HỘI CÁC TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN KỲ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI

VÙNG DH&ĐB BẮC BỘ LẦN THỨ XIV, NĂM 2024

ĐỀ ĐỀ XUẤT THI MÔN: TIẾNG ANH - LỚP 10
Thời gian làm bài: 180 phút (không kể thời gian giao đề)
Ngày thi: ….. tháng …. năm 2024

ĐỀ ĐẾ XUẤT
(Đề thi gồm 13 trang)
Điểm Giám khảo số 1 Giám khảo số 2 Số phách
Bằng số Bằng chữ (Họ tên, chữ ký) (Họ tên, chữ ký) (Do chủ tịch HĐ ghi)

* Ghi chú: - Đề thi gồm 15 trang. Thí sinh làm bài trực tiếp vào đề thi.
- Thí sinh không được sử dụng tài liệu, kể cả từ điển.
- Giám thị coi thi không giải thích gì thêm.

SECTION 1: LISTENING (50 points)

HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU

 Bài nghe gồm 4 phần; mỗi phần được nghe 2 lần, mỗi lần cách nhau 05 giây; mở đầu và kết thúc mỗi
phần nghe có tín hiệu. Thí sinh có 20 giây để đọc mỗi phần câu hỏi.
 Mở đầu và kết thúc bài nghe có tín hiệu nhạc. Thí sinh có 03 phút để hoàn chỉnh bài trước tín hiệu nhạc
kết thúc bài nghe.
 Mọi hướng dẫn cho thí sinh (bằng tiếng Anh) đã có trong bài nghe

Part 1: For questions 1-5, listen to the recording and complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN
TWO WORDS AND/ OR NUMBERS for each answer. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes provided. (10 pts)

Hinchingbrooke Country Park

The park
Area: 1.________hectares
Habitats: wetland, grassland and woodland
Wetland: lakes, ponds and a 2. _________
Wildlife includes birds, insects and animals
Subjects studied in educational visits include
Science: Children look at data about plants, etc.
Geography: includes learning to use a map and 3.___________
History: changes in land use
Leisure and tourism: mostly concentrates on the 4. __________
Music: Children make sounds with natural materials, and experiment with 5. ___________
(Cambridge Ielts 19)
Your answers:
1.___________ 2.___________ 3.___________ 4.___________ 5. ___________

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Part 2: For question 6-10, listen to the recording and decide whether the following statements are true (T)
or false (F). Write your answers in the corresponding boxes provided.
6. Despite the potential benefits, globalization always leads to a fair distribution of economic gains among
participating countries.
7. The influx of capital into poorer countries due to globalization could gradually lead to the eradication of
poverty.
8. Countries consistently adhere to principles of fair trade without engaging in tactics to manipulate trade
advantages.
9. Globalization is rarely criticized by local politicians and citizens as a cause of economic challenges.
10. Artificially weakening currencies and subsidizing industries are tactics commonly used by countries to
enhance their export competitiveness within the global market.
(Adapted from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xc0bR9tiDyU)
Your answers:
6.___________ 7.___________ 8.___________ 9.___________ 10. ___________

Part 3. You will hear a discussion in which two food technology students, called Bill and Kelly, are
talking with their tutor about the Mediterranean diet. For questions 11-15, choose the answer
(A, B, C or D. which fits best according to what you hear. (10 points)
(Adapted from: https://englishpracticetest.net/practice-cae-c1-listening-test-05-with-answers-and-
audioscripts/)

11. According to Bill, what is a common misconception about the Mediterranean diet in product
publicity?
A. It is only based on food from Italy.
B. It is heavily reliant on processed foods.
C. It can keep you looking younger.
D. It is only suitable for people with physical jobs.
12. Why does the tutor mention that Mediterranean families have adapted their diets?
A. Because they prefer modern fast food.
B. Due to a decline in physical activity in modern jobs.
C. Since they dislike traditional foods.
D. Owing to a shortage of fresh produce.
13. What did Kelly discover about the difference between pure olive oil and other olive oils?
A. Pure olive oil is less expensive.
B. Pure olive oil is heat-treated.
C. Pure olive oil is never heated, just pressed.
D. Pure olive oil is not as good for heart health.
14. What is one of the problems Bill identifies with following the Mediterranean
diet in modern times?
A. It requires spending a lot of time preparing meals.
B. It excludes carbohydrates like bread and pasta.
C. It includes too many processed foods.
D. It is not suitable for people with allergies.
15. What is Kelly particularly interested in regarding the health benefits of the Mediterranean diet?
A. Its impact on weight loss.
B. Its effects on mental processes and recall abilities.
C. Its potential to reduce the risk of allergies.
D. Its suitability for vegetarians.

