zone Mode
You can choose alarm zone mode by following steps:
1) Open [MENU], choose [ALARM]  [ALARM MODE].
2) Choose [IN] or [OUT].
[IN]: Targets entering the zone trigger the alarms.
[OUT]: Targets exiting the zone trigger the alarms

“IN” “OUT”

1.22 Watch Man

The watch function is that after the radar works (transmits) for a period of time, it

automatically enters the standby state, and then after the watch time, it automatically

enters the working state. This can effectively reduce the use time of the magnetron

when the radar is not used very frequently.

Open the menu, select [ALARM] menu, and then select [WATCH MAN] to set the

corresponding watch time.

1.23 Cursor

The cursor greatly improves the convenience while operating the radar, it gives out
real time indications for your interested area. Usually in radar operational display area it
shows as a cross（ ），while in outside shows as an arrow（ ）.
When the cursor is in radar operational display area, it is very convenient to get the
targets data. This radar has two styles to display target data by using cursor.
By longitude and latitude
Move the cursor to the target you are interested, and the target’s longitude and
latitude are given out at left bottom side of screen.

NOTE: To display the target’s longitude and latitude with cursor, you need manually or

36
automatically input compass and GNSS signal.
By bearing and range
Move the cursor to the target you are interested, and the target’s bearing and range
are given out at right bottom side of screen.

12.1” Display Diagram

37
15” Display Diagram

38
 17” and 19” Display Diagram

1.24 Measure Range

This radar provides not only one method to measure range. Usually you can use
fixed range ring, VRM（variable ring mark）to measure range.

1.24.1 Use Fixed Range Ring

Fixed rang rings are drawn in solid line circle and appear on the screen with a
predetermined interval and provide a rough estimate of the range to a target. In the
[RANGE] box locate at left top of screen you will see the current range scale and rang
ring interval. It is quickly to get rough estimate the target’s range. To hide or display the
range ring do as follows:
Press <MENU>, choose [DISPLAY]  [RANGE RING], to set ON or OFF.

1.24.2 Use VRM

This radar provides two VRMs: VRM1 and VRM2. They are all drawn in dash line
circle, so it is easy to distinguish them from fixed rang ring. What’s more, the VRM1 and
VRM2 are drawn with different length of dash line circle.
1) Press <VRM ON> key to activate a VRM. If two VRMs are activated, you can
press <VRM ON> key consecutively to use one of them. The current used VRM
is marked with “ ” mark.

39
2) Rotate the <MULT> knob on the keyboard to align the active VRM with the inner
edge of the target of interest and read its distance at the lower-right corner of the
screen. Each VRM remains at the same geographical distance when you
operate the <RANGE> key or the [RANGE] box to change the range scale. This
means that the apparent radius of the VRM ring changes in proportion to the
selected range scale.
3) Press <VRM > key again to close VRM.

12.1” Display Diagram

40
 15” Display Diagram

17” and 19” Display Diagram

41
1.25 Markers

1.25.1 Heading line

The heading line is a line from the own ship position to the outer edge of the radar
display area and appears at zero degrees on the bearing scale in head-up mode; it
changes the orientation depending on the ship orientation in north-up and true motion
modes. Heading line is drawn with solid thick line.
Heading line can’t be hidden for permanent, but can be temporarily erasing to look
at targets existing dead ahead of own ship. press and hold the <HL OFF> key on the
keyboard, to temporarily extinguish the heading line.

1.25.2 North marker

The north marker appears as a short-dashed line. In the head-up mode, the north
marker moves around the bearing scale in accordance with the compass signal.

1.26 Own Ship Symbol

The position information of the ship will be displayed in the upper left corner of the
screen in the form of longitude and latitude.
Note: The ship's position information display needs to be connected to GNSS signal.

1.27 Main Menu

Press <MENU> on the keyboard to show the main menu.

42
 Note: When selecting a menu of [SYS SCAN], [SYS INFO] or [SYS SERI], you need

to press the <ENT> key for five consecutive times to enter the menu. To prevent

mis-operation, if there is no operation for several minutes, you need to press the<ENT>

key again for five consecutive times to access the menu again

1.28 Off Center the Display

Own ship position, or scan origin, can be displaced to expand the view field without
switching to a larger range scale. The scan origin can be off-centered to the cursor
position, but not more than 85% of the range in use; if the cursor is set beyond 85% of
the range scale, the scan origin will be off-centered to the point of 85% of the limit.
This function is not suitable for the 64 nautical mile range.
1) Press <MENU> key to close menu. Move cursor to the position scan origin
where you want change as below shown in figure a.
2) Press <OFF CENT> key ， the scan origin change to the cursor’s position as
below shown in figure b.

43
 Figure a Figure b
3) Press <OFF CENT> key again to quit off center function, and the radar video will
restore to figure a as shown above.

1.29 Wiper
The wiper function automatically reduces the brilliance of weak signals (noise, sea
clutter, rain clutter, etc.) and other unwanted signals such as radar interference. Its effect
depends on the wiper setting used and scan process setting, as described in the table
below.
Wiper 1 Wiper 2
Scan process OFF effect 1 effect 1
Scan process (1/2/3) effect 1 effect 2

Effect 1：The brilliance of unwanted weak echoes, (noise, sea clutter and rain clutter, etc)
is reduced. The difference between wiper 1 and 2 is that brilliance is lowered
more slowly in wiper 2.
Effect 2：When the wiper 2 is set, set scan process to see how the picture is affected
with scan process turned off and turned on.
To set the wiper function, do the following:
1) Press <MENU> key on the keyboard, choose [WIPER], to set on or off.
2) Press <MENU> key again to quit menu.

1.30 System Alerts

When error or alarm setting violation is found, indications will appear in the [ALERT]
box at the right bottom of screen and the buzzer sounds. To silence the buzzer by
pressing <ACK> key or select the [ALERT] box at the left bottom of the screen then left
click it. The buzzer and the flashing stop but the alarm indication remains on the display
until the reason for the alarm is removed.

44
 1.30.1 Alert or alarm description

Alarm name Reason color To quit alarm status

SYSTEM ERROR
AZIMUTH No antenna rotation signal W B Yellowish Acknowledge indication by pressing the
orange <ALARM ACK> key or left-clicking the
HEADING No heading signal W B Yellowish [ALARM ACK] box. Restore signal or
orange remove reason for to remove indication
TRIGGER No trigger signal W B Yellowish
orange
KEY No key signal W B Yellowish
orange
RF No RF communications signal C B Yellow
VIDEO No video signal W B Yellowish
orange
PICTURE_FREEZ Radar video freeze W B Yellowish Repower radar
ED orange
SENSOR ERROR
GYRO The indication "GYRO" (in red) W B Yellowish Acknowledge indication by pressing the
appears and the [HDG] box orange <ALARM ACK> key or left-clicking the
reads "---. -°". The orientation [ALARM ACK] box. Restore signal to
mode is automatically set for remove indication. Message cannot be
head-up. TT, radar map and erased if signal is missing; it is
AIS are disabled. automatically erased when the signal is
restored.
LOG The indication "LOG" (in red) W B Yellowish Use another speed sensor.
appears and the speed orange
indication shows "--.- kn" if the
speed signal is lost more than
30 s
EPFS The indication "EPFS" (in red) W B Yellowish Acknowledge indication by pressing the
appears and the position orange <ALARM ACK> key or left-clicking the
display shows all short lines if [ALARM ACK] box. Restore signal to
the position input is lost more remove indication. Message cannot be
than 30 s. Radar map and AIS erased if position signal is missing; it is
are disabled. automatically erased when the signal is
restored.
DATUM The indication "DATUM" (in W B Yellowish Acknowledge indication by pressing the
red) appears if the datum is orange <ALARM ACK> key or left-clicking the
other than WGS-84 or [ALARM ACK] box. Use WGS-84 datum.
WGS-84 is not input.

45
 ARPA
TT_COLLISION TT capture A A Acknowledge indication by pressing the
Red
The target may be dangerous <ALARM ACK> key or left-clicking the
TT_NEW Capture new target W A Yellowish [ALARM ACK] box. Restore signal or
orange remove reason for to remove indication
TT_LOST TT new target lost W A Yellowish
orange
REF_TT_LOST REF target lost W A Yellowish
orange
TT_MAN_FULL Manual TT W A
capture reaches Yellowish
maximum orange

TT_AUTO_FULL Auto TT W A
Yellowish
capture reaches
orange
maximum
TT_MAN_95_FULL Manual TT capture is about to C B
Yellow
reach its maximum
TT_AUTO_95_FUL Auto TT capture is about to C B
L reach its maximum Yellow

AIS
AIS_COLLISION AIS target may be dangerous A A Acknowledge indication by pressing the
Red
<ALARM ACK> key or left-clicking the
AIS_NEW New AIS target W A Yellowish [ALARM ACK] box. Restore signal or
orange remove reason for to remove indication
AIS_LOST AIS Target lost W A Yellowish
orange
AIS_FULL AIS target display reaches the W A Yellowish
maximum value orange
AIS_95_FULL The target display is about C B
to reach the maximum value Yellow

NO_CPA_TCPA Cannot calculate AIS target W B Yellowish

CPA/TCPA orange
ASSOCIATION There are targets with AIS and C B
Yellow
TT fusion display
OTHER ALARM
ARRIVAL Own ship has arrived to a C B Yellow Acknowledge indication by pressing
waypoint. the <ALARM ACK> key or left-clicking
TARGET_ALARM A target has entered (or W B Yellowish the [ALARM ACK] box. Restore signal
exited) the target alarm zone. orange or remove reason for to remove

46
 Target flashes. indication

ANCHOR_WATCH Ship has drifted more than a W→A A Yellowish

threshold value. orange→
Red

Remarks：
1) Radar priority is divided into alarm, warning and caution. The category is divided into
A and B。
2) The <ACK> key on the keyboard is the temporary alarm silence key of the radar. If all
the current alarms of the radar are temporarily silence for 30 seconds, the sound
output of the newly generated alarm will not be affected during the silence period.
3) Radar does not support alarm responsibility transfer function
4) If the anchor does not disappear for 2 minutes, it will be upgraded to an alarm.

