WEEK 6 Topic: Orthographic Projection

Learning Competency: Interpret Working Plans and Sketches

Learning Outcome 6: Identify Assembly and Detailed Drawing
6.1 Orthographic and pictorial are interpreted according to drawing standards
Code: TLE_ICTTD7/8MC-0i-2

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. identify the theories and principles of orthographic projection;
2. draw an object with its six principal views; and
3. appreciate the importance of orthographic projection in making plans and
drawings.

Directions: Read and analyze the following questions carefully. Write only the letter of the
correct answer before the number.

______1. What view shows the object’s depth and height dimensions?
A. bottom B. rear C. right-side D. top
______2. What view shows the width and depth dimensions of an object?
A. bottom B. rear C. right-side D. top
______3. What are the three planes of projections used in orthographic drawing?
A. frontal, top, and horizontal C. horizontal, frontal, and vertical
B. horizontal, frontal, and profile D. horizontal, profile, and vertical
______4. Which drawing shows more than one view of an object?
A. freehand drawing C. orthographic projection
B. multi-view drawing D. orthographic view
______5. What drawing refers to a system for graphical representation of an object on a flat
surface?
A. freehand drawing C. orthographic projection
B. multi-view drawing D. orthographic view

Directions: Identify the following alphabet of lines. Write your answer on the space provided.

29
 Mechanical drawing describe the shapes of objects completely and exactly by the use of
orthographic views. Many different types of projections are used in the presentation of technical
drawings. Orthographic projection is a means of representing three-dimensional objects in two
dimensions. Orthographic projection is the representation most commonly used by engineers.
Orthogonal views provide a means for describing the exact size and shape of an object.

Orthographic views are especially helpful for detailing the product/structure designs for
manufacturing and construction. Since orthographic drawings show multiple viewpoints, they
are helpful to make sure that a product or object can be accurately created in accordance with
an engineer's requirements. (https://tinyurl.com/d43yufvz)

PRINCIPLES OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

Principle Definition Example

A drawing that shows more than

Multi-view drawing
one view of an object.

A system for flat graphical

representation
Orthographic of the principal views of an
Projection object.

A drawing that shows the three

regular views of an object
Orthographic View
viewed directly from
a 90-degree angle.

Six (6) Principal Views of an Object

1. Front view shows the width and height dimensions of an object.
2. Left-side shows the depth and height dimensions of an object.
3. Right-side view is the standard side view used and it also shows the
depth and height dimensions.
4. Top view shows the object’s width and depth dimensions.
5. Rear view shows the back or posterior part of the object or figure.

30
6. Bottom view shows the base part of the object or figure.

https://images.app.goo.gl/VpJbfml2eMNdNHmh8

Planes of Projection
The three planes of projection used in orthographic drawing are horizontal, frontal, and
profile plane.
The planes of projection join and form quadrants. These quadrants are called first angle,
second angle, third angle, and fourth angle. The first and the third quadrants are used for
drafting purposes.

Overall Size of the Object

1. Depth is the perpendicular distance between two frontal planes.

2. Height is the perpendicular distance between two horizontal planes.
3. Width is the perpendicular distance between two profile planes.

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Example of an Orthographic Projection

http://www.iitg.ac.in/rkbc/ME111/Lecture5%20Orthographic%20proj%20and%20proj%20of%20lines.pdf

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct word/s to make the statement complete. Choose
the correct answer from the word bank below.

multi-views projection right-side

orthographic quadrants second plane

1. Orthographic drawings are also known as ____________.

2. The most commonly used views are top, front, and ____________.

32
 3. In the planes of projection, the four (4) planes are called ____________.
4. Orthographic _______ is the best way to represent 3D object by using several 2D
views.
5. Mechanical drawing describe the shapes of objects completely and exactly
through the use of ____________ views.

DIRECTIONS: Trace the figure by connecting the dots and label it with its six (6) principal
views.

I. Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if not then change the
underlined word to make the statement correct. Write your answer before the
number.

__________1. The planes of projection join and form quadrants.

__________2. Orthographic view shows more than one view of an object.
__________3. Depth is the perpendicular distance between two profile planes.
__________4. A drawing shows a side of an object viewed directly from 90 degrees.
__________5. Front view shows the width and height dimensions of an object.

II. Directions: Draw the six principal views of the object below. Use a separate sheet of paper.
(2 points each)

33
 Dimension: 4centimeter x 4centimeter

https://tinyurl.com/4ducjjwf

References
Bermas, Dante B. and Mirasol F. Dasig. Mechanical Drawing NC I - K to 12 Basic Education
Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module: Department of Education.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographic_projectionhttps://images.app.goo.gl/
aqDPwBf39TpZrqhr5 https://tinyurl.com/4ducjjwf
https://images.app.goo.gl/7JXhqz5YH5Pbbq2i8
https://images.app.goo.gl/KS9953cQpEen4wodA
https://images.app.goo.gl/VpJbfmL2eMNdNHmh8
https://images.app.goo.gl/ea9RXT95S8BepU3m6
https://g.co/kgs/QYxukZ

WEEK 7 Topic: Pictorial Drawing

Learning Competency: Interpret Working Plans and Sketches

Learning Outcome 7: Prepare and Interpret Technical Drawing
7.1 Orthographic and pictorial are interpreted according to drawing standards
Code: TLE_ICTTD7/8MC-0i-2

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. identify the types of pictorial drawing;
2. illustrate the different types of pictorial drawing; and
3. adopt the skills in creating pictorial drawing following the job requirements

34
Directions: Read and analyze each statement. Select your best answer by writing the letter of
your choice on the space provided.