Your answers:
11.___________ 12.___________ 13.___________ 14.___________ 15. ___________

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Part 4: For questions 16-25, listen to a piece of news about Apple In Talks to Build Googles AI Into
iPhones . WRITE NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.

Apple acknowledges the necessity to (16)______ more deeply and intelligently into its products,
particularly the iPhone. It already has a long-standing, deep, and (17)______ with Google, emphasizing
Google search on the iPhone. Apple aims to advance this relationship by integrating Google’s (18)______
into the iPhone, enhancing its capabilities and intelligence. This move reflects Apple's recognition of being a
(19)______ in AI compared to other big tech companies, admitting that it cannot achieve AI advancements
independently.
(20)______ , including the DOJ and FTC, are scrutinizing major tech collaborations due to concerns about
(21)______ and competition. Apple's exploration of other partnerships, such as with OpenAI, and its search
for the next significant innovation, especially after discontinuing its car (22)______ , highlight its need for a
new breakthrough. The upcoming (23)______ in June might reveal Apple's AI strategy, although building
robust AI tools requires extensive (24)______. Apple may use the conference to (25)______ at future AI
developments, even if the details aren’t fully finalized.
(Adapted from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnPiHn9Hxx4)
Your answers:
16.___________ 17.___________ 18.___________ 19.___________ 20. ___________
21.___________ 22.___________ 33.___________ 24.___________ 25.___________

SECTION 2: LEXICO- GRAMMAR (40 points)

Part 1. For questions 26-55, choose the best option A, B, C, or D to complete the following sentences and
write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (30 points)

26. Don’t waste your time telling Jim a joke. He is totally ______ of a sense of humour.
A. deficient B. missing C. devoid D. lacking
27. The room was _____ decorated in gold and silver; it was quite simply over the top.
A. ostentatiously B. tantalizingly C. tactfully D. benevolently
28. The colours in some of the photos we took two years ago have begun to ________.
A. fail B. faint C. fade D. light
29. The film ________ several scenes that might upset young children.
A. admits B. involves C. contains D. displays
30. Having to rewrite a report that you thought was pretty good can be rather ______.
A. back-breaking B. soul-destroying C. mind-blowing D. slow-moving
31. Capital injections occur in case a company or an organization suffers financial ______.
A.discomfort B.anxiety C. dejection D. distress
32. By an unfortunate ___________, the bride’s sister was not invited to the wedding.
insult B. oversight C. neglect D. disregard
33. My brother’s been a_____of strength through all the problems I’ve haD.
A. tower B. heap C. mountain D. show
34. His friends failed to see why he should ride the high ________ just because he had won an election.
A. hat B. horse C. shoes D. nose
35. If you are going to town, keep your eyes ________ for that book I was telling you about.
A. peeled B. clean C. wide D. fresh
36. He was a tall, intimidating persson, with a firm tone of voice and a very short ______ .
A. temperament B. line C. patience D. fuse
37. She went under ________ as a waiter to write an article on tipping.
A. mask B. act C. cover D. pose
38. When she started borrowing my clothes without asking, I had to put my ______ down.
A. stamp B. show C. fish D. foot
39. At a dinner to mark his retirement, Neville was ______ with a silver clock.
A. provided B. given C. gifted D. presented
40. Failing to submit the proposal on time was______for Tom.
A. a real kick in the pants B. an open and shut case