1.30.2 Alarm List

Open main menu, choose [ALARM], set [ALARM LIST] to on, the alarm list displays

the names of violated alarms, including the time and date violated.

Press <ESC> to return previous menu.

1.31 PI Line
47
 PI lines are useful for keeping a constant distance between own ship and a
coastline or a partnership when navigating. Up to four sets of PI (PI1 – PI4) lines are
available. Every set of PI lines number can be selectable from 1,2,3,6. You may control
the orientation and interval of the PI lines individually from the [PI line] box, which is at
the lower left corner.

1.31.1 PI line select

12.1”: Move cursor to [PI line] box, press BRILL knob to select one set of PI line.

15/17/19”: Move cursor to [PI line] box, left click it to select one set of PI line.

1.31.2 Adjust PI line

Move cursor to the [PI line] box and left click to select one set of PI line，right click to

active or deactivate PI line. If the PI line is active, you will get PI line orientation and

interval. Otherwise, you won’t see them.

While PI line is active, put the cursor in the [PI orientation] box or [PI interval] box

and adjust the PI orientation or interval by <MULT> knob.

1.31.3 PI Line Bearing Reference

PI line bearing reference may be relative to own ship’s heading (Relative) or
referenced to North (True). When set to true, the text in [PI orientation] box is suffixed
with “T”, otherwise “R”. To set the bearing reference, do as below.
1) Press <MENU> to choose [MARK], to choose [PI BEAR].

2) Select as you want between “TRUE” or “REL” by <MULT> knob.

3) Press <ENT> or <MULT> key to confirm your selection.

4) Press <MENU> to close menu.

48
1.31.4 PI line mode
PI lines mode may be horizontal or vertical.
1) Press <MENU> to choose [MARK], to choose [PILINE MODE].

2) Select as you want between “HOR” or “VER” by <MULT> knob.

3) Press <ENT> or <MULT> key to confirm your selection.

4) Press <MENU> to close menu.

1.31.5 PI line number

The maximum number of PI lines to display may be selected from 1, 2, 3 or 6 lines
as below. The actual number of lines visible may be less depending on line interval. Set
PI line number as below.
1) Press <MENU> to choose [MARK], to choose [PILINE NUMBER].

2) Select as you want between “1, 2, 3, 6” by <MULT> knob.

3) Press <ENT> or <MULT> key to confirm your selection.

4) Press <MENU> to close menu.

49
1.31.6 Rest PI line
You can reset PI lines to default mode, 0-degrees for horizontal orientation,
90-degrees for vertical orientation. This is faster than doing it manually.
1) Press <MENU> to choose [MARK], to choose [PILINE RESET].

2) Select “YES” or “NO” by <MULT> knob.

3) Press <ENT> or <MULT> key to confirm your selection.

4) Press <MENU> to close menu.

50
1.31.7 PI line edit
Radar system provide PILINE EDIT function, when you choose PILINE number is 1,
You can truncate the length of each PI line, do as follows to truncate PI line.
1) Press <MENU> to choose [MARK], to choose [PILINE EDIT].

2) According to your requirement, Select “YES” by <MULT> knob.

3) Press <ENT> or <MULT> key to confirm your selection. Cursor will move to you
end of your PI line automatically, then move cursor to truncate PI line.

4) Press <ENT> or <MULT> key again to truncate PI line again.

5) Press <ENT> or <MULT> key to quit PILINE EDIT.

51
NOTE1：If you change the PI line number, the truncated PI line will return back to the
previous state before truncated.

1.32 Full Screen

Full screen display enables the radar echo to be displayed in a circular range
beyond the radar operation area, increasing the observation range
1) Press <MENU> to choose [DIMMER], to choose [FULL SCREEN].

2) According to your requirement, Select “ON” by <MULT> knob.

3) Press <ENT> or <MULT> key to quit DIMMER.

52
 2 RADAR OBSERVATION
2.1 General

RADAR is abbreviation for radio detection and ranging, the radar radiates

electromagnetic energy from an antenna to propagate in space，some of the reradiated

energy is returned to and received by the radar antenna，after amplification by a receiver

and with the aid of proper signal processing a decision is made at the output of the

receiver as to whether or not a target echo signal is present. At that time the target

location and possibly other information about the target is acquired.

2.1.1 RADAR Distance Measurement

1. Maximum range
The maximum detecting range of the radar ( Rmax ), varies considerably depending on

several factors such as the height of the antenna above the waterline, the height of the
target of the target above the sea, the size, shape and material of the target, and the
atmospheric conditions. Under normal atmospheric conditions, the maximum range is
equal to the radar horizon or a little shorter.
Rmax  2.2   h1  h2 
Where Rmax : radar horizon (nautical miles)

h1: antenna height (m)

h2: target height (m)
It should be noted that the detection range is reduced by precipitation (which absorbs
the radar signal).
As electromagnetic wave may diffraction, the detection range usually longer than
sight distance.

What’s more, according to the radar detection equation:

Pav GAenE i (n) F 4

Rmax  4
(4 ) 2 kT0 Fn f p ( S / N )1 Ls
53
 The maximum detecting range is depending on the system loss Ls in the equation.
And long transmission line may affect the Ls, so we can adjust the cable gain to make
range compensation.
2. Minimum range
The minimum range is defined by the shortest distance at which, using a scale of 1.5
or 0.75 nm, a target having an echoing area of 10 m2 is still shown separate from the
point representing the antenna position.
It is mainly dependent on the pulse length, antenna height, and signal processing
such as main bang reduction and digital quantization.
It is a good practice to use a shorter-range scale as far as it gives favorable
definition or clarity of picture. The IMO Resolution MSC.192 (79) requires the minimum
range to be less than 40m; respectively. This series of radars satisfy this requirement.

2.1.2 Radar Resolution

There are two important factors in radar resolution: bearing and range resolution.
1. Bearing resolution
Bearing resolution is the ability of the radar to display as separate pips the echoes
received from two targets that are at the same range and close together. It is
proportional to the antenna length and reciprocally proportional to the wavelength.
The length of the antenna radiator should be selected for a bearing resolution better
than 2.5° (IMO Resolution). This condition is normally satisfied with a radiator of 1.2m (4
ft) or longer in the X-band. The Bearing resolution of YONZOE radar system meets the
IMO Resolution.
2. Range resolution
Range resolution is the ability to display as separate pips the echoes received from
two targets that are on the same bearing and close to each other. This is determined by
pulse length only. Practically, the discrimination better than 35 m as do so with all
YONZOE radars.
NOTE: Test targets for determining the range and bearing resolution are radar reflectors
having an echoing area of 10 m2.

2.1.3 Bearing Accuracy

One of the most important features of the radar is how accurately the bearing of a

target can be measured. The accuracy of bearing measurement basically depends on

54
the narrowness of the radar beam.

However, the bearing is usually taken relative to the ship’s heading, and thus, proper

adjustment of the heading line at installation is an important factor in ensuring bearing

accuracy.

To minimize error when measuring the bearing of target, put the target echo at the

extreme position on the screen by selecting a suitable range.

2.1.4 Range Measurement

Measurement of the range to a target is also a very important function of the radar.
Generally; there are two means of measuring range: the fixed range rings and the
variable range marker (VRM).
The fixed range rings appear on the screen with a predetermined interval and
provide a rough estimate of the range to a target.
The variable range marker’s diameter is increased or decreased so that the marker
touches the inner edge of the target, allowing the operator to obtain more accurate
range measurements.

2.2 False Echoes

Occasionally echo signals appear on the screen at positions where there is no
target or disappear even if there are targets. They are, however, recognized if you
understand the reason why they are displayed. Typical false echoes are shown below.

2.2.1 Multiple Echoes

Multiple echoes occur when a transmitted pulse returns from a solid object like a
large ship, bridge, or break water.
A second, a third or more echoes may be observed on the display at double, triple or
other multiples of the actual range of the target as shown below. Multiple reflection
echoes can be reduced and often removed by decreasing the gain(sensitivity) or
properly adjusting the SEA control.
The figure a is a schematic diagram of generating multiple echoes. The figure is a
schematic diagram of the radar display multiple echoes on echo display area.

55
2.2.2 Sidelobe Echoes
Every time the radar pulse is transmitted, some radiation escapes on each side of
the beam, called “sidelobes”.
If a target exists where it can be detected by the side lobes as well as the main lobes,
the side echoes may be represented on both sides of the true echo at the same range.
Side lobes show usually only on short ranges and from strong targets.
They can be reduced through careful reduction of the gain or proper adjustment of
the SEA control.

C B
False
D
False
A E

Target A True
Mainlobe C B
False False
D E
Sidelobe

2.2.3 Virtual Image

A relatively large target close to your ship may be represented at two positions on
the screen. One of them is the true echo directly reflected by the target and the other is
a false echo which is caused by the mirror effect of a large object on or close to your
ship as shown in the figure below.
If your ship comes close to a large metal bridge, for example, such a false echo may
temporarily be seen on the screen.
The following figure a is a schematic view of a generate virtual image; b is a
schematic view of a virtual image displayed on the radar return display area.