___1. It is also called as the angular perspective drawing.

A. one-point perspective C. three-point perspective
B. two-point perspective D. none of the above
___2. How many vanishing points are there in oblique perspective?
A. one B. two C. three D. four
___3. In this type of oblique drawing, the depth axis line is drawn in one-half scale.
A. Cabinet B. cavalier C. general D. isometric
___4. This kind of drawing shows the likeness of an object as viewed by the observer.
A. creative B. geometric C. line D. pictorial
___5. This type of perspective drawing shows the front view that is drawn in its full shape.
A. angular B. isometric C. oblique D. parallel
___6. A pictorial drawing showing the three surfaces of the object tilted 30 degrees in front of
the observer is called _____.
A. cavalier B. dimetric C. isometric D. trimetric
___7. A rectangular prism is drawn in which the depth axis lines are in full scale. What type of
oblique drawing is being used?
A. cabinet B. cavalier C. general D. isometric
___8. A cube is drawn in which the depth axis varies from one-half to full size. What type of
oblique drawing is being used?
A. cabinet B. cavalier C. general D. isometric
___9. A kind of technical drawing that shows a 3-dimensional cube with one side of the cube
smaller in proportion to the other two sides.
A. cavalier B. dimetric C. isometric D. trimetric
___10. It is a type of axonometric pictorial drawing where in a cube is positioned in the way
that no axes and angles are equal when projected to the plane projection.
A. cavalier B. dimetric C. isometric D. trimetric

QUESTION: What are the six (6) faces of an object?

1. ______________ 3. ______________ 5. ______________
2.. ______________ 4. ______________ 6. ______________

Mechanical drawing is describe the shapes of objects completely and exactly using
orthographic views. Although there are six principal views that can be drawn in an object (top,
front, right-side, left-side, rear, and bottom), only the three regular views are normally required in
the preparation of a working plan.

35
 Pictorial drawing is the oldest written method of communication. It shows objects three-
dimensionally and can be viewed and understood by individuals with no background in
engineering or architectural design.
This lesson will expose you to the basics of what the engineers, architects, draftsmen,
and product developers usually draw.

Pictorial drawing shows likeness of an object in terms of its shape as viewed by the
observer. It represents a portion of the object and shows the method of its construction.
Axonometric, Oblique and Perspective are the types of pictorial drawing.

Axonometric pictorial drawing includes isometric, dimetric and trimetric. Oblique

pictorial drawing includes cavalier, cabinet and general oblique. Perspective pictorial drawing
includes parallel, angular and oblique.

Types of Pictorial Drawing

A. Axonometric Pictorial Drawing

1. Isometric drawing is a pictorial drawing showing the three surfaces of the object and
tilted 30 degrees in front of the observer.
2. Dimetric drawing shows a 3-dimensional cube with one side of the cube smaller in
proportion to the other two sides. This type is not widely used.
3. Trimetric drawing is an axonometric projection where in a cube is positioned in the way
that no axes and angles are equal when projected to the plane projection.

B. Oblique Pictorial Drawing

1. Cavalier drawing is an oblique drawing in which the depth axis lines are full scale or in
full size.
2. Cabinet oblique. The depth axis lines are drawn one-half scale
3. General oblique. The depth axis lines vary from one-half to full size.

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C. Perspective Pictorial Drawing
1. One-point or Parallel perspective – a perspective drawing using one vanishing point, the
front view is drawn in its true shape in full or scale size.

2. Two-point or Angular perspective – a perspective drawing using two vanishing points.

3. Three-point or Oblique perspective – a perspective drawing using three vanishing points.

37
SPOT THE NOT
Directions: Encircle five boxes that are drawn differently from the others.

38
Directions: Identify the types of pictorial drawing.

Oblique Pictorial Drawing

Directions: Read each statement carefully and write the letter of the correct answer.

____1. It is also called angular perspective drawing.

A. one-point B. two-point C. three-point D. five-point
____2. In this type of oblique drawing, the depth axis line is drawn in full scale.
A. cabinet B. cavalier C. isometric D. general
____3. It represents a portion of the object and shows the method of its construction.
A. cavalier drawing C. isometric drawing
B. detailed drawing D. pictorial drawing
____4. This kind of drawing shows the likeness of an object as viewed by the observer.
A. creative B. geometric C. line D. pictorial
____5. This type of perspective drawing shows the front view that is drawn in its full shape.
A. angular B. isometric C. oblique D. parallel
____6. It is a type of axonometric pictorial drawing where in a cube is positioned in
the way that no axes and angles are equal when projected to the plane
projection.