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C. a shot in the dark D. a nail in the coffin
41. Jungkook's extraordinary talent in singing and dancing has elevated him to a ______ position within the
BTS group.
A. prominent B. prominence C. prominently D. improminent
42. My sister remained very calm. She _______ .
A. kept her temper B. kept her soul C. kept her head D. lost her head
43. Many species of fish have ________ ways of protecting their eggs from predators.
A. ingenious B. indicative C. inspiring D. ingenuous
44. I’m afraid that the facts don’t ______your theory.
A. pull off B. check out C. show off D. bear out
45. _______ over long distances is a fact.
A. That electricity can be transmitted B. That electricity transmitting
C. That electricity D. That can be transmitted
46. She can’t be interested in the lessons, ___________ that she always arrives late.
A. viewing B. seeing C. noting D. judging
47. At the South Pole _______, the coldest and most desolate region on Earth.
A. Antarctica lies where B. Antarctica lies and
C. where Antarctica lies D. lies Antarctica
48. __________ a fire, hotel guests are asked to remain calm.
As a result of B. In the event of C. By reason of D. In the time of
49. _______ in the diet is especially important for vegetarians.
A. Enough protein is obtained B. Obtaining enough protein
C. They obtain enough protein D. By obtaining enough protein
50. ________ to Jim myself, I can’t tell why he would do such terrible things.
A. Not to be speaking B. Not to have spoken
C. Because of not being spoken D. Not having spoken
51. Things would have been better ________ to my advice.
A. you not listened B. were you listened C. had you listened D. if you listened
52. At no time in history ________ such a diligent and brilliant fellow.
A. has Peter and his classmates ever met B. have Peter and his classmates met
C. Peter and his classmates ever met D. Peter and his classmates had ever met.
53. ______ at home requires only three types of chemicals, several pieces of simple equipment, and running
water.
A. For the development of film B. To develop film
C. When film is developed D. In developing film
54. ______ invisible to the unaided eye, ultraviolet light can be detected in a number of ways.
A. Although is B. Despite C. Even though it D. Although
55. He harbors a deep resentment ___________ his parents for his miserable childhood.
A. on B. from C. for D. against

Your answers:

26.__________ 27.__________ 28.__________ 29.__________ 30. __________

31.__________ 32.__________ 33.__________ 34.__________ 35.__________
36.__________ 37.__________ 38.__________ 39.__________ 40. __________
41.__________ 42.__________ 43.__________ 44.__________ 45.__________
46.__________ 47.__________ 48.__________ 49.__________ 50.__________
51.__________ 52.__________ 53.__________ 54.__________ 55.__________

Part 2. For questions 56-65, fill each gap with the correct form of the words in brackets. Write your
answer in the boxes provided. (10 points)

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56. In the United States, many environmentalists are in ______ to manufacturers over the use of single-use
plastics. (OPPOSE)
57. Being the hardest natural substance, diamond is practically ______ . (DESTROY)
58. The ecological consequences of a nuclear war are ______ . (CALCULATE)
59. Wearing high heels on a hiking trail is not only uncomfortable but also______ . (PRACTICE)
60. Skin______ may occur if you are allergic to certain ingredients in cosmetic products. (IRRITATE)
61. The leaders gave an ______ welcome to all the guests (ENTHUSIASM)
62. As soon as the meeting began, however, ______ differences emerged. (RECONCILE)
63. Local planners admit they ______ the number of tourists that would come for the festival.
(ESTIMATE)
64. Constant criticism can ______ employees and affect their overall job performance. (MOTIVATE)
65. It's a hot day today, so take the ______ of using sun cream and drinking plenty of water. (CAUTION)

Your answers:
56. 57.
58. 59.
60. 61.
62. 63.
64. 65.

SECTION 3: READING (60 points)

Part 1. For questions 66-75, read the following passage and decide which option (A, B, C, or D. best fits
each gap. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes. (15 points)
Our obsession with recording every detail of our happiest moments could be (66)______ our ability to
remember them, according to new research.
Dr Linda Henkel, from Fairfield University, Connecticut, (67)______ this as the ‘photo-taking
impairment effect’. She said, ‘People often whip out their cameras almost mindlessly to (68)______ a
moment, to the point that they are missing what is happening (69)______ in front of them.’ When people
rely on technology to remember for them (70)______, on the camera to record the event and thus not
needing to (71)______ to it fully themselves - it can have a negative (72)______ on how well they
remember their experiences.
In Dr Henkel’s experiment, a group of university students were (73)______ on a tour of a museum and
asked to either photograph or try to remember objects on display. The next day each student’s memory was
tested. The results showed that people were less (74)______ in recognising the objects they had
photographed (75)______ with those they had only looked at.
66. A. damaging B. breaking C. injuring D. hurting
67. A. traced B. related C. painted D. described
68. A. seize B. grasp C. capture D. snatch
69. A. quite B. right C. merely D. barely
70. A. counting B. settling C. assuming D. swearing
71. A. engage B. apply C. attend D. dedicate
72. A. result B. aspect C. extent D. impact
73. A. steered B. run C. led D. conveyed
74. A. accurate B. faithful C. exact D. factual
75. A. measured B. compared C. matched D. confronted