56
2.2.4 Shadow Sectors
Funnels, stacks, masts, or derricks in the path of the antenna block the radar beam.
If the angle subtended at the antenna is more than a few degrees, a non-detecting
sector may be produced. Within this sector targets cannot be detected.

The silent zone of the radar is a sector area where the radar does not emit
electromagnetic waves. You can easily set the silent zone of the radar according to the
actual blind zone, so that the radar can avoid the detection blind zone. Please consult
Shanghai YONZOE Technology or the dealer for setting the silent zone.

2.3 RACON
A RACON is a radar beacon that emits radar receivable signals in the radar
frequency spectrum (X or S band).

There are several signal formats; in general, the RACON signal appears on the
radar screen as a rectangular echo originating at a point just beyond the positions of the
57
radar beacon, it has a Morse coded pattern.

2.4 Radar Target Enhancer (RTE)

An RTE is a radar transponder which is usually mounted on navigation buoys and
masts of small crafts to significantly improve their detection by radar. The RTE receives
a radar signal, amplifies it and re-transmits it, with the intention of making the target's
signal look larger on a radar display.

The RTE is available in X-band and S-band types.

58
 3 TARGET TRACKING（TT）
3.1 Usage Precautions

The plotting accuracy and response of this TT meets IMO standards. Tracking

accuracy is affected by the following:

1) Tracking accuracy is affected by course change. One to two minutes is required

to restore vectors to full accuracy after an abrupt course change. (The actual

amount depends on gyrocompass specifications.)

2) The amount of tracking delay is inversely proportional to the relative speed of the

target. Delay is on the order of 15—30 seconds for high relative speed; 30—60
59
 seconds for low relative speed.

3) Display accuracy is affected by the following:

Echo intensity

Radar transmission pulse width

Radar bearing error

Gyrocompass error

Course change (own ship and target)

4) The data generated by TT, AIS and video plotter are intended for reference only.

Refer to official nautical charts for detailed and up-to-date information.

5) The TT function (including setting acquire zone) usually needs gyro signal.

3.2 Controls for TT

Thanks to the ergonomically designed，you will find it is very easy to track target

while just using trackball and pressing keys. This radar system provides control unit for

TT function as described in table below.

3.3 Showing, hidden TT Icons

Press <MENU> key on the keyboard, choose [ARPA]  [DISPLAY]

[ON]: Show tracked target icons

[OFF]: Hide tracked target icons

60
3.4 Automatic Acquisition

This radar can acquire a maximum of 60 targets, the number of automatically and

manually acquired targets determined by the [TARGET] menu setting.

A target just acquired automatically is marked with a dash line circle and a vector

appears within one minute to indicate the target's motion trend. Within three minutes,

the initial tracking stage is finished and the target becomes ready for stable tracking. At

this point, the dash line circle changes to a solid circle.

TT
Meaning
Symbol
Immediately after acquisition, this plotting symbol is shown in
broken lines.
Within one minute after acquisition, a vector appears to show a
trend of movement.
Within three minutes after acquisition, the plotting symbol changes
to a small circle, indicating steady-state tracking condition.
NOTE：if the vector time is set to zero, there will be no vector.

3.5 Terminating Tracking of Targets

When the TT has acquired 60 targets automatically, no more auto acquisition occurs
61
unless targets are lost. If this happens, cancel tracking of less important targets or
perform manual acquisition.

3.5.1 Cancel individual targets

Close the menu, move the cursor to the target where the tracking needs to be

cancelled, and press the <ESC> Key on the keyboard. At this time, the symbol of the

target will be clear, and the tracking will also be cancelled

3.5.2 Cancel tracking on all targets

Press the menu key, open the menu, select the option in [ARPA] menu, choose [ALL
CANCEL], then select “YES”, and the menu will return to the default “NO” state. After
that, all target symbols will be cleared, and all tracking will also be canceled

3.6 Manual Acquisition

Maximum 60 targets may be acquired manually depending on the acquisition

condition set on the [TARGET] menu.

1) Close menu, move cursor to the target which you want to acquire.

2) Press <ENT> to acquire target.

3) The plotting symbol is drawn by dash line circles during the initial acquisition
stage. A vector appears in about one minute after acquisition indicating the
target's motion trend. If the target is consistently detected for three minutes, the
plotting symbol changes to a solid circle. If acquisition fails, the target plotting
symbol blinks.
NOTE1: For successful acquisition, the target to be acquired should be within 0.1 to 24
nm from own ship and not obscured by sea or rain clutter.

NOTE2: When the capacity for manual acquisition is reached, the message “TT (MAN)

FULL" is displayed at the screen bottom. Cancel tracking of non-threatening targets if

you wish to acquire additional targets manually.

NOTE3: Target number is normally not shown
CAUTION: When a target being tracked nears another target being tracked, the targets
may be swapped. When two targets acquired either automatically or manually come
close to each other, one of the two may become a Lost Target. If this happens, manual
re-acquisition of the Lost Target may be required after the two have separated.
62
3.7 Lost Target

Targets not detected in five consecutive scans become lost targets. A lost target is

shown in the display with flashing red "X". Flashing stops after lost target alarm is

acknowledged.

If you are in an area where tracked targets are lost frequently you may want to

disable the lost target alarm against tracked targets by maximum range or minimum

speed.

3.7.1 Set the lost target filter

You can set the lost target alarm to sound against lost TTs that are within a specific

range or ship speed. Set the configuration as below.

Press <MENU> key on the keyboard, choose [TARGET]  [LOST ACK]  [ON].

Note: After setting the relevant options in the target menu, it will take effect for TT，

ARPA，AIS targets at the same time。

63
3.8 TT Symbols

3.8.1 TT Symbols

The symbols used in this equipment comply with IEC 62288.

Item Symbol Status Remarks
Automatically Initial stage Broken circle around an echo to
acquired targets indicate the target under
acquisition and initial stage of
tracking, before steady-state
tracking.
Within one minute after
acquisition (vector still
unreliable).
Steady tracking Solid circle with vector
indicating steady state tracking
(within three minutes after
acquisition).
CPA alarm, flashing Plotting symbol (red) flashes to
indicate the target is predicted to
come into CPA or TCPA.
CPA alarm acknowledge Shown in red and flashing stops
after CPA/TCPA alarm is
acknowledged.
Lost target, flashing A red X is crossed through the
TT symbol to indicate that it is a
lost target. Flashing stops after
lost target alarm is
acknowledged.
Manually acquired Initial stage Plotting symbol selected for a
targets (the width target acquired manually is
of the line for shown in bold broken lines.
"steady tracking" Within one minute after
TT is thicker than acquisition.
that of the
automatically
Steady tracking Manual plotting symbol in a bold
acquired target)
solid circle (within three minutes
after acquisition).
CPA alarm, flashing (collision Plotting symbol (red) flashes to
course) indicate the target is predicted to
come into CPA or TCPA.
Flashing stops after CPA/TCPA
alarm is acknowledged.

Lost target, flashing A red X is superimposed on the

TT symbol to indicate a lost
target. Flashing stops after lost
target alarm is acknowledged.
Capture Zone On target passing through Symbol is red and flashing.
operator-set Capture Zone,
flashing

Target selected for On selected target Target data (range, bearing,

data readout course, speed, CPA, TCPA,
BCR, BCT, etc.).

64
 Reference target reference target Initial stage Used to calculate own
ship’s over-the-ground speed
(echo-referenced speed) for
reference target After three ground stabilization.
minutes,

Trial maneuver Bottom center, flashing Appears during execution of a

trial maneuver.
Performance test Appears during performance
test.

3.8.2 TT symbol brilliance

You can set the brilliance of TT symbol as appropriate refer as below:

Press <MENU> key on the keyboard, choose [DIMMER]  [MARK]  [100], to

adjust brightness via <MULT> knob or <Up>/<Down> key.

3.8.3 TT symbol color

You can select the color for the TT symbol as follows:

Press <MENU> key on the keyboard, choose [TARGET]  [SIGN COLOR] , to

change TT symbol color which you want.

3.9 Target Data

3.9.1 Display target data

The TT mode provides the full functionality of TT as required by the IMO Resolution

A.823 (19) and IEC 62288, including display of range, bearing, course, speed, CPA and

TCPA of all tracked targets.

Generally, as long as you move the cursor to the position of the TT target symbol,

the chassis automatically displays the information of the target.

The target data is shown as follows:

65
 RNG/BRG: Distance and bearing from the ship to the selected target, with the suffix

"R" for Relative or "T" for True.

COG/SOG: Access the GNSS signal and then display the course and speed of the

selected target, with the suffix "R" for Relative or "T" for True. For manual speed input,

CTW/STW is displayed.

Note: At the initial stage of target tracking, the corresponding data displayed on the

meter may be inconsistent with the above, and some information may not display values.

3.9.2 Sort the target list

You may sort the target list by CPA, TCPA, BCR, BCT, RANGE or SPEED as follows:

Press <MENU> key on the keyboard, choose [TARGET] [SORT BY], to choose better

sort style which you want.

3.10 TT Vector Mode

Target vectors can be displayed relative to own ship's heading (Relative) or north

(True), as showed below.

66
 True and relative vectors
For true vector：Own ship and other ship's move on the display at their true speeds and

courses. This mode is useful for distinguishing moving targets from

stationary ones.