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 A. cavalier B. dimetric C. isometric D. trimetric
____7. What kind of pictorial drawing is used when the three surfaces of the object
tilted 30 degrees in front of the observer?
A. cavalier B. dimetric C. isometric D. trimetric
____8. The angle used for the horizontal planes of this kind of drawing varies
according to the angle of view that has been chosen.
A. cavalier B. dimetric C. isometric D. trimetric
____9. A triangular prism is drawn in which the depth axis line is drawn in one-half
scale. What type of oblique drawing is being used?
A. cabinet B. cavalier C. general D. isometric
____10. This kind of drawing shows the likeness of an object as viewed by the
observer.
A. creative B. geometric C. line D. pictorial

REFERENCES:
Bermas, Dante B and Mirasol F. Dasig. K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and
Livelihood Education Learning Module MECHANICAL DRAFTING Grades 7 & 8 Republic of the
Philippines Department of Education,95-98.

WEEK 8 Topic: Scaling and Dimensioning

Learning Competency : Interpret Working Plans and Sketches

Learning Outcome 7 : Prepare and Interpret Technical Drawing
7.1 Orthographic and pictorial are interpreted according to drawing standards
Code: TLE_ICTTD7/8MC-0i-2

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. determine the appropriate scale to ensure an object is proportionally drawn;
2. incorporate dimensioning rules and standards; and
3. value the importance of rules in dimensioning.

Directions: Read each item carefully and encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. This dimension represents the total width, height, and depth of an object.
A Detail B. Location C. Overall D. Size
2. A kind of dimension which gives the detail and overall size of the object.
A. Exact B. Location C. Size D. Total
3. This refers to the dimensions of composition and relationships between height, width, and
depth.
A. Dimensioning B. Proportion C. Scaling D. Technical Drawing
4. Each of these scales aids the drafter in reducing an object on a drawing in a different
proportion.
A. Enlarged scale B. Proportion scale C. Reduced scale D. Size dimension

40
5. It is a drawing method used to enlarge or reduce a drawing in size while keeping the
proportions of the drawing the same.
A. Dimensioning B. Instrumentation C. Projection D. Scaling

Directions: Supply the box with examples for each type of pictorial drawing.

Axonometric Drawing Oblique Drawing Perspective Drawing

1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3.

Scaling is a drawing method used to enlarge or reduce a drawing in size while keeping
the proportions of the drawing the same. Scales are generally expressed as ratios and the most
common scales used in furniture drawing are 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, and 1:10 for reducing and possibly
2:1 for enlarging. Scaling is used to either reduce the drawing in size so that it will fit onto the
page, or enlarge the drawing in size so that all required details are clearly visible. Drawings can
be scaled up or down using either a calculator or a scale ruler. Tools used for scaling an object
are Proportion Scale or Scale Rule and a Calculator. Proportion Scale/Scale Rule measures the
distances for drawings and allow us to directly set out measurements onto a drawing without
having to convert them to their scaled sizes by using a calculator.

On the other hand, a dimension is a numerical value expressed in appropriate units of

measurement to define the size, location, orientation, form or other geometric characteristics of
a part/object. Dimensioning is the process of specifying parts information of an object by using
lines, numbers, symbols, and notes. Size dimension gives the detail and overall size of the
object while location dimension merely locates part or parts and features of the object.

Commonly used scale

1. Full-size Scale has a ratio of 1:1. This means that 1 mm on the drawing represents 1
mm of the actual object. The views on the drawing paper are the same size as those of
the actual object.

41
 2. Reduced Scale (Scaled-down) has a ratio of 1:2. This means that 1 mm on the drawing
represents 2 mm on the actual object. The views of the actual object are twice the size
of the views on the drawing paper.

3. Enlarged Scale (Scaled-up)

 Scale 2:1 - This means that every 2 mm on the drawing represents 1 mm on the
actual object. The views on the drawing paper are twice the size of those of the
actual object.
 Scale 5:1 - This means that every 5 mm on the drawing represents 1mm on the
actual object. The views on the drawing paper are five times larger than those of
the actual object.

Example 1: Scaling down

1. A 50mm line is to be drawn at a scale of 1:5 (5 times less than its original size). The
measurement 50mm is divided by 5 to give 10mm. A 10mm line is drawn.
2. A 50mm line is to be drawn at a scale of 1:2. The measurement 50mm is divided by
2 to give 25mm. A 25mm line is drawn.

Example 2: Scaling up

1. A 50mm line is to be drawn at a scale of 5:1 (5 times more than its original size). The
measurement 50mm is multiplied by 5 to give 250mm. A 250mm line is drawn.
2. A 50mm line is to be drawn at a scale of 2:1. The measurement 50mm is multiplied
by 2 to give 100mm. A 100mm line is drawn.