Your answers:
66.____ 67.____ 68.____ 69.____ 70.____ 71.____ 72.____ 73.____ 74.____ 75.____

Part 2: Read the passage and fill in one word that best fits each space. Write your answers in the space
provided. (15pts)

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Our daily lives are largely made up of contacts with other people, during which we are constantly making
judgments of their personalities and accommodating our behavior to them in (76)_______ with these
judgments. A casual meeting of neighbors on the street, an employer giving instructions to an employee, a
mother telling her children how to behave, a journey in a train where strangers eye one another without
exchanging a word - all these involve (77)_______ interpretations of personal qualities. Success in many
vocations largely depends on skill in (78)_______ up people. It is important not only to such professionals
as the clinical psychologist, the psychiatrist or the social worker, but also to the doctor or lawyer in dealing
with their clients, the businessman trying to outwit his rivals, the salesman with potential customers, the
teacher with his pupils, (79)_______ to speak of the pupils judging their teacher. Social life, indeed, would
be (80)_______ if we did not, to some extent, understand, and react to the motives and qualities of those we
meet; and clearly we are sufficiently accurate for most practical purposes, although we also recognize that
misinterpretations easily (81)_______ - particularly on the part of others who judge us! Errors can often be
corrected as we go (82)_______. But whenever we are (83)_______ down to a definite decision about a
person, which cannot easily be revised through his 'feed-back', the inadequacies of our judgments become
apparent. The hostess who wrongly thinks that the Smiths and the Joneses will get on well together can do
(84)_______ to retrieve the success of her party. A school or a business may be saddled for years with an
undesirable member of staff, because the selection committee which interviewed him for a quarter of an
hour (85)_______ his personality.

Your answers:
76. _________ 77. _________ 78. __________ 79. _________ 80. __________
81. _________ 82. _________ 83. _________ 84. _________ 85. _________

Part 3. For questions 86-95, read the following passage and circle the best answer to each of the
following questions. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes provided. (15 points)
The craft of perfumery has an ancient and global heritage. The art flourished in Ancient Rome,
where the emperors were said to bathe in scent. After the fall of Rome, much of the knowledge was lost, but
survived in Islamic civilizations in the Middle Ages. Arab and Persian pharmacists developed essential oils
from the aromatic plants of the Indian peninsula. They developed the processes of distillation and
suspension in alcohol, which allowed for smaller amounts of raw materials to be used than in the ancient
process, by which flower petals were soaked in warm oil. This knowledge was carried back to European
monasteries during the Crusades.
At first, the use of fragrances was primarily associated with healing. Aromatic alcoholic waters were
ingested as well as used externally. Fragrances were used to purify the air, both for spiritual and health
purposes. During the Black Death, the bubonic plague was thought to have resulted from a bad odour
which could be averted by inhaling pleasant fragrances such as cinnamon. The Black Death led to an
aversion to using water for washing, and so perfume was commonly used as a cleaning agent.
Later on, the craft of perfume re-entered Europe, and was centred in Venice, chiefly because it was
an important trade route and a centre for glass-making. Having such materials at hand was essential for the
distillation process. In the late seventeenth century, trade soared in France, when Louis XIV brought in
policies of protectionism and patronage which stimulated the purchase of luxury goods. Here, perfumery
was the preserve of glove-makers. The link arose since the tanning of leather required putrid substances.
Consequently, the gloves were scented before they were sold and worn. A glove and perfume makers’ guild
had existed here since 1190. Entering it required 7 years of formal training under a master perfumer.
The trade in perfume flourished during the reign of Louis XV, as the master glove-and-perfume
makers, particularly those trading in Paris, received patronage from the royal court, where it is said that a
different perfume was used each week. The perfumers diversified into other cosmetics including soaps,
powders, white face paints and hair dyes. They were not the sole sellers of beauty products. Mercers,
spicers, vinegar-makers and wig-makers were all cashing in on the popularity of perfumed products. Even
simple shopkeepers were coming up with their own concoctions to sell.
During the eighteenth century, more modern, capitalist perfume industry began to emerge,
particularly in Britain where there was a flourishing consumer society. In France, the revolution initially
disrupted the perfume trade due to its association with aristocracy, however, it regained momentum later as a