For relative vector: Other ships move relative to your ship. This mode is useful for

finding ships on a collision course with your ship. A ship whose vector

passes through your ship's position is on a collision course.

NOTE: You need to set the own ship vector with “HDG” or “COURSE” in the menu,

otherwise you won’t see own ship vector in true vector mode.

3.10.1 Description of TT vectors

Target vectors can be ground stabilized or sea stabilized. Sea stabilization is a

mode where own ship and all targets are referenced to the sea using a compass

heading and single-axis log water speed inputs.

Ground stabilization is a mode where own ship and all targets are referenced to the

ground using the ground track or set and drift inputs. If the accuracy seems

unsatisfactory, enter set and drift corrections.

3.10.2 TT Vector setting

TT vector setting includes vector time and vector mode as follows:

Press <MENU> key on the keyboard, choose [TARGET]  [VECTOR TIME], to set

relative vector time. Generally, the larger the vector time is set, the longer the line

segment used to represent the target speed.

Press <MENU> key on the keyboard, choose [TARGET]  [VECTOR MODE], to
set relative vector mode.
67
 The vector tip shows an estimated position of the target after the selected vector

time elapses. It can be valuable to extend the vector length to evaluate the risk of

collision with any target.

3.11 TT Past Position Display

The past position display shows equally time-spaced dots marking the past

positions of any targets being tracked.

A new dot is added every minute (or at other preset time intervals) until the preset

number is reached. If a target changes its speed, the spacing will be uneven. If it

changes the course, its plotted course will not be a straight line.

3.12 TT CPA/TCPA Alarm

The TT continuously monitors the predicted range at the Closest Point of Approach

(CPA) and predicted time to CPA (TCPA) of each TT.

When the predicted CPA of any TT becomes smaller than a preset CPA range and

it’s predicted TCPA less than a preset TCPA limit, the audio alarm sounds and TT

COLLISION appears in red in the [ALERT] Box. In addition, the symbol of the offending

TT is red and flashes together with its vector.

CAUTION: The CPA and TCPA alarm feature should never be relied upon as the

sole means for detecting the risk of collision. The navigator is not relieved of the

responsibility to keep visual lookout for avoiding collisions, whether or not the radar or

other plotting aid is in use.

This feature, when used correctly, helps prevent the risk of collision by alerting you

to threatening targets. It is important that GAIN, SEA, RAIN and other radar controls are

properly adjusted.

CPA and TCPA ranges must be set up properly taking into consideration the size,

68
tonnage, speed, turning performance and other characteristics of own ship.
NOTE: The reference point for CPA and TCPA calculation from conning position.

3.12.1 CPA/TCPA setting

To set the CPA and TCPA ranges, do the following:

Press <MENU> key, and then choose [TARGET]  [CPA], to set suitable value.
Press <MENU> key, and then choose [TARGET]  [TCPA], to set suitable value.

3.12.2 CPA/TCPA alarm Confirmation

Press the < ACK> key on the keyboard, to confirm the alarm and silence the buzzer.

The warning label TT COLLISION remains red in the Alert Box and circle plotting symbol

and vector remains in the effective display area until you terminate tracking of the target.

3.13 Capture Zone

The Capture Zone functions both to alert you targets in a specific area and acts as
an automatic acquisition area when automatic target acquisition is active.
Any targets entering the zone will be automatically acquired. When a target enters
an Capture Zone, the buzzer sounds and flashes in red in the [ALARM] Box. The symbol
of the target is red and flashing.

3.13.1 Activate Capture Zone

You can activate a capture area under the current range. The lines of the capture

area are realized, which is convenient to separate them from the radar alert area. Move

the cursor to the< Capture Zone> box in the upper left corner.

At this time, Capture Zone is displayed in reverse color. Press the <ENT> key, the

cursor will automatically jump to the radar operation area, move to the cursor to point A,

press <ENT> key, and move the cursor to point B again. During the movement, a sector

area will be drawn with dash line. Press <ENT> key again to finish Capture Zone

configuration. And the sector area frame will be solid line.

69
NOTE 1: If you wish to create an Capture Zone having a 360-degree coverage around

own ship, set point B in almost the same direction (approx. ±3°) as point A

then push the left button.

NOTE 2: If the range scale is changed to less than half of the Capture Zone, "OUT" is

shown in the [AZ] box.

3.13.2 Sleep, Deactivate Capture Zone

1） Move cursor to Capture Zone.

2）Sleep or deactivate the Capture Zone as appropriate.

Sleep Capture Zone: Press <ENT> to remove the Capture Zone from the screen.

The indication in the [AZ] box changes from "WORK" to "SLEEP." To reactivate

and display the Capture Zone, repeat this procedure to display "WORK."

Deactivate Capture Zone: Push and hold down <ENT> key until the [AZ] box

goes to display “OFF”.

NOTE1: When Sleeping or deactivating Capture Zone, the sector drawn in the
effective display area will be erased.

3.13.3 Acknowledge the Capture Zone Alarm

Press < ACK> key on the keyboard, to acknowledge the alarm and silence the
buzzer.

3.13.4 Capture Zone Reference

The Capture Zone is always referenced to heading.

3.14 TT System Messages

There are seven main situations that cause the TT to trigger audio and visual

70
alarms:
 Reference target alarm
 Collision alarm
 Capture Zone alarm
 Lost target alarm
 Target full alarm for manual acquisition
 95% Target alarm for manual acquisition
 Target full alarm for automatic acquisition
 95% Target alarm for automatic acquisition
 System failure

3.15 Criteria for Selecting Targets for Tracking

The YONZOE TT video processor detects targets in midst of noise and
discriminates radar echoes on the basis of their size. Target whose echo measurements
are greater than those of the largest ship in range or tangential extent are usually land
and are displayed only as normal radar video.
All smaller ship-sized echoes that are less than this dimension are further analyzed
and regarded as ships and displayed as small circles superimposed over the video
echo.
When a target is first displayed, it is shown as having zero true speed but develops
a course vector as more information is collected.
In accordance with the International Marine Organization Automatic Radar Plotting
Aid (IMO TT) requirements, an indication of the motion trend should be available within
20 scans of antenna and full vector accuracy within 60 scans.
The TT complies with these requirements

3.15.1 Acquisition and Tracking

A target which is hit by five consecutive radar pulses is detected as a radar echo.
Manual acquisition is done by designating a detected echo with the trackball. Automatic
acquisition is done in the acquisition areas when a target is detected 5-7 times
continuously depending upon the congestion.
Tracking is achieved when the target is clearly distinguishable on the display for 5
out of 10 consecutive scans, whether acquired automatically or manually.
Required tracking facilities are available within 0.1-24 nm on range scales including
3, 6, 12 nm, full plotting information is available within one scan when the range scale
71
has been changed.
Targets not detected in five consecutive scans become “lost targets”.

3.15.2 Qualitative Description of Tracking Error

The YONZOE TT's accuracy complies with or exceeds IMO standards.
As for own ship, for slow turns there is no effect. For very high turning rates (greater
than 150°/minute, depending on gyro), there is some influence on all tracked targets that
lasts for a minute or two then all tracked targets revert to full accuracy.
As for other ships, Target ship courses, lag 15 to 30 seconds at high relative speed,
or 3 to 6 seconds at low (near 0) relative speed. It is less accurate during a turn due to
lag, but accuracy recovers quickly.

3.16 Factors Affecting TT Functions

3.16.1 Sea Returns

If the radar anti-sea clutter control is adjusted properly, there is no serious effect
because distant wave clutter, not eliminated by this control, is filtered out by more than
one bang correlation and scan-to-scan matching of data.

3.16.2 Rain and Snow

Clutter can be acquired and tracked as targets. Adjust the RAIN control. or switch on
the interference rejecter on the radar. If heavy clutter still exists, switch to manual
acquisition. Accuracy can be affected.

3.16.3 Low Clouds

Usually no affect. If necessary, adjust the RAIN control.

3.16.4 Low Gain

Insufficient or low radar receiver gain will result in some targets not being acquired
at long distance. TT display will be missing on one or more targets that could only be
visible if the radar sensitivity control (GAIN control) were increased.
The setting of the correct radar receiver gain is not critical but the target should be
on the radar PPI and be clearly visible and well defined.
Manual acquisition is done if a target is positively displayed more than once.
Automatic acquisition is done when the target is detected 5-7 times continuously.
Tracking is achieved when the target is detected five times (not necessarily continuously)
out of 10 scans. If not detected six times out of 10 scans, the target will become a "lost
72
target." The TT will acquire a radar echo that is present once in every six antenna scans
and continue tracking if 1 in 10.

3.16.5 Second Trace Echoes

When the radar beam is super refracted, strong echoes may be received at such
long ranges that they appear on a different time base sweep than the transmitted pulse.
This gives an incorrect range indication. Second and third trace echoes can be tracked if
they are consistent enough to meet acquisition and tracking criteria but target course
and speed data will be in error.

3.16.6 Blind and Shadow Sectors

Radar shadow or blind areas caused by obstructions aboard ship, for example,
funnels and masts, in the path of the radar beam can result in reduction of radar beam
intensity in that particular direction.
This may eliminate the detection of some targets.
The TT system will lose track of targets shortly after they are lost on the radar
picture and if they remain in a blind zone. These targets will however be acquired and
tracked when they pass out of the blind zone and again present normal radar echo.
The angular width and bearing of any shadow sector should be determined for their
influence on the radar. In certain cases, false echoes in the shadow sector cause the TT
system to acquire, track, and vector them. Shadow sectors should be avoided.