Kinds of Dimensions
1. Over-all dimension indicates the over-all width, height, and depth of an object. In the figure
below, the top view and the right-side view has an over-all dimension.
2. Detail dimensions indicates size or location information concerning any feature or details of
an object other than its over-all dimension. In the figure below, the front view shows detailed
dimensions.

42
Rules in Dimensioning
1. Dimensions should be placed between the views.
2. Avoid repetition of dimensions.
3. Use outside dimension if the space is limited, and use an inside dimension if there is enough
space.
4. Continuous dimensions should be used whenever possible.
5. Staggered dimensioning should be used when the space for dimensioning is limited.
6. When dimensioning a circle, it should be from center to center.
7. Dimensions are entered in millimeters without measures.
8. Extension lines must have a distance of about 10 mm from the object edge and an
approximate 2 millimeters after the dimension lines.

Methods used in Dimensioning

1. Unidirectional – dimensions are placed so that they can be read from the bottom of the
drawing sheet. This method is commonly used in mechanical drawing.
2. Aligned – dimensions are placed so that the horizontal dimensions can be read from the
bottom of the drawing sheet and the vertical dimensions can be read from the right side of
the drawing sheet. This method is commonly used in architectural and structural drafting.

43
 UNIDIRECTIONAL ALIGNED

Directions: Identify if the ratio given below shows an enlarged scale, full scale, or reduced
scale.
Write your answer on the space provided.

1. 3:1 6. 50:1
2. 10:1 7. 1:75
3. 1:15 8. 100:1
4. 1:1 9. 1:200
5. 1: 20 10. 500:1

DRAWING PRACTICE:

Tools and materials:

1. Drawing paper or a short bond paper
2. Pencil
3. Triangle
4. Ruler
5. Eraser

Procedure:
1. Study the given object.
2. Draw the regular views of the object and provide the needed dimensions.

Note: All measurements are expressed in millimeters.

44
RUBRIC:

Criteria 15 10 5
Drawing has three Drawing has three Incomplete orthographic
orthographic views orthographic views but some views and a lot of
Accuracy
with complete and important dimensions are missing dimensions.
accurate dimensions. missing.
Drawing has minimal
Neatness Drawing is very clean Drawing needs revision.
smudges.

Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and False if otherwise. Write your answer
before
the number.

___1. Dimensions should not be placed between the views.

___2. Aligned dimensioning is commonly used in mechanical drawing.
___3. Scaling is a drawing method used to enlarge or reduce the size of a drawing.
___4. Overall dimensions indicates size or location information concerning any feature or
detailsof an object other than its over-all dimension.
___5. Staggered dimensioning should be used when the space for dimensioning is limited.
Full-size scale has a ratio of 1:5. This means that in every 1mm on the drawing
represents
1mm of the actual object.

REFERENCES:
https://tinyurl.com/fzax99nj
https://tinyurl.com/fx32767y
https://tinyurl.com/9scv4wjz
https://civilseek.com/dimensioning/
https://images.app.goo.gl/pAjubkWVZj7jj22z9
http://www.design-technology.info/IndProd/page9.htm
https://sciencing.com/list-7612075-scales-used-technical-drawings.html
https://www.firstinarchitecture.co.uk/understanding-scales-and-scale-drawings/
https://www.slideshare.net/mokhtarpadeli/engineering-drawing-chapter-07-dimensioning

45
 WEEK 9 Topic: Clean and Store Measuring Instruments

Learning Competency: Perform Basic Mensuration and Calculation

Learning Outcome 9: Clean and store measuring instruments
9.1 Measuring instruments are cleaned in accordance with established
standards.
9.2. Measuring instruments are stored in accordance with established
standards.
Code: TLE_ICTTD7/8MT-0b-1

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. identify the proper ways in cleaning drafting tools;
2. clean and store the drafting instruments in accordance with established
standards; and
3. appreciate the importance and benefits of having a clean measuring instruments
used in drafting.

Directions: Read each item carefully and write only the letter of the best answer.

___1. Do not misuse any piece of _____ instruments.

A. coloring B. drawing C. painting D. writing
___2. Avoid throwing a tool to anybody; instead, _____ it over to him carefully.
A. drop B. hand C. point D. toss
___3. Report defective drawing tools and instrument to your _____ immediately.
A. colleague B. chaperon C. teacher D. student
___4. Do not pull the steel tape too much to avoid _____.
A. adjustment B. change C. damage D. modification
___5. After using a tool, clean it thoroughly with a _____ cloth. Wipe it dry with another
piece of cloth before keeping it.
A. damp B. dry C. soft D. wet
___6. Oil the movable parts of the _____ tools such as zigzag rules, calipers, dividers, and
compasses to avoid stock-up.
A. coloring B. cutting C. drawing D. measuring

___7. When not in use, the _____ is preferably hung by inserting the hole at the end of its
blade to a nail on the wall.
A. compass C. triangles
B. pencils D. T-square
___8. Be sure to _____ tools before using them. This is to check if they are in working
condition. This can be detected when there is ease and speed when in use.
A. hold C. view
B. inspect D. move

46
___9. Avoid unnecessary sliding of T-square or triangles to protect the drawing. Pick up the
triangle by its tip and tilt the T-square blade _____ slightly before moving.
A. backward C. sideward
B. downward D. upward
___10. Avoid setting off the distances individually by moving the scale to a new position from
time to time, because slight errors in the measurements may accumulate and give rise to
_____ error.
A. large C. slight
B. medium D. small

Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and False if otherwise. Write your answer
before
the number.