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wider range of markets were sought both in the domestic and overseas markets. The guild system was
abolished in 1791, allowing new high-end perfumery shops to open in Paris.
Perfume became less associated with health in 1810 with a Napoleonic ordinance which required
perfumers to declare the ingredients of all products for internal consumption. Unwilling to divulge their
secrets, traders concentrated on products for external use. Napoleon affected the industry in other ways too.
With French ports blockaded by the British during the Napoleonic wars, the London perfumers were able to
dominate the markets for some time.
One of the significant changes in the nineteenth century was the idea of branding. Until then,
trademarks had had little significance in the perfumery where goods were consumed locally, although they
had a long history in other industries. One of the pioneers in this field was Rimmel who was nationalized as
a British citizen in 1857. He took advantage of the spread of railroads to reach customers in wider markets.
To do this, he built a brand which conveyed prestige and quality, and were worth paying a premium for. He
recognised the role of design in enhancing the value of his products, hiring a French lithographer to create
the labels for his perfume bottles.
Luxury fragrances were strongly associated with the affluent and prestigious cities of London and
Paris. Perfumers elsewhere tended to supply cheaper products and knock-offs of the London and Paris
brands. The United States perfume industry, which developed around the docks in New York where French
oils were being imported, began in this way. Many American firms were founded by immigrants, such as
William Colgate, who arrived in 1806. At this time, Colgate was chiefly known as a perfumery. Its
Cashmere Bouquet brand had 625 perfume varieties in the early 20th century.

86. The purpose of the text is to______

A. compare the perfumes from different countries
B. describe the history of perfume making
C. describe the problems faced by perfumers
D. explain the different uses of perfume over time

87. Which of the following is NOT true about perfume making in Islamic countries?
A. They created perfume by soaking flower petals in oil.
B. They dominated perfume making after the fall of the Roman Empire.
C. They took raw materials for their perfumes from India.
D. They created a technique which required fewer plant materials.

88. Why does the writer include this sentence in paragraph 2?

“During the Black Death, the bubonic plague was thought to have resulted from a bad odour which could
be averted by inhaling pleasant fragrances such as cinnamon”.
A. To explain why washing was not popular during the Black Death
B. To show how improper use of perfume caused widespread disease
C. To illustrate how perfumes used to be ingested to treat disease
D. To give an example of how fragrances were used for health purposes

89. Why did the perfume industry develop in Paris?

A. Because it was an important trade route
B. Because of the rise in the glove-making industry
C. Because of the introduction of new trade laws
D. Because of a new fashion in scented gloves
90. What does the word ‘putrid’ in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Bad-smelling B. Rare C. Prestigious D. Numerous
91. Which of the following people most influenced the decline of perfumes as medicine?
A. Louis XIV B. Louis XV C. Rimmel D. Napoleon
92. In paragraph 4, it is implied that______
A. Master glove and perfume makers created a new perfume each week.
B. Mercers, spicers and other traders began to call themselves masters.
C. The Royal Court only bought perfume from masters.

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D. Cosmetics were still only popular within the Royal Courts.
93. How did the French Revolution affect the Parisian perfume industry?
A. The industry declined then rose again.
B. The industry collapsed and took a long time to recover.
C. The industry was greatly boosted.
D. The industry lost most of its overseas customers.
94. London came to lead the perfume industry because______
A. the French Revolution meant that there were fewer customers in France.
B. Napoleon’s new laws affected the profitability of perfume-making.
C. the production of perfume ceased during the Napoleonic wars.
D. the French were unable to export perfumes for a period of time.
95. What is implied about the New York perfume industry?
A. It was the fastest-growing perfume industry in the world at that time.
B. It was primarily developed by immigrants arriving from France.
C. It copied luxury fragrances and sold them cheaply.
D. There was a wider range of fragrances available here than elsewhere.