3.16.7 Indirect Echoes

A target at close range is usually picked up directly, but it can also be received as
reflection from a large, flat surface. This will result in the radar presenting two or more
echoes on the display, each at a different range. The TT can acquire and track the false
echo if it is detected by five consecutive scans. Reduction in radar gain can eliminate
the multiple echoing but care should be taken as range detection also will be reduced.

3.16.8 Radar Interference

If interference is extreme due to another radar operating at close range, spiral
“dotting” and/or false targets may appear momentarily. The interference rejecter can
clear the display.

73
 4 AIS OPERATION

The AIS (Automatic Identification System) exchanges with other AIS-fitted ships all
data and information required by the SOLAS 1994 as amended. However, they are
displayed in text form. By interfacing AIS with this radar, the AIS information is
graphically indicated together with the radar and TT information.
For the IMO specification, position data must be fixed by WGS-84 geodetic datum
and speed input must be ground tracking. If other type of datum is input, the error
message "DATUM" appears.

4.1 Show, Hide AIS display

You will find it is very easy to operate AIS function in main menu.
Press <MENU> key on the keyboard, choose [AIS]  [DISPLAY], to choose “ON” or
“OFF”. If choose “OFF”, only hide AIS marks, but still accept AIS information.

When the AIS function is turned on (AIS FILT or AIS ALL), AIS targets are marked
with appropriate AIS symbol as below.
SYMBOL STATUS REMARKS

74
 Activated All AIS symbols shown with thick line. Color is
target selectable from menu.
ROT higher Displayed for turning ship.
than preset
ROT
Dangerous Displayed when CPA/TCPA is within CPA/TCPA
target LIMIT. Red in color. Flashing until acknowledged. .
Lost target Red “X” overlaid on a lost target. “X” is Erased after
acknowledged.
Target selected Broken square is overlaid on target selected to
for data display display its data at the right side of the screen.

NOTE 1: Three subindex “0”, “1”, “2” will inscribe with AIS symbol, e.g.,
NOTE 2: The equipment continues to process AIS targets when the AIS feature is
switched off (AIS OFF). When the AIS is again turned on, symbols are
immediately displayed.
NOTE 3: AIS symbols are momentarily erased and the screen is redrawn after the
heading is changed in the head-up mode.
NOTE 4: AIS symbols are shown in dotted lines in the following cases:
No water or ground tracking speed of own ship, or there is no speed data. All
AIS symbols are shown in dotted lines and the message "NO CPA/TCPA for
AIS" appears (in red) in the [Alert] Box.
NOTE 5: Other AIS symbols that may appear are shown in the table below.

Symbol Meaning description Symbol Meaning description

Physical Basic shape Virtual Basic shape
AIS AtoN AIS AtoN
Racon Emergency wreck mark
Emergency North cardinal mark
wreck mark
North cardinal mark East cardinal mark
East cardinal mark South cardinal mark
South cardinal mark West cardinal mark
West cardinal mark Port hand mark
Port hand mark Starboard hand mark
Starboard hand mark Isolated danger
Isolated danger Safe water
Safe water Special mark
Special mark Intended location of missing
AtoN
Off position AIS SART
Lights failure AIS SAR aircraft

75
 Racon failure AIS SAR vessel
Base station

NOTE 6: The CPA and TCPA of AIS SAR aircraft data are not available.

4.2 Activate AIS

When you convert a sleeping target to an activated target, that target’s course and
speed are shown with a vector. You can easily judge target movement by monitoring the
vector.
Sleeping targets within an Capture Zone are automatically changed to activated
targets and are colored red.
1) Move the cursor on the AIS target you wish activate.
2) Press <ENT> to active AIS target.

4.3 Sleep AIS

You may "sleep" an AIS target as below when the screen becomes filled with targets,
which might prevent important radar and AIS displays from being identified.
1) Put the cursor on an activated AIS target symbol.
2) Press <ENT> key on the keyboard. The activated target symbol is replaced with
the sleeping target symbol (drawn in smaller symbol).

Sleeping AIS target

NOTE: AIS targets that have been activated automatically cannot be "slept."

4.4 Display AIS Data

You may display an AIS target’s data by selecting it on the display.

4.4.1 AIS basic data

Put the cursor on the AIS target symbol you want to know its data.

4.4.2 Remove AIS data display

Put the cursor to other place to remove AIS data.
76
4.4.3 Cancel tracking on an AIS from target data display
Move cursor to the target which you want to stop tracking, and then press <HL
OFF> key on the keyboard.

4.5 AIS Symbol Attributes

You may adjust the brilliance and select the size and color of the AIS symbol。

4.5.1 AIS symbol brilliance

Press <MENU> key on the keyboard, choose [DIMMER]  [MARK], to set the
appropriate brightness value.
Note: After setting the icon brightness, the brightness of all other icons (TT/ARPA,
waypoints) will also change.

4.5.2 AIS symbol color

Press <MENU> key on the keyboard, choose [TARGET]  [SIGN COLOR], to set
the color you want.
Note: After setting the target color, the color of all other icons (TT/ARPA, AIS) will
also change.

4.6 Past Position Display

The past position display shows equally time-spaced dots marking past positions of

activated AIS targets. A new dot is added at preset time intervals until the preset number

is reached. If a target changes its speed, the spacing will be uneven. If it changes

course, its plotted course will not be a straight line.

The sample of past position displays as below shown:

Sample past position displays

4.7 AIS Lost

An AIS target is declared as lost target when it fails to produce data for six minutes

or five reporting intervals, whichever is the shorter.

77
 When this occurs, the target is marked with the (flashing) lost target symbol and the

indication "LOST" appears in the [ALERT] Box. To acknowledge a lost target, press the

< ACK> key on the keyboard.

Lost target

NOTE 1: Generally, AIS target loss alarm is not displayed. If it needs to be displayed,

AIS loss alarm needs to be set.

NOTE 2: The AIS data transmission interval depends on target’s speed. For example,

the data is transmitted every 10 seconds on ship speed of 0 to 14 knots and

every two seconds on the ship speed of more than 23 knots. For details see the

owner’s manual of the AIS.

4.8 AIS Collision Alarm

The AIS continuously monitors the predicted range at the Closest Point of Approach

(CPA) and predicted time to CPA (TCPA) of each AIS target. When the predicted CPA of

an AIS target becomes smaller than a preset CPA range and its predicted TCPA less

than a preset TCPA limit, the audio alarm sounds and AIS COLLISION appears (in red)

in the [Alert] Box. In addition, the symbol of the offending AIS target is red and flashes

together with its vector.

CPA/TCPA alarm ranges must be set up properly taking into consideration the size,

tonnage, speed, turning performance and other characteristics of own ship. The

reference point for CPA and TCPA calculation is selected from conning position.
WARNING: The reference positions calculated by CPA/TCPA are all radar antenna
positions

4.8.1 CPA/TCPA Setting

1) Press <MENU> key on the keyboard, choose [TARGET]  [CPA], to set suitable
value you want.
2) Press <MENU> key on the keyboard, choose [TARGET]  [TCPA], to set
suitable value you want.
78
4.8.2 Acknowledge the Collision Alarm

To acknowledge the collision alarm, just press the < ACK> key on the keyboard, the

“AIS COLLISION” message will be shown in red and flashing in the [ALERT] box at the

right-bottom of the screen, and the target is flashing with the red color, until you cancel

the target tracking or the reason caused the collision is removed.

You can see the alarm information via alarm list in the menu.

4.9 AIS System Messages

AIS system messages are displayed at the bottom right corner of the screen. The

table below shows the AIS system messages and their meanings.

List of AIS system messages:

Message Meaning
CPA and TCPA of an activated AIS target are below
AIS COLLISION
value set on the menu.
AIS NEW AIS target has entered an Capture Zone.
Lost target. An activated target is declared a lost
AIS LOST target when it fails to produce data for six minutes or
five reporting intervals, whichever is the shorter.
AIS 95% FULL Appears when capacity for AIS targets is 95% full.
The radar only displays the maximum targets from
AIS FULL
own ship.
CPA/TCPA cannot be calculated. Further the
NO AIS CPA/TCPA CPA/TCPA value in the basic data display is marked
with an asterisk to indicate that it is not reliable.

79
 5 RADAR INSTALLATION
5.1 List of Radar

Name Type Quantity Remarks

RAX12C 1.85°/ 1.2m
Antenna 1
RAX18C 1.35°/ 1.8m
RTR04C 4kW
RTR06C 6kW
Transceiver 1
RTR10C 10.5kW
RTR25C 25kW
RDS12 12”
Processor & RDS15 15”
1
Monitor Unit RDS17 17”
RDS19 19”
Mouse and
RTK01 1
Keyboard Unit
Between host and
RC20C 20m
transceiver
NMEA0183 for Gyro、
Cable RDC5C 5m
GNSS、AIS
Between host and
RKC5C 5m
keyboard
IAP01C Accessories parts 1
RDM19 User's manual 1 Chinese / English
NOTE: In the table, we only provide one type of antenna, transceiver, monitor Unit for
one radar.

5.2 Antenna and Transceiver

5.2.1 Installation Notes:

● The antenna unit is generally installed on top of the wheelhouse or on the radar

80
 mast, on a suitable platform. To ensure maximum visibility of the target, the

antenna should be mounted at the higher position.

● A line from the antenna unit to the bow of the ship should intersect the surface of the

sea is less than 500 m or twice the ship’s length, depending the smaller.