___1. The ratio 1:2 is an example of reduced scale.

___2. Continuous dimensions should be used whenever possible.
___3. Multidirectional dimensions are commonly used in mechanical drafting.
___4. Dimensioning is the process of specifying parts information of an object by using lines,
numbers, and symbols.
___5. Downscaling is a drawing method used to enlarge or reduce a drawing in size while
keeping
the proportions of the drawing the same.

It is better to own a few good tools than a number of poor ones. In acquiring tools, be
guided by quality and durability. Quality tools are known by their popular trademarks. But also
consider that the life of any drawing or measuring tools will depend on how well you take care of
them.
Organizing and storing these items have a great deal to do with keeping them in tiptop
shape and good working condition. You can assure that your tools will last long if you patiently
and religiously take care of them. Good workmanship is associated with the use of quality hand
tools. Maintaining effective use of drafting tools in the production of quality projects is the
concern of every craftsman.

Clean and Store Drafting Measuring Tools

1. Be sure to inspect drawing tools before using them to ensure that they are in good
working condition. This can be detected when there is ease and speed when in use.
2. After using a tool, clean it thoroughly with a damp cloth. Wipe it dry with another piece of
cloth before keeping it.

47
3. When NOT in use, the T-square is preferably hanged by inserting the hole to a nail at the
end of its blade.
4. Do NOT abuse or misuse any piece of drawing instruments.
5. Avoid throwing a tool to anybody; instead, hand it over carefully.
6. Avoid setting off the distances individually by moving the scale to a new position from
time to time, because slight errors in the measurements may accumulate and give rise to
a large error.
7. Avoid unnecessary sliding of T-square or triangles to protect the drawing. Pick up the
triangle by its tip and tilt the T-square blade upward slightly before moving.
8. Do NOT pull too much the steel tape of pull-push rule to the coil spring to avoid damage.
9. Oil the movable parts of the measuring tools such as zigzag rules, calipers, dividers, and
compasses to avoid stock-up.
10. Report defective measuring tools and any hazard to your teacher immediately.

Directions: Draw the heart react if the statement is correct and sad react if otherwise.

_____1. Inspect the tools before using them.

_____2. Pull the steel tape too much to the coil spring.
_____3. Do not abuse or misuse your drawing instruments.
_____4. After using a tool, clean it thoroughly with a dry cloth.
_____5. Avoid unnecessary sliding of T-square or triangles to protect the drawing.
_____6. Report defective measuring tools and any hazard to teacher immediately.
_____7. You can set off the distances individually by moving the scale to a new
position from time to time.
_____8. If you are going to hand/lend the tool to a person, you can throw it to anybody
and let them catch it.
_____9. When not in use, the T-square is preferably hung by inserting the hole to a
nail at the end of its blade.
_____10. Oil the movable parts of the measuring tools such as zigzag rules, calipers,
dividers, and compasses to avoid stock-up.

Directions: Write your thoughts about the importance and benefits of the following guidelines in
cleaning and storing drafting tools. Use a separate sheet of paper. (4 points each)

1. Why is it important to inspect the tools before using them?

2. What is the importance of wiping the tool with a dry piece of cloth before keeping it?
3. What is the benefit that we can get if we use the drawing instruments properly?
4. Why should we avoid pulling the steel tape too much?
5. How will the oil help the movable parts of your measuring tools?

48
A. Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and False if otherwise. Write your
answer before the number.

_______1. Any piece of drawing instrument should be used properly.

_______2. It is better to own a few good tools than a number of poor ones.
_______3. Avoid throwing a tool to anybody, instead hand it over carefully.
_______4. Pick up the triangle on its side and tilt the T-square blade upward slightly before
moving it.
_______5. Be sure to inspect the drawing tools before using them to ensure that they are in
good
working condition.

B. Directions: Fill in the correct word in each blank to complete the selection.

Jed, a Grade 8 student of Polo National High School, will start to work on his drawing
plate. So he get his drawing tools, materials and drawing ______________. To ensure that
they are in good working condition, Jed ______________ the drawing tools. When everything
is set, he started working on his plate. His classmate borrowed his compass, so he hand it over
______________. He’s able to finish his work on time. After using the drawing instruments,
Jed clean it thoroughly with a ______________ cloth and wiped it dry with another piece of
cloth before ______________ it.