Your answers:

86. ___________ 87. ___________ 88. ___________ 89. ___________ 90. ___________
91. ___________ 92. ___________ 93. ___________ 94. ___________ 95. ___________

Part 4. For questions 96-105, read the passage and do the following tasks. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes. (15 points)
PERSONALITY AND APPEARANCE
When Charles Darwin applied to be the “energetic young man” that Robert Fitzroy, the Beagle’s
captain, sought as his gentleman companion, he was almost let down by a woeful shortcoming that was as
plain as the nose on his face. Fitzroy believed in physiognomy—the idea that you can tell a person’s
character from their appearance. As Darwin’s daughter Henrietta later recalled, Fitzroy had “made up his
mind that no man with such a nose could have energy”. This was hardly the case. Fortunately, the rest of
Darwin’s visage compensated for his sluggardly proboscis: “His brow saved him.”
The idea that a person’s character can be glimpsed in their face dates back to the ancient Greeks. It
was most famously popularised in the late 18th century by the Swiss poet Johann Lavater, whose ideas
became a talking point in intellectual circles. In Darwin’s day, they were more or less taken as given. It was
only after the subject became associated with phrenology, which fell into disrepute in the late 19th century,
that physiognomy was written off as pseudoscience.
First impressions are highly influential, despite the well-worn admonition not to judge a book by its
cover. Within a tenth of a second of seeing an unfamiliar face we have already made a judgement about its
owner’s character—caring, trustworthy, aggressive, extrovert, competent and so on. Once that snap
judgement has formed, it is surprisingly hard to budge. People also act on these snap judgements. Politicians
with competent-looking faces have a greater chance of being elected, and CEOs who look dominant are
more likely to run a profitable company. There is also a well-established “attractiveness halo”. People seen
as good-looking not only get the most valentines but are also judged to be more outgoing, socially
competent, powerful, intelligent and healthy.
In 1966, psychologists at the University of Michigan asked 84 undergraduates who had never met
before to rate each other on five personality traits, based entirely on appearance, as they sat for 15 minutes in
silence. For three traits—extroversion, conscientiousness and openness—the observers’ rapid judgements
matched real personality scores significantly more often than chance. More recently, researchers have re-
examined the link between appearance and personality, notably Anthony Little of the University of Stirling
and David Perrett of the University of St Andrews, both in the UK. They pointed out that the Michigan
studies were not tightly controlled for confounding factors. But when Little and Perrett re-ran the experiment
using mugshots rather than live subjects, they also found a link between facial appearance and personality—