Less than 500m or twice the ship’s length

● Mounted antenna unit should ensure minimum blind sectors; no blind sector exist

in arc of the horizon from right ahead to 22.5°aft of the beam to either side. Also,

individual blind sectors of more than 5°, or the total arc of both blind sectors of

more than 20°, should not occur in the remaining arc. If any two blind sectors

separated by 3°or less are regarded as one sector.

1,2,3≤5°1+2+3+...≤20°
● Antenna unit should be away from interference power sources and radio antenna.

● Keep the lower edge of the antenna unit above the safety rail by 0.5m or more.

● Two antenna units should be installed as the follows.

81
● No funnel, mast or derrick should be within the vertical beamwidth of the antenna

unit in the bow direction, especially zero degrees ±5°, to prevent blind sectors and

false echoes on the radar picture.

● The initial installation of the radar cannot guarantee the clear view in all directions,

so after mounted, you can adjust the angle.

● In order to prevent interference to the navigator and compass, the distance from

radar should be greater than 2m.

● To ensure proper emission of the radar waves, do not paint the radiator aperture.

● Leave sufficient space around the antenna unit for maintenance and servicing.

5.2.2 Assembling the Antenna Unit:

Antenna unit includes the antenna radiator and antenna unit base, and they are

packed respectively:

1) Remove the waveguide cap from the radiator base.

2) Coat the waveguide flange with anticorrosive sealant.

3) Grease the O-ring and set it.

4) Set the antenna radiator to the radiator base。

5) Coat bolts with antiseptic sealant and use them to fasten the antenna radiator to

the antenna unit base.

6) Refer to the following figure to fix antenna unit.

82
5.2.3 Mounting the Antenna Unit to the Platform

1) Referring to the outline drawing of the antenna unit base, to build a suitable

installation platform.

2) On the mounting platform drill 4 mounting holes of 15mm diameter.

3) Place the rubber pad on the mounting platforms.

4) Place the antenna unit on the platform, the bow mark faces the ship’s bow.

5) Fasten the antenna unit to the mounting platform with M12x60 hex bolts.

6) Establish the ground system on the mounting platform as followings. The

location should be within 340 mm of the ground terminal on the antenna unit.

Connect the ground wire between the grounding point and ground terminal on

the antenna unit. Coat the entire ground system with silicone sealant.

83
5.3 Processor & Display Unit

The monitor unit can be mounted on the embedded platform, or mounted by

brackets on a desktop.

5.3.1 General Installation Method:

● Select a location where the display unit can be viewed conveniently.

● The radar monitor unit optimum viewing distances are as follows:

● Installation location should be out of direct sunlight, away from heat sources。

● Locate the equipment away from the places of water splash and rain。

● Leave enough space on the sides and rear of the unit to maintenance.

● If the monitor unit is placed too close to the magnetic compass, you must keep a safe

distance to prevent the magnetic compass from being affected.

5.3.2 Embedded Mounting

1) Referring to the outline drawing to make cutout in mounting location.

2) Insert the monitor unit to the hole and fix it with 4 screws.

For 12.1” Processor & Display Unit

84
For 15” Processor & Display Unit

For 17” Processor & Display Unit

85
For 19” Processor & Display Unit

For 19” Keyboard Unit

86
5.3.3 Desktop Mounting

Referring to display bracket mounting drawings, leave enough mounting space on

the operating table, fix monitor bracket in the control desk with 4pcs bolts.

For 12.1” Processor & Display Unit

For 15” Processor & Display Unit

87
For 17” Processor & Display Unit

For 19” Processor & Display Unit

88
5.4 Wiring

Notes:

1) To minimize the interference of picking up electrical interference, as far as

possible to avoid routing the signal cable near other electrical equipment (radars,

transmitting radio antennas, etc.).

Also avoid routing the cable in parallel with power cables. When intersect with

other cable, the angle should be 90° to minimize the magnetic field coupling.

2) The signal cable between the antenna and processor units is available in

lengths of 20m. Whichever length is used, it must be unbroken, integral, namely,

no splicing is allowed. Use the signal cable as short as possible to reduce

attenuation of the signal.

3) The radar should be connected to an emergency power source.

89
5.5 Setting and Adjustment

Usually, after the installation of YONZOE radar is completed, it can be operated

directly, if you want to do some adjustments, you can adjust by yourself.

5.5.1 Tune Scan

During the radar installation, installers will initialize automatic tuning, if you are not

satisfied with the result of automatic tuning, you can re-initialize it as follows.

Press the <MENU> key on the keyboard, choose [TUNE]  [TUNE SCAN], choose

“ON”
NOTE 1: After a while, echoes appear on the screen. The message “TUNE SCAN”
appears at the right bottom of screen in yellow during automatic tuning. When this
message disappears, the tuning is completed. If necessary, adjust the GAIN to
show echoes clearly.
NOTE 2: Stop other operations with radar and wait for completion of tune scan.

5.5.2 Heading Alignment

The antenna unit has been mounted facing straight ahead in the direction of the bow.
Therefore, a small but conspicuous target ahead visually should appear on the heading
line on radar display. In practice, you will see some small bearing error on the display,
which is caused by the accurate of the antenna-unit’s initial position.
According to the following description, you can adjust to compensating the error.

90
1) At a range between 0.125 and 0.25 NM, select a stationary target echo
preferably near the heading line.
2) Operate the EBL control to measure the target bearing.
3) Read the target bearing data.
4) Press the <MENU> key on the keyboard, choose [SYS SCAN], press <ENT> or
<MULT> knob five times, choose [HEADING ADJ], enter heading line value, The
setting range is 0 to 359.9°.

91
NOTE: To enter [SYS SCAN], need to press <ENT> key or <MULT> knob five times.

5.5.3 Distance Adjustment

Respect to the length of the signal cable between the antenna unit and the
processor unit, sweep timing is different. Adjust sweep timing at installation to prevent
the following symptoms:
● At the 0.25NM range, the echo of straight target will appear on the display as
being pulled inward or pushed outward.
● The distance of target echoes will also be incorrectly shown.

1) Transmit on the 0.25 NM range.

2) With radar picture control keys to adjust displayed picture properly.
3) Select a target echo which should be displayed straightly.
4) Press the <MENU> key on the keyboard, choose [SYS SCAN], press <ENT> or
<MULT> knob five times, choose [DIS ADJ], enter suitable value, the setting range
is 0 to 4095.
NOTE: If there is a certain echo of a fixed ship around, and the AIS of the ship can
be received and displayed, follow the above steps to adjust the echo of the ship and the
displayed AIS icon to the coincidence position.

5.5.4 Suppressing Main Pulse

The main pulse may appear on the radar image, you can inhibit it as follows.
1) Wait for ten minus, if Radar in long range during transmitting.
2) Adjust the gain to make the displayed image have a small amount of noise
3) Select 0.25NM range and adjust the sea clutter suppression knob to suppress
sea clutter.
4) Press the <MENU> key on the keyboard, choose [SYS SCAN], press <ENT> or
92
 <MULT> knob five times, choose [MAIN BANG], enter suitable value, the setting
range is 0 to 255.

5.5.5 Noise ring suppression

Noise suppression ring is mainly for the waveguide radar.
Press the <MENU> key on the keyboard, choose [SYS SCAN], press <ENT> or
<MULT> knob five times, choose [NOISE RING], enter suitable value, the setting range
is 0 to 255.

5.5.6 Blind sector setting

Blind sector is an area where no radar pulse will be transmitted. Set the blind sector
where no radar pulses need to be transmitted, for example, set the area where an
interfering object at the rear of the scanner would produce a dead sector (area where no
echoes appear) on the display.
Note that heading should be adjusted before setting any blind sector. The system
provide two blind sectors, and the setting range of “START” is 0 to 359°and “ANGLE” is
0 to 180°.
Press the <MENU> key on the keyboard, choose [SYS SCAN], press <ENT> or
<MULT> knob five times, choose [BLIND AREA1]  [START ANGLE], enter suitable
value, the setting range is 0 to 359.
Press the <MENU> key on the keyboard, choose [SYS SCAN], press <ENT> or
<MULT> knob five times, choose [BLIND AREA1]  [END ANGLE], enter suitable value,
the setting range is 0 to 180.
The setting of blind area 2 is same as blind area 1, after setting, there will be a
sector in the screen.

5.5.7 Radar Information Settings

Press <MENU> key on the keyboard, choose [SYS INFO], press <ENT> or <MULT>
knob five times, you can see the radar information in the menu.

93
5.5.7.1 Antenna Height Setting

According to the actual situation, select height of the radar antenna unit from the

sea surface among 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and “> 50 m”.

5.5.7.2 Radar Model Setting

Confirm the model of your radar. Usually, there is no need to set.

5.5.7.3 Radar Working Hours

Radar's total working hours, generally there is no need setting. The system will

automatically calculate and display the running time of the radar. If needed, it can be

cleared, the unit of measure is in hours.

5.5.7.4 Magnetron Working Hours

Magnetron's total working hours, generally there is no need setting. The system will

automatically calculate and display the running time of the magnetron. If needed, it can

be cleared, the unit of measure is in hours.

5.5.7.5 Distance Unit

Choose nautical miles or kilometers according to habits.

5.5.7.6 Restore Factory Settings

Choose [FACTORY] to “yes”, Then follow the relevant prompts to restore factory
94
setting.

Note 1: After choosing to restore factory settings, some parameters you set before

will disappear.

