Mcq research

1. What is the main purpose of a literature review?

A. To summarize key sources
B. To critically evaluate and place prior research in context
C. To report on primary studies
D. To demonstrate historical developments
Answer: B
2. Why is a literature review considered a "review" rather than a "report"?
A. Because it only summarizes existing literature
B. Because it involves critical evaluation of the material
C. Because it includes new primary data
D. Because it excludes synthesis of information
Answer: B
3. Which of the following is NOT a purpose of a literature review?
A. To locate your research within the context of existing literature
B. To resolve conflicts among previous studies
C. To collect new primary data for the topic
D. To identify gaps in the literature
Answer: C
4. What does an integrative review aim to do?
A. Support a specific argument or viewpoint
B. Examine literature throughout a historical timeline
C. Critique and synthesize representative literature to generate new perspectives
D. Focus on a specific empirical question using systematic methods
Answer: C

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5. Which type of literature review is most common in social sciences?
A. Argumentative review
B. Integrative review
C. Historical review
D. Systematic review
Answer: B
6. A systematic review is characterized by which of the following?
A. Examining research throughout a historical period
B. Critically appraising and summarizing existing evidence using pre-specified methods
C. Combining new and old interpretations of literature
D. Supporting or refuting an established argument
Answer: B
7. What does a theoretical literature review focus on?
A. The methods of analysis used by researchers
B. The history of a field or topic
C. The corpus of theories related to an issue
D. The synthesis of representative literature
Answer: C
8. Which of the following is true about the structure of a literature review?
A. It should only focus on summarizing sources
B. It must identify gaps in the literature
C. It does not require categorization of themes
D. It avoids analyzing the credibility of sources
Answer: B
9. What is meant by "provenance" in evaluating a source?
A. The origin and credibility of the author's arguments
B. The techniques used to gather data
C. The objectivity of the author's perspective
D. The persuasiveness of the author's thesis
Answer: A
10. What is one major objective of a historical literature review?
A. To analyze the relationship between primary and secondary sources
B. To identify ethical issues in research methods
C. To trace the evolution of a concept over time
D. To develop new hypotheses for emerging research problems
Answer: C
11. Which type of literature review focuses on how research was conducted?
A. Theoretical review
B. Methodological review
C. Argumentative review
D. Integrative review
Answer: B
12. What is a common feature of thematic literature reviews?
A. They are always chronological
B. They organize literature around specific topics or issues
C. They prioritize historical progression over themes
D. They exclude methodological perspectives
Answer: B
13. Which mistake should be avoided in a literature review?
A. Including contradictory findings
B. Ignoring primary research studies
C. Highlighting gaps in the literature
D. Citing recent sources
Answer: B
14. What does the "analysis and interpretation" stage of writing a literature review
involve?
A. Formulating the research problem
B. Organizing the literature by themes
C. Discussing findings and conclusions of relevant literature
D. Determining which literature is most relevant
Answer: C
15. What should you avoid when paraphrasing in a literature review?
A. Providing citations for paraphrased ideas
B. Misrepresenting the author’s original intent
C. Using your own voice to explain the concept
D. Summarizing instead of synthesizing
Answer: B
16. Which organizational strategy is most suitable for examining the impact of internet
media over time?
A. Methodological
B. Chronological
C. Thematic
D. Systematic
Answer: B
17. Why might you use a thematic approach to organize a literature review?
A. To analyze changes in methods over time
B. To focus on concepts or issues rather than chronology
C. To compare statistical results in meta-analyses
D. To review primary studies only
Answer: B
18. How can citation tracking help determine the scope of a literature review?
A. By identifying outdated sources
B. By finding scholars who have cited key sources
C. By verifying statistical results
D. By focusing on historical sources
Answer: B
19. What is the purpose of synthesizing information in a literature review?
A. To restate prior research verbatim
B. To create a library of sources
C. To reorganize information in relation to the research problem
D. To summarize sources without critical evaluation
Answer: C
20. What does "keeping your own voice" mean in a literature review?
A. Using extensive quotations
B. Paraphrasing the sources’ content
C. Highlighting your perspective alongside others' ideas
D. Citing every idea from the literature
Answer: C
21. Which is NOT a component of a good literature review structure?
A. An overview of the topic
B. Themes or categories of works
C. A detailed history of all sources cited
D. Conclusions about the most significant studies
Answer: C
22. Why is it important to narrow the topic in a literature review?
A. To include all possible sources
B. To reduce redundancy in findings
C. To limit the scope for easier research and review
D. To avoid mentioning conflicting viewpoints
Answer: C
23. What is the primary focus of an argumentative literature review?
A. Synthesizing representative literature
B. Tracing historical progression
C. Supporting or refuting a specific argument or assumption
D. Identifying ethical issues in research
Answer: C
24. How can one avoid bias in a literature review?
A. By excluding contrary findings
B. By uncritically accepting prior research
C. By evaluating all aspects of the research design
D. By using only secondary sources
Answer: C
25. Which section is often included in a literature review to provide context for the
study?