REFERENCES
Bermas, Dante B and Mirasol F. Dasig. K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and
Livelihood Education Learning Module MECHANICAL DRAFTING Grades 7 & 8 Republic of the
Philippines Department of Education.

WEEK 10 Topic: Identifying Hazards and Risks

Learning Competency: Apply Safety Practices

Learning Outcome 10: Identifying Hazardous Area
10.1 Hazards are identified correctly in accordance with OHS procedures.
10.2 Safety signs and symbols are identified and adhered to in accordance with
workplace
safety procedure.
Code: TLE_ICTTDD7/8OS-0j-1

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. identify the hazards and risks;
2. apply the appropriate safety signs and symbols in accordance with workplace
safety procedures; and
3. recognize the importance of having a safety workplace.

49
Directions: Read each item carefully and write only the letter of the best answer.

1. It is used to warn us against unsafe workplace practices.

A. Caution sign B. Danger sign C. Exit sign D. Safety sign
2. A type of hazard caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
A. Biological B. Chemical C. Ergonomic D. Safety
3. This is a preventive sign used to warn us when a hazard is likely to be life threatening.
A. Caution sign B. Danger sign C. Exit sign D. Safety sign
4. Properly set-up the required tools and materials in a place convenient for you.
A. After the activity C. During the activity
B. Before the activity D. In between activities
5. This is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety health and welfare of
people engaged in work or employment.
A. Department of Labor and Employment C. Occupational Health and Safety
B. Department of Trade and Industry D. Occupational Labor Code

Directions: Rearrange the letters to get the right word in order to complete the sentence.

__________ 1. After using a tool, clean it thoroughly with a ( A D M P ) cloth.

__________ 2. Oil the movable parts of the ( A E I U G M N R S ) tools to avoid stock-up.
__________ 3. When not in use, the ( A E U Q R S T ) is preferably hung by inserting the hole
to
a nail at the end of its blade.
__________ 4. Be sure to ( E I C N P S T ) the tools before using them.
__________ 5. Pick up the triangles by its tip and tilt the T-square blade ( A U D P R W ) slightly
before moving.

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with

protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. As a
secondary effect, it may also protect co-workers, family members, employers, customers,
suppliers nearby communities, and other members of the public who are affected by the
workplace environment.

Practicing Proper Procedures in Using Drafting Tools,

Material, and Instruments

In preparation for a required task in Mechanical Drafting, students should plan, prepare,
and select the right tools, material and instruments for a particular drawing activity. This is to
ensure the correct setting of standard procedure and accuracy of drawings.

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 A. Before the Start of Drafting Activity
1. Select the tools, material, and equipment needed in the assigned task.
2. Properly set up the required tools and material in a place convenient for you to move
and execute your work.
3. Clean the table and tools. See to it that these are free from dust and other elements
that would cause dirt and damage to your work.
4. Wash your hands with clean water and soap.
B. During Activity
1. Perform the activity by following the standard operating procedure per job
requirement.
2. Properly manipulate all the tools and equipment that are used in the activity.
3. In case of errors or mistakes, use the appropriate eraser.
C. After the Activity
1. Submit your output to your teacher for checking.
2. Check all the tools and material to ensure that nothing is lost.
3. Return the tools and material to the tool keeper.
4. Withdraw your borrower’s card from the tool keeper and sign that you have returned
the borrowed tools, material and equipment.

General Accident Prevention Signs and Symbols

Signs and symbols shall be visible when the work is being performed and shall be
removed or covered promptly when the hazard no longer exists.

1. Danger Signs – shall be used only where an immediate hazard exists.

2. Caution Signs – shall be used only to warn against or caution against practices.

3. Exit Signs – shall be lettered in legible red letters, not less than 6 inches high, on a white
field and the principal stroke of the letters shall be at least three-fourths in width.

4. Safety Instructions Signs – shall be with green upper panel with white letters to convey the
principal message.

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 5. Directional Signs – shall be white with a black panel and white directional symbol.

6. Traffic Signs – construction areas shall be posted with legible traffic signs at point hazard.
All traffic control signs, or devices used for protection of construction workers shall conform
to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards.

Hazards in the Workplace

A place that is safe, healthy, and work-conducive entails more productivity. In fact, with
a healthy workplace, you will be doing more work with less effort. Hazard is a term used to
describe something that has the potential to cause harm. Risk, on the other hand, is a measure
of the possibility of a specific harmful effect in given circumstances.

Types of Workplace Hazards:

1. Safety hazards refer to unsafe workplace conditions and work practices.

2. Biological hazards are caused by organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and
parasites.
3. Chemical hazards are caused by any solid, liquid, vapor or gaseous chemicals, fume, or
mist.
4. Ergonomic hazards are anatomical, physiological, and psychological demands on the
worker, extreme temperatures, and awkward postures arising from improper work methods,
and improperly designed workstations, tools, and equipment.
5. Physical hazards are caused by noise, vibration, energy, weather, electricity, radiation, and
pressure.
6. Psychological hazards are basically causing stress to a worker. This kind of hazard
troubles an individual very much to an extent that his general well-being is affected.