Note 2: After the operation is restored to the factory settings, please power off and

restart the radar after the prompt.

Note 3: If the factory settings need to be restored, the radar should be in standby

mode and the magnetron warm-up time should end.

5.5.7.7 Radar Type Settings

Choosing IMO or RS radar will result in a different range list.

IMO radar ranges include 0.125、0.25、0.5、0.75、1、1.5、2、3、6、12、24、32、

48、64(NM or km)。

RS radar ranges include 0.125、0.25、0.5、0.75、1、1.6、2、3.2、4、8、16、32、

48、64(NM or km)。

5.6 Installation List and Drawings

Item Unit Description Model QTY Unit Remarks
1 Antenna RAX12C/RAX18C 1 pc 1.2m or 1.8m
RTR25C 25kW
RTR10C 10.5kW
2 Transceiver 1 pc
RTR06C 6kW
RTR04C 4kW
3 Processor & RDS12/RDS15
1 pc
Display Unit /RDS17/RDS19

Only for RDS17/

4 Keyboard RTK01C 1 pc
RDS19

5 Cable RC20C 1 pc 20 meter

6 Fuse 15A（DC） 5 pcs For DC Power
7 Power Cable 3m/1mm² 1 pc
8 NMEA0183 Cable NMEA0183
RDC5C 1 pc
input
9 Only for RDS17/
Keyboard Cable RKC5C 1 pc
RDS19
10 Sealant 264B 1 pc Waterproof and
95
 anti-aging
adhesive
11 Antenna Bolts M8X45 8 pc
12 Transceiver Bolts M12X45 4 pc
13 Platform Rubber RTP01C 1 pc
14 Display Unit RDS12B/RDS15B/ pc Optional
1
Bracket RDS17B/RDS19B
15 Display Unit bolts M4X8 4 pcs
16 Display Unit bolts M6X12 5 pcs
17 Display Clean kit 1 pc
18 User Manual RDM19 1 pc
19 QC Certification RDQ19 1 pc
20 Warranty Card RDC19 1 pc

6 MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING

Periodic checks and maintenance are important for proper operation of any
electronic system. This chapter contains maintenance and troubleshooting instructions
to be followed to obtain optimum performance and the longest possible life of the
equipment. Before attempting any maintenance or troubleshooting procedure please
review the safety information below.

96
WARNING: Do not apply paint, anti-corrosive sealant or contact spray to coating or
plastic parts of the equipment. Otherwise, we assume no liability or responsibility for
damages or injuries caused by it.

6.1 Periodic Maintenance

Regular maintenance is essential to good performance of the device and should at

least include the items shown in the table below.

Time Check point Check and measures Remarks
Interval
Processor unit Removed dust and dirt with Don’t use chemical-based
cleanliness a soft cloth. cleaners to clean the LCD. They
When may remove paint and markings.
necessary LCD accumulate Wipe the LCD carefully to Please don’t use
97
 a layer of dust prevent scratching. To use chemical-based cleaners to
which tends to an LCD cleaner, To remove clean the LCD. They may cause
dim image stubborn dirt, wiping slowly the LCD coating damaged.
with tissue paper so as to
dissolve the dirt.
On antenna Unit Check the corroded or Sealing compound may be used
nuts or bolts are loosened nuts and bolts. If instead of paint. Between the nut
exposed there is necessary, should and bolt spread amount of
3 to 6 clean and repaint them grease, for easy removal in
months thickly. Replace them if future.
heavily corroded.
Antenna radiator Check dirt and cracks on Chemical-based cleaners can
the surfaces of the radiator, remove paint and markings, do
if a crack is found, spread a not used for cleaning.
slight amount of sealing Use a wooden hammer or plastic
compound or adhesive as a hammer to remove ice from the
temporary remedy, then call antenna unit. Crack on the
for repair. Thick dirt should antenna unit may cause water
be wiped off with soft cloth ingress, causing serious
dampened with fresh water. damages to internal circuits.
Antenna unit Open antenna covers to When closing antenna covers,
terminal strips check terminal strips and be careful not to catch loose
and plugs. plugs connections inside. wires between covers and unit.
(Technician only) Also check the rubber
gasket of antenna covers
for deterioration.
Terminal strips, Check loose connections;
6 months sockets, earth Check contacts and plugs
to a year terminal on for
processor unit proper seating, etc.
(Technician only)

6.2 Life Expectancy of Major Parts

Parts Type Life expectancy Remarks
Antenna YZ-MCS-SGNB >30,000 h
motor (24rmp，X-band)
Magnetron MSF1421B (4kW) Check the TX time, Reset
4,000h
MSF1422B (6kW) time after replacement.
4,000h
MSF1425B (10.5kW)
LED-backlit LQ121S1LG0A 70,000h
display

The life expectancy figures are typical values. Actual life depends on usage.
98
6.3 Replace the fuse

The fuse at the rear of the processor unit and the display unit. If you cannot turn on

the power, should first check the fuse. Find the cause of the trouble before replacing the

fuse.
Unit Input voltage Fuse
Processor & Display Unit 24VDC 15A

6.4 Easy Troubleshooting

If you can’t restore normal operation, do not attempt to check any unit inside. Any

repair work is best left to a qualified technician.

Problem Reason Troubleshooting
Power on, but no image Brilliance is too low Turn BRILL control clockwise to
increase the brilliance
Key beep inaudible Key beep turned off Adjust key beep volume level on
the OPERATION menu.
Tracked target tracked Poor definition of targets Adjust SEA and RAIN
Incorrectly in sea clutter
Indications and noise appear Transmit high-voltage Reset the power to restore
but no echo protection
Tuning adjusted but poor 2nd trace echo rejector Turn off the 2nd trace echo
sensitivity on or dirt on the radiator rejector
surface Clean the radiator surface

6.5 Advanced-level Troubleshooting

This section describes how to solve the hardware and software failures. All those
operations should be carried out by qualified service personnel.
Problem Reason Troubleshooting
Antenna not rotating Antenna drive mechanism Replace antenna drive mechanism
Data and marks not Processor board Replace processor board
displayed in TX status
With SEA set at minimum IF board coaxial cable Replace IF board
adjust GAIN. marks and Check continuity and isolation of
indications appear but no coaxial cable. If coaxial is good,
noise or echo replace processor board.
Power on but radar does 1.Blown fuse 1.Replace blown fuse.
not operate at all 2.Input polarity (DC) 2.Correct power wire and
input voltage
99
 3.Power supply board 3.Replace power supply board
Brilliance adjusted but no Processor board Replace processor board
picture
Indications and noise 1.Transmit high-voltage 1.Reset power
appear but no echo 2.Magnetron 2.Replace magnetron
3.Modulator board 3. Replace modulator board.
4.Processor board 4. Replace processor board.
Incorrect orientation of 1.Processor board 1. The message “HEADING” in red
figure appears when the heading is not
received during transmit.
2. Replace the gyro interface.
2.Gyro interface
Picture not updated 1.Bearing signal generator 1.Replace signal generator board
board (in antenna unit) 2.Reset power, if still not work,
2.Processor board replace processor board
Radar tuning is completed, 1.Deteriorated magnetron 1.Set radar pulse to “L”, check
the sensitivity is not enough 2.Detuned magnetron current. If current is
below normal, magnetron may be
3.Dirt on radiator face
defective, please replace it.
4.Water ingress to the
2.Check tuning current. If it is below
waveguide
normal value, retune it.
5.Second echo rejection
3.Clean the radiator surface.
function is ON
4.Remove water from the feeder
line.
5.Disable the second-echo rejector
True motion presentation 1.Selection not accessed 1.Press <DISP MODE 3> key until
not working correctly 2.Speed entry incorrect TM appears.

3.TM display inaccurate 2.Enter correct own ship speed

3.Make sure that speed and
compass inputs are accurate
Target not tracked correctly Poor definition of targets in Adjust SEA and RAIN
sea clutter
Echo stretch is ineffective Processor board Replace Processor board.
（ES）
Poor discrimination in range Control（SEA）not Improper setting of SEA. If SEA is
functioning properly seen only at very close range.

6.6 Diagnostics
A diagnostic test program is provided to test major circuit boards in the control unit,
100
processor unit and card I/F unit.
NOTE: The normal radar picture is lost during this test.
Proceed as follows to execute the diagnostic test:
1) Open menu to choose [DISPLAY]  [SELF TEST].

2) Choose [SELF TEST] to “ON”, enter self-test interface.

101
12.1” Display Diagram

15” Display Diagram

102
 17/19” Display Diagram

3) Press <ESC> or <HL OFF> or <F1> key to enter next self-test interface as
below shown.

12.1” Display Diagram

103
15” Display Diagram

104
 17/19” Display Diagram

4) Press < ESC> or <HL OFF> or <F1> key to quit self-test interface, restore radar
to previous condition.

6.7 Network
This radar provide network for special use.
NOTE ： You may need PC, network wire, and some knowledge about network
setting to finish operations mentioned in this section. If you have any questions, ask
your YONZOE representative office or dealer.

6.7.1 Set Network Parameters

You can set the network parameters as follows：Press < MENU> key to choose

[SYS INFO], press <ENT> key or <MULT> knob five times to enter [RADAR IP], then to

setup suitable IP address.

105
6.7.2 Update Radar System

In order to update radar system, you need to be authorized by YONZOE and get

updated files and an application from YONZOE. After that, connect your PC to the radar

with network wire then do the followings to update your radar, otherwise forget it and

skip this section.

