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relay

Relays are electromechanical switches that control one circuit by opening and closing contacts in another circuit, using electrical signals instead of manual operation. They are commonly used to manage high-power devices like motors and heaters by interfacing with transistors for efficient switching. Relay circuits can be configured using NPN or PNP transistors to control the flow of current to the relay coil based on the base voltage.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
7 views15 pages

relay

Relays are electromechanical switches that control one circuit by opening and closing contacts in another circuit, using electrical signals instead of manual operation. They are commonly used to manage high-power devices like motors and heaters by interfacing with transistors for efficient switching. Relay circuits can be configured using NPN or PNP transistors to control the flow of current to the relay coil based on the base voltage.

Uploaded by

feraliv917
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Relay

Relays are switches that open and close circuits electromechanically or


electronically. Relays control one electrical circuit by opening and closing
contacts in another circuit. As relay diagrams show, when a relay contact is
normally open (NO), there is an open contact when the relay is not energized.
Relay interfacing with Microcontroller

Embedded Lab Practicals 3


Relay interfacing with Microcontroller

Embedded Lab Practicals 4


A Relay is a simple electromechanical switch. While we use normal switches to close or open a circuit manually, a Relay is also a
switch that connects or disconnects two circuits. But instead of a manual operation, a relay uses an electrical signal to control an
electromagnet, which in turn connects or disconnects another circuit.

These contacts are named as normally open (NO),normally closed(NC) and common(COM) contacts.
RELAY SWITCH CIRCUIT
Relays are widely used to protect electronic devices from short circuits these are electromechanical
devices which uses electromagnet and it is used to close the movable contacts when it is in open position

Relays are used to control motors, heaters, or AC circuits which will draw a lot more electrical power. in
relay switching circuits it uses transistors as the main switching device because the transistor can provide
fast DC switching (on-off)

The main usage of the relay switch circuit is that if a low power electrical circuit is switched to high current
or voltage both “on and off” relay switch circuit can control it.

while building circuits we need to use a transistor switch so that we can control high power devices such
as motors, heating elements or AC circuits but these devices require large current than a single transistor
can handle in that case we can use a relay switching circuit to do this
NPN RELAY SWITCH CIRCUIT

If the base voltage of the transistor is zero


the transistor will cut-off and it will be an
open switch and during this condition, there
is no collector current flow and the relay coil
will be de-energized because there is no
current flow through the base and thus
there is no current flow through the relay
coil. If a large current flows to the base to
saturate the NPN transistor the current
flowing from the base to emitter will control
the large relay current that flows through the
collector to emitter
PNP RELAY SWITCH CIRCUIT

The PNP relay switches circuit is the opposite to


the NPN relay switching circuit if the base is
forward biased with the voltage more negative than
the emitter then the load current will flow from the
emitter to the collector. Both the base and collector
must be negative with respect to the emitter then
only the relay load current will flow through the
emitter to the collector. If the Vin is high then the
PNP transistor is switched off and so the relay coil
will do the same if the Vin is low the base voltage
will be less than the emitter voltage and the PNP
transistor will turn On the resistor value in the base
sets the base current and it will set the collector
current that drives the relay coil

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