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Directions: Open the link and watch the video about Applying Safety Practices in Drafting by
Sir Jules Tan, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HBP_BBlevk

Directions: Answer the question below. (5 points)

Why it is important to know and apply the OHS Standards?

Directions: Match the descriptions in Column A with the right terms in Column B.
Write only the letter of the correct answer before the number.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. It is a situation involving exposure to danger. A. Exit
2. This preventive sign shall be used only where an immediate
B. Risk
hazard exists.
3. This is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the C. After the activity
safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or D. Danger sign
employment.
4. Occupational health and safety requirements may be reinforced E. Before the activity
in civil law or criminal law. F. OHS
5. An example of this hazard is in the form of fumes and mist.
6. It has the potential to cause harm. G. Legal
7. This is caused by organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and H. Chemical
parasites.

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 8. This sign is lettered in legible red letters, not less than 6 inches I. Hazard
high. J. Biological
9. Return the tools and materials to the tool keeper.
10. Wash your hands with clean water and soap. K. Ergonomic hazards

REFERENCES
Bermas, Dante B and Mirasol F. Dasig. K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and
Livelihood Education Learning Module MECHANICAL DRAFTING Grades 7 & 8 Republic of the
Philippines Department of Education.
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcStoC-sMlSjUZ-81GCMrK-
3QLWbNXNu3f6kxg&usqp=CAU
http://ozihub.com/shop-by-category/safety-signs/directional-signs.html
https://birddogtrafficcontrol.com/blog/most-common-road-signs-you-should-be-aware-of/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HBP_BBlevk date

WEEK 11 Topic: Select and use Personal Protective Clothing and

Devices
Learning Competency: Apply Safety Practices
Learning Outcome 11: Use Personal Protective Clothing And Devices
11.1 Use Personal Protective Clothing/Equipment as per job requirement.
11.2 Proper wearing of PPE is observed in accordance with workplace safety
policies.
Code: TLE_ICTTD7/8OS-0j-2

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. identify the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) as per job requirement;
2. assess the proper wearing of PPE in accordance to workplace safety policies by
a PPE Inspection Checklist; and
3. recognize and appreciate the importance and use of PPE in the workplace.

A. Multiple Choice
Directions: Read each item carefully and write only the letter of the best answer.

_____ 1. This is a protective instrument for the eyes with transparent eye-pieces.5
A. Eyeglasses C. Safety goggles
B. VR Glasses D. Sunglasses
A. Cover all C. Safety goggles
B. Protective headgear D. Safety shoes

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_____2. It is a safety helmet or wide-brimmed hat used for head protection.2
A. Cover all C. Safety goggles
B. Protective headgear D. Safety shoes
_____3. This is designed specifically with hard or metallic materials in the toe areas.4
A. Boots C. Sneakers
B. Rubber shoes D. Safety shoes
_____ 4. It is a pair of protective coverings for the hands, usually with separate divisions for
for the fingers and for the thumb.3
A. Apron C. Hand Mask
B. Gloves D. Pot holder
_____5. The main purpose of wearing this PPE is to protect our limbs and body from metal
dusts, flaming combustion, flying chips, minute particles and stray metallic objects
from abrasive wheels, drills and cutting tools.1

B. True or False
Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and False if otherwise.
Write your answer before the number.

_____ 1. Protective helmets must be worn only where there is a risk of falling debris.
_____ 2. The equipment should be well maintained and stored correctly.
_____ 3. A respirator may be required in all workplaces.
_____ 4. Aprons, gloves and shields are necessary where there is possible spillage
or splashes of chemical, blood or other hazardous material.
_____5. Mechanical Drafting requires headwork and must be done in quiet
surroundings.

Directions: Fill in the blank with the correct answer.

1. This kind of hazard affects the ______________ general well-being of an individual.

2. Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites are examples of ______________ hazard.
3. If a sign is printed in white with a black panel and white directional symbol then it is a
______________ sign.
4. Solid, liquid, vapor, or gaseous substances, dust, fume, or mist are considered
______________ hazards.
5. Inadequate and insufficient machine guards, unsafe workplace conditions, unsafe
work practices poses risks to ones ______________.

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) standards refers to a set of rules issued by the
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) which mandates the adoption and use of

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appropriate practices, means, methods, operations or processes, and working conditions
reasonably necessary to ensure safe and healthful employment.

On the other hand, draftsmen are exposed to hazards every time they visit the project
site so a personal protective equipment, commonly referred to as "PPE", is worn to minimize
their exposure to hazards that can cause serious workplace injuries and illnesses.

It is very important for you to know that PPE is essential in a workplace. According to
DOLE that in every job there is a specific PPE needed to avoid any potential accidents.
Personal protective equipment are variety of devices and garments designed to serve as
barriers between workers and workplace hazards.