A. History
B. Questions for further research
C. Selection methods
D. Current situation
Answer: D
1. What is the group of individuals from which you collect data in research called?
a) Population
b) Sample
c) Sampling frame
d) Cluster
Answer: b) Sample
2. What is the term for the entire group a researcher wants to draw conclusions about?
a) Sample
b) Target group
c) Population
d) Frame
Answer: c) Population
3. Which type of sampling uses random selection to allow strong statistical inferences
about the population?
a) Non-probability sampling
b) Probability sampling
c) Convenience sampling
d) Purposive sampling
Answer: b) Probability sampling
4. What is the actual list of individuals that the sample will be drawn from?
a) Sampling frame
b) Target population
c) Sample
d) Subgroup
Answer: a) Sampling frame
5. Which of the following methods is easier and cheaper but prone to sampling bias?
a) Probability sampling
b) Non-probability sampling
c) Cluster sampling
d) Stratified sampling
Answer: b) Non -probability sampling
6. In which sampling method does every member of the population have an equal
chance of being selected?
a) Stratified sampling
b) Simple random sampling
c) Systematic sampling
d) Snowball sampling
Answer: b) Simple random sampling
7. What is the key difference between simple random sampling and systematic
sampling?
a) Systematic sampling selects individuals based on intervals.
b) Systematic sampling uses strata.
c) Simple random sampling selects groups, not individuals.
d) Simple random sampling is less random than systematic.
Answer: a) Systematic sampling selects individuals based on intervals.
8. In stratified sampling, what are the subgroups called?
a) Clusters
b) Strata
c) Frames
d) Intervals
Answer: b) Strata
9. Which sampling method involves randomly selecting entire subgroups?
a) Simple random sampling
b) Stratified sampling
c) Cluster sampling
d) Purposive sampling
Answer: c) Cluster sampling
10. Which sampling method is suitable for large, dispersed populations?
a) Snowball sampling
b) Cluster sampling
c) Systematic sampling
d) Quota sampling
Answer: b) Cluster sampling
11. Which method selects individuals who are most accessible to the researcher?
a) Voluntary response sampling
b) Convenience sampling
c) Quota sampling
d) Purposive sampling
Answer: b) Convenience sampling
12. What is a major limitation of voluntary response sampling?
a) It is time-consuming.
b) It leads to self-selection bias.
c) It is expensive.
d) It excludes subgroups.
Answer: b) It leads to self-selection bias.
13. Which sampling method involves selecting participants based on the researcher’s
expertise?
a) Convenience sampling
b) Snowball sampling
c) Purposive sampling
d) Quota sampling
Answer: c) Purposive sampling
14. In which sampling method do participants help recruit other participants?
a) Convenience sampling
b) Snowball sampling
c) Stratified sampling
d) Cluster sampling
Answer: b) Snowball sampling
15. Quota sampling divides the population into subgroups based on what?
a) Accessibility
b) Random selection
c) Specific characteristics
d) Geographic location
Answer: c) Specific characteristics
16. If you randomly assign numbers to employees and select them using a random
number generator, which method are you using?
a) Systematic sampling
b) Stratified sampling
c) Simple random sampling
d) Quota sampling
Answer: c) Simple random sampling
17. If you select every 10th person from a list, which sampling method are you using?
a) Systematic sampling
b) Convenience sampling
c) Snowball sampling
d) Cluster sampling
Answer: a) Systematic sampling
18. Which method ensures subgroups (e.g., gender or age) are proportionately
represented in the sample?
a) Cluster sampling
b) Purposive sampling
c) Stratified sampling
d) Voluntary response sampling
Answer: c) Stratified sampling
19. Dividing a company’s employees into departments and randomly selecting entire
departments is an example of:
a) Stratified sampling
b) Cluster sampling
c) Quota sampling
d) Convenience sampling
Answer: b) Cluster sampling
20. Asking students from your own classes to complete a survey is an example of:
a) Purposive sampling
b) Convenience sampling
c) Stratified sampling
d) Quota sampling
Answer: b) Convenience sampling
21. What type of bias occurs when certain members of the population are less likely to
be included?
a) Selection bias
b) Sampling bias
c) Self-selection bias
d) Response bias
Answer: b) Sampling bias
22. Which method is most at risk of self-selection bias?
a) Snowball sampling
b) Stratified sampling
c) Voluntary response sampling
d) Quota sampling
Answer: c) Voluntary response sampling
23. What is the primary limitation of snowball sampling?
a) It is expensive.
b) It is not random.
c) It excludes subgroups.
d) It relies on large populations.