1) Put the updated files and application you get from YONZOE in the same path on
your PC.
2) Set IP address of your PC with “192.168.1.31”. Run the application.
3) According to 6.8.1 to set IP address to “192.168.1.161”.
4) Open menu, to choose [SYS INFO]  [PRO UPDATE] to “YES”.
NOTE1: When updating, stop doing other radar operations, just wait to finish.

NOTE2: Make the radar transmitter under standby before doing updating.

NOTE3: After finished, in order to make the new system become effective, please
repower on the radar.

NOTE4: The system will automatically update all programs, please wait patiently for the
end of the program upgrade

106
8 APPENDIX 2 MENU TREE

107
108
109
110
9 APPENDIX 4
Digital Interface

Input sentences
ACK, ACM, ALR, BWC, BWR, DBT, DPT, DTM, GGA, GLL, GNS, HBT, HDT, MTW,
MWV, RMB, RMC, RTE, THS, VBW, VDR, VHW, VTG, WPL, ZDA, !AIVDM, !AIVDO

Output sentences
ACK, ALC, ALF, ALR, ARC, EVE, HBT, OSD, TLB, TTD, TTM, RSD

Data reception
Data is received in serial asynchronous form in accordance with the standard
referenced in IEC 61162-2.
The following parameters are used:
Baud rate: 38,400 bps: HDT, !AIVDM, !AIVDO and $AIALR.
All other sentences: 4800 bps

Data bits：8 (D7 = 0), Parity：none, Stop bits：1

Data sentences

Input sentences:

111
 Note 1: Release time of alarm command. (For example, for VDR), the optional field
can be blank. The sender is allowed to use all the alternatives defined in the field type
summary in Table 5 of IEC 61162-1:2010. Allow recipients to ignore the contents of this
field. If the receiver does not ignore this field, it shall support all alternatives defined in
the field type summary in Table 5 of IEC 61162-1:2010.

Note 2: For manufacturer defined proprietary alarms. This field should be empty for
standardized alerts. See Appendix J. for a list of standardized alarms

Note 3: The alert identifier is unique within a single alert source. The alarm identifier
is a variable length integer with a maximum of 7-digit integer. It is used to identify the
type of alert, such as a "lost target" alert. For standardized alarms, see the list of alarm
identifiers in Appendix J. 10000-99999999 is reserved for proprietary alarms. Alert
identifiers examples:

“001”, “2456789”, “245”

Note 4: Alarm instance identifies the current instance of the alarm to distinguish
between alarms of the same type (alarm identifier) and alarms of the same source (such
as dangerous target).

The alarm instance is a maximum 6-bit integer from 1 to 999999. The number of
alarm instances can be freely defined by the manufacturer as long as it is unique for one
type of alarm (alarm identifier). It is not allowed to modify an alert instance during the
time period of a distributed alert (from the Active Unacknowledged state to the Normal
state). When there is only one type of alarm, it can also be a null character.

Note 5: This should not be null field.

Confirmation: A

Request / repeat message: Q

112
 Responsibility transfer: O

Silence: S

Note 6: This field should be C and cannot be empty to prompt that this is a
command and that statements without C are not commands.

Note 1: Positioning system status assignment

A=Autonomous

D=difference

E=estimated (dead reckoning)

M=manual input

N=invalid data

The mode indicator field shall not be a null field.

113
1. Water depth, feet

2. Water depth, m

3. Water depth, fathoms

4. Checksum

114
115
1. Latitude, N/S

2. Longitude, E/W
116
 3. UTC of position

4. Status: A=data valid, V=data invalid

5. Mode indicator (see note)

6. Checksum

Note: Positioning system mode indicator:

A: Autonomous

B: Differential

E: Estimation (dead reckoning)

M: Manual input

S: Simulator

N: Illegal data

The mode indicator field supplements the status field, The status field shall be set to

V=invalid for all values of operating mode except for A=Autonomous and D=Differential.

The positioning system mode indicator and status field shall not be null fields.

Position data shown in green in case of A=data valid and A and D, red in case of V=data

invalid, E, M, S and N.

1. UTC of position
117
 2. Latitude, N/S

3. Longitude, E/W

4. Mode indicator

5. Total number of satellites in use, 00-99

6. HDOP

7. Antenna altitude, meters, re: mean-sea-level (geoid)

8. Geoidal separation

9. Age of differential data

10. Differential reference station ID

11. Checksum

Note 1: The configured autonomous repeat interval in seconds. This field should be set

to NULL in response to a query if this feature is supported.

Note 2: Equipment in normal operation: A=Yes and V=No

This filed can be used to indicate the current equipment status. This could be the result

of a built-in integrity testing function.

Note 3: The sequential sentence identifier provides a message identification number

from 0 to 9, that is sequentially assigned and is incremented for each new sentence.

This count resets to 0 after 9 is used.

118
1. Wind angle, 0 to 359 (degrees)

2. Reference, R=relative, T=true

3. Wind speed

4. Wind speed units, KN / M /N

5. Status, A=data valid, V=data invalid

6. Checksum

1. Data status, A: legal, V: navigation receiver warning

119
 2. Cross track error (see Note 2), in nautical miles

3. Direction to steer L/R

4. Origin waypoint ID

5. Destination waypoint ID

6. Latitude of destination waypoint, N/S

7. Longitude of destination waypoint, E/W

8. Range to distance, in nautical miles (see Note 1)

9. Bearing to destination, degree true

10. Destination closing velocity, knots

11. Arrival status, A=arrival circle entered or perpendicular passed

12. Mode indicator (see Note 3)

13. Checksum

NOTES

1. If range to destination exceeds 999.9 nautical miles, display 999.9.

2. If cross track error exceeds 9.99 nautical miles, display 9.99.

3. Positioning system mode indicator

A=Autonomous

D=differential

E=estimation (dead reckoning)

M=manual input

S=Simulator

N=Illegal data

The mode indicator field is a supplement to the short status field. The status field

shall be set to V=invalid for all values of operating mode except for A=autonomous and

120
D=differential. The positioning system mode indicator and status field should not be null

fields.

Data is used in case of A=data valid and A and D, Data is not used in case of V=data

invalid, E, M, S and N.

1. UTC of position

2. Status: A=data valid, V=navigation receiver warning

3. Latitude, N/S

4. Longitude, E/W

5. Speed over ground, knots

6. Course over ground, degree true

7. Date: dd/mm/yy

8. Magnetic variation, degrees E/W

9. Mode indicator (see note)

10. Checksum

The mode indicator field supplements the status field, The status field shall be set to

V=invalid for all values of operating mode except for A=Autonomous and D=Differential.

The positioning system mode indicator and status field shall not be null fields.

Position data shown in green in case of A=data valid and A and D, red in case of

V=data invalid, E, M, S and N.

121
 1. Total number of messages being transmitted.

2. Message number

3. Message mode:

C=complete route, all waypoints

W=working route, first listed waypoint is “FROM” second is “TO” and remaining

reset of route.

4. Route identifier

5. Waypoint identifier

6. Waypoint “n” identifier

7. Checksum

1. Heading, degree true

2. Status

A: Autonomous

E: Estimation (dead reckoning)

M: Manual input

S: Simulator mode

122
 V: Data not valid

3. Checksum

1. Longitudinal water speed, knots

2. Transverse water speed, knots

3. Status: water speed, A=data valid, V=data invalid

4. Longitudinal ground speed, knots

5. Transverse ground speed, knots

6. Status: ground speed, A=data valid, V=data invalid

7. Stern transverse water speed, knots

8. Status: stern water speed, A=data valid, V=data invalid

9. Stern transverse ground speed, knots

10. Status: stern ground speed, A=data valid, V=data invalid

11. Checksum

123
1. Direction, degrees true

2. Direction, degrees magnetic

3. Current speed, knots

4. Checksum

1. Heading, degrees true

2. Heading, degrees magnetic

3. Speed, knots

4. Speed, km/h

5. Checksum

124
 1. Course over ground, degrees true

2. Course over ground, degrees magnetic

3. Speed over ground, knots

4. Speed over ground, km/h

5. Mode indicator (see note)

6. Checksum

NOTE: Positioning system mode indicator

A = Autonomous

D = Differential

E = Estimated (dead reckoning)

S = Simulator

N = Data not valid

The positioning system mode indicator field shall not be a null field, Data shown in green

in case of A and D, red in case of E, M, S and N.

1. Waypoint latitude, N/S

2. Waypoint longitude, E/W

125
3. Waypoint identifier

4. Checksum

126
Output sentences：

127
128
129
130
131
Note 1: Configured autonomous repeat interval in seconds. This field should be set to NULL in

response to a query if this feature is supported.

Note 2: Equipment in normal operation, A = yes, V = no

This field can be used to indicate the current equipment status. This could be the result of an built-in

integrity testing function.

Note 3: The sequential sentence identifier provides a message identification number from 0 to 9 that

is sequentially assigned and is incremented for each new sentence. The count resets to 0 after 9 is

used.

132
133
1. Total hex number of sentences need to transfer the messages

2. Hex sentence number, 1 to FF

3. Sequential message identifier, 0 to 9

4. Encapsulated tracked target data

5. Number of fill bits, 0 to 5

134
NOTE ： for more information of encapsulated tracked target data, please see in

IEC611262-2

NOTE: For this radar the number is 1-80.

135
10 INTERCONNECTION DIAGRAMS
6kW Transceiver Radar Diagram

Processor & Display Unit Transceiver Unit

136
4kW Transceiver Radar Diagram

Processor & Display Unit Transceiver Unit

137