Thus, for any PPE to be effective:

 It must be selected based on use
 Employees must be trained on its uses
 It must be used and worn

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Using PPE helps to prevent the transmission of communicable diseases between

patients and health care providers. It can also help to prevent the contamination of exposed
wounds or sores from germs or bacteria that can travel from a health care provider to the
patient. Knowing how to properly use PPE can help to insure the safety and well-being of
health care providers and emergency responders.
Engineering and administrative controls are not exempted in the different hazardous
things normally happened in the workplace, the use of PPE protects workers from injury.
PPE must be used and worn in many work situations in order to protect employees from
harm.

IMAGE NAME OF PPE USES AND FUNCTIONS

A safety helmet or widebrimmed hat for head

Protective
protection. This can be used by a draftsman
headgear
during the actual visitation of the project site.

The main purpose of wearing this kind of

clothing is to protect our limbs and body from
Over-all metal dusts, flaming combustion, flying chips,
or minute particles and stray metallic objects
Cover-all from abrasive wheels, drills and cutting tools.

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 Safety Boots In most cases, safety shoes in the shop are
or designed specifically with hard or metallic
Safety Shoes materials in the toe areas.

A pair of protective coverings for the hands,

Gloves usually with separate divisions for the fingers
and for the thumb.

Safety Glasses This is a protective instrument for the eyes

or with transparent eye-pieces. It also protects
Goggles the eyes from absorbing so much light.

A portable device containing chemicals that

Fire extinguisher can be sprayed on a fire to put it out.

Personal Protective Equipment Inspection Checklist

1. Assessment
 Hazard assessment includes identifying when PPE needs to be used, in what
circumstances, and who must wear it.

2. Maintenance
 The equipment should be well maintained and stored correctly. It must be
repaired or replaced when necessary.
 Protective helmets must be worn where there is a risk of falling debris.
 Aprons, gloves and shields are necessary where there is possible spillage or
splashes of chemical, blood or other hazardous material.
 Protective steel-toe boots should be worn where there is a risk of damage to a
worker's feet.
 Goggles or other eye-protection devices should be worn to avoid possible risks
and danger during work.

3. Compliance
 Safety boots or head-protection equipment is worn and it must comply with the
Standards Safety Requirements.
 A respirator may be required in some workplaces.

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  Eye wash material will need to be kept on the site where there is a danger of
splashes in the eyes. Where PPE such as goggles or safety helmets are required,
a notice to this effect should be posted at the entrance of the workplace.

WE CAN DO THIS!

Tools and Materials: Drawing paper, pencil, any coloring medium

Procedure:
 Design a poster showing the proper use of PPE. You are free to choose any
available coloring medium. The poster should be informative and must
contain the main message. Your poster should focus on the following:
a. Hazard identification and risk assessment in general
b. The responsibility of your teacher and you as a student
 Your work will be graded based on the Rubric:

Criteria 15 10 5
The design effectively The design has The design did not
Relevance to the communicate the some resemblance connect to the
Theme given theme. to the theme. theme.
The artwork has
The artwork is some resemblance
Originality and The artwork is original
original and to previous works
Creativity and very creative
creative. and needs
creativity.

Directions: Match the body parts with the correct personal protective equipment. Write your
answer before the number.

Column A Column B
1. Eyes A. Helmet
2. Body B. Safety Boots
3. Feet C. Gloves
4. Hands D. Cover All
5. Head E. Goggles
F. Bonnet

A. Directions: Read each statement carefully and write the letter of the correct answer.

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___1. It is a safety helmet used for head protection.
A. Cover all B. Protective headgear C. Safety goggles D. Safety shoes
___2. This is a protective instrument for the eyes with transparent eye-piece.
A. Eyeglasses B. VR Glasses C. Safety goggles D. Sunglasses
___3. This personal protective equipment has a hard or metallic material in the toe areas.
A. Boots B. Rubber shoes C. Safety shoes D. Sneakers
___4. It is a pair of protective coverings for the hands, usually with separate divisions for
the
fingers and for the thumb.
A. Apron B. Gloves C. Hand Mask D. Pot holder
___5. The main purpose of wearing this PPE is to protect our limbs and body from metal
dusts, flaming combustion, flying chips, minute particles and stray metallic objects
from
abrasive wheels, drills and cutting tools.
A. Cover all B. Protective headgear C. Safety goggles D. Safety shoes

B. Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and False if otherwise. Write your
answer before the number.

_____ 1. Mechanical Drafting requires headwork and must be done in quiet surroundings.
_____ 2. Aprons, gloves and shields are necessary where there is possible spillage or
splashes of chemical, blood or other hazardous material.
_____ 3. The equipment should be well maintained and stored correctly.
_____ 4. Protective helmets must be worn only where there is a risk of falling debris.
_____ 5. A respirator may be required in all workplaces.

REFERENCES
K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module
Pages 157-164
http://tiny.cc/bz6wtz

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