Answer: b) It is not random.
24. Why is convenience sampling not representative of the entire population?
a) It is too random.
b) It selects participants based on accessibility.
c) It excludes subgroups on purpose.
d) It uses too many clusters.
Answer: b) It selects participants based on accessibility.
25. Which type of sampling is often used for exploratory research?
a) Probability sampling
b) Non-probability sampling
c) Stratified sampling
d) Systematic sampling
Answer: b) Non-probability sampling
1. What does qualitative research focus on?
A) Numbers
B) Emotions
C) Experiences
D) Calculations
Answer: C
2. What is the goal of grounded theory?
A) Test theories
B) Create theories
C) Compare cultures
D) Collect numbers
Answer: B
3. What does ethnography study?
A) Numbers
B) Past events
C) Cultures
D) Statistics
Answer: C
4. What does historical research focus on?
A) Future trends
B) Past events
C) Natural settings
D) Interviews
Answer: B
5. What is the purpose of narrative inquiry?
A) Collect numbers
B) Study life stories
C) Study cultures
D) Analyze theories
Answer: B
6. Action research involves:
A) Social change
B) Testing data
C) Natural experiments
D) Studying individuals
Answer: A
7. Case study research examines:
A) Small populations
B) Large groups
C) Individuals or groups
D) Numbers only
Answer: C
8. What is field research?
A) Research in labs
B) Research in natural settings
C) Theoretical analysis
D) Historical data collection
Answer: B
9. Phenomenology studies:
A) How people feel
B) Cultural practices
C) Historical changes
D) Natural experiments
Answer: A
10. Grounded theory involves:
A) Random sampling
B) Statistical analysis
C) Theoretical sampling
D) Historical studies
Answer: C
11. Ethnography requires:
A) Immersion in cultures
B) Historical research
C) Number-based analysis
D) Testing theories
Answer: A
12. Historical research uses:
A) Surveys
B) Past sources
C) Random trials
D) Case studies
Answer: B
13. Narrative inquiry focuses on:
A) Numbers
B) Data collection
C) Personal stories
D) Cultural analysis
Answer: C
14. Action research emphasizes:
A) Collaboration
B) Individual theories
C) Historical events
D) Quantitative analysis
Answer: A
15. Case studies are based on:
A) Broad populations
B) Statistical data
C) Specific cases
D) Theoretical sampling
Answer: C
16. Field research involves:
A) Observations
B) Experiments in labs
C) Numbers and graphs
D) Testing random theories
Answer: A
17. Phenomenology explores:
A) Theoretical patterns
B) How people experience events
C) Numerical trends
D) Cultural behaviors
Answer: B
18. Grounded theory aims to:
A) Explain past events
B) Build new theories
C) Collect cultural data
D) Test hypotheses
Answer: B
19. Ethnography focuses on:
A) Statistical models
B) Experiments
C) Cultural immersion
D) Past sources
Answer: C
20. Historical research looks at:
A) Current trends
B) Future predictions
C) Events of the past
D) Numerical analysis
Answer: C
21. Narrative inquiry uses:
A) Life stories
B) Statistical data
C) Random sampling
D) Theoretical models
Answer: A
22. Action research promotes:
A) Social empowerment
B) Statistical testing
C) Individual growth
D) Historical trends
Answer: A
23. Case studies focus on:
A) Large groups
B) Statistical theories
C) In-depth understanding
D) Random experiments
Answer: C
24. Field research occurs in:
A) Laboratories
B) Natural settings
C) Data centers
D) Theoretical models
Answer: B
25. Phenomenology asks about:
A) Feelings and experiences
B) Cultural immersion
C) Future predictions
D) Statistical accuracy
Answer: A
26. Grounded theory is used to:
A) Test models
B) Create models
C) Examine history
D) Analyze cultures
Answer: B
27. Ethnography involves:
A) Observing cultures
B) Conducting interviews
C) Historical research
D) Testing theories
Answer: A
28. Historical research investigates:
A) Past events
B) Current practices
C) Life stories
D) Cultural trends
Answer: A
29. Action research leads to:
A) Statistical outcomes
B) Social change
C) Individual behavior analysis
D) Random sampling
Answer: B
30. Case studies provide:
A) Detailed insights
B) Numerical analysis
C) Statistical summaries
D) Large-scale data
Answer: A