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though only for extroversion and conscientiousness. Little and Perrett claimed that they only found a
correlation at the extremes of personality.
Justin Carre and Cheryl McCormick of Brock University in Ontario, Canada studied 90 ice-hockey
players. They found that a wider face in which the cheekbone-to-cheekbone distance was unusually large
relative to the distance between brow and upper lip was linked in a statistically significant way with the
number of penalty minutes a player was given for violent acts including slashing, elbowing, checking from
behind and fighting. The kernel of truth idea isn’t the only explanation on offer for our readiness to make
facial judgements. Leslie Zebrowitz, a psychologist at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, says
that in many cases snap judgements are not accurate. The snap judgement, she says, is often an
“overgeneralisation” of a more fundamental response. A classic example of overgeneralisation can be seen
in predators’ response to eye spots, the conspicuous circular markings seen on some moths, butterflies and fish.
These act as a deterrent to predators because they mimic the eyes of other creatures that the potential predators
might see as a threat.
Another researcher who leans towards overgeneralisation is Alexander Todorov. With Princeton
colleague Nikolaas Oosterhof, he recently put forward a theory which he says explains our snap judgements
of faces in terms of how threatening they appear. Todorov and Oosterhof asked people for their gut reactions
to pictures of emotionally neutral faces, sifted through all the responses, and boiled them down to two
underlying factors: how trustworthy the face looks, and how dominant. Todorov and Oosterhof conclude
that personality judgements based on people’s faces are an overgeneralisation of our evolved ability to infer
emotions from facial expressions, and hence a person’s intention to cause us harm and their ability to carry it
out. Todorov, however, stresses that overgeneralisation does not rule out the idea that there is sometimes a
kernel of truth in these assessments of personality.
So if there is a kernel of truth, where does it come from? Perrett has a hunch that the link arises when
our prejudices about faces turn into self-fulfilling prophecies—an idea that was investigated by other
researchers back in 1977. Our expectations can lead us to influence people to behave in ways that confirm
those expectations: consistently treat someone as untrustworthy and they end up behaving that way. This
effect sometimes works the other way round, however, especially for those who look cute. The Nobel prize-
winning ethologist Konrad Lorenz once suggested that baby-faced features evoke a nurturing response.
Support for this has come from work by Zebrowitz, who has found that baby-faced boys and men stimulate
an emotional centre of the brain, the amygdala, in a similar way. But there’s a twist. Babyfaced men are, on
average, better educated, more assertive and apt to win more military medals than their mature-looking
counterparts. They are also more likely to be criminals; think Al Capone. Similarly, Zebrowitz found baby-
faced boys to be quarrelsome and hostile, and more likely to be academic highfliers. She calls this the “self-
defeating prophecy effect”: a man with a baby face strives to confound expectations and ends up
overcompensating.
There is another theory that recalls the old parental warning not to pull faces because they might
freeze that way. According to this theory, our personality moulds the way our faces look. It is supported by a
study two decades ago which found that angry old people tend to look cross even when asked to strike a
neutral expression. A lifetime of scowling, grumpiness and grimaces seemed to have left its mark.
For questions 96 – 100, decide whether the following statements are True (T), False (F) or Not Given
(NG). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.

96. Robert Fitzroy’s first impression of Darwin was accurate.

97. The precise rules of “physiognomy” have remained unchanged since the 18th century.
98. The first impression of a person can be modified later with little effort.
99. People who appear capable are more likely to be chosen to a position of power.
100. It is unfair for good-looking people to be better treated in society.

For questions 101-105, choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D.. Write your answers in corresponding
numbered boxes.
101. What’s true about Anthony Little and David Perrett’s experiment?
A. It is based on the belief that none of the conclusions in the Michigan experiment is accurate.
B. It supports parts of the conclusions in the Michigan experiment.
C. It replicates the study conditions in the Michigan experiment.

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D. It has a greater range of faces than in the Michigan experiment.
102. What can be concluded from Justin Carre and Cheryl McCormick’s experiment?
A. A wide-faced man may be more aggressive.
B. Aggressive men have a wide range of facial features.
C. There is no relation between facial features and an aggressive character.
D. It’s necessary for people to be aggressive in competitive games.
103. What’s exemplified by referring to butterfly marks?
A. Threats to safety are easy to notice.
B. Instinct does not necessarily lead to accurate judgment.
C. People should learn to distinguish between accountable and unaccountable judgments.
D. Different species have various ways to notice danger.
104. What is the aim of Alexander Todorov’s study?
A. to determine the correlation between facial features and social development
B. to undermine the belief that appearance is important
C. to learn the influence of facial features on judgments of a person’s personality
D. to study the role of judgments in a person’s relationship
105. Which of the following is the conclusion of Alexander Todorov’s study?
A. People should draw accurate judgments from overgeneralization.
B. Using appearance to determine a person’s character is undependable.
C. Overgeneralization can be misleading as a way to determine a person’s character.
D. The judgment of a person’s character based on appearance may be accurate.

Your answers:
96. ___________ 97. ___________ 98. ___________ 99. ___________ 100. __________
101. __________ 102. __________ 103. __________ 104. __________ 105.___________

SECTION 4: WRITING
Part 1: The pie charts show student racial demographics of a university in Sydney in 2010 and 2020. (20
points)
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.
Write at least 150 words.

Part 2: Write an essay of 250 words about this topic. (30 points)

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These days, many students or teenagers rely on AI-powered tools for study or work, which loses their
creativity and autonomy. To what extent, do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
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