1. What type of data is used in quantitative research?

a) Textual data
b) Numerical data
c) Audio data
d) Visual data
Answer: b) Numerical data
2. Which of the following is NOT a use of quantitative research?
a) Surveys
b) Census information
c) Statistical analysis
d) Personal opinions
Answer: d) Personal opinions
3. What is a key advantage of quantitative research?
a) Reliable data
b) Biased results
c) Complex interpretation
d) Slow data collection
Answer: a) Reliable data
4. Which of these is an example of primary quantitative research?
a) Statistical results
b) Personal opinions
c) Artistic reviews
d) Unstructured interviews
Answer: a) Statistical results
5. What does quantitative research eliminate?
a) Surveys
b) Bias
c) Variables
d) Case studies
Answer: b) Bias
6. What is a limitation of quantitative research?
a) Objective results
b) Superficial representation
c) Fast data collection
d) Statistical tools
Answer: b) Superficial representation
7. Which method helps identify "why" questions?
a) Qualitative research
b) Quantitative research
c) Surveys
d) Observations
Answer: a) Qualitative research
8. What is the main goal of descriptive research?
a) Manipulate variables
b) Understand the current status
c) Change behaviors
d) Conduct experiments
Answer: b) Understand the current status
9. Which method is commonly used in descriptive research?
a) Interviews
b) Surveys
c) Experiments
d) Observational studies
Answer: b) Surveys
10. What type of research examines relationships between variables?
a) Descriptive research
b) Correlational research
c) Experimental research
d) Case study research
Answer: b) Correlational research
11. What is a common tool used in correlational research?
a) Surveys
b) Journals
c) Focus groups
d) Ethnography
Answer: a) Survey
12. What is the goal of correlational research?
a) Find cause-effect relationships
b) Identify relationships between variables
c) Compare opinions
d) Explain behaviors
Answer: b) Identify relationships between variables
13. What does causal-comparative research focus on?
a) Cause and effect relationships
b) Opinions and attitudes
c) Cultural differences
d) Market analysis
Answer: a) Cause and effect relationships
14. Which type of experiment involves groups assigned by nature?
a) True experimental
b) Quasi-experimental
c) Pre-experimental
d) Natural experiment
Answer: d) Natural experiment
15. What is the main goal of experimental research?
a) Identify current trends
b) Test hypotheses
c) Describe variables
d) Compare cultures
Answer: b) Test hypotheses
16. What is NOT a type of experimental research?
a) Pre-experimental
b) True experimental
c) Observational experiment
d) Quasi-experimental
Answer: c) Observational experiment
17. Which research method uses the scientific method?
a) Experimental research
b) Correlational research
c) Descriptive research
d) Case study research
Answer: a) Experimental research
18. What is a characteristic of true experimental research?
a) Random sampling
b) Fixed variables
c) No statistical analysis
d) Qualitative data
Answer: a) Random sampling
19. What is an advantage of descriptive research?
a) Explains relationships
b) Describes current status
c) Identifies biases
d) Tests hypotheses
Answer: b) Describes current status
20. What type of research uses demographic surveys?
a) Experimental research
b) Descriptive research
c) Correlational research
d) Quasi-experimental research
Answer: b) Descriptive research
21. Which is an advantage of quantitative research?
a) Reliable data
b) Subjective opinions
c) Complex methods
d) Time-consuming
Answer: a) Reliable data
22. What is a disadvantage of quantitative research?
a) Complex interpretation
b) Eliminates bias
c) Easy analysis
d) Quick results
Answer: a) Complex interpretation
23. What does quantitative research provide a wider scope for?
a) Emotional analysis
b) Statistical analysis
c) Literature review
d) Cultural understanding
Answer: b) Statistical analysis
24. What makes data unreliable in quantitative research?
a) Missing data
b) Objective questions
c) Statistical tools
d) Structured surveys
Answer: a) Missing data
25. What is required for statistical analysis in quantitative research?
a) Experience or tools
b) Biases
c) Random data
d) Hypotheses
Answer: a) Experience or tools
26. Which is an example of descriptive research?
a) Demographic surveys in New York
b) Studying afterschool programs
c) Measuring advertisement performance
d) Finding relationships between variables
Answer: a) Demographic surveys in New York
27. What is an example of correlational research?
a) Finding links between Facebook shares and Google ranking
b) Testing two advertisements
c) Comparing grades in two schools
d) Measuring product satisfaction
Answer: a) Finding links between Facebook shares and Google ranking
28. What is an example of causal-comparative research?
a) Comparing grades of students with and without afterschool programs
b) Measuring survey responses in a region
c) Testing marketing strategies
d) Observing natural behavior
Answer: a) Comparing grades of students with and without afterschool programs
29. Which is an example of experimental research?
a) Testing two advertisement versions for effectiveness
b) Conducting a demographic survey
c) Observing classroom behavior
d) Analyzing secondary data
Answer: a) Testing two advertisement versions for effectiveness
30. What does descriptive research NOT involve?
a) Manipulating variables
b) Measuring current status
c) Observing patterns
d) Collecting survey data
Answer: a) Manipulating variables